EP3624939A1 - Verfahren zur regeneration eines vergifteten, ruthenium oder rutheniumverbindungen enthaltenden katalysators - Google Patents
Verfahren zur regeneration eines vergifteten, ruthenium oder rutheniumverbindungen enthaltenden katalysatorsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3624939A1 EP3624939A1 EP18726095.5A EP18726095A EP3624939A1 EP 3624939 A1 EP3624939 A1 EP 3624939A1 EP 18726095 A EP18726095 A EP 18726095A EP 3624939 A1 EP3624939 A1 EP 3624939A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- ruthenium
- regeneration
- oxidative
- sulfur
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 150000003304 ruthenium compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 claims description 109
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 claims description 76
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 51
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 51
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- ROZSPJBPUVWBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru]=O Chemical class [Ru]=O ROZSPJBPUVWBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical class [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 ruthenium halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 49
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 16
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 11
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 11
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000007138 Deacon process reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 102100033979 Protein strawberry notch homolog 1 Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous oxide Inorganic materials [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO2 Inorganic materials O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001609 comparable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexene Chemical compound C1CCC=CC1 HGCIXCUEYOPUTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromium trioxide Chemical compound O=[Cr]O[Cr]=O QDOXWKRWXJOMAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052762 osmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N osmium atom Chemical compound [Os] SYQBFIAQOQZEGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- BIXNGBXQRRXPLM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(3+);trichloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.Cl[Ru](Cl)Cl BIXNGBXQRRXPLM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-[4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylindazol-5-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C2C=NNC2=CC=1C)C=1C(=NN(C=1C)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(C=C)=O)C1)C=1C=C2C=NN(C2=CC=1)C AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical class [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000228957 Ferula foetida Species 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000141359 Malus pumila Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical compound ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910006724 SnOa Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PCBMYXLJUKBODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].ClOCl Chemical class [Ru].ClOCl PCBMYXLJUKBODW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000021016 apples Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000009849 deactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000043 hydrogen iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035987 intoxication Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000566 intoxication Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen dioxide Inorganic materials O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010405 reoxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur monoxide Chemical class S=O XTQHKBHJIVJGKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052815 sulfur oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
- B01J38/42—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst using halogen-containing material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/90—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J23/96—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the noble metals
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
- B01J27/10—Chlorides
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/12—Oxidising
- B01J37/14—Oxidising with gases containing free oxygen
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- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
- B01J38/06—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst using steam
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- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
- B01J38/12—Treating with free oxygen-containing gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
- B01J38/12—Treating with free oxygen-containing gas
- B01J38/14—Treating with free oxygen-containing gas with control of oxygen content in oxidation gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
- C01B7/03—Preparation from chlorides
- C01B7/04—Preparation of chlorine from hydrogen chloride
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
- B01J23/462—Ruthenium
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0201—Impregnation
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/16—Reducing
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Definitions
- the reaction with sulfur compounds in catalysts containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds leads in many typical applications to an irreversible reduction in activity which is commonly thought to be due to poisoning.
- the present invention relates to a process by which the sulfur content of a catalyst containing sulfur in the form of sulfur compounds, ruthenium or ruthenium compounds can be reduced by targeted treatment with a hydrogen chloride-containing stream under non-oxidative conditions that its activity on the activity of a similar catalyst increases, which is not poisoned with sulfur in the form of sulfur compounds.
- the catalyst is subjected to oxidative post-treatment.
- the success of this regeneration is exemplified by the catalytic oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen and the oxidation of carbon monoxide with oxygen.
- a typical field of application for a catalyst containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds is the production of chlorine by gas phase oxidation of hydrogen chloride with oxygen:
- This reaction is an equilibrium reaction.
- the position of the equilibrium shifts with increasing temperature to the detriment of the desired end product. It is therefore advantageous to use catalysts with the highest possible activity, which allow the reaction to proceed at low temperature.
- the first catalysts for the hydrogen chloride oxidation contained as active component copper chloride or oxide and were already described in 1868 by Deacon. However, they had low activity at low temperature ( ⁇ 400 ° C). Although their activity could be increased by increasing the reaction temperature, it was disadvantageous that the volatility of the active components led to rapid deactivation.
- Titanium dioxide whose application is described, for example, in the application EP 743277 A1 and tin dioxide whose use is known, for example, from the application DE 10 2006 024 543 A1, appears to be particularly suitable as a support.
- a sulfur load in the input stream can, for. B. by sulfur-containing raw materials (eg petroleum fractions, natural gas, coal) or upstream processes (eg gas drying with sulfuric acid, sulfur-containing activated carbon) be imprinted. From WO 2007 066 810 AI is z. B. it is known that it foxidation for the lifetime of a ruthenium or ruthenium-containing catalyst for the Chlorwas sVaccino f is crucial to lower the sulfur load in the input stream below 2 ppm. In order to reduce the sulfur load, various oxides are described in this application, on which sulfur components are deposited by reactive means.
- a disadvantage of this method is that volatile chlorides of these elements can be carried over to the catalyst or peak load in the sulfur load can lead to breakthrough of sulfur compounds.
- Processes for the regeneration of catalysts containing sulfur in the form of sulfur compounds and containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds have already been described, but they have many disadvantages. It is known from GB 744 049 A that catalysts containing sulfur in the form of sulfur compounds and containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds can be regenerated by a wash.
- the washing liquid are mentioned water, ethanol, acetic acid, cyclohexene, benzene and acetone.
- a laundry always carries the risk that some of the active components will be discharged with the washing liquid. This can be done both by chemical-physical processes (eg reaction + absorption, solubility) and by mechanical processes (eg abrasion).
- the catalyst for a laundry must be removed from the reactor used for the target reaction usually.
- GB 1 278 119 A describes the regeneration of a catalyst containing sulfur in the form of sulfur compounds and containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds by reducing treatment with an anhydrous hydrogen stream at 430 to 595 ° C., a pressure between 3 and 24 bar and a few other oxidation states. and reduction steps.
- Such a combination of reducing conditions and high temperatures will lead to a substantial reduction of ruthenium oxides (if present) to metallic ruthenium down to deeper layers.
- This treatment will subject the catalyst containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds to drastic changes, which may be undesirable for some applications.
- pressure-resistant reactors, pipelines and valves must be available for this application, which is why the catalyst for this treatment would normally have to be expanded.
- US Pat. No. 4,851,380 A describes a process for the regeneration of carbon- and sulfur-contaminated monofunctional, large-pore zeolite reforming catalysts. Therein, a platinum catalyst first becomes an agglomeration procedure in oxygen-containing gas at 900
- WO 2009 118 095 A3 describes a process by which the sulfur content of a catalyst containing sulfur in the form of sulfur compounds, containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds by a specific treatment with a hydrogen chloride stream under non-oxidative conditions can be reduced so that its activity increases to the activity of a similar catalyst that is not poisoned with sulfur in the form of sulfur compounds.
- the catalyst containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds is present in chlorinated or superficially chlorinated form in the form of a chlorinated or oxychlorinated ruthenium compound or superficially chlorinated or oxychlorinated ruthenium compound.
- WO 2010 076 296 A1 describes a process for the regeneration of a hydrogen chloride oxidation catalyst comprising ruthenium oxide on a support material, comprising the steps of a) reducing the catalyst with a gas stream containing hydrogen chloride and optionally an inert gas at a temperature of 100 to 800 ° C., b ) Rekalzinieren the catalyst with an oxygen-containing gas stream at a temperature Tem of 150 to 800 ° C.
- the chlorinated or superficially chlorinated ruthenium oxide catalyst in step a) is reoxidized, which prevents or at least reduces the formation of volatile ruthenium compounds when the catalyst is restarted under reaction conditions.
- the object of this invention is therefore to provide a long-term effective, gentle and simple process for the regeneration of a catalyst containing sulfur in the form of sulfur compounds and containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds.
- the sulfur content of a catalyst containing sulfur in the form of sulfur compounds and containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds can be reduced by selective treatment with a halogen gas stream, in particular hydrogen chloride-containing gas stream, under non-oxidative conditions with optionally elevated temperature in that its activity increases to the activity of a similar catalyst which has not been poisoned with sulfur in the form of sulfur compounds.
- a halogen gas stream in particular hydrogen chloride-containing gas stream
- a subsequent gentle, oxidative treatment in particular consisting of a first process step, which results from the treatment with a vapor-containing gas stream to a gentle anoxidation of the catalyst and also the sulfur compounds, which after the targeted treatment with a Hydrogen halide, in particular hydrogen chloride-containing gas Ström emerged, removed from the reactor and the subsequent piping and apparatus and a second process step, which consists of a targeted treatment with an oxygen-containing stream whose concentration is preferably increased sequentially, the catalyst carefully, as completely as possible Oxidized, resulting in the long-term success of regeneration.
- a subsequent gentle, oxidative treatment in particular consisting of a first process step, which results from the treatment with a vapor-containing gas stream to a gentle anoxidation of the catalyst and also the sulfur compounds, which after the targeted treatment with a Hydrogen halide, in particular hydrogen chloride-containing gas Ström emerged, removed from the reactor and the subsequent piping and apparatus and a second process step, which consists of a targeted treatment with an oxygen-containing stream
- the invention relates to a process for the regeneration of a ruthenium or ruthenium compounds-containing catalyst which is poisoned by sulfur in the form of sulfur compounds, characterized in that the catalyst, optionally at elevated temperature, a treatment with a Halogenwas s réelleo ff,
- hydrogen chloride-containing gas Ström is subjected to non-oxidative conditions and additionally, optionally at reduced temperature, subjected to at least two-stage oxidative Nachb e Stuttgart, wherein in a first process step, the catalyst by treatment with a vapor-containing gas ström partially oxidized and in a second process step the catalyst is further oxidized, preferably fully oxidized, by treatment with an oxygen-containing gas stream, the oxygen concentration of which is preferably increased sequentially.
- the term "partially oxidized” is understood to mean, in particular, at least 1% oxidation of the catalyst.
- further oxidation means in particular an oxidation of the catalyst lying above the degree of oxidation of the first oxidative regeneration stage.
- completely oxidized means, in particular, a 100% oxidation of the catalyst.
- ruthenium halides in particular ruthenium chlorides, ruthenium oxyhalides, in particular ruthenium oxychlorides, or ruthenium oxides which may be present singly or in a mixture, hydrogen chloride being preferably used for the regeneration of the chlorine-containing ruthenium compounds for regeneration.
- a small side stream is separated from the main stream to be fed in order to determine the loss of activity and passed through a separate catalyst bed with the same catalyst material, in which a differential conversion is achieved by suitable choice of the contact time.
- a small portion of the catalyst containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds (operating catalyst) removed from the reactor transferred to a separate catalyst bed and determined by a model reaction by suitable choice of the contact time of loss of activity in the differential range of sales.
- Sulfur compounds which can poison (deactivate) catalysts containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds are preferably one or more compounds selected from the series: H.-SO.,. H 2 S0 3 , S0 3 , S0 2 , SOCl 2 , SC1 2 , S 2 C1 2 , CS 2 , COS, II S and salts of H 2 S0 4 and II. -SO ;.
- these sulfur compounds are preferably converted under oxidative conditions into sulfur oxides which are incorporated into the catalyst surface, preferably via bridging oxygen or sulfur-metal bonds. Under reducing conditions, the sulfur is preferably incorporated into the catalyst surface via sulfur metal compounds.
- the sulfur immobilized by the reaction at the catalyst surface can be converted again into volatile sulfur compounds in the form of sulfur compounds, which can be removed from the catalyst surface.
- the non-oxidative regeneration is carried out under elevated temperature, which is understood to mean the treatment at a temperature above the ambient temperature.
- the non-oxidative regeneration is carried out in particular at a temperature up to 600 ° C.
- the regeneration is carried out at a temperature of 200 ° C to 500 ° C, in a particularly preferred embodiment at a temperature of 300 ° C to 450 ° C.
- the regeneration stream in the non-oxidative process step contains hydrogen halide, preferably hydrogen chloride, the hydrogen halide content preferably being 0.1 to 100% by volume.
- the halogen content of the regeneration stream is from 1 to 30% by volume, particularly preferably from 5 to 25% by volume.
- Other constituents of the regeneration stream may in particular be inert gases, e.g. Be nitrogen or argon.
- the elemental hydrogen halide may also be replaced by substances or substanzmis chungen, the hydrogen halide, i. in particular chlorine, fluorine, bromine, or hydrogen iodide under the described regeneration conditions release or substances or mixtures of substances whose hydrogen and halogen functions achieve a comparable effect as elemental hydrogen halide under the described regeneration conditions.
- phosgene is mentioned here.
- Non-oxidative conditions or non-oxidative regeneration are understood here to mean the treatment of the catalyst in a regeneration gas stream which, in particular, has as few oxidizing components as possible.
- the non-oxidative regeneration gas stream contains only a small amount of oxygen, i. in particular at most 1% by volume, preferably at most 0.2% by volume, particularly preferably at most 0.1% by volume of oxygen.
- the regeneration stream contains no oxygen.
- the regeneration period of the first stage is preferably 0.5 hour to 100 hours.
- the optimal regeneration period depends in particular on the sulfur loading, the regeneration temperature and the content of hydrogen chloride in the regeneration flow.
- the regeneration can take place either in one step or at several intervals.
- the regeneration preferably takes place at intervals, the sulfur content and / or the activity of the catalyst being determined between the time intervals.
- the oxidative regeneration or oxidative treatment is carried out under reduced temperature, which is understood to mean the treatment at a temperature below the temperature of the non-oxidative regeneration of the first process step.
- the oxidative aftertreatment is carried out independently of the first stage, in particular at a temperature of up to 600.degree. In a preferred embodiment, the oxidative after-treatment is carried out at a temperature of 200 ° C to 500 ° C, in a particularly preferred embodiment at a temperature of 200 ° C to 400 ° C.
- oxidative treatment is understood to mean the aftertreatment of the catalyst in a regeneration stream which contains oxidizing gases (eg oxygen, steam, N 2 O).
- oxidizing gases eg oxygen, steam, N 2 O.
- the gas Ström of the first process step of the oxidative after-treatment contains steam, wherein the steam content is preferably 0.1 to 100 vol .-%. In a preferred embodiment, the steam content is 20 to 80% by volume, more preferably 40 to 60% by volume.
- Other components of the gas stream may in particular be inert gases, e.g. Be nitrogen or argon.
- the steam can also be replaced by substances or substances which achieve a comparable effect as steam under the conditions described. By way of example, nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is mentioned here.
- the gas flow of the first process step of the oxidative after-treatment contains only a small amount of oxygen in the form of O 2, i. in particular at most 1% by volume, preferably at most 0.2% by volume, particularly preferably at most 0.1% by volume of oxygen.
- the gas Ström of the first process step of the oxidative after-treatment contains no oxygen.
- the duration of the first process step of the oxidative after-treatment is preferably 0.1 hours to 100 hours. In an unnecessarily long first process step, the ruthenium content of the catalyst can be reduced by leaching unwanted.
- the optimal duration The first process step of the post-treatment depends in particular on the sulfur loading, the amount of removed sulfur from the catalyst, the total amount of catalyst and the proportion of chlorinated or oxychlorinated ruthenium compounds or superficially chlorinated or oxychlorinated ruthenium compounds.
- the first process step of the aftertreatment can take place either in one step or at several intervals.
- the gas Ström of the second process step of the oxidative Nachb emaschine contains oxygen (O2), wherein the oxygen content is preferably 0.1 to 100 vol .-%. In a preferred embodiment, the oxygen content is 20 to 80% by volume, particularly preferably 40 to 60% by volume.
- the oxygen content is preferably increased continuously or sequentially, more preferably sequentially, during the second process step. When increasing sequentially, this increase in the oxygen content can take place in any number of steps, preferably in 2 to 10 steps, particularly preferably in 2 to 5 steps.
- Other components of the gas stream may in particular be inert gases, e.g. Be nitrogen or argon.
- the gas stream of the second process step of aftertreatment contains only a small proportion of chlorine in the form of HCl or CI2, i. in particular at most 1% by volume, preferably at most 0.2% by volume, particularly preferably at most 0.1% by volume of chlorine.
- the gas stream of the second process step of the Nachb e Stuttgart neither HCl nor CI2.
- the same conditions HCl and Cl 2 content
- the duration of the second process step of the aftertreatment is preferably 0.1 hours to 100 hours.
- the optimum duration of the second process step of the post-treatment depends in particular on the total amount of catalyst and the proportion of chlorinated or oxychlorinated ruthenium compounds or superficially chlorinated or oxychlorinated ruthenium compounds.
- the second process step of the post-treatment can take place either in one step or at several intervals.
- the gases which can generally be used for post-treatment often contain impurities (of the order of magnitude of ⁇ 1000 ppm), for example, for technical reasons.
- impurities e.g., sulfur in the form of sulfur compounds
- Disturbing impurities are usefully removed from the regeneration gas beforehand.
- the catalyst remains in the reactor during regeneration, in which the catalytic target reaction (in particular the catalytic gas phase oxidation of HCl) is or was carried out.
- the regeneration is carried out in countercurrent to the gas flow direction of the reaction gases of the stated target reaction in order to avoid carryover of discharged sulfur components to weakly or non-poisoned catalyst layers.
- a preferred application is the regeneration of catalysts containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds for the catalyzed gas phase oxidation of chlorine gas with oxygen, since in this case the required apparatus environment for handling hydrogen chloride is already present and the catalyst must withstand during the reaction of a hydrogen chloride atmosphere.
- a preferred application is the regeneration of catalysts whose active component consists mainly of supported ruthenium or ruthenium compounds.
- a particularly preferred application is the regeneration of catalysts containing ruthenium or ruthenium compounds, whose support mainly has a rutile structure.
- Another particularly preferred application is the regeneration of ruthenium or ruthenium-containing catalysts whose supports contain titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide, zirconium oxide or tin dioxide or mixtures thereof.
- a preferred application is catalyst regeneration in the context of a multi-step process for isocyanate production, including catalyzed hydrogen chloride oxidation, whose individual process steps are e.g. B. are known in principle from EP 1867631 AI.
- the novel process is preferably combined with the catalytic gas phase oxidation process known as the Deacon process.
- hydrogen chloride is oxidized with oxygen in an exothermic equilibrium reaction to chlorine, whereby water vapor is obtained.
- the reaction temperature is usually 150 to 500 ° C, the usual reaction pressure is 1 to 25 bar. Since it is a light-weighting reaction, it is expedient to work at as low temperatures as possible at which the catalyst still has sufficient activity.
- oxygen in excess of stoichiometric amounts of hydrogen chloride. For example, a two- to four-fold excess of oxygen is customary. Since no loss of selectivity is to be feared, it may be economically advantageous to work at relatively high pressure and, accordingly, longer residence time than normal pressure.
- the catalytic hydrogen chloride oxidation can be adiabatic or preferably isothermal or approximately isothermal, batchwise, but preferably continuously or as a fixed bed process, preferably as a fixed bed process, more preferably in tube bundle reactors to heterogeneous catalysts at a reactor temperature of 180 to 500 ° C. 200 to 400 ° C, more preferably 220 to 350 ° C and a pressure of 1 to 25 bar (1000 to 25000 hPa), preferably 1.2 to 20 bar, more preferably 1.5 to 17 bar and in particular 2.0 to 15 bar are carried out.
- catalytic hydrogen chloride oxidation is carried out are fixed bed or fluidized bed reactors.
- the catalytic hydrogen chloride oxidation can preferably also be carried out in several stages.
- the conversion of Chlorwas s er sto ff in a single pass may preferably be limited to 15 to 90%, preferably 40 to 90%, particularly preferably 50 to 90%.
- unreacted hydrogen chloride can be partly or completely recycled to the catalytic hydrogen chloride oxidation.
- a plurality of reactors with additional intermediate cooling that is to say 2 to 10, preferably 2 to 6, more preferably 2 to 5, in particular 2 to 3, connected in series.
- the chlorine gas can either be added completely together with the oxygen before the first reactor or distributed over the various reactors.
- This series connection of individual reactors can also be combined in one apparatus.
- a preferred purification method for the catalyst can be realized particularly simply as an in situ process by taking a reactor of the reactor cascade from the Deacon process and subjecting the catalyst contained therein to the regeneration according to the invention.
- Vorrich- Hing is that one uses a structured catalyst packing, in which the catalyst activity increases in the flow direction.
- Such structuring of the catalyst charge can be effected by different impregnation of the catalyst support with active material or by different dilution of the catalyst with an inert material.
- an inert material for example, rings, cylinders or balls of titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide or mixtures thereof, alumina, steatite, ceramic, glass, graphite or stainless steel can be used.
- the inert material should preferably have similar external dimensions.
- Suitable preferred catalysts for the Deacon process include ruthenium oxides, ruthenium chlorides or other ruthenium compounds.
- Suitable support materials are, for example, silicon dioxide, graphite, titanium dioxide having a rutile or anatase structure, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide or mixtures thereof, preferably titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, aluminum oxide or mixtures thereof, particularly preferably ⁇ - or ⁇ -aluminum oxide or mixtures thereof.
- Suitable catalysts can be obtained, for example, by applying ruthenium (III) chloride to the support and then drying or drying and calcining.
- suitable catalysts may also contain compounds of other noble metals, for example gold, palladium, platinum, osmium, iridium, silver, copper or rhenium. Suitable catalysts may further contain chromium (III) oxide.
- the catalysts are suitable as promoters alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, preferably lithium, sodium and potassium, more preferably potassium, alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium, preferably magnesium and calcium, more preferably Magnesium, rare earth metals such as scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium, preferably scandium, yttrium, lanthanum and cerium, more preferably lanthanum and cerium, or mixtures thereof.
- alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium and cesium, preferably lithium, sodium and potassium, more preferably potassium, alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, calcium, strontium and barium, preferably magnesium and calcium, more preferably Magnesium, rare earth metals such as scandium, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium and neodymium, preferably
- Suitable shaped catalyst bodies are shaped bodies with any desired shapes, preference being given to tablets, rings, cylinders, stars, carriage wheels or spheres, particular preference being given to rings, cylinders or star strands as molds.
- the shaped bodies can then be dried at a temperature of 100 to 400 ° C., preferably 100 to 300 ° C., for example under a nitrogen, argon or air atmosphere, and optionally calcined.
- the moldings are first dried at 100 to 150 ° C and then calcined at 200 to 400 ° C.
- Example 1a 200 g of SnC pellets (spherical, diameter about 1.9 mm, Alfa Aesar) were impregnated with a solution of 9.99 g of ruthenium chloride n-hydrate in 33.96 ml of ILO and then mixed for 1 h. The moist solid was then dried at 60 ° C in a muffle furnace (air) for 4 h and then calcined for 16 h at 250 ° C.
- Example lb 100 g TiC pellets (cylindrical, diameter about 2 mm, length 2 to 10 mm, Saint-Gobain) were impregnated with a solution of ruthenium chloride n-hydrate in H 2 O, so that the theoretical Ru content 3 wt .-% amounted to.
- the moist pellets thus obtained were dried overnight at 60 ° C and introduced in a dry state under a nitrogen purge in a solution of NaOH and 25% hydrazine hydrate in water and allowed to stand for 1 h. Excess water was then evaporated.
- the moist pellets were dried for 2 h at 60 ° C and then washed with 4x 300 g of water.
- the moist pellets thus obtained were in the muffle furnace (air) for 20 min. dried at 120 ° C and then calcined for 3 h at 350 ° C.
- Example 2a 0.5 g of the catalyst pellets prepared according to Example la were initially charged in a quartz reaction tube (diameter 10 mm) and at 320 ° C. for 24 hours with a gas mixture 1 (consisting of 2 L / h hydrogen chloride, 1 L / h oxygen, 2 L / h nitrogen and 40 ppm SO2) flows through.
- a gas mixture 1 consististing of 2 L / h hydrogen chloride, 1 L / h oxygen, 2 L / h nitrogen and 40 ppm SO2
- Example 2b 0.5 g of the catalyst pellets prepared according to Example 1b were placed in a quartz reaction tube (diameter 10 mm) and at 320 ° C for 24 hours with a Gas mixture 1 (consisting of 2 L of hydrogen chloride, 1 L / h of oxygen, 2 L / h of nitrogen and 40 ppm SO2) flows through.
- a Gas mixture 1 consisting of 2 L of hydrogen chloride, 1 L / h of oxygen, 2 L / h of nitrogen and 40 ppm SO2 flows through.
- Example 2c 19.5 g of a ruthenium-supported catalyst 1c (TiC support) were introduced into a nickel reaction tube (diameter 16 mm) and for more than 20,000 hours at variable temperatures with a gas mixture (consisting of 1 mol / h HCl, 2 mol / h O 2 , 2 mol / h N 2 ), and loaded over this time with an unknown composition and amount of sulfur components.
- a gas mixture consisting of 1 mol / h HCl, 2 mol / h O 2 , 2 mol / h N 2
- Example 1 1) on ruthenium-supported catalysts (SnO.-Trägyr and TiO.sub.2 carrier).
- Example 1 0.5 g of the non-poisoned catalyst pellets with the designation la and in each case 0.5 g of the catalyst pellets poisoned according to Example 2 with the designation 2a, 2b and 2c were placed in a quartz reaction tube (diameter 10 mm) and after heating in nitrogen (non-poisoned) first subjected to an activity test and for it at 320 ° C for 18 hours with a gas mixture 2 (consisting of 2 L / h HCl, 8 L / h O2 and 10 L / h N2) flows through.
- a gas mixture 2 consististing of 2 L / h HCl, 8 L / h O2 and 10 L / h N2 flows through.
- Example 4 Applying the regeneration conditions from WO 2010 076 296 A1 (regeneration method 2) to supported ruthenium catalysts (SnC support and TiC support) - Comparative Example
- the mixtures were flowed through for 12 h at 400 ° C with the gas mixture 6 (consisting of 1, 54 L / h HCl and 1, 54 L / h 2 ). Thereafter, the mixtures for 0.5 h at 400 ° C with the gas mixture 7 (consisting of 3.08 L / h of artificial air: 21% O2, 79% 2) were flowed through / calcined. Subsequently, the temperature in the gas mixture 7 was lowered to 320 ° C and the lungs (laR2, 2aR2, 2bR2, 2cR2) for 24 h with gas mixture 5 (consisting of 2 L / h HCl, 1 L / h O 2 ) flows through and the Activity determined.
- Example 5 Applying the New Regeneration Conditions (Regeneration Method 3) to Ruthenium Supported Catalysts (SnC Support and TiO 2 Support)
- gas mixture 9 Consisting of 2 L / h of HC and 6.67 L / h of N 2 .
- the temperature was lowered under regeneration conditions to 260 ° C and for 4 h with gas mixture 10 (consisting of steam) flows through.
- the following consecutive, oxidative treatment is carried out at 260 ° C: for 0.5 h gas mixture 11 (consisting of 0.33 L / h O 2 and 2 L h N 2 ), for 0.5 h gas mixture 12 (consisting of 0, 66 L / h O2 and 2 L / h N 2 ), for 1 h gas mixture 13 (consisting of 1.33 L / h O2 and 2 L / h N2), and for 2 h gas mixture 14 (consisting of 2 L / h O2 and 2 L / h N 2 ). Subsequently, the temperature in the gas mixture 8 was increased to 320 ° C.
- Example 6 Applying the New Regeneration Conditions (Regeneration Method 3) to Ruthenium Supported Catalysts (SnOs Support and TiOa Support)
- oxidative treatment was carried out at 260 ° C: for 0.5 h gas mixture 1 1 (consisting of 0.33 L h O2 and 2 L / h N2), for 0.5 h gas mixture 12 (consisting of 0.66 L / h O 2 and 2 L / h N 2 ), for 1 h gas mixture 13 (consisting of 1.33 L / h O 2 and 2 L / h N 2 ), and for 2 h gas mixture 14 (consisting of 2 L / h O2 and 2 L / h N 2 ).
- the temperature in the gas mixture 8 was then increased to 320 ° C.
- gas mixture 8 (consisting of 2 L / h HCl, 1 L / h O 2 and 2 L / h N 2 ) flows through and determines the activity.
- Example 7 Applying the regeneration conditions based on WO 2009 1 18 095 A3 (regeneration method 3) to ruthenium carrier catalysts (SnOa carrier and TiO 2 carrier) - comparative apples
- Regeneration method 1 results in a slight increase in activity (+ 4%) with respect to the poisoned catalyst at a low HCl: O 2 ratio (1: 4) for the freshly prepared and poisoned SnC-supported catalyst (2aRl).
- the regeneration method 1 leads to a greater increase in activity (+16%) with respect to the poisoned catalyst.
- the regeneration method 1 leads to a sharp increase in activity (+ 57%) with respect to the poisoned catalyst.
- the activity increases slightly (+ 7%) in relation to the initial activity according to the regeneration method 1.
- the regeneration method 1 proves to be a suitable method to regenerate ruthenium-supported catalysts operated and restarted at a low HCl: O 2 ratio (1: 4).
- Regeneration method 2 leads to a reduction of the activity (-4 to -19%) with respect to the poisoned catalyst and the initial activity in the non-poisoned catalyst in all investigated ruthenium-supported catalysts. Thus, the regeneration method 2 does not prove to be a suitable method to regenerate supported ruthenium catalysts.
- Example 5
- the regeneration method 3 in the freshly prepared and poisoned SnO.sub .--supported catalyst (2aR.sub.1) leads to a greater increase in activity (+12%) with respect to the poisoned catalyst.
- regeneration method 3 leads to a reduction in activity (-11%) with respect to the poisoned catalyst.
- the regeneration method 3 again leads to a greater increase in the activity (+11%) with respect to the poisoned catalyst.
- the activity increases more (+15%) in relation to the initial activity according to the regeneration method 3.
- the regeneration method 3 proves to be a suitable method to regenerate ruthenium-supported catalysts operated and restarted at a high HCl: O 2 ratio (2: 1).
- the regeneration method 1 and the regeneration method 3 were at high HCl to O; Ratio (2: 1) in terms of sulfur removal and activity compared to regeneration.
- Ratio (2: 1) in terms of sulfur removal and activity compared to regeneration.
- the SnC-supported catalyst has absorbed much more sulfur from poisoning (6600 ppm) than the TiC-supported catalyst (820 ppm).
- the sulfur content in the SnC-supported catalyst has decreased by 600 ppm and in the T1O2-supported catalyst by 220 ppm.
- the sulfur content in the SnC-supported catalyst decreased by 1300 ppm and in the TiC-supported catalyst by 290 ppm.
- both regeneration methods are suitable for removing sulfur from the supported ruthenium catalysts, but regeneration method 3 removes a larger amount of sulfur from the catalysts.
- the regeneration method 3 leads to an activity of 99% based on the initial activity in the non-poisoned catalyst in the SnCV-supported catalyst.
- regeneration method 3 results in an activity of 89% based on the initial activity in the non-poisoned catalyst.
- the regeneration method 1 in the SnC-supported catalyst leads only to an activity of 39% based on the initial activity in the non-poisoned catalyst.
- the regeneration method 1 also leads to an activity of only 3% based on the initial activity in the non-poisoned catalyst.
- regeneration method 1 is suitable for removing sulfur from ruthenium-supported catalysts and for a low HC! To O 2 ratio to regenerate the catalysts, but this is no longer the case with a high HCl to O 2 ratio.
- regeneration method 3 is suitable for removing sulfur from supported ruthenium catalysts and for regenerating the catalysts at both a low and a high HCl to O 2 ratio.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP17172042.8A EP3403723A1 (de) | 2017-05-19 | 2017-05-19 | Verfahren zur regeneration eines vergifteten, ruthenium oder rutheniumverbindungen enthaltenden katalysators |
PCT/EP2018/062417 WO2018210770A1 (de) | 2017-05-19 | 2018-05-14 | Verfahren zur regeneration eines vergifteten, ruthenium oder rutheniumverbindungen enthaltenden katalysators |
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EP3624939A1 true EP3624939A1 (de) | 2020-03-25 |
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EP17172042.8A Withdrawn EP3403723A1 (de) | 2017-05-19 | 2017-05-19 | Verfahren zur regeneration eines vergifteten, ruthenium oder rutheniumverbindungen enthaltenden katalysators |
EP18726095.5A Pending EP3624939A1 (de) | 2017-05-19 | 2018-05-14 | Verfahren zur regeneration eines vergifteten, ruthenium oder rutheniumverbindungen enthaltenden katalysators |
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EP17172042.8A Withdrawn EP3403723A1 (de) | 2017-05-19 | 2017-05-19 | Verfahren zur regeneration eines vergifteten, ruthenium oder rutheniumverbindungen enthaltenden katalysators |
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US (1) | US11389791B2 (de) |
EP (2) | EP3403723A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2020520797A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20200010239A (de) |
CN (1) | CN110621403B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018210770A1 (de) |
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EP3730202A1 (de) * | 2019-04-26 | 2020-10-28 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verfahren zur reinigung von schwefelhaltigen korrosiven prozessgasen |
CN112691706A (zh) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-23 | 中触媒新材料股份有限公司 | 一种乙醇制乙腈催化剂的再生方法 |
JP2023072888A (ja) * | 2021-11-15 | 2023-05-25 | 住友化学株式会社 | 亜酸化窒素分解用触媒の再生方法および亜酸化窒素の分解方法 |
CN115155672A (zh) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-10-11 | 西安近代化学研究所 | 一种氯化氢氧化催化剂的再生方法 |
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GB744049A (en) | 1952-06-27 | 1956-02-01 | Edward Bradford Maxted | Revivification of poisoned metallic catalysts |
DE1065384B (de) * | 1954-09-23 | 1959-09-17 | N. V. De Bataafsche Petroleum Maatschappij, Den Haag | Verfahren zur Aktivierung Platin enthaltender Katalysatoren |
NL6404460A (de) | 1964-04-23 | 1965-10-25 | ||
US3634292A (en) * | 1969-02-06 | 1972-01-11 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Regeneration of a coke-deactivated catalyst comprising a combination of platinum rhenium and halogen with an alumina carrier material |
GB1278119A (en) | 1969-12-02 | 1972-06-14 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Regeneration of deactivated catalyst containing a platinum group component and a sulfur component |
US4851380A (en) | 1986-12-19 | 1989-07-25 | Chevron Research Company | Process for regenerating sulfur contaminated reforming catalysts |
SG67942A1 (en) | 1995-05-18 | 1999-10-19 | Sumitomo Chem Ind | Process for producing chlorine |
CN1213804C (zh) | 2000-09-18 | 2005-08-10 | 大阪瓦斯株式会社 | 一氧化碳去除用催化剂及其活化方法、一氧化碳去除方法及燃料电池系统运行方法 |
US7318915B2 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2008-01-15 | United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Oxidation-reduction catalyst and its process of use |
JP4507615B2 (ja) * | 2004-02-04 | 2010-07-21 | 住友化学株式会社 | 塩素の製造方法 |
HUE027010T2 (en) | 2005-04-05 | 2016-10-28 | Mitsui Chemicals Inc | Process for the preparation of polyisocyanate |
JP4367381B2 (ja) * | 2005-06-29 | 2009-11-18 | 住友化学株式会社 | 塩素製造用触媒の賦活方法及び塩素の製造方法 |
EP1958693A4 (de) * | 2005-11-30 | 2011-08-17 | Sumitomo Chemical Co | Verfahren zur herstellung von geträgertem ruthenium und verfahren zur herstellung von chlor |
JP4785515B2 (ja) | 2005-12-08 | 2011-10-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | 塩素の製造方法 |
US20100303710A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 | 2010-12-02 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Process for producing chlorine |
DE102006024543A1 (de) | 2006-05-23 | 2007-11-29 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Chlor durch Gasphasenoxidation |
DE102008015406A1 (de) * | 2008-03-22 | 2009-09-24 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Regeneration eines mit Schwefel in Form von Schwefelverbindungen vergifteten, Ruthenium oder Rutheniumverbindungen enthaltenden Katalysators |
WO2010076262A1 (de) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-07-08 | Basf Se | Katalysator für die chlorwasserstoffoxidation enthaltend ruthenium und nickel |
JP5642703B2 (ja) * | 2008-12-30 | 2014-12-17 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピアBasf Se | 塩化水素酸化用の酸化ルテニウム含有触媒の再生方法 |
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- 2017-05-19 EP EP17172042.8A patent/EP3403723A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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2018
- 2018-05-14 KR KR1020197033663A patent/KR20200010239A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2018-05-14 US US16/614,062 patent/US11389791B2/en active Active
- 2018-05-14 EP EP18726095.5A patent/EP3624939A1/de active Pending
- 2018-05-14 CN CN201880033205.6A patent/CN110621403B/zh active Active
- 2018-05-14 JP JP2019563445A patent/JP2020520797A/ja not_active Ceased
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US11389791B2 (en) | 2022-07-19 |
US20210154657A1 (en) | 2021-05-27 |
WO2018210770A1 (de) | 2018-11-22 |
JP2020520797A (ja) | 2020-07-16 |
EP3403723A1 (de) | 2018-11-21 |
KR20200010239A (ko) | 2020-01-30 |
CN110621403B (zh) | 2024-01-26 |
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