JP7233383B2 - アルミニウム基板、配向カーボンナノチューブ及び導電性有機ポリマーを含む電極の調製方法、電極並びにそれらの使用 - Google Patents
アルミニウム基板、配向カーボンナノチューブ及び導電性有機ポリマーを含む電極の調製方法、電極並びにそれらの使用 Download PDFInfo
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- 125000000609 carbazolyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3NC12)* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical class C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明により、既に述べた技術的課題を解決し、発明者らが自ら設定した目的を達成することが可能になる。
a)アルミニウムベース材料製の支持体上に、650℃以下の温度でCVD(化学蒸着)技術に従って垂直配向カーボンナノチューブのカーペットを合成する工程と、
b)前記マトリックスの少なくとも1種の前駆体モノマーと、少なくとも1種のイオン液体及び少なくとも1種のプロトン性溶媒又は非プロトン性溶媒を含む電解液から、前記カーボンナノチューブ上に前記マトリックスポリマーを電気化学的に堆積させる工程と
を含む、方法に関する。
- 特にプラズマによる酸素の処理、UV処理、X線若しくはγ線処理、電子及び重イオンの照射による処理等の物理的処理、又は
- アルコールカリによる処理、強酸(HCl、H2SO4、HNO3、HClO4)による処理、ソーダによる処理、強酸化剤(塩酸、硫酸又は硝酸中のKMnO4、K2Cr207、KClO3又はCrO3)による処理、オゾン処理及び酸素化雰囲気(O2、H2O等)下における熱処理等の化学処理
に基づく、2つの主要なタイプの表面改質に基づく。
b1)既に述べたように、アルミニウムベース材料製の支持体上で合成されたカーボンナノチューブを、前記導電性ポリマーマトリックスの前駆体モノマー、少なくとも1種のイオン液体、及び少なくとも1種のプロトン性溶媒又は非プロトン性溶媒を含む電解液と接触させることと、
b2)前記カーボンナノチューブを分極させることにより、前記導電性ポリマーマトリックスを前記カーボンナノチューブ上に電気化学的に堆積させることと
で構成されるサブ工程を含む。
- 20mV/sのスキャン速度で-0.5~1.5Vの間で、50サイクルにわたって電圧を印加すること、又は
- 5mV/sのスキャン速度で-0.2~1.4Vの間で、100サイクルにわたって電圧を印加すること
が挙げられる。
1)本発明による電極、例えば、正極用にポリ(3-メチルチオフェン)で作製されたマトリックスでコーティングされた垂直配向カーボンナノチューブを有するアルミニウムベースの材料(Al/VACNT/P3MT)で作製された支持体及び、単層又は二重層の活性炭電極を備えた非対称組立体、又は、
2)本発明による2つの電極であり、正極は、Al/VACNT/P3MT型であり得、負極は、ピロールマトリックスでコーティングされた垂直配向カーボンナノチューブを有するアルミニウムベースの材料(Al/VACNT/PPy)で作製された支持体に対応することができる、電極を備えた非対称2型組立体、又は、
3)本発明による2つの電極であり、p及びnドープ可能な共役ポリマーが各VACNT電極上に存在するもの、例えば、負極及び正極用のAl/VACNT/ポリ(フルオロフェニルチオフェン)を備えた非対称3型組立体、又は、
4)各VACNT電極上に2つの異なるp及びnドープ可能な共役ポリマー、例えば、負極にAl/VACNT/Poly(フルオロフェニルチオフェン)及び正極にAl/VACNT/P3MTを含む、非対称4型組立体
を含み得る。
電解質との界面に2つの電極を組み立てる異なる工程を含み、組立体が、電気を貯蔵及び回復するための前記デバイスを形成するための封入パッケージに含まれる、
方法に関する。
a’)組立体タイプ(対称又は非対称)に応じて所望の寸法に、かつ封入パッケージの幾何学的形状及び寸法(円筒形型電池、ボタン型電池、又はパウチセル等として知られる型の電池)に、少なくとも1つが本発明による電極であるか、又は本発明による調製方法により調製可能な電極である電極を切断し、セパレータを切断する工程、
b’)超音波溶接等により、各電極に一体の外部電気接続ストリップを作製する工程、
c’)電極をセパレータに組み込む工程、
d’)超音波溶接等により、外部電気接続ストリップをパッケージの外側の正及び負の端子に一体化する工程、
e’)電極/セパレータ組立体をパッケージ内の所定の位置に配置する工程、工程(d’)及び(e’)の順序は、逆にすることができ、
f’)電極/セパレータ組立体に電解質を添加し、拡散させる工程、並びに
g’)パッケージングを密封する工程、である。
- スーパーキャパシタ等のデバイスが複数の正極を含む場合、同一タイプの電極(負又は正)に共通の溶接を伴う電極をスタックしたもの、又は
- 円筒状システム又は巻回柱状システムを形成する、1つ又は2つの軸に正極又は負極を巻回したもの
が有利である。
- 少なくとも1種のプロトン性溶媒及び/若しくは非プロトン性溶媒、並びにイミダゾリウム塩、ピロリジニウム塩又はアンモニウム塩等の溶媒に溶解した少なくとも1種の塩、
- 又は、少なくとも1種の純粋なプロトン性及び/若しくは非プロトン性イオン液体
のいずれかを含むことができる。
以下に記載する本発明による電極の例示的な実施形態は、それらの静電容量に関する性能を強調し、その目的は、スーパーキャパシタタイプの電気を貯蔵及び復元するためのデバイスにおいて使用される高静電容量電極を提案することである。
電極が循環する電解質の影響を試験するために、カーボンナノチューブを備え、導電性ポリマーを含まないアルミニウム支持電極を使用した。
III.1.操作手順
1.13cm2の活性表面を有し、25μmの長さで1011~1012CNT/cm2のオーダーの高いナノチューブ表面密度の、垂直配向カーボンナノチューブを含むアルミニウム支持体を、上記のポイントIで記載したように調製した。
本発明による電極の表面単位当たりの静電容量を特徴付け、それを、同じ電極(カーボンナノチューブ及び同じ比表面積を備えた同じアルミニウム支持体)であるが導電性ポリマーを含まない電極の表面単位当たりの静電容量と比較するために、サイクリックボルタンメトリー技術を使用して、電圧を、10mV/sのスキャン速度で-0.5V~1.5Vの間で、5サイクルにわたって印加した。
IV.1.操作手順
ポイントIII.1の操作手順と比較して、この例では、高さがより高いカーボンナノチューブを備えたアルミニウム支持体と別の電解質を実施して、P3MTによりカーボンナノチューブを機能化する。
本発明による電極の表面単位当たりの静電容量を特徴付け、それを、同じ電極(カーボンナノチューブ及び同じ比表面積を備えた同じアルミニウム支持体)であるが導電性ポリマーを含まない電極の表面単位当たりの静電容量と比較するために、サイクリックボルタンメトリー技術を使用して、電圧を、10mV/sのスキャン速度で-0.2V~1.4の間で、5サイクルにわたって印加した。
ポイントIV.1のプロトコルに従って調製した電極に対して、エネルギー分散型X線(EDX)による分析に関連する走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)分析を実施した。
V.1.本発明によるスーパーキャパシタS1の調製。
スーパーキャパシタ又は電池S1と呼ばれるスーパーキャパシタは、非対称電極を備えたタイプCR2032のボタン電池の形態であり、
- 電極NTC1として知られる、3-メチルチオフェンから得られた導電性ポリマーに会合したアルミニウム支持体上の垂直配向カーボンナノチューブの電極、
- 活性炭電極、
- Celgard(登録商標)2500という名前で販売されている製品等、25μmの2つのポリプロピレン電極間のセパレータ、
- アセトニトリル及びEMITFSIに基づく2つの電極を分離する電解質
を含む。
スーパーキャパシタ又は電池S2と呼ばれるスーパーキャパシタは、カーボンナノチューブ、P3MTの質量比、及び防食添加剤を含まない電池の電解質に対する特性のレベルで、スーパーキャパシタS1と区別される。
スーパーキャパシタ又は電池S比較と呼ばれる比較スーパーキャパシタは、カーボンナノチューブを備えたアルミニウム支持電極を除き、電池S1及びS2等のボタン電池に相当する、つまり、正極及び負極NTC比較は、導電性ポリマーを一切含まない。
以下のTable I(表1)、Table II(表2)、及びTable III(表3)は、電池S1、電池S2、電池S比較mpの、1サイクル目と1500サイクル後の充放電容量及びクーロン効率、並びに静電容量維持率をそれぞれまとめている。静電容量維持率は、サイクリング後の静電容量の正規化された百分率である。「サイクル」とは、システムを完全に充電及び放電することを意味する。
[1] International application WO2015/071408 in the name of the CEA published on the 21 May 2015;
[2] Yoshikawa et al, 2008, “An efficient fabrication of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on flexible aluminum foils by catalyst-supported chemical vapor deposition”, Nanotechnology, vol. 19, 245607;
[3] Dorfler et al, 2013, “High power supercap electrodes based on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on aluminium”, J. of Power Sources, vol. 227, pages 218-228;
[4] Arcila-Velez et al, 2014, “Roll-to-roll synthesis of vertically aligned carbon nanotube electrodes for electrical double layer capacitors”, Nano Energy, vol. 8, pages 9-16;
[5] Liatard et al, 2015, “Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes on aluminum as a light-weight positive electrode for lithium-polysulphide batteries”, Chemical Communications, vol. 51, pages 7749-7752;
[6] Huang et al, 2012, “Exploring aligned-carbon-nanotubes@polyaniline arrays on household Al as supercapacitors”, ChemSusChem, vol. 5, pages 888-895;
[7] International application WO2012/004317 in the names of the CEA, Universite Francois Rabelais & Universite de Cergy Pontoise published on the 12 January 2012;
[8] Lagoutte et al, 2014, “Poly(3-methylthiophene)/vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes: electrochemical synthesis, characterizations and electrochemical storage properties in ionic liquids”, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 130, pages 754-765;
[9] Warren et al, 2015, “Electrochemically synthesized and vertically aligned carbon nanotube-polypyrrole nanolayers for high energy storage devices”, Sensors and Actuators A, vol. 231, pages 65-73;
[10] Liu et al, 2008, “Electropolymerization of high stable poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) in ionic liquid and its potential applications in electrochemical capacitor”, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 179, pages 858-862;
[11] Lagoutte et al, 2013, “Electrochemical and optical properties of poly(3,4-dimethylthiophene) and its copolymers with 3-methylthiophenein ionic liquids media”, Electrochimica Acta, vol. 106, pages 13-22;
[12] Kuhnel & Balducci, 2014, “Comparison of the anodic behavior of aluminium current collectors in imide based ionic liquids and consequences on the stability of high voltage supercapacitors”, J. Power Sources, vol. 249, pages 163-171;
[13] International application WO2008/016990 in the name of Ada Technologies published on the 7 February 2008.
Claims (14)
- アルミニウムベース材料製の支持体、垂直配向カーボンナノチューブ、及び導電性ポリマーマトリックスを含む電極の調製方法であって、以下の逐次工程:
a)アルミニウムベース材料製の支持体上に、650℃以下の温度でCVD(化学蒸着)技術に従って垂直配向カーボンナノチューブのカーペットを合成する工程と、
b)チオフェン及びその前駆体からなる群から選択された前記マトリックスの少なくとも1種の前駆体モノマーと、少なくとも1種のイオン液体及びアセトニトリルを含む電解液から、前記カーボンナノチューブ上に前記ポリマーマトリックスを電気化学的に堆積させる工程と
を含む、方法。 - 前記工程(a)における前記合成を、500℃~620℃の間に含まれる温度で実施することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の調製方法。
- 前記工程(a)の後であって前記工程(b)の前に、前記垂直配向カーボンナノチューブを酸化処理に供することを特徴とする、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記イオン液体が、ピリジニウム、ピリダジニウム、ピリミジニウム、ピラジニウム、イミダゾリウム、ピラゾリウム、チアゾリウム、オキサゾリウム、トリアゾリウム、アンモニウム、ピロリジニウム、ピロリニウム、ピロリウム、ピペリジニウム、のファミリーから選択される、置換又は非置換の少なくとも1つのプロトン性又は非プロトン性カチオン、並びにF-;Cl-,Br-;I-;NO3 -;N(CN)2 -;BF4 -;ClO4 -;PF6 -;RSO4 -;RSO3 -;RCOO-(式中、Rはアルキル又はフェニル基であり)、(CF3)2PF4 -;(CF3)3PF3 -;(CF3)4PF3 -;(CF3)5PF-;(CF3)6P-;(CF2SO3 -)2;(CF2CF2SO3 -)2;(CF3SO2)2N-;CF3CF2(CF3)2CO-;(CF3SO2)2CH-;(SF5)3C-;(CF3SO2)3C-;[O(CF3)2C2(CF3)2O]2PO-;CF3(CF2)7SO3 -;CNSe-;CNS-;ビス(オキサラト)ボレート、及びイミダゾールのアニオン誘導体から選択される、有機又は非有機、置換又は非置換の少なくとも1つのアニオンを有するイオン液体であることを特徴とする、請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記イオン液体が、ジアルキルピロリジニウムビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド([DAPyr][TFSI])、ジアルキルピロリジニウムビス(フルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド([DAPyr][FSI])、ジアルキルピロリジニウムテトラフルオロボレート([DAPyr][BF4])、ジアルキルピロリジニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート([DAPyr][PF6])、ジアルキルピロリジニウムセレノシアネート([DAPyr][SeCN])、ジアルキルピロリジニウムチオシアネート([DAPyr][SCN])、ジアルキルピロリジニウムブロミド([DAPyr][Br])、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド([EMI][TFSI])、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムビス(フルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド([EMI][FSI])、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムテトラフルオロボレート([EMI][BF4])、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート([EMI][PF6])、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムセレノシアネート([EMI][SeCN])、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムチオシアネート([EMI][SCN])、1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド([BMI][TFSI])、1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムテトラフルオロボレート([BMI][BF4])、1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート([BMI][PF6])、1-メチル-3-n-ヘキシルイミダゾリウムヨージド([MHIm][I])、及びブチルトリメチルアンモニウムビス(トリフルオロメチルスルホニル)イミド([BtMA][TFSI])によって構成される群から選択されることを特徴とする、請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記電解液の粘度が、温度及び圧力の標準条件において、0.37mPa.s~200mPa.sの間、有利には1.0mPa.s~36mPa.sの間に含まれることを特徴とする、請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記ポリマーマトリックスを電気化学的に堆積させる工程を、サイクル式及び/若しくはパルス式若しくは連続式定電流法、並びに/又はパルス式若しくは連続式定電位法によって実施することを特徴とする、請求項1から6のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記導電性ポリマーマトリックスが、この導電性ポリマーマトリックスでコーティングされた垂直配向カーボンナノチューブに対応する複合体の総質量と比較して、最大99%までの質量百分率を相当することを特徴とする、請求項1から7のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記工程(b)の後に、すすぎ工程、及び任意に乾燥工程を有することを特徴とする、請求項1から8のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法により調製することができる電極。
- 前記垂直配向カーボンナノチューブの密度が、ナノチューブ106~1013/cm2電極の間、有利にはナノチューブ108~1012/cm2のオーダー、特にナノチューブ1011~1012/cm2のオーダーに含まれることを特徴とする、請求項10に記載の電極。
- スーパーキャパシタ又は電池等の電気を貯蔵及び復元するためのデバイスの正/負極としての、光起電デバイス用の電極としての、CO2の貯蔵用の材料における、又は電気化学センサーの電極としての、請求項10又は11に記載の電極又は請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法により調製することができる電極の使用。
- 電気を貯蔵及び復元するためのデバイスであって、
(1)前記正極用の請求項10又は11に記載の電極又は請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法により調製することができる電極、及び単層又は二重層の活性炭電極を備えた非対称組立体、又は、
(2)請求項10又は11に記載の2つの電極又は請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法により調製することができる、2つの電極を備えた非対称タイプ2組立体、又は、
(3)請求項10又は11に記載の2つの電極又は請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法により調製することができる2つの電極であり、p及びnドープ可能な共役ポリマーが前記電極のそれぞれの上に存在する、2つの電極を備えた非対称タイプ3組立体、又は、
(4)請求項10又は11に記載の電極又は請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法により調製することができる電極のそれぞれの上に異なる2つのp及びnドープ可能な共役ポリマーを備えた非対称タイプ4組立体
を含む、デバイス。 - 少なくとも2つの電極と、前記2つの電極を分離する電解質とを含む、スーパーキャパシタ等の電気を貯蔵及び復元するためのデバイスの製造方法であって、前記電極のうちの少なくとも1つが、請求項10又は11に記載の電極又は請求項1から9のいずれか一項に記載の方法により調製することができる電極であり、
前記製造方法が、前記電解質との界面に前記2つの電極を組み立てる異なる工程を含み、前記電解質との界面に組み立てられた2つの電極が、電気を貯蔵及び回復するための前記デバイスを形成するための封入パッケージに含まれる、方法。
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FR3063493A1 (fr) | 2018-09-07 |
FR3063493B1 (fr) | 2023-06-09 |
EP3574539A1 (fr) | 2019-12-04 |
JP2020509611A (ja) | 2020-03-26 |
US11710827B2 (en) | 2023-07-25 |
US20200067096A1 (en) | 2020-02-27 |
WO2018158543A1 (fr) | 2018-09-07 |
CN110663125A (zh) | 2020-01-07 |
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