EP3625535A1 - Procede d'analyse des traces de contaminants d'un liquide cryogenique - Google Patents
Procede d'analyse des traces de contaminants d'un liquide cryogeniqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3625535A1 EP3625535A1 EP18736972.3A EP18736972A EP3625535A1 EP 3625535 A1 EP3625535 A1 EP 3625535A1 EP 18736972 A EP18736972 A EP 18736972A EP 3625535 A1 EP3625535 A1 EP 3625535A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquid
- vaporization
- pressure
- chamber
- contaminant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 161
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011364 vaporized material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 42
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 10
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 9
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012263 liquid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001745 non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/4022—Concentrating samples by thermal techniques; Phase changes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/10—Devices for withdrawing samples in the liquid or fluent state
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
- F17C13/086—Mounting arrangements for vessels for Dewar vessels or cryostats
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
- F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
- F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
- F25J3/04854—Safety aspects of operation
- F25J3/0486—Safety aspects of operation of vaporisers for oxygen enriched liquids, e.g. purging of liquids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
- F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
- F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
- F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
- F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0447—Composition; Humidity
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2280/00—Control of the process or apparatus
- F25J2280/02—Control in general, load changes, different modes ("runs"), measurements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2202—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling
- G01N1/2214—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling by sorption
- G01N2001/2217—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state involving separation of sample components during sampling by sorption using a liquid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/4022—Concentrating samples by thermal techniques; Phase changes
- G01N2001/4027—Concentrating samples by thermal techniques; Phase changes evaporation leaving a concentrated sample
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for analyzing contaminant traces of a cryogenic liquid, that is to say a liquid that liquefies at a cryogenic temperature.
- the oxygen vaporizer of an air separation apparatus by cryogenic distillation is the place where many impurities contained in the feed air of the distillation columns are concentrated, and which one does not have. could eliminate upstream.
- the impurity is directly reactive with oxygen, and can generate situations with a high risk of explosion, especially when the energy released by this reactive impurity is sufficient to start the combustion of the aluminum matrix.
- This is the case of hydrocarbons.
- Heavy hydrocarbons (C4 +) or having unsaturated bonds are known to be stopped upstream of the distillation system by an adsorption process.
- the light saturated hydrocarbons (C1, C2) are little or not stopped, but have a high solubility in liquid oxygen, which makes the presence of a quasi pure phase of hydrocarbons of this type very unlikely.
- Notoriously the most critical hydrocarbon is propane, given only a partial halt in the adsorption systems, and its relatively low solubility in liquid oxygen.
- the propane entering through the air can accumulate in the liquid oxygen bath until reaching a content greater than its solubility limit and thus generate a pure phase in contact with oxygen.
- the impurity is not reactive, but accelerates the accumulation phenomenon of all other impurities, including those that are reactive. This is the case with compounds whose solidification point is higher than the operating temperature of liquid oxygen.
- CO2 and N2O are the most critical compounds from this point of view because they can, accidentally or not, not be completely stopped by the adsorption system.
- a solid phase is created and can clog the vaporization channels of the exchanger vaporizing liquid oxygen. It is known that this mechanism called dead end boiling accelerates the concentration of all the impurities contained in the vaporizing liquid, and therefore the risk related to hydrocarbons and the combustion of fuel. the aluminum matrix is increased.
- the levels of purities to be analyzed are extremely low, given the very low liquid / vapor equilibrium coefficients of the constituents in oxygen, in particular for N2O and CO2.
- the measurement frequency may be low.
- FR2797325 discloses a method of analyzing a liquid according to the prior art. According to this method, during a main step, a small flow of liquid (oxygen possibly charged with impurities) continuously enters a chamber and is completely vaporized under a small difference in temperature.
- the vaporized oxygen is discharged continuously out of the chamber and the impurities are retained in the form of crystals or liquid inside the enclosure. It is therefore a total vaporization of the liquid oxygen in an open circuit.
- This step must be sufficiently long (several days continuously) so that a significant amount of impurities can be deposited so that it can be detected during the next step (rise to a higher temperature).
- the amount of moles of accumulated impurities is carried out in a next step by the pressure measurement of the enclosure (during the rise in temperature in a closed circuit) and by the calculation of the number of moles in the enclosure.
- the evolution of the pressure measured in the closed chamber gives the amount of material initially present in the liquid or solid phase. Depending on the temperatures at which the evolutions of pressure intervene, one has a knowledge of the nature of the body which vaporizes.
- the liquid flow has been previously stopped and the impurities are previously concentrated in a gaseous oxygen atmosphere.
- Another way proposed is to wash the impurities with a solvent to perform an analysis.
- the disadvantage is the fact of diluting the impurities.
- An object of the invention is to provide an alternative for measuring impurity levels in a cryogenic liquid, while using known and simple analyzers operating, the detection limit remains of the order of 1 ppm.
- a method according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from US4991449.
- a method for analyzing the content of at least one contaminant in a cryogenic liquid in which:
- a residual liquid sample is taken, and the contaminant content is measured after total vaporization of the residual liquid sample.
- the contaminant content of the residual liquid is measured by completely vaporizing the residual liquid with at least one contaminant contained therein, the vaporization chamber then being isolated from any input or output of material and then the contaminant content is analyzed in the vaporized residual liquid.
- step ii the liquid is completely vaporized, thus increasing the pressure in the isolated and closed chamber, and the steam generated is then sent to an analyzer.
- the steam generated is heated to a temperature higher than the vaporization temperature of the contaminant at the pressure of the chamber before sending it to the analyzer.
- the analyzer is capable of measuring a concentration of a contaminant less than 10 ppm, or even 1 ppm, or even 0.1 ppm.
- the pressure under which is carried out the partial vaporization of the liquid of step b) is at least 1 bar less than the filling pressure P of the chamber.
- step c) is at least essentially equal to the ratio of the quantities of material, in terms of the initial and final volume or mass of the liquid before and after the partial vaporization of step b).
- step c) is calculated as a function of the ratio between the quantity of liquid vaporized in step b) and L
- step c) is known by material balance between the amount of initial liquid introduced L, and the sum of the vaporized amounts and residual liquid.
- the ratio between the volume (respectively mass) of liquid initially introduced L and the volume (respectively mass) of liquid present in the vaporization chamber at the time of the insulation is determined by counting the quantity of vaporized material, or by counting energy introduced into the vaporization exchanger by the heat source or by measurement of variation of the liquid level and / or mass in the chamber.
- the fraction of step b) is greater than 10%, preferably greater than 30%, or even greater than 90%.
- step b) the fraction of step b) is less than 100%
- the vaporization pressure of step b) and / or c) is less than 0.8 bar absolute.
- the liquid comes from an apparatus for separating air by cryogenic distillation, being taken from the apparatus either in a liquid state or in a gaseous state, being in this case liquefied before being sent to the chamber.
- the air separation apparatus comprises an adsorption purification unit and a distillation column system of a purified gas in the purification unit, the liquid being gas taken downstream of the purification unit and then liquefied.
- the air separation apparatus comprises an adsorption purification unit and a distillation column system of a purified gas in the unit purification, the liquid being a bottom liquid of a column of the system or an intermediate liquid of a column of the system.
- step e) the enclosure is cooled between step i) or ii) and step a) to bring the chamber to a temperature below the boiling temperature of the cryogenic liquid sent into the chamber.
- the enclosure is cooled by sending a portion of the cryogenic liquid into a space surrounding the enclosure.
- cryogenic liquid of the space is not present during steps b) and / or c).
- the process does not comprise a step of solidification of the cryogenic liquid
- step b) the vaporization of step b) is carried out at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum
- the cryogenic liquid may be liquefied air, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquid methane, liquid carbon monoxide, liquid helium, etc.
- the total amount of known liquid L constituting the initial liquid is introduced at pressure P into an enclosure, previously brought to a temperature identical to or lower than the vaporization temperature at the pressure P of the liquid to be analyzed, without being vaporized.
- the chamber is filled with cryogenic liquid, for example liquid oxygen, discontinuously.
- cryogenic liquid for example liquid oxygen
- This cryogenic liquid is liquid oxygen which is partially vaporized.
- the ratio between the initial quantity of liquid L and the quantity of liquid remaining defines a concentration factor of the liquid phase, if the equilibrium coefficients are very low (for example less than 100).
- the vaporized (gaseous) oxygen is evacuated outside the chamber and the impurities are kept inside the enclosure.
- the contaminants are previously and predominantly concentrated by a known factor in a volume of liquid oxygen.
- the concentrate of concentrated liquid oxygen and the contaminants are vaporized in closed volume in order to carry out the analysis of the impurities.
- the volume of liquid available in the enclosure and the contents of the vaporized contaminants are sufficient to be directly analyzed via the devices available on the production unit (ASU).
- the total duration of a complete cycle is between 15 minutes and
- the impurities are removed from the enclosure and therefore are not preserved.
- the content of at least one contaminant in the concentrated liquid is measured by completely vaporizing the liquid and significantly overheating the vaporization temperature of the impurity to be analyzed, for example at least 10 ° C above the vaporization temperature, to be certain not to have residual traces of highly concentrated liquid contaminants, and analyzing the content of at least one contaminant in the vaporized phase.
- the main point is therefore to have concentrated by controlled partial vaporization of a known quantity of liquid to be able to analyze what could not be, rather than to deduce the content by monitoring pressure evolution in a chamber closed as described in the prior art.
- a sample to be analyzed is preferably taken from the liquid oxygen bath in the bottom of the low pressure column of a double air separation column by cryogenic distillation. It can be taken upstream of the latter, between the different vaporizer stages of the low pressure column if this is the case or at the inlet of the vaporizer located in the tank of the low pressure column.
- the sample may also be taken at all stages of the air-gas production unit. It can therefore be taken at the end of the purification at the head (FEP), which serves to purify the air to be distilled in water and carbon dioxide, to be previously liquefied before being concentrated.
- FEP purification at the head
- a determined volume (respectively a mass) L of this sample is sent into a vaporization chamber through lines 1 and 3 and the open valve V1.
- the volume L is in the enclosure E.
- the pipe 9 and the valve 4 are used to evacuate the excess liquid during the filling of the enclosure E.
- the flow of liquid that can escape is smaller than the feed rate through V1. Therefore, during filling the enclosure is voluntarily filled with liquid to a level above the orifice (and line 9 and valve 4).
- step b) no more liquid is sent into the chamber, the valve V1 being closed.
- the valve V6 of the pipe 19 is open and the valves V7 and V5 of the pipes 17 and 15 respectively are closed as well as the valve V3.
- the liquid L is heated by a heat source H and partially vaporizes, leaving a quantity of residual liquid R.
- a heat exchanger supplied by an external heat source heat exchange with a heat-generating fluid, electricity, waves, etc.
- the generated steam is evacuated from the vaporization chamber through the valve V6 and the lines 13, 19.
- the vaponsation is carried out at atmospheric pressure or controlled vacuum through a vacuum production system such as a vacuum pump or ejector.
- the advantage of vacuum evaporation is twofold. The first is to lower the vaporization temperature and therefore to further reduce the liquid / vapor equilibrium coefficients. The second is to be able to increase the temperature difference ( ⁇ ) between the heating system and the liquid to vaporize in order to decrease the duration of the vaporization cycle. Spraying can also be done without the use of a vacuum pump.
- the pressure of the chamber is considered to be equal to the atmospheric pressure, while it must be slightly higher than this because of the pressure drops.
- the vaporization chamber is isolated in such a way that the ratio between the volume (respectively mass) of liquid initially introduced and the volume (respectively mass) of liquid present in the vaporization chamber at moment of insulation is perfectly determined.
- This determination can be made by counting the quantity of vaporized material, or by counting the energy introduced into the vaporization exchanger by the heat source or by measuring the variation of the liquid level and / or the mass in the heat exchanger.
- the impurities will remain at least essentially contained in the liquid phase, and the concentration will have varied by a factor at least substantially equal to the ratio of the quantities of material, in terms of volume or mass, initial and final .
- the quantity of impurities discharged into the gas phase can be taken into account in the calculation of the concentration factor and / or in the calculation of the initial concentration.
- the concentration factor is known by material balance between the amount of initial liquid introduced, and the sum of the vaporized amounts and residual liquid.
- the quantity of liquid thus vaporized, lower than L, is therefore precisely controlled, according to step c) so that the content of contaminant in the residual liquid present in the chamber is substantially equal to that in the initial liquid, multiplied by a previously determined factor.
- step i) the contaminant content of the residual liquid is measured directly.
- a residual liquid sample is taken, and the contaminant content is measured after total vaporization of the residual liquid sample; the contaminant content in the initial liquid is deduced from the measurement of contaminant in the residual liquid
- step ii) provides for deducing the contaminant content of the residual liquid by completely vaporizing the residual liquid with the at least one contaminant it contains, the evaporation chamber E then being isolated from any input or output material and then the contaminant content in the vaporized residual liquid is analyzed.
- the contaminant content of the residual liquid is measured by completely vaporizing the residual liquid with at least one contaminant contained therein, the vaporization chamber then being isolated from any input or output of material, then the contaminant content is analyzed in the residual vaporized liquid and the contaminant content in the initial liquid is deduced from the measurement of contaminant in the residual liquid.
- step ii) The vaporization is then continued, according to step ii) until complete vaporization of the residual liquid, the vaporization chamber being thermally insulated to have no further exchange of material with the outside of the chamber, then the phase vaporized inside the chamber is superheated until total evaporation of the impurity deposits (up to a temperature of -70 ° C for example), thus creating a pressure rise in the vaporization chamber. It is certain that all the impurities are vaporized if the chamber is heated to a sufficiently high temperature, significantly greater than the vaporization temperature of the impurities at the pressure of the chamber.
- step ii) all the valves allowing a fluid inlet into the enclosure or a fluid outlet coming from the enclosure are closed.
- step ii) the gaseous phase is sent in the analysis line 15 of the chamber E to the analyzer through the open valve V5. Since the content of the liquid initially collected has been multiplied by the pre-defined concentration factor during the partial vaporization phase (step b), the content of impurity contained in the end-of-sequence vapor is therefore sufficiently high to be measured by a conventional analyzer (NDIR type for example).
- NDIR conventional analyzer
- step i) or ii) Theninte will then be put back in cold.
- This step may be carried out by internal or preferably external circulation of a cryogenic liquid, for example the cryogenic liquid to be analyzed, in order to restart a concentration cycle as previously defined.
- the total duration of steps a) and b) and c) and d) including one of steps i) or ii) is between 15 min and 40 min, preferably less than 20 minutes.
- the apparatus comprises a V envelope placed around the enclosure E forming a cylindrical space for regulating the temperature of the enclosure.
- step e it is necessary to cool the enclosure by a step e). If it is cold simply by sending the liquid to be analyzed in the chamber, it is partially vaporized during this phase and thus distorts the analysis of impurities. It is therefore necessary to put cold in another way. This step will be included in the duration between 15 and 40 min.
- step d) of cooling the enclosure E the space V is filled with a liquid at a temperature below the equilibrium temperature of the liquid to be analyzed. In this way, the liquid to be analyzed is sent into the chamber during step a), the latter remains completely liquid.
- a portion of the liquid to be analyzed is sent via the pipe 5 and the valve V2 to the space V to cool the enclosure E.
- the filled space is colder than the liquid oxygen coming from the column.
- the liquid used to cool the enclosure E could be liquid nitrogen, but the system would be more complicated.
- the liquid contained in the space V is removed during steps b) and c) so that the heat source H only heats the liquid present in the enclosure E.
- the liquid exits through the pipe 7 through the valve V3.
- the pipe 8 makes it possible to leave the steam from the space V.
- the one according to the invention operates by concentration in the liquid phase of the impurities.
- the cycle time is short and it is important to be precise about the amount of impurities deposited.
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Molecular Biology (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1754453A FR3066597B1 (fr) | 2017-05-19 | 2017-05-19 | Appareil d'analyse des traces de contaminants d'un liquide cryogenique |
FR1754452A FR3066596B1 (fr) | 2017-05-19 | 2017-05-19 | Procede d'analyse des traces de contaminants d'un liquide cryogenique |
PCT/FR2018/051206 WO2018211229A1 (fr) | 2017-05-19 | 2018-05-18 | Procede d'analyse des traces de contaminants d'un liquide cryogenique |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3625535A1 true EP3625535A1 (fr) | 2020-03-25 |
Family
ID=62815074
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18736972.3A Withdrawn EP3625535A1 (fr) | 2017-05-19 | 2018-05-18 | Procede d'analyse des traces de contaminants d'un liquide cryogenique |
EP18736973.1A Active EP3625536B1 (fr) | 2017-05-19 | 2018-05-18 | Appareil de traitement de liquide a analyser |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18736973.1A Active EP3625536B1 (fr) | 2017-05-19 | 2018-05-18 | Appareil de traitement de liquide a analyser |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US20200191689A1 (fr) |
EP (2) | EP3625535A1 (fr) |
JP (2) | JP7019726B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20200009041A (fr) |
CN (2) | CN110621973A (fr) |
RU (2) | RU2757775C2 (fr) |
WO (2) | WO2018211229A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2021005744A1 (fr) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-14 | 太陽日酸株式会社 | Dispositif et procédé de séparation d'air |
FR3116324B1 (fr) | 2020-11-19 | 2023-05-05 | Air Liquide | Procédé et appareil de vaporisation d’un liquide |
FR3116586B1 (fr) * | 2020-11-26 | 2023-05-12 | Air Liquide | Procédé et appareil de vaporisation de liquide de purge d’un vaporiseur de liquide cryogénique |
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US3123982A (en) * | 1964-03-10 | Cryogenic gas sampler | ||
DE2408845C2 (de) * | 1974-02-23 | 1985-01-10 | Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Probenahmegerät für verflüssigte Gase |
CA1320849C (fr) * | 1988-06-02 | 1993-08-03 | Jose M. Dieguez | Methode et dispositif de prelevement d'echantillons de liquide cryogene |
JP3061471B2 (ja) * | 1991-02-18 | 2000-07-10 | 大阪酸素工業株式会社 | 液サンプリング装置 |
US5282927A (en) * | 1991-05-09 | 1994-02-01 | Mark Weidner | Concentrating evaporator |
US5567887A (en) * | 1994-03-10 | 1996-10-22 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Anhydrous ammonia gas sampler and concentration system |
FR2730172B1 (fr) * | 1995-02-07 | 1997-03-21 | Air Liquide | Methode et appareil de surveillance de fonctionnement d'une installation de separation d'air |
RU2119941C1 (ru) * | 1996-08-07 | 1998-10-10 | Олег Леонидович Парфенов | Способ и установка изготовления пива |
FR2797325B1 (fr) | 1999-08-04 | 2001-11-09 | Air Liquide | Procede et appareil de detection et d'analyse de composes en phase liquide ou solide et unite de distillation comprenant un tel appareil |
FR2839153B1 (fr) * | 2002-04-25 | 2005-01-14 | Air Liquide | Procede et installation d'echantillonnage de liquides cryogeniques, et unite de separation d'air pourvue d'au moins une telle installation |
JP2004028819A (ja) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-29 | Hiyoshi:Kk | 微量成分濃縮装置及び濃縮方法 |
BRPI0512818A (pt) * | 2004-07-02 | 2007-10-23 | Metanomics Gmbh | processos para a produção do respectivo produto quìmico fino e de um polipeptìdeo e para a identificação de um composto conferindo produção incrementada do respectivo produto quìmico fino, molécula de ácido nucleico isolada, construção de ácido nucleico, vetor, célula hospedeira, polipeptìdeo, anticorpo, tecido de planta, material de propagação, material colhido ou uma planta. métodos para selecionar agonistas e antagonistas da atividade de um polipeptìdeo, para identificar um produto gênico e para produzir uma composição agrìcola, composição e usos de uma molécula de ácido nucleico e de um polipeptìdeo e célula de planta, organela de célula de planta, tecido de planta, planta ou parte da mesma |
FR2858416A1 (fr) | 2004-10-07 | 2005-02-04 | Air Liquide | Procedes d'analyse de liquides cryogeniques et analyseur |
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CN201892674U (zh) * | 2010-07-03 | 2011-07-06 | 上海华普汽车有限公司 | 一种甲醇汽车蒸发污染物中甲醇含量的测试系统 |
EP2466186A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-06-20 | Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. | Procédé de remplissage d'un conteneur de stockage de gaz |
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CN104359717B (zh) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-05-17 | 上海明华电力技术工程有限公司 | 一种污染源湿度饱和烟气中低浓度颗粒物采样测试装置及方法 |
CN104709957B (zh) * | 2015-02-16 | 2016-03-30 | 吉林大学 | 萃取分离地下水中有机污染物和表面活性剂的装置及方法 |
US10359231B2 (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2019-07-23 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Method for controlling production of high pressure gaseous oxygen in an air separation unit |
-
2018
- 2018-05-18 RU RU2019141098A patent/RU2757775C2/ru active
- 2018-05-18 JP JP2019563134A patent/JP7019726B2/ja active Active
- 2018-05-18 US US16/614,922 patent/US20200191689A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-05-18 RU RU2019139654A patent/RU2755284C2/ru active
- 2018-05-18 EP EP18736972.3A patent/EP3625535A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-05-18 JP JP2019563079A patent/JP7086995B2/ja active Active
- 2018-05-18 CN CN201880031682.9A patent/CN110621973A/zh active Pending
- 2018-05-18 KR KR1020197036930A patent/KR20200009041A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-05-18 EP EP18736973.1A patent/EP3625536B1/fr active Active
- 2018-05-18 WO PCT/FR2018/051206 patent/WO2018211229A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2018-05-18 CN CN201880044587.2A patent/CN110869731B/zh active Active
- 2018-05-18 WO PCT/FR2018/051207 patent/WO2018211230A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2018-05-18 US US16/614,905 patent/US11585738B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20200191689A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
RU2019141098A (ru) | 2021-06-15 |
JP2020521120A (ja) | 2020-07-16 |
WO2018211230A1 (fr) | 2018-11-22 |
CN110869731B (zh) | 2023-07-28 |
WO2018211229A1 (fr) | 2018-11-22 |
RU2019139654A3 (fr) | 2021-06-07 |
CN110621973A (zh) | 2019-12-27 |
JP7086995B2 (ja) | 2022-06-20 |
RU2019141098A3 (fr) | 2021-06-15 |
RU2757775C2 (ru) | 2021-10-21 |
JP7019726B2 (ja) | 2022-02-15 |
RU2019139654A (ru) | 2021-06-07 |
EP3625536A1 (fr) | 2020-03-25 |
US20200209113A1 (en) | 2020-07-02 |
RU2755284C2 (ru) | 2021-09-14 |
KR20200009041A (ko) | 2020-01-29 |
JP2020521121A (ja) | 2020-07-16 |
EP3625536B1 (fr) | 2022-11-16 |
US11585738B2 (en) | 2023-02-21 |
CN110869731A (zh) | 2020-03-06 |
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