EP3582870A1 - Kraftstofffilter mit organoton, reinigungskartusche mit organoton und verwendung - Google Patents
Kraftstofffilter mit organoton, reinigungskartusche mit organoton und verwendungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3582870A1 EP3582870A1 EP18705618.9A EP18705618A EP3582870A1 EP 3582870 A1 EP3582870 A1 EP 3582870A1 EP 18705618 A EP18705618 A EP 18705618A EP 3582870 A1 EP3582870 A1 EP 3582870A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cleaning
- fuel
- organoclay
- fuel filter
- medium
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D36/00—Filter circuits or combinations of filters with other separating devices
- B01D36/003—Filters in combination with devices for the removal of liquids
- B01D36/008—Means to filter or treat the separated liquid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/02—Separation of non-miscible liquids
- B01D17/0202—Separation of non-miscible liquids by ab- or adsorption
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D17/00—Separation of liquids, not provided for elsewhere, e.g. by thermal diffusion
- B01D17/08—Thickening liquid suspensions by filtration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/12—Naturally occurring clays or bleaching earth
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/049—Pillared clays
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3078—Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/3085—Chemical treatments not covered by groups B01J20/3007 - B01J20/3078
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/50—Aspects relating to the use of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/62—In a cartridge
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/002—Construction details of the apparatus
- C02F2201/006—Cartridges
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a fuel filter according to the preamble of claim 1, and a cleaning cartridge according to the preamble of claim 1 1, a use of an organoclay and a method for removing hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures from water.
- a filter system with water separation device is known from DE 10 2016 002 264.7.
- activated carbon is used as an ad- and / or absorbing medium for fuel components from the separated water. This has proven to be favorable for various applications.
- Typical diesel fuel is only soluble in water at approx. 5 mg / l, if this value is exceeded, the water is saturated, no more diesel is dissolved and emulsification takes place.
- Such diesel-water emulsions are not or only to a small extent cleansable by activated carbon, there is therefore an urgent need to undertake a purification by an alternative active material with which also diesel fuel, which is present as an emulsion, can be removed.
- the invention solves this object both by a fuel filter having the features of claim 1 and by a cleaning cartridge having the features of claim 1 1, by a use according to the invention with the features of claim 12 and by a method having the features of claim 16 ,
- a fuel filter according to the invention is suitable for filtering a media stream comprising a first and a second medium.
- the first medium may preferably be water and the second medium may be a diesel fuel.
- fuel is preferably understood as meaning a mixture of various hydrocarbons, in particular diesel fuels and biodiesel fuels for use in internal combustion engines.
- a typical diesel fuel usually contains kerosene, various types of distillate fractions and currently several percent by volume of biodiesel and various additives (in the ppm range).
- oils and fats are not covered by the definition of a diesel fuel.
- the fuel filter according to the invention has a separating device for separating a first medium from a medium stream, which comprises a first and a second medium.
- the fuel filter has a cleaning device for receiving a portion of the second medium in the deposited first medium, which is arranged upstream of a discharge opening for the second medium from the fuel filter and which has a cleaning and / or adsorbing cleaning material.
- the cleaning material has an organoclay as an active ingredient or consists of the organoclay.
- an active ingredient in the context of the present invention is a constituent which is attached to the adsorption or absorption z. B. is involved in diesel fuel.
- an organoclay can be arranged as a ab- and / or adsorptive material in a cleaning material for receiving at least a portion of the second medium in the first medium.
- This cleaning material with the organoclay as an active ingredient or from organoclay can be arranged, for example, within a filter system housing or, more particularly, also in a filter element.
- the filter system is particularly suitable for the separation of diesel fuel residues in separated water, especially if a diesel-in-water emulsion is present; however, dissolved diesel fuel is also separable.
- the organoclay is present as a bed, for example in the form of a granulate, the mean particle diameter of at least 50% by weight of the organ sound being greater than 50 ⁇ m and less than 1000 ⁇ m. This avoids too high a flow resistance, which can result from finer particles. Thus, the flowability of the bed is guaranteed under operating conditions and blocking excluded.
- the mean particle diameter of at least 50% by weight of the organ sound can be less than 800 ⁇ m. These average particle sizes, according to the particularly preferred embodiment, statistically more than half of the organoclay particles.
- the mean particle diameter for a mass-related d50 particle size distribution of the organoclay particles can be between 100 and 800 ⁇ m, in particular between 200 and 700 ⁇ m.
- the mean particle diameter can be determined by laser diffractometry and refers to a volume-weighted average of all diameters of an irregularly shaped particle.
- the diesel fuel may contain free water, which must be largely removed before the fuel enters the injection system. This is possible via a fuel filter according to the invention.
- Modern ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) fuels contain numerous additives that, unlike fuels with low or zero additive content, make the drop sizes that occur very small and therefore more difficult to remove.
- the average droplet diameter of the water drops is typically between 10 ⁇ and 60 ⁇ .
- the current test standard (ISO 16332, 2018) therefore provides 10 ⁇ as a test condition for the fuel delivery pump downstream filter systems.
- To separate these fine drops of water from the diesel multistage filter systems are necessary. After the separation process, the separated water still contains finely divided diesel droplets.
- the average diameter of the diesel drops in the water phase is, inter alia, by the stabilization by means of surface-active components of certain additives to less than 10 ⁇ . This emulsion does not separate on its own in a practice-relevant period of time.
- the organoclay may be disposed within the fuel filter such that interchangeability of the organoclay and renewal of the adsorptive capacity of the fuel filter is possible.
- the saturated organoclay can be regenerated after the exchange; B. by heating the clay and possibly by a repeated treatment with an organic cation solution.
- the organoclay may advantageously have a widened layer structure.
- An expanded layer structure of a clay (English: pillared clay) can be achieved by exchanging ions in the intermediate layer of a layer structure of a clay.
- the ions, in particular inorganic cations, which occur in natural clay by foreign ions, eg. B. by added salts, in particular by supplied organic salt solutions.
- the layer spacings of different clay samples can be determined.
- the organoclay in particular at least one organic component of the organoclone, may advantageously have alkyl groups, preferably methyl groups. Alternatively or in addition to the methyl groups, it is also preferable to provide ethyl groups or other alkyl groups.
- the organic component, especially the alkyl groups may / may be in the form of organic cations, e.g. B. quaternary alkylammonium ions, embedded in the intermediate layers of the organoclays.
- the organoclay may preferably have a layered silicate.
- the phyllosilicate forms at least 50% by weight of the organoclute.
- the organoclay may also consist of a layered silicate.
- the layered silicate can be formed as a layered silicate of the smectite and / or montmorillonite group which has been organically modified in such a way that at least one intermediate layer of the abovementioned layered silicate is an organic cation, preferably several identical organic cations, in particular quaternary alkylammonium cations, having.
- a corresponding classification of individual clays of the smectite and / or montmorillonite group can be found in the 8th edition of the technical literature "Mineral Systematik nach Strunz.”
- the following table shows a number of preferred surface-active compounds which are useful for the organofunctionalization of clay, eg. Smectites, are usable.
- the organoclay may alternatively be arranged in the fuel filter, preferably in the cleaning device, as a shaped body or coating.
- a large overflow area is provided for separating the second medium, in particular the diesel fuel.
- the shaped bodies can have an open-pored structure, in order thus to produce a lower flow resistance with respect to the media flow.
- the cleaning material may comprise at least one further material, in particular an inert material, in particular a glass, a ceramic, sand, and / or another active material, in particular a zeolite and / or activated carbon, which is preferably uniformly embedded in the organoclay is and / or associated with this.
- an inert material in particular a glass, a ceramic, sand, and / or another active material, in particular a zeolite and / or activated carbon, which is preferably uniformly embedded in the organoclay is and / or associated with this.
- a further active material in particular one of the abovementioned active materials, the adsorption and / or absorption of other substances contained in the medium stream, ie other media, eg. B. a third medium, are optimized by the cleaning material.
- the FT-IR spectra (Fourier transform infrared spectra) of the organoclone have characteristic hydrocarbon bands in the range 1300 cm 1 to 1600 cm 1 and / or 2700 cm 1 to 3100 cm 1 . These characteristic hydrocarbon bands are formed by the organic modification of a natural clay, ie a natural clay does not exhibit these bands visible as peaks in the IR spectrogram.
- the latter has downstream of the separating device a collecting space for the separated first medium, which is preferably arranged at a position lying geodetically below the separating device, the collecting space having an outlet has, which is fluidly connected to the cleaning device.
- the designation of the position of the collecting space can preferably also be defined in the vertical direction below the separating device.
- the collecting space can be designed, for example, as a so-called bowl (English, for shell).
- the collecting space has an internal division, so that, for example, a geodetic upper part is provided for the unpurified first medium and in a geodetic lower part the first medium purified from the second medium is collected, wherein between the geodesically lower and upper part of the collecting space is the cleaning device.
- the cleaning device may preferably be arranged within a filter system housing associated with the fuel filter.
- the discharge opening for the second medium may advantageously be present below the collecting space, particularly preferably on or in the filter system housing.
- the cleaning device can be arranged outside the filter system housing in a cleaning module assigned to the fuel filter, which has a housing with an inlet and an outlet, wherein an exchangeable cleaning cartridge likewise assigned to the fuel filter is preferably arranged in the housing of the cleaning module ,
- the cleaning material is arranged with the Organoton in this particular variant of the invention.
- the flow direction of the medium flow through the cleaning cartridge can preferably run counter to the direction of gravity in order to allow a uniform flow and venting of the cartridge and thereby to obtain a particularly good adsorption and / or Adsoprtion.
- a realization of the flow direction of the medium flow in the direction of gravity in the context of the present invention is also possible.
- a cleaning cartridge which is suitable for a fuel filter according to the invention, wherein in the cleaning cartridge, a cleaning material with an organoclay as an active ingredient, in particular an organoclay as it is used in the fuel filter according to the invention is arranged.
- the cleaning cartridge can be used to separate diesel fuel from water.
- the cleaning cartridge is here, z. B. in the case of saturation of the organoclone, interchangeable.
- cleaning cartridges which are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction.
- z For example, a pre-adsorption by a cleaning cartridge and a Nachadsorption and / or Ad- by a downstream second cleaning cartridge.
- z. B third medium.
- the cleaning cartridges can be exchanged, for example, in different exchange cycles or the cleaning cartridge of the post-adsorption can be used in replacement as a cleaning cartridge for the pre-adsorption. This optimally utilizes the cleaning material in the cleaning cartridge.
- a method for reducing at least a portion of the second medium in the first medium may comprise the following steps:
- the time periods between the respective steps a) -c) can be chosen as long as desired.
- the provisioning according to step a) and the arranging according to step b) can take place in the factory and the feeding can take place in the area of any internal combustion engine.
- step i. and step ii. the addition of an inorganic salt compound can take place.
- the cations of the natural clay mineral are exchanged by the cations of the salt compound. Then it is easier to exchange these cations with the organic cations.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of an organoclay for separating a fuel-contaminated water fraction, which is at least partially present as a fuel-water emulsion, in a fuel filter, preferably, but not limited to, a fuel filter according to the present invention.
- the fuel filter can be advantageous in any vehicle, eg. B. in a motor vehicle, in particular in a road vehicle, a mobile work machine, a watercraft, in particular in a ship, an aircraft to be used.
- the fuel filter may be present on an internal combustion engine that is used stationary. The use preferably takes place in such a way that at least part of the fuel in the fuel-water emulsion has a droplet size of less than 50 ⁇ m, preferably less than 10 ⁇ m.
- the use can be made such that a reduction of the fuel content in the fuel-contaminated water by at least 95%, based on weight% occurs.
- the initial concentration of the fuel, in particular the diesel fuel in water is between 200 to 2500 ppm.
- the concentration of the diesel fuel in water after the application of the organoclay may particularly preferably be below 10 ppm, typically between 2 and 8 ppm.
- Residual diesel components dissolved in water can also advantageously be removed by means of an activated carbon filter connected downstream of the cleaning device.
- an activated carbon filter connected downstream of the cleaning device.
- a final aspect of the invention relates to a process for removing hydrocarbons or hydrocarbon mixtures from water obtained from a fuel filter of a vehicle or an internal combustion engine.
- the process is carried out using a cleaning material having an organoclay as the active ingredient, wherein the mean residence time of the media stream to be purified in the cleaning material is 15 to 40 minutes, preferably 25 to 35 minutes.
- a sufficient adsorption of diesel fuel is to be expected in the case of the particle size of the organoclone according to the invention between 50 ⁇ m and 1000 ⁇ m.
- Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a fuel filter in side view with a cleaning module according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows the fuel filter with the cleaning module from FIG. 2 in plan view
- FIG. FIG. 3 shows the fuel filter with cleaning module from FIG. 1 with a removed cleaning cartridge
- Fig. 5 is a thermogravimetric diagram
- FIG. 7 shows comparative measurements of the adsorption capacities between activated carbon and organoclay
- FIG. 8 a SEM image of a natural clay (bentonite);
- FIG. and FIG. 8b SEM image of an organoclone;
- FIG. 7 shows comparative measurements of the adsorption capacities between activated carbon and organoclay
- FIG. 8 a SEM image of a natural clay (bentonite);
- FIG. and FIG. 8b SEM image of an organoclone;
- Fig. 9 Typical sum distribution of droplet sizes of diesel in water after the separation of the water from the diesel by means of a particular multi-stage fuel filter;
- FIG. 10 shows a cumulative distribution of the particle sizes of an organoclay bed of a fuel filter according to the invention.
- diesel and diesel are used synonymously as well as the terms organoclay and organoclay.
- the cleaning device is designed as an external cleaning device, namely as a cleaning module 10 for cleaning a medium flow contaminated with a second medium of a first medium for a fuel filter, wherein the first medium Water and the second medium is diesel fuel, wherein the water in the fuel filter 100 is separated from the diesel fuel.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a fuel filter 100 in side view with a cleaning module 10 according to a first embodiment of the invention.
- the fuel filter 100 for filtering the media stream comprising the first and second media has a first media separator, not shown, disposed in a filter system housing 102 of the fuel filter.
- the filter housing 102 has a, preferably detachable, media-tight lid 104, to a filter element inside the filter system housing 102, also not shown, to wait or exchange.
- the fuel filter 100, the cleaning module 10 for absorbing and / or adsorbing a portion of the second medium in the deposited first medium, which is connected via a connecting part 106 with the filter system housing 102.
- the cleaning module 10 has a housing 12 with an inlet 18 and an outlet or a discharge opening 20 on the second housing part 16.
- the first and the second housing part 14, 16 are formed to one another, in particular detachable, media-tight connection with each other.
- the two housing parts 14, 16 can for example be screwed or connected to a quick release.
- an outlet 21 is shown, which is arranged on the first housing part 14.
- Such a solution is also favorable, because then the second housing part 16, for example, for removing the cleaning cartridge 30, can be removed without releasing a connection from the outlet 21 to further components.
- the replaceable cleaning cartridge 30 is detachably arranged.
- the cleaning cartridge 30 has a cleaning material with an organoclay as ab- and / or adsorptive material for receiving at least a portion of the second medium in the first medium.
- the cleaning material 34 can also have inert materials such as at least one glass, a ceramic, a sand, and / or an active material, in particular a zeolite and / or activated carbon. This can preferably and advantageously be uniformly embedded in the organoclay and / or connected to it.
- the main component of the cleaning material 34 ie more than 50 wt .-%, but may be particularly preferably the organoclay.
- the cleaning material 34 may also consist entirely of organoclay.
- the organoclay as an active ingredient of the cleaning material 34 may be provided as a loose bed and / or be sintered and / or provided chemically crosslinked and / or provided foamed.
- the cleaning material 34 and in particular the organoclay as a shaped body, for. B. be arranged as a hollow cylindrical shaped body, in particular with an open-pore structure, as a coating or as granules in the fuel filter 100.
- the mean particle diameter of at least half of the organoclay granules may be greater than 50 ⁇ . In a particularly preferred embodiment, the mean particle diameter of at least half of the organoclay granules is less than 400 ⁇ m.
- the mean particle diameter for a mass-related d50 particle size distribution of the granules can be between 50 and 400 ⁇ m, in particular between 100 and 300 ⁇ m.
- the flow direction 32 of the media flow takes place from the filter system housing 102 through the connection part 106 through the inlet 18 into the housing 12 of the cleaning module 10, where the media flow through the cleaning cartridge 30 in the intended installed state is directed against gravity and the cleaning module 10 via the outlet 20 or leaves via the outlet 21 at the top in the alternative embodiment.
- FIG. 2 shows the fuel filter 100 with the cleaning module 10 from FIG. 1 in plan view.
- the filter system housing 102 can be seen with a cover 104 from above.
- the cleaning module 10 is arranged on the connecting part 106 connected to the filter system housing 102.
- the second housing 16 can be seen on the connecting part 106.
- the outlet 20 is omitted in the illustration.
- FIG. 3 shows the fuel filter 100 with the cleaning module 10 from FIG. 1 with the cleaning cartridge 30 removed from the cleaning module 10.
- the cleaning cartridge 30 with the organotonin-containing cleaning material 34 is arranged on the second housing part 16 in this exemplary embodiment.
- the cleaning cartridge 30 may be permanently connected to the second housing part 16 and thus be regarded as a unit.
- the cleaning cartridge 30 is detachably arranged on the second housing part 16 and removed therefrom and can be replaced separately.
- the cleaning cartridge 30 can be removed with the second housing part 16 in the form of a cartridge upwardly from the first housing part 14, for example, to be exchanged and processed.
- a new cleaning cartridge 30 with a second housing part 16 can be used again and connected to the first housing part 14 media-tight, for example screwed or clipped to put the cleaning module 10 in an operational state again.
- the advantage of such an embodiment is that upon removal of the cleaning cartridge 30 with the second housing part 16, the remaining first medium in the first housing part 14 remains and the environment is not so polluted.
- the entire cleaning module can be made removable and thus interchangeable.
- FIG 4 shows an infrared spectrogram of an organotone used according to the invention as active material (curve I) and of an unmodified clay (curve II).
- the extinction is plotted against the wavenumber.
- a wavenumber between 2800 to 3000 cnr 1 , one recognizes characteristic bands 202 for hydrocarbon compounds.
- bands 203 are recognized at a wave number between 1300 and 1500 cnr 1 for hydrocarbon compounds. These are not present with a natural tone (curve II).
- the bands 201 in the range at a wave number of 3500 cnr 1 characterize stored water and can be found in both the organoclay and the naturally occurring clay.
- a sound This may preferably be a naturally occurring clay.
- Particularly preferred clays are clays which essentially, ie at least 50% by weight, consist of at least one smectite and / or of at least one montmorillonite.
- Such a clay is, for example, bentonite, which is used below for the specific embodiment.
- the bentonite is dispersed in water, preferably in deionized water.
- 4 wt .-% clay are dispersed in deionized water for at least 10 hours by stirring at room temperature.
- the exchange or the homogenization of metal ions which are contained in the provided clay can be carried out by sodium ions.
- sodium ions For example, it is preferable to use Na 2 CO 3 or NaCl in a concentration of 100 meq (milliequivalents) per 100 g of clay.
- z. B. of sodium carbonate stirring of the emulsion was carried out for at least 10 h at room temperature.
- a quaternary ammonium salt takes place in an aqueous solution.
- concentration is 0.2 g of the surfactant to 1 g of clay with stirring for at least 10 hours at room temperature.
- the suspension is then filtered and washed with deionized water to wash out excess ions.
- the organoclay is then dried in a vacuum oven at 60 ° C for 24 hours.
- Metal ions are predominantly in the interlayers of a clay with a layered structure. These are first exchanged by sodium ions and later by organic cations, preferably by quaternary alkylammonium ions.
- the composition of fuels may vary from region to region.
- the proportion of biodiesel may vary or the proportion and the composition of the additives.
- biodiesel and additives influence the formation and type of diesel-in-water emulsion, which is then difficult to separate again.
- Highly-additive diesel fuels which lead to very stable emulsions, are found in particular in the EU and the US, where the sulfur content in the diesel fuel is low due to legislative requirements, which reduces the natural lubricity of the diesel. In order to restore the lubricity of the fuel additive packages are therefore added to the diesel in these countries.
- a cleaning cartridge according to the invention with organoclay or organoclay and a fuel filter according to the invention with water discharge is advantageous in highly-additive diesel fuels to free the water from hydrocarbons.
- Diesel fuels dissolved in water and diesel fuel-in-water emulsions have very different concentrations of diesel fuel.
- emulsions typically have a determined proportion of up to 2500 ppm of diesel fuel, in particular C10-C40 hydrocarbon compounds.
- FIG. 5 shows thermogravimetric measurements of a natural sound with the measurement curve 301 and of an organ sound with the measurement curve 302 for the comparison of the two materials in a diagram.
- the temperature increase in the gravimetric measurement is shown by the oblique straight line 303.
- Phase a First, surface water ( ⁇ 100 ° C) evaporates, this can be seen in the case of both natural and modified clay on the plateau.
- Phase c From about 600 ° C, this overlaps with a dissolution of chemisorbed water.
- the proportion of organic constituents in the organoclay is about 25% by weight (y-axis starts at 65% by weight).
- Fig. 6 shows concentration of dissolved hydrocarbons in mg / l gem.
- the diagram illustrates the distinction between diesel fuel dissolved in water and a diesel fuel-in-water emulsion. If the value of about 5 mg / l is exceeded, the water is saturated, there is no more diesel in solution and it takes place emulsion formation. This type of emulsion is not or only to a small extent by activated charcoal separable. In contrast, the organoclay, so the organoclay, due to its surface properties in a position to clean a diesel fuel-in-water emulsion.
- Sample is a diesel fuel-in-water emulsion used as the initial concentration of hydrocarbons of the mixture prior to contact with an adsorption and / or absorption medium.
- Body is the measured value of the experimental apparatus when pure water is promoted by this.
- Additional bars each show a diesel fuel in water mixture after their treatment with the respective adsorption and / or absorption medium shown under analogous conditions.
- activated carbon is hardly able to separate the emulsion.
- the organoclay can clean the emulsion better by a factor of 20 to 80 than the activated carbon. This can u. a. due to surface and internal properties.
- the calculated blank value is 10 times lower than the measured values and thus shows the reliability of the experimental set-up.
- the emulsion of water and diesel is very stable due to certain additives, so that a density separation is virtually not carried out and the diesel drops virtually do not coalesce.
- the droplet sizes in the emulsion are very small, typically less than 10 ⁇ .
- Non-coalescing is due to the additives, while the small droplet diameters are determined by the path of the diesel-water mixture through the fuel filter. The trend is towards the use of even lower-sulfur, higher-additive fuels, so that this problem will be exacerbated by environmental legislation worldwide.
- FIGS. 8a and 8b the grain sizes of the natural sound (FIG. 8a) and of the organ sound (FIG. 8b) are compared under analogous measuring conditions or in the same representation scale. Symptomatic of natural clay are very small particle sizes, which can lead to a very high flow resistance up to a blocking of the cleaning material. In contrast, the organoclay in FIG. 8b shows a more compact form with increased grain size.
- FIG. 9 shows a typical total distribution of droplet sizes of diesel in water after the separation of the water from diesel with low sulfur content (ULSD according to EN 590) by means of a fuel filter, in particular a multi-stage fuel filter.
- Modern diesel fuels contain many additives that have become very important only with the introduction of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD: 10 ppm).
- the additives provide sufficient lubricity of the fuel, among other things, because the natural lubricity enhancers are largely removed by the process of desulfurization. With higher additive content, water separation becomes more difficult, so that increasingly multi-stage water separators are used to realize a functioning water separation over the entire service life. This change also influences the quality of the discharged water: If the separated water is still clear with a low-additive fuel and contains, for example, ⁇ 10 mg / l hydrocarbons, modern fuel filters with integrated water separation will have an emulsion instead of a clear water phase. This emulsion consists of the finest diesel droplets, which are stabilized by the additives and can have a hydrocarbon content according to EN ISO 9377-2 H53 of 200 mg / l up to> 2500 mg / l.
- the mean droplet diameter is typically below 10 ⁇ . This is a crucial difference to applications where hydrocarbons are present as a film or only roughly mixed / emulsified. Examples include the separation of oil or fuel films on water surfaces.
- the fine diesel droplets occurring in modern water separators of fuel filters when using ULSD can be reliably separated from the water phase.
- FIG. 10 shows an exemplary cumulative distribution of the particle sizes of an organoclay bed of a cleaning device of a fuel filter according to the invention.
- both the installation space is very limited and the available contact time. Accumulating water must be removed from the fuel circuit in a few minutes to hours, cleaned and drained.
- the space in modern vehicles is very limited, so that the adsorber must be made as compact as possible.
- the reasonable size of the adsorber tank is between 200 ml and 400 ml, sizes> 600 ml can hardly be accommodated in the usual installation spaces both on the engine side and on the vehicle.
- the adsorber is adapted to the specific conditions on the fuel supply system of a vehicle and / or engine.
- the mean residence time of the water in the adsorber is about 30 minutes in an exemplary automotive application.
- the residence time can be set, for example, via the control of a valve. Between each discharge cycle, a defined pause time ensures that the necessary contact time for cleaning is maintained. Over several opening cycles, the water to be purified can be conveyed through the adsorber by means of the pressure of the fuel supply system.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017001380.2A DE102017001380A1 (de) | 2017-02-14 | 2017-02-14 | Kraftstofffilter, Reinigungskartusche und Verwendung |
PCT/EP2018/053703 WO2018149885A1 (de) | 2017-02-14 | 2018-02-14 | Kraftstofffilter mit organoton, reinigungskartusche mit organoton und verwendung |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3582870A1 true EP3582870A1 (de) | 2019-12-25 |
Family
ID=61231263
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP18705618.9A Pending EP3582870A1 (de) | 2017-02-14 | 2018-02-14 | Kraftstofffilter mit organoton, reinigungskartusche mit organoton und verwendung |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11273398B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3582870A1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN110267722A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017001380A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018149885A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102017215653A1 (de) * | 2017-09-06 | 2019-03-07 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kraftstofffilter-Anordnung |
US11192804B2 (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2021-12-07 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Method of adsorbing contaminants using a porous carbon compound |
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FR631577A (fr) * | 1926-06-15 | 1927-12-22 | Séparateur épurateur de liquides | |
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AUPQ903900A0 (en) * | 2000-07-27 | 2000-08-17 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Use of solid waste material |
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EP1433526A3 (de) * | 2002-12-26 | 2007-03-14 | Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd. | Wasser absorbierende Harzzusammensetzung |
CA2560061A1 (en) | 2004-03-15 | 2005-11-03 | Honeywell International Inc. | Apparatus and method for storing and releasing sulfur containing aromatic compounds from a fuel stream of an internal combustion engine |
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DE102006039581B4 (de) | 2006-08-23 | 2017-07-06 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kraftstofffilter |
DE102007039661B4 (de) | 2006-08-23 | 2017-05-24 | Mahle International Gmbh | Kraftstofffilter |
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-
2017
- 2017-02-14 DE DE102017001380.2A patent/DE102017001380A1/de active Pending
-
2018
- 2018-02-14 EP EP18705618.9A patent/EP3582870A1/de active Pending
- 2018-02-14 CN CN201880011940.7A patent/CN110267722A/zh active Pending
- 2018-02-14 WO PCT/EP2018/053703 patent/WO2018149885A1/de unknown
-
2019
- 2019-08-13 US US16/538,988 patent/US11273398B2/en active Active
Also Published As
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WO2018149885A1 (de) | 2018-08-23 |
US11273398B2 (en) | 2022-03-15 |
DE102017001380A1 (de) | 2018-08-16 |
US20200030727A1 (en) | 2020-01-30 |
CN110267722A (zh) | 2019-09-20 |
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