EP3887436A1 - Electrolyte polymere conducteur pour batteries - Google Patents
Electrolyte polymere conducteur pour batteriesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3887436A1 EP3887436A1 EP19808623.3A EP19808623A EP3887436A1 EP 3887436 A1 EP3887436 A1 EP 3887436A1 EP 19808623 A EP19808623 A EP 19808623A EP 3887436 A1 EP3887436 A1 EP 3887436A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lithium
- polymer electrolyte
- solid polymer
- electrolyte according
- thermoplastic polymer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 title description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Difluoroethene Chemical compound FC(F)=C BQCIDUSAKPWEOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- -1 Lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 12
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoroethylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)Cl UUAGAQFQZIEFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene Chemical group FC(Cl)=C FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- HNCXPJFPCAYUGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dilithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F HNCXPJFPCAYUGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium perchlorate Chemical compound [Li+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O MHCFAGZWMAWTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001486 lithium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanide Chemical compound [CH3-] LGRLWUINFJPLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N trilithium;difluoro oxalate;borate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[Li+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].FOC(=O)C(=O)OF NDZWKTKXYOWZML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910015013 LiAsF Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001166 Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 48
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002134 carbon nanofiber Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002071 nanotube Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical class C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Butyrolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCO1 YEJRWHAVMIAJKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002048 multi walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 5
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triflic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCCO1 YFHICDDUDORKJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-trifluoroethene Chemical group FC=C(F)F MIZLGWKEZAPEFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-cyanopropan-2-yldiazenyl)-2-methylpropanenitrile Chemical compound N#CC(C)(C)N=NC(C)(C)C#N OZAIFHULBGXAKX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N phenyl(114C)methanol Chemical compound O[14CH2]C1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002109 single walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical group OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011262 electrochemically active material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004299 exfoliation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004811 fluoropolymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002074 nanoribbon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCC1 BGTOWKSIORTVQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002079 double walled nanotube Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)manganese;manganese Chemical compound [Mn].O[Mn]=O.O[Mn]=O AMWRITDGCCNYAT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000011244 liquid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZIRAMZRKLHPLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium fluorosulfonyl(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.[Li+] ZIRAMZRKLHPLPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002135 nanosheet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethyl phosphate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(OCC)OCC DQWPFSLDHJDLRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound F\C=C\C(F)(F)F CDOOAUSHHFGWSA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N (e)-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)\C=C\Cl LDTMPQQAWUMPKS-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene Chemical compound FC(=C)C(F)(F)F FXRLMCRCYDHQFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)=C OQISUJXQFPPARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C=C FDMFUZHCIRHGRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 101100317222 Borrelia hermsii vsp3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005708 Sodium hypochlorite Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical class [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical class [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQNMYOLYEWHUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;methoxymethane;propane-1,2-diol Chemical compound COC.CC(O)=O.CC(O)CO SQNMYOLYEWHUCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019445 benzyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930188620 butyrolactone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000428 cobalt oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt(ii) oxide Chemical compound [Co]=O IVMYJDGYRUAWML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006114 decarboxylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- JQZRVMZHTADUSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L di(octanoyloxy)tin Chemical compound [Sn+2].CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC([O-])=O JQZRVMZHTADUSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000001028 difluoromethyl group Chemical group [H]C(F)(F)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013213 extrapolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CVVIFWCYVZRQIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazol-3-ide-4,5-dicarbonitrile Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C1=NC(C#N)=C(C#N)[N-]1 CVVIFWCYVZRQIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006362 organocatalysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);zirconium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Zr+4] RVTZCBVAJQQJTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006219 poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium hypochlorite Chemical compound [Na+].Cl[O-] SUKJFIGYRHOWBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinonitrile Chemical compound N#CCCC#N IAHFWCOBPZCAEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- C08J5/2237—Synthetic macromolecular compounds based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving unsaturated carbon-to-carbon bonds containing fluorine
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- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/497—Ionic conductivity
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
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- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- TITLE ELECTROLYTE CONDUCTIVE POLYMER FOR BATTERIES
- the present invention relates to the field of lithium batteries, and more particularly of lithium-polymer batteries and so-called “All Solid” batteries. These batteries can involve alkaline cations like Na or Li, alkaline earth cations like Ca or Mg or aluminum.
- the invention relates to a solid polymer electrolyte in the form of an organic-organic composite material, intended for use in such a battery.
- the invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such an electrolyte.
- This electrolyte is in particular intended for the production of a lithium-polymer battery, of a so-called "All Solid” battery, in particular as regards the ionic conductor separator.
- the invention therefore also relates to a battery separator comprising such a polymer electrolyte, to its manufacturing processes and to the battery incorporating this electrolyte.
- the usual lithium-ion batteries include flammable liquid electrolytes based on solvents and lithium salts. Faced with the growing use of this type of batteries in the field of electronic consumer products such as computers, tablets or mobile phones (smartphones), but also in the field of transport with in particular electric vehicles, the improvement safety and reducing the manufacturing cost of these lithium batteries have become major challenges.
- lithium-polymer batteries comprising solid polymer electrolytes, also noted SPEs (acronym for "Solid Polymer Electrolytes"), replacing flammable liquid electrolytes, have been studied for a few years.
- SPEs solid polymer electrolytes
- SPEs have shown great potential both for small-scale applications, such as three-dimensional micro batteries for example, and for large-scale energy storage applications, such as for electric vehicles. .
- polyethers such as for example poly (ethylene oxide), also noted POE.
- polyethers such as for example poly (ethylene oxide), also noted POE.
- these polymers have the drawback of crystallizing easily, especially at temperatures close to ambient temperature, which has the effect of significantly reducing the ionic conductivity of the polymer. This is why, these polymers only allow use of the battery in which they are inserted, at a minimum temperature of 60 ° C. However, it should be possible to use such a battery at room temperature and even at negative temperature.
- these POEs are very hydrophilic and tend to plasticize, especially in the presence of lithium salts, which reduces their mechanical stability.
- Aliphatic polycarbonates have also been studied as a host polymer matrix for SPEs.
- the cyclic carbonates can be polymerized by ring opening to create linear macromolecular carbonates in the solid state.
- Such polymers of ethylene carbonate have been prepared and successfully used as electrolytes which conduct lithium Li + ions, although the stability of 5-atom cyclic carbonates, such as ethylene carbonate, makes these latter candidates. less ideal for controlled polymerization.
- the polymerization of ethylene carbonate is in fact accompanied by decarboxylation, leading to a copolymer of carbonate and ethylene oxide.
- Brandell et al further describe that the copolymerization of caprolactone with trimethylene carbonate allows an amorphous ionic conductive polymer to be obtained, with a low glass transition temperature of -63.7 ° C.
- the polymers described in these documents remain dangerous for use as a solid polymer electrolyte for batteries. Indeed, the large amount of residual monomer presents a risk of flammability.
- the polymers described in these two documents have molecular weights in number much greater than 100,000 g / mol to avoid problems of mechanical stability, in particular at the level of the electrodes, so that they do not dissociate from the metal current collector. .
- the higher the polymer is the more it is to the detriment of the mobility of its chains and of its ionic conductivity.
- the organocatalyst is organic, such as AMS (methane sulfonic acid) or HOTf (trifluoromethane sulfonic acid), that is to say that the polymerization takes place without the introduction of derivatives metallic, such as tin salts.
- Methane sulfonic acid has been shown to be very effective in the polymerization of e-caprolactone (e-CL) or trimethylene carbonate (TMC), and trifluoromethane sulfonic acid (HOTf) is an organic catalyst. choice for carrying out the controlled polymerization of b-butyrolactone.
- Oligomers having a high ionic conductivity are known but they have no mechanical strength.
- Low glass transition temperatures (Tg) are sought to improve the conductivity, but this is achieved at the expense of mechanical properties. Conversely, when these are better, it is either because the molar mass has been increased, or because the polymer has crystallinity.
- the Applicant has therefore sought a solution for producing a solid polymer electrolyte having a satisfactory ionic conductivity even at low temperature, that is to say at room temperature and even at a negative temperature, typically at a temperature between + 60 ° C. and -20 ° C, and to do this, it chose to separate the mechanical functions and the conduction functions.
- the invention therefore aims to remedy at least one of the drawbacks of the prior art.
- the invention aims in particular to provide a solid polymer electrolyte having a satisfactory ionic conductivity even at low temperatures, below 60 ° C and up to -20 ° C.
- the conductive part of the electrolyte must have the lowest possible crystallinity and a glass transition temperature lower than the operating temperature of the battery for which it is intended.
- the polymer electrolyte material must also make it possible to produce electrodes allowing good cohesion of the particles, as well as good adhesion to the current collector.
- the polymer electrolyte material must also make it possible to produce a separator having a satisfactory electrochemical stability (potential depending on the cathode material used), and a satisfactory ionic conductivity over the temperature range of use envisaged.
- the invention also aims to propose a method for synthesizing such a material which is simple and quick to implement and inexpensive.
- the invention relates to a solid polymer electrolyte intended for use in a battery operating at a temperature below 60 ° C, said electrolyte comprising:
- thermoplastic polymer in the form of a porous film, said polymer having a molecular mass greater than 50,000 g / mol,
- the thermoplastic polymer is a compound of general formula: - [(CRiR 2 -CR 3 R 4 ) -] n where Ri, R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently H, F, CH 3 , Cl, Br, CF 3 , it being understood that at least one of these radicals is F or CF 3 .
- the thermoplastic polymers are characterized by piezoelectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric or ferroelectric relaxer properties.
- thermoplastic polymer used in the solid polymer electrolyte composition is prepared in the form of a porous film.
- the solid polymer electrolyte according to the invention comprises an oligomer which impregnates the film of thermoplastic polymer.
- this ion-conducting oligomer carries at least one group having a physical or chemical affinity with the thermoplastic polymer.
- the invention also relates to a separator for a lithium-polymer battery, said separator being characterized in that it comprises the solid polymer electrolyte described above.
- Another object of the invention is a lithium-polymer battery comprising a separator based on the solid polymer electrolyte described above, disposed between an anode made of lithium metal and a cathode.
- the invention relates to a lithium battery comprising a stack of layers, said stack comprising an anode preferably made of lithium metal, a cathode and a separator, said battery being characterized in that said separator comprises a polymer electrolyte solid as described above.
- the present invention overcomes the drawbacks of the state of the art. It more particularly provides solid polymer electrolytes having satisfactory ionic conductivity even at low temperatures.
- an organic-organic composite polymer material consisting of a porous film of semi-crystalline thermoplastic polymer, which is impregnated with an ion-conducting oligomer having at least one function having an affinity for the thermoplastic polymer.
- This type of polymer electrolyte is produced using a very simple, rapid and inexpensive process. It is content with operations of dissolution, drying and impregnation which can be done at very moderate temperatures.
- thermoplastic polymer backbone makes it possible to maintain the mechanical strength, the conduction and mechanical resistance functions (mechanical module) are dissociated.
- the solid polymer electrolyte of the invention ensures mechanical stability during the charge / discharge cycles of the battery, by making it possible to maintain the cohesion of the electrode during the volume variations linked to the insertion / disinsertion of the Lithium, without compromising ionic conductivity with too long chains.
- a dimensional stability problem especially with POE, it was necessary to make polymers with very long chains and ensure the mechanical stability of the electrode.
- this increase in the molecular weight of the polymer takes place at the expense of the mobility of its chains, and of its ionic conductivity.
- the invention relates to a solid polymer electrolyte intended for use in a battery operating at a temperature below 60 ° C, said electrolyte comprising:
- thermoplastic polymer in the form of a porous film, said polymer having a molecular mass greater than 50,000 g / mol,
- polymer is meant a macromolecule consisting of a chain of one or more monomers, joined to each other by covalent bonds; this term covers here homopolymers, copolymers made up of two different constituent units and copolymers made up of three or more different constituent units.
- thermoplastic polymer refers to a polymer which turns into a flowable, liquid or pasty fluid when heated and which can take on new forms by the application of heat and pressure.
- the thermoplastic polymer of the invention can be amorphous or semi-crystalline.
- thermoplastic polymer has good mechanical properties and can be crosslinked.
- good mechanical properties is meant a Young's modulus at the maximum operating temperature of at least 1 MPa, preferably at least 10 MPa.
- the thermoplastic polymer has a number average molecular weight greater than 50,000 g / mol. According to one embodiment, the thermoplastic polymer has a number average molecular mass greater than 100,000 g / mol and preferably greater than 200,000 g / mol.
- the molecular weight can also be evaluated by measuring the melt index (10 minutes) at 230 ° C under a load of 10 kg according to ASTM D1238 (ISO 1133). The MFI measured under these conditions can be between 0.2 and 20 g / 10 minutes and preferably between 0.5 and 10 g / 10 minutes.
- thermoplastic polymer is a compound of general formula: [- (CR1R2-CR3R4H 11 where Ri, R2, R3 and R4 are independently H, F, CFL, Cl, Br, CF3, it being understood that the at least one of these radicals is F or CF3.
- said thermoplastic polymer is a homopolymer of said monomer - (CR1R2-CR3R4) -.
- said thermoplastic polymer is the following homopolymer: [- (CH2-CF2H 11 ,
- said thermoplastic polymer is a copolymer with two different constituent units or a terpolymer with three different constituent units or a copolymer with four or more different constituent units comprising units derived from said monomer and units derived from at least one another comonomer.
- These copolymers with at least two different constituent units are random or block copolymers.
- the term copolymer will be used to denote any copolymer consisting of at least two different constituent units.
- thermoplastic polymers and copolymers are semi-crystalline with degrees of crystallinity of between 10 and 90% and preferably between 20 and 70%.
- thermoplastic polymers are characterized in that they have piezoelectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric or ferroelectric relaxer properties.
- such polymers are the copolymers P (VDF-TrFE), the VDF / TrFE molar ratio of the structural units being between 9 and 0.1 and preferably being between 4 and 1.
- copolymers are those of formula P (VDF-TrFE) and of molar composition 80/20, which have a relative dielectric permittivity of the order of 9-12 measured at a frequency of 1 kHz and at room temperature.
- such polymers are the terpolymers P (VDF-TrFE-CTFE) in which the molar level of VDF varies from 40 to 95%, the molar level of TrFE varies from 5 to 60%, and the rate CTFE molar ranges from 0.5 to 20%.
- terpolymers are those having a molar composition of 65/31/4 with a melting point (Pf) of 130 ° C and a relative dielectric permittivity of 60 to 50 ° C and 1 kHz.
- thermoplastic polymer entering into the solid polymer electrolyte composition is prepared in the form of a porous film.
- the production of the porous film of the invention comprises the following stages:
- the deposition or "coating” processes are preferably coatings: by centrifugation ("spin-coating”), by spraying or atomization (“spray coating”), by coating in particular with a bar or a film puller (“Bar coating”), by coating with a slot head (“slot coating”), by immersion (“dip coating”), by roller printing (“roU-to-roU printing”), by printing in screen-printing, flexographic printing, lithographic printing or ink-jet printing.
- the non-solvent is selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, or a mixture thereof.
- the solvent is chosen from the group consisting of ketones, esters, in particular cyclic esters, dimethyl sulfoxide, phosphoric esters such as triethyl phosphate, carbonates, ethers such as tetrahydrofuran, and a mixture thereof, preferably the solvent being chosen from the group consisting of ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, gamma-butyrolactone, triethyl phosphate, cyclopentanone, monomethyl ether acetate propylene glycol and a mixture of these.
- the solvent is gamma-butyrolactone and the non-solvent is benzyl alcohol, or the solvent is ethyl acetate and the non-solvent is benzyl alcohol, or the solvent is methyl ethyl ketone and the non-solvent is benzyl alcohol.
- the porous film thus obtained has pores having an average diameter of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, preferably 0.2 to 5 m m, more preferably 0.3 to 4 m m.
- the average pore diameter can be measured by scanning electron microscopy.
- the solid polymer electrolyte according to the invention comprises an oligomer which impregnates the film of thermoplastic polymer.
- An oligomer, or oligomer molecule is an intermediate compound between a monomer and a polymer, the structure of which essentially comprises a small plurality of monomeric units.
- An oligomer generally has a number of monomeric units ranging from 5 to 100 and / or a number-average molecular weight less than or equal to 5000 g / mole. The number of monomeric units is most often less than 50, or even 30.
- the number-average molecular mass can in particular be less than 4000 g / mol, or 3000 g / mol, or even 2000 g / mol.
- This oligomer is ionic conductor, namely it advantageously has an ionic conductivity of at least 0.1 mS / cm at 25 ° C. in the presence of Li salt. It is necessarily in the pure liquid state or must be dissolved in a solvent.
- the ion-conducting oligomer has a function having an affinity for the thermoplastic polymer.
- G oligomer advantageously comprises the group -CR2-O, where R is: H, alkyl, aryl or alkenyl, the preferred group being H.
- the oligomer has at least one group of polyethylene glycol (PEG) type.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- methoxy polyethylene glycol methacrylates are of interest.
- the Sartomer SR 550 is shown below:
- Solid polymer electrolyte The solid polymer electrolyte has a satisfactory ionic conductivity of at least 0.1 mS / cm, at 25 ° C.
- thermoplastic polymer film In addition to the thermoplastic polymer film and the oligomer, it contains one or more lithium salt (s).
- the electrolyte salts which are dissolved in the oligomer, are chosen from at least one of the following salts, when the technology is a lithium-based technology: Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPL ô ); Lithium perchlorate (LiCICL); Lithium hexafluoroarsenate (LiAsL O); Lithium tetrafluoroborate (L1BL4); Lithium 4,5-dicyano-2- (trifluoromethyl) imidazol-l-ide (LiTDI); Lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiLSI); Lithium bis-trifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiTLSI); Lithium N-fluorosulfonyl-trifluoromethansulfonylamide (Li-LTLSI); Lithium tris (fluorosulfonyl) methide (Li-LSM); Lithium bis
- the thermoplastic polymer is present in an amount ranging from 10% to 90%, preferably from 20% to 80%, and the oligomer is present in an amount ranging from 90% to 10%, preferably 80% to 20% based on the total weight of the solid polymer electrolyte.
- the invention also relates to a process for manufacturing the polymer electrolyte, characterized in that it consists in dissolving the lithium salt (s) in the conductive oligomer then in impregnating the polymer film with this solution thermoplastic.
- thermoplastic polymer can be crosslinked or not.
- crosslinking agents such as free radical generators, among which there may be mentioned azo compounds such as azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) or peroxides such as Luperox ® 26.
- AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile
- Luperox ® 26 peroxides
- the invention also relates to a separator for a lithium-polymer battery, said separator being characterized in that it comprises the solid polymer electrolyte described above.
- the solid polymer electrolyte is deposited on a porous support of the cellulose, polyolefin or polyacrylonitrile type. Its thickness is between 4 and 50 microns, preferably between 7 and 35 microns, and even more preferably, between 10 and 20 microns.
- the separator can also include inorganic particles up to 50% by mass.
- these particles are chosen from conductive ceramics, such as sulfur ceramics LUS - P2S5 (molar ratio between LUS and P2S5 between 1 and 3) and their derivatives, Perovskites (Normal types A n B IV 0 3 ) gaps type LU x La 2/3-x Ti0 3 which can be doped with Al, Ga, Ge or Ba, Garnet type LÎ 7 La 3 Zr 2 0i 2 which can be doped Ta, W, Al, Ti, NASICON types LiGe 2 (P0 4 ) 3 , LiTÎ 2 (P0 4 ) 3 can be doped Ti, Ge, Al, P, Ga, Si., Anti-Perovskites of LhOCl type, Na 3 0Cl can be doped OH or Ba.
- sulfur ceramics LUS - P2S5 molefidel
- Perovskites Normal types A n B IV 0 3
- Garnet type LÎ 7 La 3 Zr 2 0i 2 which can be doped Ta, W,
- these particles are chosen from intrinsic non-conductive fillers or very low intrinsic conductive fillers at room temperature, such as silicas, aluminas, titanium oxides, zirconium oxides, and their mixtures.
- these particles are chosen from fillers having relative permittivities greater than 2000, such as barium, strontium and lead titanates, lead zirconates, zirconium and lead titanates, and their mixtures .
- the separator may contain other additives, such as agents facilitating the mobility of the conductive chains, in particular succinonitrile.
- Another object of the invention is a lithium-polymer battery comprising a separator based on the solid polymer electrolyte described above, disposed between an anode made of lithium metal and a cathode.
- the invention relates to a lithium battery comprising a stack of layers, said stack comprising an anode preferably made of lithium metal, a cathode and a separator.
- the cathode is composed of:
- an electrochemically active material between 35 and 98% by mass. More particularly, the electrochemically active material is chosen, without limitation, from at least one of the following materials: lithiated iron phosphate (LFP); lithiated oxide of nickel, manganese and cobalt (NMC); lithiated oxide of nickel, cobalt and aluminum (NCA); manganese lithiated oxide (LMO); lithiated nickel and manganese oxide (NM); lithiated cobalt oxide (LCO), sulfur; or a mixture of these.
- Low conductive materials such as iron or manganese phosphates can be covered with a carbon layer to improve electronic conduction:
- Conductive additives between 0.15 and 25% by mass, chosen from at least one of the following carbon charges: carbon black, single or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphites, graphenes, fullerenes, or a mixture of these;
- a polymer electrolyte between 20 and 60% by mass
- a polymer to bind the particles together and improve the mechanical strength and the adhesion to the collector between 0 and 5% by mass chosen from at least one of the following binders: poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and its derivatives and copolymers; carboxymethylcellulose (CMC); styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR); poly (ethylene oxide) (POE); poly (propylene oxide) (POP); polyglycols; or a mixture of these.
- PVDF poly (vinylidene fluoride)
- CMC carboxymethylcellulose
- SBR styrene-butadiene rubber
- POE poly (ethylene oxide)
- POP poly (propylene oxide)
- polyglycols or a mixture of these.
- the current collector of such a cathode is made of aluminum, carbon-coated aluminum or carbon.
- the anode is composed of:
- Electrochemically active material which can be treated lithium metal, graphite, lithiated titanium oxide (LTO), silicon, silicon-carbon composites, graphene.
- the active material can be coated with carbon to improve electronic conduction;
- Conductive additives present at between 0.15 and 25% by mass, chosen from at least one of the following carbon charges: carbon black, single or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphites, graphenes, fullerenes or a mixture of these;
- a polymer electrolyte between 15 and 60% by mass.
- the current collector of such an anode is made of copper, carbon or nickel, but for Li-metal technology, it is envisaged that the Li sheet is its own collector.
- the conductive additives forming part of the anode and / or the cathode can be chosen from carbonaceous fillers.
- carbon charges according to the invention means a charge comprising an element from the group formed of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, fullerenes and carbon black, or a mixture of these in any proportion.
- graphene according to the invention means a flat graphite sheet, isolated and individualized, but also, by extension, an assembly comprising between one and a few tens of sheets and having a flat or more or less wavy structure.
- This definition therefore includes FLG (Few Layer Graphene or weakly stacked graphene), NGP (Nanosized Graphene Plates), CNS (Carbon NanoSheets or graphene nano-sheets), GNR (Graphene NanoRibbons or graphene nano-ribbons).
- FLG Few Layer Graphene or weakly stacked graphene
- NGP Nanosized Graphene Plates
- CNS Carbon NanoSheets or graphene nano-sheets
- GNR Graphene NanoRibbons or graphene nano-ribbons
- the carbonaceous fillers are carbon nanotubes, alone or in admixture with graphene.
- Carbon nanotubes can be of the single wall type (SWCNT for “Single Wall Carbon NanoTube”), double wall or multiple walls (MWCNT for “Multi Wall Carbon NanoTube”).
- Double-walled nanotubes can in particular be prepared as described by Llahaut, E. et al, “Gram-scale CCVD synthesis of double-walled carbon nanotubes. (2003) Chemical Communications (n ° 12) pp. 1442-1443.
- the nanotubes with multiple walls can for their part be prepared as described in the document WO 03/02456.
- Nanotubes usually have an average diameter ranging from 0.1 to 100 nm, preferably from 0.4 to 50 nm and, better still, from 1 to 30 nm, or even from 10 to 15 nm, and advantageously a length of 0.1 at 10 pm.
- Their length / diameter ratio is preferably greater than 10 and most often greater than 100.
- Their specific surface is for example between 100 and 300 m 2 / g, advantageously between 200 and 300 m 2 / g, and their apparent density can in particular be between 0.05 and 0.5 g / cm3 and more preferably between 0.1 and 0.2 g / cm3.
- the multi-wall nanotubes can for example comprise from 5 to 20 sheets (or walls) and more preferably from 7 to 10 sheets.
- crude carbon nanotubes is especially commercially available from Arkema under the trade name Graphistrength® ® C100.
- these nanotubes can be purified and / or treated (for example oxidized) and / or ground and / or functionalized, before their use in the process according to the invention.
- the purification of the crude or ground nanotubes can be carried out by washing with a sulfuric acid solution, so as to rid them of any residual mineral and metallic impurities. Purification can be performed by heat treatment at high temperature (above 2200 ° C) under an inert atmosphere.
- the oxidation of the nanotubes is advantageously carried out by bringing them into contact with a solution of sodium hypochlorite or by exposure to oxygen in the air at a temperature of 600-700 ° C.
- the functionalization of the nanotubes can be carried out by grafting reactive units such as vinyl monomers on the surface of the nanotubes.
- the graphene used can be obtained by chemical vapor deposition or CVD, preferably according to a process using a powdery catalyst based on a mixed oxide. It is typically in the form of particles with a thickness of less than 50 nm, preferably of less than 15 nm, more preferably of less than 5 nm and of lateral dimensions less than one micron, from 10 to 1000 nm , preferably from 50 to 600 nm, and more preferably from 100 to 400 nm. Each of these particles generally contains from 1 to 50 sheets, preferably from 1 to 20 sheets and more preferably from 1 to 10 sheets.
- Graphene particles can also be obtained by cutting carbon nanotubes along the longitudinal axis ("Micro-Wave Synthesis of Large Few-Layer Graphene Sheets in Aqueous Solution of Ammonia", Janowska, I. et al, NanoResearch, 2009 or “Narrow Graphene nanoribbons from Carbon Nanotubes", Jiao L. et al, Nature, 458: 877-880, 2009).
- Yet another method of preparing graphene consists in decomposing silicon carbide at high temperature, under vacuum.
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- RF-CVD radio frequency generator
- Fullerenes are molecules composed exclusively or almost exclusively of carbons which can take a geometric shape reminiscent of that of a sphere, an ellipsoid, a tube (called nanotube) or a ring.
- Fullerenes can by example be selected from: fullerene C60 which is a compound formed of 60 carbon atoms of spherical shape, C70, PCBM of formula [6,6] -phenyl-C61-methyl butyrate which is a derivative of fullerene whose chemical structure has been modified to make it soluble, and PC 71 BM of formula [6,6] -phenyl-C71-methyl butyrate.
- Carbon nanofibers are, like carbon nanotubes, nanofilaments produced by chemical vapor deposition (or CVD) from a carbon source which is decomposed on a catalyst comprising a transition metal (Fe, Ni, Co, Cu), in the presence of hydrogen, at temperatures of 500 to 1200 ° C.
- Carbon nanofibers consist of more or less organized graphitic zones (or turbostratic stacks) whose planes are inclined at variable angles relative to the axis of the fiber. These stacks may take the form of plates, fishbones or cups stacked to form structures having a diameter generally ranging from 100 nm to 500 nm or even more.
- Carbon nanofibers having a diameter of 100 to 200 nm, e.g., about 150 nm (VGCF ® from SHOWA DENKO), and advantageously a length of 100 to 200 .mu.m are preferred in the process according to the invention.
- carbon black can be used as carbon fillers, which is a colloidal carbonaceous material produced industrially by incomplete combustion of heavy petroleum products, which is in the form of carbon spheres and of aggregates of these spheres and whose dimensions are generally between 10 and 1000 nm.
- these conductive additives are added to the composition of each electrode with a content of between 0.25 and 25% by mass.
- the ionic conductivity is determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
- the materials are placed between two stainless steel electrodes (measured thickness of the order of 100 ⁇ m), inside a sealed cell.
- the films are prepared and the cell is assembled in a glove box under an argon atmosphere.
- the cell is brought to 80 ° C for 1 hour to ensure good contact between the sample and the stainless steel electrodes.
- the actual measurement is carried out using a Bio-Logic VMP3 potentiostat / galvanostat / EIS between 1 Hz and 1 MHz at an amplitude of 500 mV.
- Electrochemical stability represents the ability of an electrolyte to resist electrochemical decompositions. Electrochemical stability measurements have been made in button cells (2 electrodes) format CR2032 at 60 ° C, using SUS 316L stainless steel as working surface on an area of 2.01 cm 2 on a sample of copolymer film prepared according to Example 2.
- the electrochemical method used is slow cyclovoltametry implemented with a scanning speed of 1 mV / s. This method illustrates the oxidation current as a function of the voltage: each time the current approaches zero, the operating voltage of the polymer electrolyte is stable. The electrochemical stability is equal to 4.5 V.
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FR1872144A FR3089355B1 (fr) | 2018-11-30 | 2018-11-30 | Electrolyte polymere conducteur pour batteries |
PCT/EP2019/082968 WO2020109505A1 (fr) | 2018-11-30 | 2019-11-28 | Electrolyte polymere conducteur pour batteries |
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JPH113717A (ja) * | 1997-04-17 | 1999-01-06 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | ハイブリッド電解質および電池 |
US6645675B1 (en) * | 1999-09-02 | 2003-11-11 | Lithium Power Technologies, Inc. | Solid polymer electrolytes |
FR2826646B1 (fr) | 2001-06-28 | 2004-05-21 | Toulouse Inst Nat Polytech | Procede de fabrication selective de nanotubes de carbone ordonne en lit fluidise |
KR100531724B1 (ko) * | 2004-02-26 | 2005-11-29 | 재단법인서울대학교산학협력재단 | 올리고머 점성체 함침 다공막형 무용매 고분자 전해질 및이를 채용한 2차전지 |
JP5315996B2 (ja) | 2006-07-18 | 2013-10-16 | 味の素株式会社 | 総合経腸栄養組成物 |
FR2912751B1 (fr) | 2007-02-16 | 2012-07-13 | Arkema France | Procede de preparation de polylactones et polylactames |
US7824651B2 (en) | 2007-05-08 | 2010-11-02 | Nanotek Instruments, Inc. | Method of producing exfoliated graphite, flexible graphite, and nano-scaled graphene platelets |
JP5497245B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-09 | 2014-05-21 | 帝人株式会社 | 非水系二次電池用セパレータ、その製造方法および非水系二次電池 |
JP6250495B2 (ja) * | 2014-07-29 | 2017-12-20 | ヒラノ技研工業株式会社 | ポリプロピレン微多孔性膜及びその製造方法 |
US10497968B2 (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2019-12-03 | Global Graphene Group, Inc. | Solid state electrolyte for lithium secondary battery |
JP6754593B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-18 | 2020-09-16 | 古河機械金属株式会社 | リチウムイオン電池 |
FR3054078B1 (fr) * | 2016-07-13 | 2018-09-07 | Institut Polytechnique De Grenoble | Materiau a conduction ionique pour generateur electrochimique et procedes de fabrication |
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