EP3574539A1 - Procédé de préparation d'une électrode comprenant un support en aluminium, des nanotubes de carbone alignés et un polymère organique électro-conducteur, ladite électrode et ses utilisations - Google Patents
Procédé de préparation d'une électrode comprenant un support en aluminium, des nanotubes de carbone alignés et un polymère organique électro-conducteur, ladite électrode et ses utilisationsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3574539A1 EP3574539A1 EP18712946.5A EP18712946A EP3574539A1 EP 3574539 A1 EP3574539 A1 EP 3574539A1 EP 18712946 A EP18712946 A EP 18712946A EP 3574539 A1 EP3574539 A1 EP 3574539A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- carbon nanotubes
- electrodes
- vertically aligned
- aluminum
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Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the field of devices for storing and restoring electrical energy and more particularly to the field of electrodes in particular useful for supercapacitors.
- the present invention relates to a method of preparing an electrode having (i) a support of a material comprising aluminum, (ii) carbon nanotubes vertically aligned on said support and (iii) a conductive organic polymer electricity.
- the present invention also relates to said electrode thus prepared and its various uses and in particular in a supercapacitor.
- Supercapacitors whose market is booming have two electrodes ie an anode and a cathode which are electrically insulated by a separator, an electrolyte being disposed between each electrode and the separator.
- One of the important parameters for a supercapacitor is the capacitance of the system. The latter depends mainly on the correlation between the materials chosen for the electrodes, the design of these electrodes and the electrolyte.
- the surface of the electrodes is composed of activated carbon.
- the latter is a porous material, electronically conductive, electrochemically stable and providing a surface per unit volume of greater than 500 m 2 .g _1 .
- the porosity of the activated carbon is difficult to control: it depends, on the one hand, on the porosity of the raw material used, such as carbon-rich organic plant material and, on the other hand, the physical activation process. or chemical implemented.
- the existence of a complex and poorly controlled porosity in the activated carbon but also the existence of undesirable functional groups on its surface affect the capacitance and the performances of the activated carbon supercapacitors.
- VACNTs vertically aligned carbon nanotubes
- VACNTs Very Aligned Carbon NanoTubes
- Several VACNT-based electrode materials have demonstrated interesting specific capacitances, thus validating the interest of such a configuration (alignment and regular spacing of the nanotubes in the material) in terms of energy gain and especially power of the supercapacitor.
- the technique of chemical vapor deposition can be preferred because of relatively low cost compared to other manufacturing processes known to operate at very high temperature (ablation laser and arc discharge) and the need to industrialize the manufacture of electrodes for supercapacitors.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- one of the variants of the CVD technique consists of injecting, simultaneously and continuously (called co-injection), into a heated reactor, a carbon precursor and a catalytic precursor on a support which can be made of different materials such as a support quartz, silica, carbon or a metal support such as steel.
- the metallic support on which the VACNTs are prepared is used as a current collector.
- light metal supports such as aluminum supports are preferred.
- Dorfler et al., 2013 also proposed a method for preparing VACNTs on an aluminum foil coated with CVD catalysts at atmospheric pressure and at 645 ° C using ethylene as a carbon source [3].
- Arcila-Velez et al., 2014 discloses a VACNT deposit by CVD on a very thin aluminum substrate (16 ⁇ ) from a mixture of carbon (xylene, acetylene) and catalytic (ferrocene) precursors.
- VACNTs on iron-coated aluminum via a CVD process at a growth temperature of 450 ° C combined with heating with 700 W hot filaments with carbon precursor as a precursor. acetylene and in the presence of gas (argon and hydrogen) [5].
- Huang et al, 2012 describes an electrode comprising an aluminum support on which VACNTs have been synthesized [6]. This synthesis is carried out by two variants of chemical vapor deposition, one carried out at a temperature of 640 ° C. to obtain short VACNTs and the other called "floating catalytic technical CVD" at 645 ° C. for VACNT longer. VACNT of about 10 ⁇ or about 50 ⁇ are thus obtained. It should be noted that these methods and in particular those described in [1] and [5] make it possible to obtain very high VACNTs.
- VACNTs One of the solutions to increase the stored energy of VACNTs is to combine them with electroactive materials such as electronically conductive polymers (ECP). This is called pseudocapacitance. In this case, the energy is stored by two simultaneous processes: electrostatic process and redox process. Recently, new VACNT-based pseudocapacitive positive electrode materials have demonstrated significant specific capacitance [7, 8, 9].
- ECP electronically conductive polymers
- the solvents and in particular the ionic liquid-based solvents typically employed in these electrochemical processes have several drawbacks for very dense VACNTs and obtained on aluminum substrates such as a high viscosity or a risk of corrosion of the aluminum substrate [ 12].
- the performance in storage capacitance and in cyclability would, in particular, be greatly reduced.
- polyaniline is electrodeposited, on the VACNTs synthesized on the aluminum support, by cyclic voltammetry from an aqueous solution containing 1 M sulfuric acid and 0.1 M aniline.
- the inventors Due to the growing interest of supercapacitors, the inventors have set themselves the goal of proposing an industrializable process for obtaining an electrode especially for use in a supercapacitor which has (i) an aluminum support, (ii) VACNT on said support and (iii) an electrically conductive organic polymer deposited on said VACNTs.
- a supercapacitor which has (i) an aluminum support, (ii) VACNT on said support and (iii) an electrically conductive organic polymer deposited on said VACNTs.
- Such a method must not cause any corrosion of the aluminum support, be suitable for dense VACNTs and make it possible to obtain electrodes having properties identical to those of the electrodes of the prior art and even improved with respect to the latter.
- the present invention makes it possible to solve the technical problems as previously defined and to achieve the goal that the inventors have set themselves.
- the work of the inventors has made it possible to develop an industrializable process making it possible to obtain an electrode with an aluminum-based support on which carbon nanotubes are vertically aligned and coated with organic polymers that conduct electricity.
- said electrode having performance in terms of capacitance of interest for particular application in a supercapacitor.
- capacitance is the property of an electrical conductor to contain a certain level of electrical charge for a specific electrical potential.
- the present invention relates to a method for the preparation of an electrode comprising a support made of an aluminum-based material, vertically aligned carbon nanotubes and an electrically conductive polymer matrix, said process comprising the successive steps following:
- the inventors have associated, with the synthesis of a VACNT carpet via the CVD technique at a temperature of less than or equal to 650 ° C. adapted to be applied to a light support based on aluminum, an electrochemical deposition of conductive polymers of electricity in particular conditions to obtain a deposit in the thickness of the carpet VACNT and without eroding said support. These particular conditions are related to the physicochemical properties of the electrolytic solution.
- this electrochemical deposition technique is no longer limited to the galvanostatic technique pulsed as described in [7]. On the contrary, in the present invention, any electrochemical deposition technique is usable that this method is cyclic or pulsed with, in the latter case, the imposed current or voltage (e).
- the particular solvent used during the electrochemical deposition is a mixture of at least one ionic liquid and at least one protic or aprotic solvent.
- a protic or aprotic solvent to an ionic liquid makes it possible to reduce the viscosity of the electrolytic solution, it was not at all obvious that such a mixture is suitable for preparing the electrode as defined in the invention.
- this electrolytic solution may have vis-à-vis the aluminum known from [12] and illustrated in paragraph II of the experimental part below, it makes it possible to prepare a electrode having good performance and therefore particularly suitable for use in a supercapacitor.
- a support made of an aluminum-based material is used for the reasons previously mentioned, namely the lightness of the electrode, in view of a light supercapacitor.
- aluminum-based material is meant both a non-alloyed aluminum material and an aluminum alloy material such as an aluminum and magnesium alloy, an aluminum and manganese alloy. , an alloy of aluminum and copper, an alloy of aluminum and silicon, an alloy of aluminum, magnesium and silicon or an alloy of aluminum and zinc.
- the support implemented in the invention has any shape i.e. a form suitable for the subsequent use of the electrode.
- this support may have a planar shape, a wire shape (wire or grid), a ribbon shape, a hollow cylindrical shape or a cellular shape (foam).
- the support implemented in the invention has a thickness of between 1 ⁇ and 500 ⁇ , in particular between 2 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ , in particular between 5 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ and, more particularly, between 10 ⁇ and 75 ⁇ .
- Step (a) of the process according to the invention consists in synthesizing, on the aluminum-based support, carbon nanotubes vertically aligned and extending perpendicularly to the surface of the support thus forming a nanotube mat whose base corresponds to the support.
- the synthesis method implemented ie using the technique of chemical vapor deposition (or CVD for "Chemical Vapor Deposition”) at a temperature of less than or equal to 650 ° C. is in particular one of the processes described in [1, 2, 3 , 4, 5, 6]. As these techniques are achievable in batches (technique called “batch-to-batch”) / in continuous parade (technique called “roll to roll”), they are easily industrialized.
- this synthesis is done in the presence of a catalytic source and a carbon source.
- the catalytic source may be pre-deposited on the support or, on the contrary, be co-injected with the carbon source.
- the catalytic source is in particular chosen from transition metal metallocenes, such as, for example, ferrocene, nickelocene, cobaltocene or any of their mixtures.
- the carbon source which can be liquid, solid or gaseous is in particular chosen from hydrocarbons, alcohols, carbon monoxide, carbon halides, toluene, cyclohexane, vegetable oils, benzylamine and acetonitrile. ethylene, acetylene, xylene, methane and any of their mixtures.
- the ferrocene is conveyed in the reactor using a toluene solution in aerosol form.
- this synthesis is advantageously carried out at a temperature of between 500 ° C. and 620 ° C. Similarly, this synthesis is typically conducted at a pressure of between 10 3 Pa and 10 5 Pa and in particular between 0,9.10 5 Pa and 10 5 Pa.
- the density of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes extending perpendicular to the support of an aluminum-based material may be variable.
- the latter is advantageously between 10 6 and 10 13 nanotubes. cm 2 of support. It is thus possible to have a material having a dense mat of carbon nanotubes vertically aligned, with the order of 10 8 to 10 12 nanotubes. cm 2 and in particular of the order of 10 11 to 10 12 nanotubes. cm 2 .
- vertically aligned carbon nanotubes may be subjected to an oxidative treatment (or pretreatment) ie to oxidize the surface of the nanotubes implemented and / or to prepare the surface for future oxidation by formation of radicals.
- Such an oxidative treatment is based on two major types of surface modifications based on: physical treatments such as plasma treatment, in particular oxygen treatment, UV treatment, X-ray or gamma treatment, irradiation treatment with electrons and heavy ions or
- Such nanotubes may be in the form of surface-modified nanotubes such as, for example, negatively charged nanotubes.
- Step (b) of the process according to the present invention consists in applying, electrochemically, to the carbon nanotube mat synthesized during step (a) on the support made of an aluminum-based material, a matrix conductive polymer of electricity.
- electrically conductive polymer matrix is meant, in the context of the present invention, a structure in the form of a film (or sheath), porous or non-porous, on the surface of the carbon nanotubes used. implemented in the process of the invention and essentially consisting of one (or more) (co) polymer (s) conductor (s) electricity.
- the polymer matrix is associated with the carbon nanotubes by being deposited on and at the lateral surface of the carbon nanotubes, which can advantageously form a sheath around the nanotubes.
- the thickness of this sheath is homogeneous for a carbon nanotube and, more advantageously, it is homogeneous for all the carbon nanotubes of the carpet.
- electrically conductive (co) polymer is meant, in the context of the present invention, a (co) polymer whose main polymer chain and optionally the side chains have at least one double bond or at least one an aromatic cycle.
- an electrically conductive (co) polymer is obtained by polymerizing one (or more) monomer (s) carrying a double bond and / or an aromatic ring and optionally a heteroatom such as an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom, a sulfur atom or a fluorine atom.
- the polymer matrix implemented in the context of the present invention is advantageously constituted by one (or more) (co) polymer (s) chosen from polyfluorenes, polypyrenes, polynaphthalenes, polypyrroles, polycarbazoles, polyindoles, polyazepines, polyanilines, polythiophenes, or polymers of the ABA type composed of an aromatic B unit such as benzene, thiophene, pyrrole, carbazole, fluorene, optionally functionalized with alkyl, alkoxy, oligoether or thioether chains; or alkene or alkyne conjugates and electropolymerizable A units of thiophene, alkylthiophene, 3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene and their derivatives or alternatively pyrrole, alkylpyrrole, N-alkylpyrrole, 3,4-alkylenedioxypyrrole and their derivatives.
- the polymer matrix implemented in the context of the present invention is advantageously constituted by one (or more) (co) polymer (s) chosen from polypyrroles, polycarbazoles, polyanilines and polythiophenes. .
- the polypyrroles can be obtained by polymerization of one (or more) monomer (s) chosen from pyrrole and pyrrole derivatives.
- a pyrrole derivative is preferably a pyrrole substituted with at least one substituent chosen from a linear, branched or cyclic C1 to C10 and especially C1 to C5 (hetero) alkyl, which is optionally substituted; a halogen atom; an -OH group; a -COOH group; C2-C20 alkoxyalkyl and especially C2-C10 alkoxy, optionally substituted; an alkoxy polyether; an alkylene polyether; a C3-C20 (hetero) aryl and in particular C4-C16, optionally substituted, or a C3-C20 (hetero) aralkyl and in particular C4-C16, optionally substituted.
- Such a pyrrole derivative is in particular an alkylpyrrole, an N-alkylpyrrole or a 3,4-pyrrole. alkylenedioxypyrroles.
- a derivative of a pyrrole may also be a pyrrole substituted by at least two substituents forming a Cl-C10 and especially Cl-C5 bridging group optionally comprising a heteroatom.
- pyrrole derivatives which may be used, mention may be made of 3-methylpyrrole, 3-ethylpyrrole, 3-butylpyrrole, 3-bromo pyrrole, 3-methoxypyrrole and 3,4-dichloro. pyrrole and 3,4-dipropoxy pyrrole.
- the polycarbazoles can be obtained by polymerization of one (or more) monomer (s) chosen from carbazole and carbazole derivatives.
- a carbazole derivative is advantageously a carbazole substituted with at least one substituent chosen from a linear, branched or cyclic C1 to C10 and in particular C1 to C5 (hetero) alkyl, which is optionally substituted; a halogen atom; an -OH group; a -COOH group; C2-C20 alkoxyalkyl and especially C2-C10 alkoxy, optionally substituted; an alkoxy polyether; an alkylene polyether; a C3-C20 (hetero) aryl and in particular C4-C16, optionally substituted, or a C3-C20 (hetero) aralkyl and in particular C4-C16, optionally substituted.
- a derivative of a carbazole may also be a carbazole substituted with at least two substituents forming a
- the polyanilines can be obtained by polymerization of one (or more) monomer (s) chosen from aniline and aniline derivatives.
- An aniline derivative is advantageously an aniline substituted with at least one substituent chosen from a linear, branched or cyclic C1 to C10 and especially C1 to C5 (hetero) alkyl, which is optionally substituted; a halogen atom; an -OH group; a -COOH group; C2-C20 alkoxyalkyl and especially C2-C10 alkoxy, optionally substituted; an alkoxy polyether; an alkylene polyether; a C3-C20 (hetero) aryl and in particular C4-C16, optionally substituted, or a C3-C20 (hetero) aralkyl and in particular C4-C16, optionally substituted.
- a The aniline derivative may also be an aniline substituted with at least two substituents forming a C1 to C10 bridging group and especially a
- the polythiophenes can be obtained by polymerization of one (or more) monomer (s) chosen from thiophene and thiophene derivatives.
- a thiophene derivative is advantageously a thiophene substituted with at least one substituent chosen from a linear, branched or cyclic C1 to C10 and especially C1 to C5 (hetero) alkyl, which is optionally substituted; a halogen atom; an -OH group; a -COOH group; C2-C20 alkoxyalkyl and especially C2-C10 alkoxy, optionally substituted; an alkoxy polyether; an alkylene polyether; a C3-C20 (hetero) aryl and in particular C4-C16, optionally substituted, or a C3-C20 (hetero) aralkyl and in particular C4-C16, optionally substituted.
- thiophenes substituted by at least one (hetero) aryl at C3 to C20 there may be mentioned thiophenes substituted with at least one perfluorinated C3 to C20 aryl.
- a derivative of a thiophene may also be a thiophene substituted with at least two substituents forming a C1 to C10 and in particular C1 to C5 bridging group optionally comprising a heteroatom.
- thiophene derivatives which may be used, mention may be made of 3-thiophene acetic acid, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, 3-methylthiophene, 3,4-dimethylthiophene, 3-ethylthiophene and 3-butylthiophene. 3-bromothiophene, 3-methoxythiophene, 3,4-dimethoxythiophene, 3,4-dichlorothiophene, 3,4-dipropoxythiophene and 3-perfluorophenylthiophene.
- step (b) of the method according to the invention comprises the substeps consisting of:
- the essential elements of the electrolytic solution used in the process according to the invention are one or more different monomers, precursor (s) of the electrically conductive polymer matrix, at least one ionic liquid. and at least one protic or aprotic solvent.
- an "ionic liquid” is an organic salt in a liquid state at a temperature below 100 ° C and especially in a liquid state at room temperature (i.e. 22 ° C ⁇ 5 ° C).
- ionic liquids having at least one protic or aprotic cation, substituted or unsubstituted, chosen from the family of pyridinium, pyridazinium, pyrimidinium, pyrazinium, imidazolium, pyrazolium, thiazolium, oxazolium, triazolium, ammonium, pyrrolidinium.
- the ionic liquid used in the context of the present invention is chosen from the group consisting of a dialkylpyrrolidinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([DAPyr] [TFSI]), a dialkylpyrrolidinium bis (fluoromethylsulfonyl) imide ([DAPyr] [ FSI]), a dialkylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate ([DAPyr] [BF4]), a dialkylpyrrolidinium hexafluorophosphate ([DAPyr] [PF6]), a dialkylpyrrolidinium selenocyanate ([DAPyr] [SeCN]), a dialkylpyrrolidinium thiocyanate ([DAPyr] [SCN]), a dialkylpyrrolidinium bromide ([DAPyr] [Br]), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol
- protic solvent is meant, in the context of the present invention, a solvent which comprises at least one hydrogen atom capable of being released in the form of a proton and advantageously chosen from the group consisting of water, water and deionized water, distilled water, acidified or basic, acetic acid, hydroxylated solvents such as methanol and ethanol, low molecular weight liquid glycols such as ethylene glycol, and mixtures thereof.
- aprotic solvent is meant, in the context of the present invention, a solvent which is not capable of releasing a proton or of accepting one under non-extreme conditions and advantageously chosen from halogenated alkanes such as dichloromethane; dimethylformamide (DMF); ketones such as acetone or 2-butanone; acetonitrile; propylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), tetrahydrofuran (THF); N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and mixtures thereof.
- halogenated alkanes such as dichloromethane; dimethylformamide (DMF); ketones such as acetone or 2-butanone; acetonitrile; propylene carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL), tetrahydrofuran (THF); N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP); dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and mixtures thereof.
- the solvent of the electrolytic solution used in the process according to the invention is a mixture of at least one ionic liquid as defined above and at least one protic solvent as defined above.
- the solvent of the electrolytic solution used in the process according to the invention is a mixture of at least an ionic liquid as defined above and at least one aprotic solvent as defined above.
- the aprotic solvent is acetonitrile, the ionic liquid being any of the previously contemplated ionic liquids.
- the proportions of ionic liquid and protic or aprotic solvent in the electrolytic solution implemented in the present invention vary according to the viscosity of the ionic liquid in order to maintain a low overall viscosity to this solution ensuring a good diffusion of the species within the liquid medium filling the inter-tube spaces. These proportions can be from 30 to 85% by volume for the protic or aprotic solvent and the complement to 100% for the ionic liquid.
- the mixture may comprise between 65 and 85% by volume of protic or aprotic solvent and between 15 and 35% by volume of ionic liquid and in particular about 75% (ie 75% ⁇ 5%) by volume of protic or aprotic solvent and about 25% (ie 25% ⁇ 5%) by volume of ionic liquid.
- a particular example of such a mixture is a mixture of about 75% by volume of acetonitrile and about 25% of [EMI] [TFSI] or [EMI] [BF4].
- the mixture may comprise between 40 and 60% by volume of protic or aprotic solvent and between 40 and 60% by volume of ionic liquid and in particular about 50% (ie 50% ⁇ 5%) by volume of protic or aprotic solvent and about 50% (ie 50% ⁇ 5%) by volume of ionic liquid.
- a particular example of such a mixture is a mixture of about 50% by volume of acetonitrile and about 50% of [EMI] [TFSI] or [EMI] [BF4].
- the monomer (s) precursor (s) of the conductive polymer matrix is (are) present in the electrolyte solution in a maximum amount determined relative to their solubility in the solvent used ie the mixture of less an ionic liquid and at least one protic or aprotic solvent.
- the electrolytic solution must have a suitable viscosity to allow penetration between the carbon nanotubes (inter-tube spacing between a few nm and a hundred nm) homogeneously over the entire thickness of the carpet generally between a few microns and a few hundred microns.
- the viscosity of the electrolytic solution used in the context of the invention strongly depends on the nature and the proportion of liquid ionic in the latter. Typically, this viscosity is between 0.37 mPa.s and 200 mPa.s and advantageously between 1.0 mPa.s and 36 mPa.s under standard conditions of temperature and pressure.
- the electrochemical deposition of the electrically conductive polymer matrix on the carbon nanotubes during step (b) or during the substep (b 2 ) of the process according to the invention may involve either a cyclic method, either a static method or not pulsed with either the voltage or the current that is imposed (e).
- the electrochemical deposition process can be done by a cyclic method and / or a pulsed or continuous galvanostatic method and / or a pulsed or continuous potentiostatic method.
- the deposition process consists in oxidizing a precursor monomer present in the electrolyte in order to polymerize it and deposit it in the form of an electroconductive polymer around and on the carbon nanotubes.
- the electrochemical deposition during step (b) or during the substep (b 2 ) of the process according to the invention is typically carried out in an electrochemical cell equipped with two electrodes (working electrode and against electrode) or three electrodes. electrodes (working electrode, counter-electrode and reference electrode).
- the working electrode (or anode) corresponds to the aluminum support provided with the carbon nanotubes, while the counter-electrode (or cathode) is, for example, a platinum grid or a platinum titanium plate or a black paste.
- the counter electrode has a surface and a capacitance adapted to the surface and the capacitance of the working electrode.
- the reference electrode which makes it possible to know, at any moment, the value of the voltage at the working electrode is typically made of metal such as, for example, a silver wire or a wire platinum.
- the electrochemical device used in the invention comprises an electrochemical cell as previously defined associated with a current or voltage generator.
- the cyclic method of electrochemical deposition or cyclic voltammetry is to vary the potential of the working electrode at a given scanning speed.
- the applied voltage range is chosen according to the desired range of potentials for the working electrode.
- the voltage may vary from -3 to +3 V depending on the chosen monomer and electrolyte.
- the current varies according to the size of the sample so that the current density is of the order of 10 mA.cm-2.
- the scanning speed is in particular between 2 and 500 mV / s, in particular between 3 and 100 mV / s and, more particularly, between 5 and 20 mV / s.
- the number of rings is in particular between 15 and 200 and, in particular, between 25 and 150.
- the potentiostatic pulsed or galvanostatic pulsed method consists in linking the deposition time of the electrically conductive polymer (ON) and the resting times (OTF) by applying, between the cathode and the anode, a voltage or a current respectively.
- the deposition time corresponds to the oxidation of the precursor monomer. This oxidation is done by imposing either a current for a given time (ON) (chronopotentiometry) or a voltage for a given time (ON) (chronoamperometry).
- OFF the monomer is not oxidized which gives it time to diffuse within the carbon nanotube mat.
- This idle time can be done by an opening of the electrical circuit or by imposing a current or voltage lower than that imposed during the deposition time ÎON and not allowing to oxidize the monomer.
- an agitation of the solution electrolytic may be implemented to facilitate the diffusion of the monomer within the mat of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes.
- the current generator or voltage of the device is capable of delivering a discontinuously pulsed current or voltage, especially during periods ON of the order of 5 ms to 10 s, for example of the order of 250 ms (ie 250 ms ⁇ 20 ms), and periods ⁇ FF such as between 50 ms and 10 s, for example of the order of 1.50 s (ie 1.50 s ⁇ 150 ms).
- the ⁇ / 10 FF ratio is generally between 1/60 and 2 and, in particular, between 1/10 and 1.
- the current imposed during the deposition time ÎON corresponds to a determined value which is adapted to obtain a sufficient voltage to oxidize the precursor monomer.
- This determined value is a function of the type of precursor monomers used and the viscosity of the electrolytic solution.
- the determined value of the current is about 4 mA.
- the ratio ÎONAO FF can for example vary from 0.05 to 1.
- the voltage imposed during the deposition time ÎON corresponds to a determined value which is adapted to obtain a current sufficient to oxidize the precursor monomer.
- This determined value is a function of the type of precursor monomers used and the viscosity of the electrolytic solution.
- the determined value of the voltage is about 1.5 V (ie 1.5 V ⁇ 0.2 V).
- the ÎON / ÎOFF ratio can range from 0.05 to 1.
- step (b) or substep (b 2 ) of the process according to the invention implementing either a cyclic voltammetry method, or a method, potentiostatic or galvanostatic, pulsed or not pulsed is variable from a few minutes to several hours. Typically, this duration is between 5 min and 8 h, advantageously between 10 min and 4 h and, in particular, between 15 min and 2 h. It depends on the amount of polymer to be deposited in order to have a homogeneous deposit around the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. Those skilled in the art will be able to adapt, without inventive effort, this duration as a function of the density and the length of the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes and the amount of polymer matrix to be deposited.
- potentiostatic pulsed or galvanostatic pulsed methods For example, it is possible to first set the voltage (chronoamperometry) in order to oxidize the electro-conductive polymer already deposited during the previous cycles and then to fix the current (chronopotentiometry) in order to oxidize the monomer and then leave the circuit electrically open to allow the monomer to diffuse within vertically aligned carbon nanotubes.
- Step (b) and in particular the sub-step (b 2 ) of the process according to the invention are carried out at a temperature of between 15 ° C. and 100 ° C. and advantageously at room temperature (ie 22 ° C. ⁇ 5 ° C. ).
- the temperature may be adapted according to the desired viscosity for the electrolytic solution.
- step (b) and in particular the substep (b 2 ) of the process according to the invention are feasible under an uncontrolled atmosphere.
- they can be performed in an atmosphere having the least oxygen and water possible.
- an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen can be used to generate this inert atmosphere.
- the use of an inert atmosphere associated with bubbling an inert gas in the electrolytic solution makes it possible to eliminate the oxygen possibly present in the latter.
- the electrochemical deposition during step (b) and in particular the sub-step (b 2 ) of the process according to the invention can be industrialized, for example by a batch-to-batch technique or a continuous process ( technique known as "roll to roll") with the support in an aluminum-based material bathed in an electrolytic solution as defined above.
- step (b) and in particular of sub-step (b 2 ) of the process according to the invention makes it possible to adjust the percentage by weight of the polymer matrix.
- conductor of electricity relative to the total mass of the composite corresponding to the vertically aligned carbon nanotubes coated with this electrically conductive polymer matrix to maximize the capacitance of the composite once fabricated to provide a supercapacitor using such composite as an electrode, which has the highest possible capacitance.
- the electrically conductive polymer matrix represents a percentage by mass relative to the total mass of said composite of up to 99%, in particular between 5 and 95% and, in particular, between 10 and 80%.
- the mass of the electrically conductive polymer matrix and that of the composite can be obtained by ATG for "Gravimetric Thermo Analysis" and / or by weighing and / or by integrating the current that has passed through the electrical circuit during the polymerization step.
- the method according to the invention may have a rinsing step and optionally a drying step.
- the main purpose of the rinsing step is to clean, remove residues / impurities of the monomer or oligomeric type which would remain on parts of the support, carbon nanotubes or the polymer matrix and which would not have been deposited. . Such residues / impurities could cause problems during the encapsulation step and malfunctions of the supercapacitor.
- the rinsing step is carried out by soaking the support in an aluminum-based material provided with carbon nanotubes and the electrically conductive polymer matrix in an organic solvent such as acetonitrile, acetone, ethanol or isopropanol. .
- the rinsing is to soak the support in an aluminum-based material provided with carbon nanotubes and the electrically conductive polymer matrix in the solvent for a variable time of 2 to 30 min and renewing the operation if necessary up to five times for example.
- the optional step of drying the support in an aluminum-based material provided with carbon nanotubes and the electrically conductive polymer matrix may be performed by leaving the latter, once rinsed, in the open air so that the solvent used for rinsing evaporates.
- this drying can be carried out in heating the support to an aluminum-based material having carbon nanotubes and the electrically conductive polymer matrix, under vacuum or by means of an infrared lamp.
- This variant can be implemented in the case of a continuous process.
- the present invention also relates to an electrode capable of being prepared by the method according to the invention as previously defined. This electrode has a support made of an aluminum-based material on one surface of which are vertically aligned carbon nanotubes coated with an electrically conductive polymer matrix. It is therefore a single-layer electrode.
- the fact that the PCE is electropolymerized, in the present invention, from an electrolyte solution whose solvent is a mixture of at least one ionic liquid and at least one protic or aprotic solvent results in a nanostructuration of this PCE and an improvement of its properties [10, 11] with respect to a PCE obtained from an electrolytic solution comprising as solvent only a protic solvent as in [6].
- This improvement of the properties of the PCE causes, in fact, an improvement in the properties of the electrode comprising it.
- the density of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes in the electrode according to the present invention may be variable.
- the latter is advantageously between 10 6 and 10 13 nanotubes. cm 2 of electrode. It is thus possible to have a material having a dense mat of carbon nanotubes vertically aligned, with the order of 10 8 to 10 12 nanotubes. cm 2 and in particular of the order of 10 11 to 10 12 nanotubes. cm 2 .
- the percentage by weight of the electrically conductive polymer matrix expressed with respect to the total mass of the composite comprising the carbon nanotubes and this polymer matrix is between 5 and 80%. As particular illustrative examples, this percentage can be of the order of 20% (ie 20% ⁇ 5%) or of the order of 40% (ie 40% ⁇ 5%).
- the carbon nanotubes advantageously have a length greater than 10 ⁇ . In some embodiments, this length may be greater than 20 ⁇ , or even greater than 30 ⁇ or 50 ⁇ .
- the electrode according to the invention advantageously has a capacitance of at least 15 mF / cm 2 .
- the present invention also relates to the use of such an electrode or capable of being prepared by the method of the invention as a positive / negative electrode of a device for storing and restoring electricity such as a supercapacitor or a battery, as an electrode for a photovoltaic device, in materials for the storage of C0 2 or as an electrode for electrochemical sensors.
- the present invention relates to a device comprising an electrode according to the present invention or capable of being prepared by the method of the invention, said device being chosen from the group constituted by a storage and restitution device for electricity such as a supercapacitor or a battery; a photovoltaic device; a material for storing C0 2 and an electrochemical sensor.
- a device for storing and restoring electricity comprises at least two monolayer electrodes (positive and negative) or at least three electrodes including two monolayer electrodes (positive) and one double layer electrode (negative).
- a single-layer electrode has only one active surface, while a double-layer electrode has two active surfaces respectively on its two opposite faces.
- the storage and electricity recovery device according to the invention may comprise:
- an asymmetrical assembly with an electrode according to the invention for example a support made of an aluminum-based material with vertically aligned carbon nanotubes and coated with a poly (3-methylthiophene) matrix (AI / VACNT) / P3MT) for the positive electrode (s) and a single layer or double layer activated carbon electrode;
- an electrode according to the invention for example a support made of an aluminum-based material with vertically aligned carbon nanotubes and coated with a poly (3-methylthiophene) matrix (AI / VACNT) / P3MT) for the positive electrode (s) and a single layer or double layer activated carbon electrode;
- an asymmetrical type 2 assembly with two electrodes according to the invention the positive electrode being of the type AI / VACNT / P3MT and the negative electrode that can correspond to a support made of an aluminum-based material with nanotubes carbon vertically aligned and coated with a polypyrrole matrix (AI / VACNT / PPy);
- VACNT electrodes for example, Al / VACNT / Poly (fluorophenylthiophene) for the negative and positive electrodes;
- the invention finally relates to a method of manufacturing a device for storing and restoring electricity such as a supercapacitor which comprises at least two electrodes and an electrolyte separating the two electrodes, at least one of the electrodes being a electrode according to the invention or capable of being prepared by a process according to the invention,
- said manufacturing method comprising the different steps for assembling the two electrodes with an interface between the electrolyte and the assembly being contained in an encapsulation box for forming said device for storing and returning electricity.
- the assembly is done in known manner and, for example, in the following manner, considering a housing constituting a container for arranging the electrodes and the electrolyte:
- a ' cutting electrodes at least one of which is an electrode according to the invention or capable of being prepared by a preparation method according to the invention, and cutting separators, to the desired dimensions according to the type of assembly ( symmetrical or asymmetrical) and the geometric shape and dimensions of the encapsulation box (battery type cylindrical battery, button cell, or the type called under the English expression "pouch-cell", ...);
- the negative and positive electrodes will be cut to the desired dimensions.
- a symmetrical system has the negative electrode and the positive electrode which are of almost identical or identical nature and mass.
- the negative electrode has a nature or a different mass from those of the positive electrode.
- the positive electrode of the device for storing and restoring electricity consists of an electrode according to the invention, ie a support made of a material with aluminum base with carbon nanotubes and an electrically conductive polymer matrix.
- the negative electrode is, for example, activated carbon.
- the separator may be a porous membrane based on cellulose, or based on polyethylene or polypropylene (Nafion ® , Celgard ® , ...), or fiberglass.
- the separator and the electrolyte may sometimes form only one set, particularly when the electrolytes are solid or gel.
- the manufacturing method of the invention uses one or more porous membrane separator (s) with a liquid electrolyte or a gel electrolyte.
- the stack of electrodes which imply a joint soldering to the electrodes of the same type (negative or positive) in the case where the device such as a supercapacitor comprises several positive electrodes, or
- the electrolyte of the device is chosen from the same compounds as those chosen for the electrolytic solution used for depositing the electrochemically conducting electrochemical polymer matrix during step (b) of the preparation process. according to the invention.
- the solvent mixture used in the electrolytic solution also applies to the electrolyte of the device.
- the electrolyte between the two electrodes may comprise
- At least one protic and / or aprotic solvent and at least one salt dissolved in the solvent such as an imidazolium salt, a pyrolidinium salt or an ammonium salt,
- the casing is sealed either by thermoplastic bonding (for example for the Pouch-Cell) or by mechanical sealing (metal and / or plastic covering, in particular for button and cylindrical cells) or metal welding, especially for larger cylindrical and prismatic cells.
- Figure 1 shows the typical morphology of the NTC mats aligned perpendicular to the surface of the Al growth support used in the context of the present invention.
- FIGS. 2A to 2D show scanning electron microscopy images of the electrochemically observed corrosion impact on an electrode comprising an aluminum support having CNTs aligned perpendicularly to the surface of the support but not exhibiting an electrically conductive polymer.
- Figure 3 shows the cyclic voltammetric curves obtained for the aluminum support with carbon nanotubes aligned before the deposition of the electrically conductive polymer (AI / VACNT) or after this deposition (AI / VACNT / P3MT).
- FIGS. 4A to AC show the sectional views of the carbon nanotube mat in three respective zones of this mat: in the upper part of the mat opposite the support (FIG. 4A), in the central part (FIG. 4B) and in part lower ( Figure 4C), while Figures 4D to AF show the corresponding EDX mapping in upper part of the mat opposite the support (Figure 4D), in the central part ( Figure 4E) and in the lower part ( Figure 4F).
- the exemplary embodiments of electrodes according to the invention described below highlight their capacitance performance, the aim being to propose electrodes with a high capacitance for use in storage devices and electricity recovery. supercapacitor type.
- the synthesis of CNTs on the aluminum support is carried out by CVD at 615 ° C. from acetylene as a carbon source coupled to ferrocene. as a catalytic precursor and in the presence of hydrogen and argon.
- the ferrocene is transported in the reactor using a solution of toluene (10% by weight of ferrocene dissolved in toluene) aerosolized in a flow rate range from 0.7 to 7 mL / h. .
- the typical morphology of the CNT mats aligned perpendicular to the surface of the Al growth support thus obtained is shown in FIG.
- This electrode comprises, more particularly, an aluminum support having an active surface of 1.13 cm 2 and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes of length 65 ⁇ and a high density of nanotubes, of the order of 10 11 to 10 12 NTC / cm 2 .
- This electrode was prepared as described in point I above.
- the electrolyte in which this electrode has been cycled is a mixture known to be highly corrosive to aluminum electrode substrates [12] i.e. from lithium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide to 1 mol / l in acetonitrile.
- Figure 2 shows images in scanning electron microscopy of the impact of electrochemical corrosion observed on the electrode tested after 2000 cycles. Corrosion on the electrode causes cracking of the CNT mat (Figure 2A), carpet detachment (Figure 2B) as well as corrosion pitting (Figure 2C) and cracking of the surface of the substrate ( Figure 2D).
- An aluminum support having an active surface of 1.13 cm 2 and comprising vertically aligned carbon nanotubes of 25 ⁇ length and a high density of nanotubes, of the order of 10 11 to 10 12 NTC / cm 2 was prepared as described in I above.
- An electroconductive polymer of the poly (3-methylthiophene) (or P3MT) type is deposited on this aluminum support provided with the NTC electrochemically.
- the electrochemical device used to perform this deposition electrochemically comprises, for example, in a known manner, a stainless steel base on which the sample is deposited surmounted by a cylindrical body Teflon.
- the electrochemistry technique used is three electrodes.
- the working electrode consists of the sample with carbon nanotubes while the counter electrode is a composite paste of carbon black and activated carbon. The whole is trapped in a stainless steel grid.
- the reference electrode is a silver wire.
- the electrolyte contained in the electrochemical device is a 50:50 by volume mixture of acetonitrile and EMITFSI, in which the 3-methylthiophene monomer is added at a concentration of 0.4 M.
- the chosen electrochemistry technique is cyclic voltammetry.
- the voltage is imposed between -0.5 V and 1.5 V at a scanning speed of 20 mV / s for 50 cycles.
- the voltammetry technique cyclic was used by imposing a voltage between -0.5 to 1.5 V at a scanning speed of 10 mV / s for 5 cycles.
- the characterization of the capacitance provides a capacitance of 204 mF / cm 2 for the electrode according to the invention (aluminum support with carbon nanotubes functionalized by P3MT, while the capacitance of the comparative electrode without electroconductive polymer is 29 mF / cm 2 ( Figure 3)
- the capacitance is multiplied by 7 for the electrode according to the invention having an electroconductive polymer associated with the carbon nanotubes vertically aligned on an aluminum support.
- the electrically conductive polymer provides a much greater capacitance than in the absence of polymer.
- this illustrative example implements an aluminum support with carbon nanotubes having a greater height and another electrolyte for functionalizing the carbon nanotubes with P3MT.
- an aluminum support having an active surface of 1.13 cm 2 and comprising vertically aligned carbon nanotubes of length 70 ⁇ and a high density of nanotubes, of the order of 10 11 to 10 12 NTC / cm 2 was prepared as described in I above.
- the electrochemical device and technique used are identical to those used in the operating protocol of point III.1.
- the electrolyte contained in the electrochemical device is a 50:50 by volume mixture of acetonitrile and EMI-BF4 (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate), in which the monomer 3-methylthiophene has been added. at a concentration of 0.2 mol / L.
- the voltage is imposed between -0.2 and 1.4 V at a scanning speed of 5 mV / s for 100 cycles.
- an electrode in which the proportion of electroconductive polymer with respect to the composite, that is to say the carbon nanotubes and the electroconductive polymer is at least 85% by mass.
- Characterization of the capacitance provides a capacitance of 1077 mF / cm 2 for the electrode according to the invention (aluminum support with nanotubes of carbon functionalized by P3MT, while the capacitance of the comparative electrode without electrically conductive polymer is 27 mF / cm 2 .
- the capacitance is multiplied by 40 for the electrode according to the invention having an electroconductive polymer associated with the carbon nanotubes vertically aligned on an aluminum support.
- the electrically conducting polymer also makes it possible to provide a much greater capacitance than in the absence of a polymer.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- EDX X-ray Energy Dispersive Microanalysis
- the peak of fluorine is, for its part, almost non-existent, making it possible to affirm that there remains, in the composite, almost no tetrafluoroborate anions initially present in the electrolyte used to deposit the P3MT.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to manufacture electrodes whose density of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, the length of these vertically aligned carbon nanotubes and the proportion of electrically conductive polymer will be adapted according to the capacitance desired for the electrode and, ultimately, the capacitance desired for the supercapacitor comprising at least one electrode according to the invention.
- V. Supercapacitor comprising an electrode according to the invention.
- the supercapacitor designated supercapacitor or SI cell, is in the form of a CR2032 type button cell, with asymmetrical electrodes, and comprises:
- an electrode called the NTC1 electrode, of carbon nanotubes vertically aligned on an aluminum support associated with an electroconductive polymer obtained from 3-methylthiophene;
- the NTC1 electrode has a surface of 1.13 cm 2 , vertically aligned carbon nanotubes with a height of about 84 ⁇ , and a large surface density of nanotubes (of the order of 10 11 to 10 12 NTC / cm). 2 ) with a P3MT deposition surface over the entire active area of 1.13 cm 2 .
- the electrolyte of the P3MT electrochemical deposition device is a 75:25 by volume mixture of acetonitrile and EMITFSI in which the 3-methylthiophene monomer is added at a concentration of 0.4 M.
- the electrochemical technique chosen is chronoamperometry. The voltage is imposed at 1.55 V per tap of 250 ms and with, between each tap, a circuit opening of 1.5 s until a polymer / composite mass ratio of 20% is obtained.
- the cell electrodes and the separator were dried in a Bucchi ® glass furnace under vacuum at 50-80 ° C.
- the electrolyte of the SI cell is a mixture of 40:60 by weight of acetonitrile and EMITFSI with 10% by weight of LiPF6 (lithium hexafluorophosphate) salt as anti-corrosion additive. It should be noted that this electrolyte is comparable to the highly corrosive electrolyte used in point II above: same anion, same solvent and similar transport properties.
- the electrolyte was placed in the housing containing the electrodes and the separator under an inert argon atmosphere.
- the supercapacitor designated supercapacitor or battery S2
- the battery S2 comprises an electrode, designated NTC2 cell, which has a surface of 1.13 cm 2 , vertically aligned carbon nanotubes whose height is about 80 ⁇ , a high density of nanotubes (of the order of 10 11 to 10 12 NTC / cm 2 ) with a P3MT deposition surface over the entire active surface area of 1.13 cm 2 and this in a polymer / composite mass ratio of 40%.
- the two electrodes NTC1 and NTC2 are extremely close in relation to the length of the carbon nanotubes and the density (2.25 and 3.48 mg / cm 2 ). On the other hand, the quantity of electrically conductive polymer is twice as great for the electrode NTC2.
- the electrolyte of the battery S2 is the same as that of the battery SI i.e. a 40:60 mixture by weight of acetonitrile and EMITFSI but, on the other hand, without anticorrosive additive.
- the comparative supercapacitor designated supercapacitor or battery
- Scomp corresponds to a button cell such as the cells SI and S2, except that the aluminum support electrodes with carbon nanotubes, ie the electrodes NTCcomp positive and negative, do not include any electrically conductive polymer.
- the NTCcomp electrodes have a surface of 1.13 cm 2 , vertically aligned carbon nanotubes whose height is about 65 ⁇ and a high density of nanotubes (of the order of 10 11 to 10 12 NTC / cm 2 ).
- the two NTCcomp electrodes are close to the length of the carbon nanotubes and the density of the electrodes NTC1 and NTC2.
- the electrolyte of the Scomp cell is the same as that of the S2 cell i.e. a 40:60 mixture by mass of acetonitrile and EMITFSI without anticorrosive additive.
- the SI and S2 batteries thus provide a cyclability over more than 1500 cycles without malfunction.
- the performance of the battery S2 with respect to its charging and discharging cycles is comparable to that of the battery SI.
- the presence of an anti-corrosion additive is not necessarily necessary despite the use of a potentially corrosive electrolyte for the aluminum collector.
- the electrode of the invention based on an aluminum support makes it possible to provide a supercapacitor lightened in weight, while providing good performance with respect to the capacitance without risk of corrosion of the electrode thanks to the presence vertically aligned carbon nanotubes associated with the electrically conductive polymer.
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
- Cell Electrode Carriers And Collectors (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1751669A FR3063493B1 (fr) | 2017-03-01 | 2017-03-01 | Procede de preparation d'une electrode comprenant un support en aluminium, des nanotubes de carbone alignes et un polymere organique electro-conducteur, ladite electrode et ses utilisations |
| PCT/FR2018/050473 WO2018158543A1 (fr) | 2017-03-01 | 2018-02-28 | Procédé de préparation d'une électrode comprenant un support en aluminium, des nanotubes de carbone alignés et un polymère organique électro-conducteur, ladite électrode et ses utilisations |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3574539A1 true EP3574539A1 (fr) | 2019-12-04 |
Family
ID=59253621
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18712946.5A Pending EP3574539A1 (fr) | 2017-03-01 | 2018-02-28 | Procédé de préparation d'une électrode comprenant un support en aluminium, des nanotubes de carbone alignés et un polymère organique électro-conducteur, ladite électrode et ses utilisations |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11710827B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3574539A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP7233383B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN110663125A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3063493B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018158543A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3085161B1 (fr) * | 2018-08-21 | 2023-05-12 | Nawatechnologies | Procede de croissance de nanotubes de carbone en surface et dans le volume d'un substrat carbone poreux et utilisation pour preparer une electrode |
| CN111455339B (zh) * | 2020-05-22 | 2022-07-01 | 厦门市计量检定测试院 | 用于高吸收比材料的垂直碳纳米管阵列的制备方法 |
| CN112480034B (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2023-03-14 | 温州大学 | 一种新型硒氰基试剂及其制备方法与应用 |
| US12347864B2 (en) | 2022-08-05 | 2025-07-01 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Additives for self-standing electrodes |
| CN117467226B (zh) * | 2023-12-28 | 2024-03-19 | 上海拜安传感技术有限公司 | 组合物、传感薄膜、传感器、制备方法及应用 |
| CN118919705B (zh) * | 2024-10-12 | 2025-02-25 | 江苏中鲈科技发展股份有限公司 | 电极材料及其制备方法、电极、电池、柔性透明碳纤维网及其制备方法、电容器、电子设备 |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH01315418A (ja) * | 1988-06-15 | 1989-12-20 | Tosoh Corp | ポリアニリン類の製造方法 |
| JP2002270235A (ja) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-09-20 | Nisshinbo Ind Inc | 高分子ゲル電解質用プレゲル組成物及びその脱水方法並びに二次電池及び電気二重層キャパシタ |
| US7317047B2 (en) * | 2002-09-24 | 2008-01-08 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Electrically conducting organic polymer/nanoparticle composites and methods for use thereof |
| JP2005050669A (ja) * | 2003-07-28 | 2005-02-24 | Tdk Corp | 電極、及び、それを用いた電気化学素子 |
| US7553341B2 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2009-06-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | High power density supercapacitors with carbon nanotube electrodes |
| US8284539B2 (en) | 2006-08-02 | 2012-10-09 | Ada Technologies, Inc. | High performance ultracapacitors with carbon nanomaterials and ionic liquids |
| WO2008070926A1 (fr) * | 2006-12-14 | 2008-06-19 | University Of Wollongong | Composites nanostructurés comportant une couche de carbone et des nanotubes |
| WO2010117339A1 (fr) * | 2009-04-07 | 2010-10-14 | Agency For Science, Technology And Research | Ensemble d'électrodes membranaire et son procédé de formation |
| CA2790205A1 (fr) * | 2010-03-02 | 2011-09-09 | Applied Nanostructured Solutions, Llc | Dispositifs electriques enroules en spirale contenant des materiaux d'electrode impregnes de nanotubes de carbone et procedes et appareils pour la fabrication de ceux-ci |
| FR2962450B1 (fr) * | 2010-07-07 | 2014-10-31 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de preparation d'un materiau composite, materiau ainsi obtenu et ses utilisations |
| JP2012224530A (ja) * | 2011-04-06 | 2012-11-15 | Panasonic Corp | 基板複合体、カーボンナノチューブ複合体、エネルギーデバイス、電子機器および輸送デバイス |
| FR3013061B1 (fr) | 2013-11-14 | 2018-03-02 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Procede de fabrication au defile et en continu de nanostructures alignees sur un support et dispositif associe |
| JP2016119409A (ja) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-06-30 | 日清紡ホールディングス株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス |
| JP2016162993A (ja) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-09-05 | 株式会社明電舎 | 蓄電デバイス用電極およびその製造方法および電気二重層キャパシタ |
| US20160268064A1 (en) * | 2015-03-09 | 2016-09-15 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Power storage device and electronic device |
| EP3150747A1 (fr) * | 2015-09-29 | 2017-04-05 | Universite De Nantes | Collecteur de courant fonctionnalisé pour dispositifs électrochimiques, présentant une résistance accrue à la corrosion |
-
2017
- 2017-03-01 FR FR1751669A patent/FR3063493B1/fr active Active
-
2018
- 2018-02-28 CN CN201880028964.3A patent/CN110663125A/zh active Pending
- 2018-02-28 US US16/488,798 patent/US11710827B2/en active Active
- 2018-02-28 JP JP2019568821A patent/JP7233383B2/ja active Active
- 2018-02-28 EP EP18712946.5A patent/EP3574539A1/fr active Pending
- 2018-02-28 WO PCT/FR2018/050473 patent/WO2018158543A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN110663125A (zh) | 2020-01-07 |
| JP7233383B2 (ja) | 2023-03-06 |
| FR3063493A1 (fr) | 2018-09-07 |
| FR3063493B1 (fr) | 2023-06-09 |
| US20200067096A1 (en) | 2020-02-27 |
| WO2018158543A1 (fr) | 2018-09-07 |
| JP2020509611A (ja) | 2020-03-26 |
| US11710827B2 (en) | 2023-07-25 |
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