EP3594367A1 - Verfahren zum gerben der haut eines räucherlachses, und gegerbte haut eines räucherlachses - Google Patents

Verfahren zum gerben der haut eines räucherlachses, und gegerbte haut eines räucherlachses Download PDF

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EP3594367A1
EP3594367A1 EP19186159.0A EP19186159A EP3594367A1 EP 3594367 A1 EP3594367 A1 EP 3594367A1 EP 19186159 A EP19186159 A EP 19186159A EP 3594367 A1 EP3594367 A1 EP 3594367A1
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Prior art keywords
smoked salmon
tanning
skin
smoked
salmon skin
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EP19186159.0A
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French (fr)
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EP3594367B1 (de
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Jean-Marc CASTEIGT
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C13/00—Manufacture of special kinds or leather, e.g. vellum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C14—SKINS; HIDES; PELTS; LEATHER
    • C14C—CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF HIDES, SKINS OR LEATHER, e.g. TANNING, IMPREGNATING, FINISHING; APPARATUS THEREFOR; COMPOSITIONS FOR TANNING
    • C14C3/00—Tanning; Compositions for tanning
    • C14C3/02—Chemical tanning
    • C14C3/08—Chemical tanning by organic agents

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of tanning of fish skins, and more particularly of smoked salmon skins.
  • the invention relates to a tanning process which makes it possible to produce, from a smoked salmon skin, a tanned salmon skin having good aesthetic and functional characteristics.
  • the invention also relates to a tanned salmon skin capable of being obtained by such a process.
  • a very large variety of animal skins is currently tanned, some of which, such as lizard, fish and crocodile skins, can be considered exotic in the sense that they are not very widespread.
  • some of these skins have unique characteristics with, for example, tanned salmon skin which is characterized by typical ornamental patterns which cannot be obtained artificially or from other animals.
  • the skins of fresh animals which mainly contain proteins, are subject to decomposition, in particular by microorganisms.
  • the tanning of animal hides aims to increase the mechanical, chemical and biological stability of tanned hides compared to fresh hides.
  • the tanning processes generally include a main tanning step which is combined with various preparation and finishing steps which can improve the quality of the leather.
  • Smoked salmon is the most commonly produced by-product from Atlantic salmon.
  • the European smoked salmon market was estimated at 323,100 tonnes in 2016.
  • the smoked salmon skin, along with the head and central rib, is one of the main smoked salmon waste.
  • it would constitute a raw material of choice for the manufacture of tanned salmon skin because the salmon was not killed initially for its skin but for its flesh.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a tanning process specially adapted for tanning a smoked salmon skin, said process being moreover environmentally friendly.
  • the invention further aims to provide a tanned smoked salmon skin, said tanned smoked salmon skin being able to be very resistant mechanically, having a quality appearance.
  • Such a tanning process makes it possible, from a smoked salmon skin, to make a leather with mechanical and chemical properties desired by the consumer and this without the use of chromium harmful to man and the environment. While the conventional tanning methods do not work on smoked skin, the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain quality leather despite the prior transformations which have been suffered by the skin during smoking.
  • the invention further relates to a tanned smoked salmon skin capable of being obtained by a tanning process according to the invention having a chromium concentration of less than or equal to 10,000 ppm.
  • the invention is therefore more respectful of the environment and of human health. Indeed, a low concentration of Chromium eliminates the problems associated with ingestion, inhalation, absorption and contact with the skin. Thus, the invention provides better security for operators and consumers by reducing the health risks associated with Chrome.
  • chromium is a pollutant in soils and waters, reducing its use is therefore beneficial for the environment, in particular limiting the impact of Chrome on the environment.
  • a tanned smoked salmon skin according to the invention has a thickness of between 0.4 and 5 mm.
  • the invention further relates to an article comprising a tanned smoked salmon skin according to the invention.
  • Such an article is respectful of the environment and human health while having good physical, mechanical and chemical qualities.
  • nning process means a process consisting in transforming skins into leather by making them more durable and more flexible.
  • a “tanning step” according to the invention is a step of a tanning process aimed at reinforcing the collagen fibers.
  • “Smoking” is understood to mean, within the meaning of the invention, a process by which a salmon, preferably whole and not flaked, is subjected to a product of combustion of certain plants.
  • smoking corresponds to the action of fumes which are released during the combustion of certain plants.
  • it can also include bringing a salmon into contact with a preparation comprising a product of combustion of certain plants.
  • Smoking generally leads to hardening of the salmon skin.
  • the smoked salmon skin according to the invention is therefore a skin which has undergone a smoking step.
  • a tanned smoked salmon skin is therefore a leather made from a smoked salmon skin.
  • Heavy metals is understood to mean, within the meaning of the invention, natural metallic elements whose density is greater than 5 g / cm 3 .
  • the heavy metals within the meaning of the invention are Mercury, Lead, Chromium and Cadmium.
  • Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon within the meaning of the invention means aromatic hydrocarbons, the structure of which comprises at least two condensed aromatic rings.
  • the Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons within the meaning of the invention are selected from: Benzo (a) anthracene, Benzo (b) fluoranthene, Benzo (k) fluoranthene, Benzo (a) pyrene, Inden (1,2,3- cd) pyrene, Dibenzo (a, h) anthracene, Benzo (g, h, i) perylene, Benzo (e) pyrene and Chrysene.
  • soaking means the action of soaking with, of immersing in or of soaking in a solution, the skins of smoked salmon.
  • the soaking can be carried out manually or automatically, for example by means of rotary drums, perforated or not.
  • fats means animal, vegetable, mineral or synthetic oils or fats in the form of a fatty substance which is in the liquid state at ambient temperature and which does not mix not in the water.
  • substantially within the meaning of the invention is meant a value varying by less than 30% relative to the compared value, preferably by less than 20%, even more preferably by less than 10%.
  • aqueous solution means a solution of which the majority constituent is water and for example a solution of which the solvent is water.
  • An aqueous solution within the meaning of the invention may be in the form of an emulsion or a microemulsion.
  • the tanning processes developed for fresh salmon skins do not allow satisfactory results to be obtained on smoked salmon skins.
  • these conventional tanning methods use high concentrations of chromium which it is desirable not to use.
  • the inventor has developed a new method of tanning the skin of salmon specially adapted to salmon having undergone a smoking step.
  • the invention relates to a method for tanning a smoked salmon skin.
  • the salmon skins from which the method according to the invention is implemented are smoked salmon skins. That is to say, they are skins from salmon having undergone a smoking step.
  • Smoking is preferably bringing the salmon skin into contact with smoke, pre-treated or not, which is released during the combustion of certain plants.
  • the fumes used have a reduced concentration of PAHs and in particular of benzo (a) pyrene.
  • the reduction of this PAH concentration can for example be achieved by the use of liquid fumes whose PAH concentrations and in particular benzo (a) pyrene have been reduced.
  • the smoked salmon skins before being tanned according to the tanning process according to the invention, may have undergone manual or enzymatic flaking, preferably manual.
  • the process developed is particularly suitable for smoked salmon skins containing little or no heavy metals.
  • the smoked salmon skin used in the process according to the invention comprises a concentration less than or equal to 1 ppm of heavy metals, more preferably a concentration less than or equal to 0.1 ppm of heavy metals, and even more preferably a concentration less than or equal to 0.05 ppm of heavy metals.
  • the process developed is particularly suitable for smoked salmon skins containing little or no Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs).
  • PAHs Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
  • the smoked salmon skin used in the process according to the invention comprises a concentration less than or equal to 10 ppb of PAH, more preferably a concentration less than or equal to 1 ppb of PAH, and of even more preferably a concentration less than or equal to 0.1 ppb of PAH.
  • the smoked salmon skin used in the process according to the invention has a benzo (a) pyrene concentration of less than or equal to 1 ⁇ g / kg, more preferably less than or equal to 0.1 ⁇ g / kg, and even more preferably less than or equal to 0.05 ⁇ g / kg.
  • the process developed is particularly suitable for smoked salmon skins containing little or no dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls.
  • the smoked salmon skin used in the process according to the invention comprises a concentration less than or equal to 75 ppb of polychlorinated biphenyls, more preferably a concentration less than or equal to 50 ppb of polychlorinated biphenyls, and still more more preferred a concentration less than or equal to 20 ppb of polychlorinated biphenyls.
  • the smoked salmon skin used in the process according to the invention comprises a concentration less than or equal to 20 pg / g of dioxins, more preferably a concentration less than or equal to 5 pg / g of dioxins , and even more preferably a concentration less than or equal to 1 pg / g of dioxins.
  • the contents of heavy metals, PAHs, dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls can preferably be measured according to the recommendations of EC regulation n ° 1881/2006.
  • the contents of compounds are expressed by weight of the tanned salmon skins.
  • this corresponds to the weight of the skinned salmon skins except for the cleaning step where it corresponds to the weight of the salmon skins after smoking and cutting.
  • the method is described here for a salmon skin for reasons of simplification.
  • the method according to the invention is preferably used on a plurality of salmon skins as presented in the examples.
  • the method according to the invention may include a first cleaning step 110.
  • the aim of this step is in particular to remove dirt, flesh residues and smoking residues from smoked salmon skins.
  • This cleaning step 110 may include soaking the smoked salmon skins in an aqueous solution comprising at least one disinfectant and at least one detergent.
  • the aqueous solution is preferably at a temperature between 10 and 20 ° C.
  • the disinfectant can for example be a bactericidal compound.
  • the bactericidal compound is for example selected from: formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, succinic aldehyde, hypochlorites, quaternary ammoniums, alcohols such as ethanol and isopropanol, and their mixtures.
  • the disinfectant can be used at a content of between 0.1% and 10% by weight relative to the weight of the skin of smoked salmon.
  • the detergent can be an ionic or nonionic detergent.
  • the detergent is a nonionic detergent.
  • the nonionic detergent is for example selected from: glycol esters such as ethylene glycol stearate, glycerol esters such as glycerol stearate, polyoxyethylene glycol esters, sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters such as Tween 20®, phenol esters such as newts and Triton-X100®, and mixtures thereof.
  • the detergent can be used at a content of between 0.1% and 10% by weight relative to the weight of the smoked salmon skin.
  • the method according to the invention may include a liming step 120 of smoked salmon skins.
  • the purpose of this step is to destroy fatty bonds and prevent the leather from hardening. This step is preferably carried out after a cleaning step 110.
  • This liming step 120 may include soaking the smoked salmon skins in an aqueous solution comprising sodium sulfide and calcium hydroxide.
  • the aqueous solution is preferably at a temperature between 10 and 20 ° C.
  • sodium sulfide can be used at a content between 1% and 10% by weight of smoked salmon skin and calcium hydroxide can be used at a content between 1% and 10% by weight relative to the weight of the smoked salmon skin.
  • the aqueous solution used during the liming stage can comprise sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS).
  • NaHS sodium hydrogen sulfide
  • the sodium hydrogen sulfide can be added at a content of between 0.1% and 10% by weight relative to the weight of the smoked salmon skin, preferably between at a content of between 0.5% and 5% by weight. relative to the weight of the smoked salmon skin.
  • the method according to the invention may include a deliming step 130 of the smoked salmon skins.
  • the deliming step removes a large part of the lime used in the liming process from the leather. This step is preferably carried out after a liming step 120.
  • this deliming step 130 may include the soaking of limed smoked salmon skins in an aqueous solution comprising an organic acid, and a detergent.
  • the aqueous solution is preferably at a temperature between 10 and 20 ° C.
  • the organic acid is preferably a carboxylic or dicarboxylic acid.
  • the organic acid is for example selected from: formic acid, acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, benzoic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid and their mixtures.
  • the organic acid can be added at a content of between 0.1% and 10% by weight relative to the weight of the smoked salmon skin.
  • the detergent can be an ionic or nonionic detergent.
  • the detergent is a nonionic detergent.
  • the nonionic detergent is for example selected from: glycol esters such as ethylene glycol stearate, glycerol esters such as glycerol stearate, polyoxyethylene glycol esters, sorbitan esters, polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters such as Tween 20®, phenol esters such as newts and Triton-X100®, and mixtures thereof.
  • the detergent can be added at a content of between 0.1% and 10% by weight relative to the weight of the smoked salmon skin.
  • the deliming step can be carried out with or without stirring. Preferably, it lasts at least an hour and can last up to several days. Advantageously, the deliming step can be repeated one or more times.
  • the method according to the invention may include a step of softening 140 the smoked salmon skins.
  • the softening step 140 has in particular the objective of producing a supple leather for example by altering the structure of collagen.
  • proteolytic enzymes can be used. It is carried out before the pickling stage 150 and in the presence of a liming stage 120, it is carried out between the deliming stage 130 and the pickling stage 150.
  • protease is an enzyme capable of cutting the peptide bonds of peptides or proteins.
  • the protease used in the softening step can be an endopeptidase or an exopeptidase such as an aminopeptidase or a carboxypeptidase.
  • the protease is for example selected from: serine proteases such as trypsin or chymotrypsin, cysteine proteases, acid proteases such as pepsin, metalloproteases, threonine proteases, glutamic acid proteases, and mixtures thereof .
  • the protease can be added at a content of between 0.001% and 10% by weight relative to the weight of the skin of smoked salmon, preferably at a content of between 0.001% and 5% by weight relative to the weight of the skin of smoked salmon.
  • the softening step 140 can be carried out with or without agitation. Preferably, it lasts at least an hour and can last up to several days. Advantageously, the softening step 140 can be repeated one or more times.
  • the method according to the invention may include a step of picking 150 of the smoked salmon skins.
  • the purpose of the pickling step 150 is in particular to lower the pH of the smoked salmon skin and to prepare it for receiving the tannins. It is carried out before the tanning step 160 and in the presence of a liming step 120, it is carried out between the deliming step 130 and the tanning step 160.
  • This pickling step 150 may include soaking the smoked salmon skins, preferably limed, in an aqueous solution comprising sodium chloride.
  • the aqueous solution is preferably at a temperature between 10 and 20 ° C.
  • the soaking is preferably carried out with stirring until reaching a density in degree of Baumé greater than 10 and preferably until reaching a density in degree of Baumé between 10.5 and 15, preferably at a temperature of 15 ° C.
  • the Baumé scale is used to express density and density. It can be obtained via correspondence tables with densimetric degrees.
  • the soaking can be followed by the addition of sodium chlorite in the aqueous solution.
  • Sodium chlorite can be added at a content of between 0.1% and 10% by weight relative to the weight of the skin of smoked salmon.
  • the pickling step can also comprise the addition to the aqueous solution of sodium thiosulfate, preferably at a content sufficient to neutralize the chlorine dioxide formed during the addition of sodium chlorite.
  • Sodium thiosulfate can for example be used at a content of between 0.1% and 5% by weight relative to the weight of the skin of smoked salmon.
  • sodium chlorite can advantageously take place before the acidification and the sodium thiosulfate is then added after the acidification.
  • the pickling step 150 comprises soaking the smoked salmon skins in a solution comprising an organic acid and sodium chloride.
  • the tanning step 160 may also include a step of increasing the pH of the aqueous solution to a pH of at least 5. This increase in pH is preferably carried out by the gradual addition of baking soda.
  • the tanning step 160 further comprises a second soaking 162 of the smoked salmon skin in a solution comprising hydrogen peroxide.
  • This second soaking 162 can be carried out by adding hydrogen peroxide to the aqueous solution of the first soaking 161 or, preferably, include the preparation of a second aqueous solution comprising hydrogen peroxide and the soaking of the smoked salmon skin in this second aqueous solution.
  • the salmon skin is preferably drained between the two soaking.
  • the aqueous solution for the second soaking 162 preferably has a pH greater than or equal to 5.
  • the hydrogen peroxide can be added at a content of between 0.01% and 5% by weight relative to the weight of the salmon skin smoked, preferably at a content of between 0.1% and 2% by weight relative to the weight of the smoked salmon skin.
  • This retanning step 170 of the smoked salmon skin is carried out using a tanning agent of natural origin, preferably using a tannin of vegetable origin.
  • the retanning step 170 of the smoked salmon skin can be carried out by soaking in an aqueous solution comprising a tanning agent of vegetable origin.
  • the aqueous solution is preferably at a temperature between 15 and 55 ° C.
  • the retanning step 170 can comprise the addition of dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone to the aqueous solution.
  • the dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone can be added at a content of between 1% and 50% by weight relative to the weight of the skin of smoked salmon, preferably at a content comprised between 1% and 40% by weight relative to the weight of the skin. smoked salmon.
  • the aqueous solution comprising the tanning agent of vegetable origin can also comprise one or more synthetic tannins. More preferably, the aqueous solution comprising the tanning agent of vegetable origin can also comprise one or more synthetic tannins, also called replacement syntans, resulting from the polycondensation of molecules selected from: phenols, naphthols, dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone, naphthalenes, sulfonic phenols, benzene sulfonic acids and mixtures thereof.
  • synthetic tannins also called replacement syntans
  • the retanning step 170 may also include adding at least one elastomeric polymer to the aqueous solution.
  • the retanning step 170 can also comprise the addition of at least one (meth) acrylic polymer to the aqueous solution.
  • the (meth) acrylic polymer may for example have been formed at least in part from acrylates such as methylacrylate or ethylacrylate and / or methacrylates such as methyl methacrylate.
  • the (meth) acrylic polymer has been formed at least at 50% by weight of acrylates or methacrylates.
  • the (meth) acrylic polymer can be added at a content of between 1% and 15% by weight relative to the weight of the smoked salmon skin, preferably at a content of between 1% and 10% by weight relative to the weight of the smoked salmon skin.
  • the aqueous solutions used in the context of the process according to the invention for example during the tanning and retanning steps, have a formaldehyde concentration of less than or also 10,000 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 1,000 ppm and even more preferably less than or equal to 500 ppm.
  • the fats can be fats, or oils, natural or synthetic. Natural fats are preferably from animals or plants which can, for example, be selected from: castor oil, linseed oil, coconut oil, palm oil, oil soy, olive oil, beef fat and their mixtures.
  • the fats can be used at a content of between 1% and 20% by weight relative to the weight of the skin of smoked salmon, preferably at a content of between 2% and 15% by weight relative to the weight of the skin of smoked salmon.
  • the fats can then comprise at least one fatty acid in esterified form.
  • This improves the suppleness of a tanned smoked salmon skin.
  • the fattening step 180 can comprise the addition of at least one fatty acid in esterified form to the aqueous solution.
  • the fatty acid in esterified form can, for example, form a phospholipid, a glyceride or even a sulphonated fatty acid.
  • the fatty acid can be saturated or unsaturated and substituted or unsubstituted.
  • the fatty acid generally has a number of carbon atoms between 4 and 28.
  • the fatty acid in esterified form can be added at a content of between 1% and 15% by weight relative to the weight of the salmon skin smoked, preferably at a content of between 1% and 10% by weight relative to the weight of the smoked salmon skin.
  • the fats used in the fattening stage can also be fats which have undergone processing to improve their stability and / or their interaction with tanned smoked salmon skin.
  • the fats can advantageously be fats that have undergone a transformation and correspond to compounds selected from: sulfonated fats, sulfated fats, phosphate fats, phosphonated fats.
  • the fats can correspond to a compound selected from: sulfated olein, sulfonated olein, sulfated lecithin, and mixtures thereof.
  • the aqueous solution comprising one or more fats is in the form of an emulsion, and more preferably a microemulsion.
  • the fattening step 180 can be carried out with or without stirring, preferably with stirring. Preferably, it lasts at least an hour and can last up to several days. Advantageously, the fattening step 180 can be repeated one or more times. Following this fattening step, the smoked salmon skins can be drained, rinsed and then dried.
  • the drying process that can be used is vacuum drying.
  • This vacuum drying can be done by positioning the leather between two plates heated, for example at a temperature between 25 ° C and 75 ° C.
  • This vacuum drying can advantageously be preceded by a calendering step so as to remove a majority of the moisture contained in the tanned smoked salmon skin.
  • the invention relates to a tanned smoked salmon skin capable of being obtained by the method according to the invention.
  • the process was specially adapted to transform a smoked salmon skin into a quality leather and this objective is achieved as will be presented in the examples.
  • the smoked salmon leather according to the invention, or tanned smoked salmon skin has better characteristics than conventional fish leathers, from the point of view of breaking strength, its elasticity and these chemical properties.
  • the invention then also relates to a tanned smoked salmon skin obtained by the method according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to a tanned smoked salmon skin capable of being obtained by the process according to the invention having a chromium concentration less than or equal to 10,000 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 5,000 ppm, so more preferably less than or equal to 1000 ppm and even more preferably less than or equal to 100 ppm.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a skin of which the amount of Chromium VI is not detectable by conventional methods.
  • the invention also relates to a tanned smoked salmon skin capable of being obtained by the process according to the invention having a chromium VI concentration of less than or equal to 1 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 100 ppb, and of more preferably less than or equal to 10 ppb.
  • the chromium concentration is preferably measured according to standard NF EN ISO 17072-2 04-2011.
  • the invention relates to a tanned smoked salmon skin capable of being obtained by the process according to the invention, which may have a concentration of heavy metals less than or equal to 20,000 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 10,000 ppm , more preferably less than or equal to 1000 ppm and even more preferably less than or equal to 100 ppm.
  • concentration of heavy metals is preferably measured according to standard NF EN ISO 17072-2 04-2011.
  • the invention relates to a tanned smoked salmon skin capable of being obtained by the method according to the invention and having a higher resistance to rupture in the direction of the length (direction of the scales) or equal to 10 N / mm 2 , preferably greater than or equal to 15 N / mm 2 and more preferably greater than or equal to 20 N / mm 2 .
  • the breaking strength is preferably measured according to standard NF EN ISO 3376 01-2012.
  • the invention also relates to a tanned smoked salmon skin capable of being obtained by the method according to the invention and having a breaking strength measured according to standard NF EN ISO 3376 01-2012 in the direction of the width (perpendicular in the sense of scales) greater than or equal to 15 N / mm 2 , preferably greater than or equal to 20 N / mm 2 and more preferably greater than or equal to 25 N / mm 2 .
  • the smoked salmon leather according to the invention has great flexibility.
  • the invention relates to a tanned smoked salmon skin capable of being obtained by the process according to the invention and having a percentage of elongation at break measured according to standard NF EN ISO 3376 01-2012 lengthwise (direction of scales) greater than or equal to 65%, preferably greater than or equal to 70% and more preferably greater than or equal to 75%.
  • the smoked salmon leather according to the invention preferably has a thickness that is substantially constant over its entire surface.
  • the thickness is generally between 0.1 and 10 mm, preferably between 0.4 and 5 mm and more preferably it is substantially equal to 0.6 mm.
  • the cut of the smoked salmon skin is done in such a way as to include part of the pulpit of the smoked salmon.
  • the tanning process according to the invention is such that it is less aggressive than other tanning processes and allows the leather to retain a significant thickness. Thus, it is possible to reach thicknesses greater than conventional thicknesses.
  • the thickness of the tanned smoked salmon skin according to the invention is therefore preferably between 1 and 10 mm, preferably between 1.5 and 6 mm and more preferably it is substantially equal to 2 mm.
  • the thickness is preferably measured according to standard EN ISO 2589: 2006.
  • the invention relates to an article comprising a tanned smoked salmon skin according to the invention.
  • the article can for example be selected from a garment, a shoe, or an article of leather goods such as bag, wallet, purse, belt, binding or jewel.
  • the article can be selected from: a case for tablets or for a mobile phone, an orthopedic sole, a key ring, a watch strap, a piece of jewelry such as a necklace, a jacket diary, a cover of book, pencil case, leather box, suitcase, wallet, bag, pocket, shoulder strap, shoe, briefcase, for example briefcase type, harness, label, leather strap, a box, a wallet, a strap for the saddlery, a briefcase, a handbag, a piece of furniture or furniture covering, a key case, a card holder, a cover for travel clothes, a jumpsuit, vest, pants, slipper, suit, coat, jacket, hat, belt, leggings, sandal and glove.
  • a case for tablets or for a mobile phone an orthopedic sole, a key ring, a watch strap, a piece of jewelry such as a necklace, a jacket diary, a cover of book, pencil case, leather box, suitcase, wallet, bag, pocket, shoulder strap, shoe, briefcase, for example briefcase type, harness
  • Table 1 Measurement in smoked salmon skin Reference value Mercury 0.027 mg / kg ⁇ 0.5 mg / kg Lead ⁇ 0.0050 mg / kg ⁇ 0.3 mg / kg Cadmium ⁇ 0.0017 mg / kg ⁇ 0.05 mg / kg Benzo (a) pyrene ⁇ 0.05 ⁇ g / kg ⁇ 2 ⁇ g / kg Benzo (a) anthracene + Benzo (a) fluoranthene + Benzo (a) pyrene + Chrysene ⁇ 0.10 ⁇ g / kg ⁇ 12 ⁇ g / kg Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (ICES-6) 9 ng / g ⁇ 75 ng / g Sum of dioxins and polychlorobiphenyls of dioxin type (WHO-PCDD / PCBTEQ) 0.817 pg / g g
  • 100 kg of smoked salmon skins are cleaned in 1000 L of water comprising 4 kg of Triton X100 ® for 20 hours. They are then drained, skinned and weighed.
  • the deliming step is carried out in 400 L of water comprising 1 kg of formic acid, 1 kg of acetic acid, and 0.1 kg of Tween 20®. After 24 hours, the salmon skins undergo a softening step following the addition of a solution of trypsin to the aqueous solution for the equivalent of 100 grams of trypsin. After two hours with stirring, the salmon skins are drained.
  • the pickling step is carried out in 400 L of water at 15 ° C by adding sodium chloride until a Baumé density of 11 is reached, after which 2 kg of sodium chlorite are added to the aqueous solution and then the the whole is stirred for 30 minutes.
  • Formic acid is then added until a pH of 3 is reached before adding 500 grams of sodium thiosulphate.
  • the tanning step is carried out in 400 L of water at pH 3 by adding 5 kg of tetrakis (hydroxymethyl) phosphonium chloride.
  • the salmon skins are drained and then introduced into a solution comprising 500 grams of hydrogen peroxide.
  • the salmon skins are drained. They are then introduced into an aqueous solution at pH 4, then drained and dried.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to produce quality leather, from available smoked salmon skins.
  • the process developed uses little or no chromium and is therefore more respectful of the environment and consumers than the processes conventionally used for non-smoked fish skins.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Treatment And Processing Of Natural Fur Or Leather (AREA)
EP19186159.0A 2018-07-12 2019-07-12 Verfahren zum gerben der haut eines räucherlachses, und gegerbte haut eines räucherlachses Active EP3594367B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1856450A FR3083805B1 (fr) 2018-07-12 2018-07-12 Procede de tannage d'une peau de saumon fumee et peau de saumon fumee tannee

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EP3594367A1 true EP3594367A1 (de) 2020-01-15
EP3594367B1 EP3594367B1 (de) 2021-02-17

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EP19186159.0A Active EP3594367B1 (de) 2018-07-12 2019-07-12 Verfahren zum gerben der haut eines räucherlachses, und gegerbte haut eines räucherlachses

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EP (1) EP3594367B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2863428T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3083805B1 (de)
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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0285738A1 (de) 1986-03-07 1988-10-12 I.B.D. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT s.r.l. Verfahren zum Gerben von Fischhäuten
EP0575632A1 (de) 1992-06-25 1993-12-29 Josowic, Ingrid Verfahren zur Gerbung von Fischhäuten
EP0808908A1 (de) * 1996-05-25 1997-11-26 SÜDLEDER GmbH & Co. Leder und dessen Herstellung
EP1045039A1 (de) 1999-04-15 2000-10-18 Alexander Dr. Harsanyi Verfahren zur Lederherstellung aus Fischhaut

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0285738A1 (de) 1986-03-07 1988-10-12 I.B.D. INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT s.r.l. Verfahren zum Gerben von Fischhäuten
EP0575632A1 (de) 1992-06-25 1993-12-29 Josowic, Ingrid Verfahren zur Gerbung von Fischhäuten
EP0808908A1 (de) * 1996-05-25 1997-11-26 SÜDLEDER GmbH & Co. Leder und dessen Herstellung
EP1045039A1 (de) 1999-04-15 2000-10-18 Alexander Dr. Harsanyi Verfahren zur Lederherstellung aus Fischhaut

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ZENGIN, A.BASARAN, B.KARAVANA, H.MUTLU, M.BITLISLI, B.GAIDAU, C.NICULESCU, M.MAEREANU, M.: "Fish Skins: Valuable Resources for Leather Industry", XXXIII IULTCS CONGRESS, 2015

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ES2863428T3 (es) 2021-10-11
PT3594367T (pt) 2021-04-19
EP3594367B1 (de) 2021-02-17
FR3083805A1 (fr) 2020-01-17
FR3083805B1 (fr) 2020-07-24

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