EP3567204A1 - Bâtiment doté d'une façade et procédé de fermeture d'une ouverture dans une façade - Google Patents

Bâtiment doté d'une façade et procédé de fermeture d'une ouverture dans une façade Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3567204A1
EP3567204A1 EP19173223.9A EP19173223A EP3567204A1 EP 3567204 A1 EP3567204 A1 EP 3567204A1 EP 19173223 A EP19173223 A EP 19173223A EP 3567204 A1 EP3567204 A1 EP 3567204A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
opening
sealing element
internal pressure
building
interior
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19173223.9A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christoph Maurer
Tilmann E. KUHN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV filed Critical Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Publication of EP3567204A1 publication Critical patent/EP3567204A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/02—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary
    • E06B9/06—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary collapsible or foldable, e.g. of the bellows or lazy-tongs type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E06B7/02—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows for providing ventilation, e.g. through double windows; Arrangement of ventilation roses
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B7/00—Special arrangements or measures in connection with doors or windows
    • E06B7/16—Sealing arrangements on wings or parts co-operating with the wings
    • E06B7/22—Sealing arrangements on wings or parts co-operating with the wings by means of elastic edgings, e.g. elastic rubber tubes; by means of resilient edgings, e.g. felt or plush strips, resilient metal strips
    • E06B7/23—Plastic, sponge rubber, or like strips or tubes
    • E06B7/2318—Plastic, sponge rubber, or like strips or tubes by applying over- or under-pressure, e.g. inflatable
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/02—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary
    • E06B9/06—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary collapsible or foldable, e.g. of the bellows or lazy-tongs type
    • E06B9/0692—Shutters, movable grilles, or other safety closing devices, e.g. against burglary collapsible or foldable, e.g. of the bellows or lazy-tongs type comprising flexible sheets as closing screen

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a building with a facade, which separates an interior from an exterior space surrounding the building, wherein the facade has at least one closable opening, through which an exchange of air between the interior and exterior space can be made possible. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for closing an opening in a facade, which separates an interior of an outer space surrounding the building, wherein the opening allows an exchange of air between the interior and exterior space. Devices and methods of the type mentioned can be used to flow through a building with cool outside air and thereby to dehydrate.
  • WO 2014/114563 A1 is a construction element with adjustable heat transfer coefficient known. This can be used, for example, to reduce the U-value in cool outdoor temperatures in winter or on hot summer days to minimize the heat input or the heat emission from the building. If increased heat dissipation is desired, for example for cooling the interior in cool summer nights, the U-value can be increased, so that heat can be released from the interior to the exterior. This energy can be saved for the cooling or air conditioning of the interior.
  • this known construction element has the disadvantage that the U value can not be greater than that of a double glazing of about 2.7 W / (m 2 ⁇ K). If the design element is operated with a low U-value in order to limit the heat exchange between interior and exterior space, then this U-value is reduced to about 1.3, ie by a factor of about 2.
  • the invention is thus based on the object of efficiently dehumidifying a building in summer and of avoiding heat losses in winter.
  • the energy consumption compared to a mechanical ventilation or air conditioning is to be reduced and increased security against window ventilation.
  • the facade of the building can be designed in a conventional manner in lightweight or solid construction.
  • the façade may be constructed of concrete, masonry, steel construction or timber frame construction.
  • the facade can optionally be provided with an insulation, which contains, for example, vacuum panels, hard foam, stone or glass wool or other insulation materials known per se.
  • the facade separates in this way one Interior of the building from an exterior space surrounding the building. Due to the facade, the interior is essentially airtight, soundproof and thermally decoupled from the outside decoupled.
  • the façade means at least one essentially vertically arranged part of the building envelope.
  • the building thus produced may be a residential building, an office building or an industrial building, for example a production hall.
  • At least one closable opening is arranged in the facade in a manner known per se.
  • the opening allows air exchange between the interior and exterior, for example, to remove used air from the interior or to heat a cool interior by warm ambient air.
  • the opening serves to cool a heated in the summer months on hot days interior space during the night, by cooler outside air can penetrate into the interior.
  • the opening is provided with a closure element which is adapted to control the exchange of air between the interior and exterior.
  • the closure element By opening the closure element, the air can escape from the interior into the exterior space and air can enter the interior from the exterior space.
  • By closing the closure element the air exchange between the interior and exterior space can be at least reduced.
  • the opening may thus be a window, a door or a ventilation duct or contain such elements.
  • the closure element contains at least one sealing element made of an elastic material, which can be acted upon to close the opening with an internal pressure.
  • the internal pressure within the sealing element causes it to change its shape and / or increases its cross-section or the in the plane of the opening projected surface of the sealing element is increased.
  • the sealing element can cover the free area of the opening completely or partially and thus close the opening.
  • By reducing or releasing the internal pressure from the sealing element its cross-section or the area projected in the area of the opening is reduced, so that the opening is completely or partially uncovered or at least a flow path is at least partially opened. In this case, an exchange of air between the interior and exterior space is possible again.
  • the sealing element thus has the appearance and function of an air cushion which can completely or partially seal the opening by inflation. By releasing the internal pressure, the opening is completely or partially released again.
  • an opening may be provided with one to about 20 sealing elements.
  • the external dimensions of the sealing element may be between about 5% and about 100% or between about 25% and about 100% or between about 50% and about 100%, or between about 10% and about 50%, or internal pressure between 10% and about 25% of the opening.
  • the sealing element may comprise a shell containing or consisting of a polymer and / or a metal and / or an alloy.
  • the shell of the sealing element made of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene, aluminum foil or other, not explicitly mentioned materials.
  • the shell of the sealing element may include a polymer coated with a metal or alloy.
  • a metal or an alloy may be selected such that it reflects in particular in the infrared spectral range.
  • the external dimensions of the sealing element when an internal pressure is applied along the normal vector of the facade, may be less than about 10 cm or less than about 5 cm or less than about 1 cm. Such comparatively thin, but large-area sealing elements have a lower convective flow and can therefore have a lower U value in the filled state.
  • the sealing element may have an area of from about 0.25 m 2 to about 50 m 2 or from about 1 m 2 to about 30 m 2 or from about 1.5 m 2 to about 25 m 2 or about 2 m 2 to about 20 m 2 .
  • the sealing elements may be arranged in several planes in front of the opening. This allows for improved sealing and / or better thermal insulation of the opening in the closed position of the closure element. In some embodiments of the invention, the number of layers of the sealing elements may be between 3 and 5 or between 2 and 4.
  • At least one insulating material may be arranged in the interior of the sealing element.
  • Such an insulating material may for example contain or consist of an open-pored foam. This will be the Reduced air circulation inside the sealing element, so that the U-value is further reduced and the overall thermal insulation of the building is improved.
  • At least one spring element may be arranged in the interior of the sealing element. In some embodiments of the invention, at least one spring element may be arranged in the casing of the sealing element. Such spring elements can ensure that when releasing the internal pressure of the sealing element this is brought into a flat or space-saving as possible form, so that the circulation or the air exchange is improved by the opening of the facade. In some embodiments of the invention, such spring elements may be designed as a leaf spring. When the sealing element is acted upon by an internal pressure, this pressure can bring the sealing element into its enlarged or closed shape against the spring force of the spring elements.
  • the sealing element may be at least partially transparent or translucent.
  • a sealing element can be used in a conventional manner as a window element or as a skylight and thus further improve the well-being of a user inside the building by daylight penetrates into the building and / or the view from the building is made possible.
  • the opening may be closed with at least one grid.
  • the sealing element upon application of an internal pressure, may at least partially abut the grating with at least one of its outer surfaces.
  • Such a grid may have a number of advantages. For example, unauthorized persons or animals can be prevented even with the closure element open to invade the interior of the building. Furthermore, the sealing elements or the closure element as a whole can be protected against unauthorized access and so the reliability can be increased. Finally, the risk of damage to the sealing elements can be reduced by impacting objects and a more flat aesthetic of the facade can be achieved.
  • the opening may be in the form of a flow channel.
  • This makes it possible to provide the outside of the facade with additional insulation or with solar panels or to apply a desired color scheme or a natural stone facade.
  • the design freedom of the façade is thereby increased. Nevertheless, an exchange of air through the flow channel can take place with the interior behind the facade. Due to its reduced cross section, the flow channel can be sealed particularly easily by the at least one sealing element of the closure element, so that the U value in the closed state continues to drop and the switching stroke can be increased.
  • At least one control device can also be present, which controls or controls the internal pressure of the sealing element as a function of a temperature difference between interior and exterior space and / or as a function of the time of day and / or as a function of the absolute temperatures and / or depending on the season . regulates.
  • a control device may comprise, for example, a microprocessor or a microcontroller.
  • software may be used which performs the desired control operations when the software is executed on the microprocessor.
  • the control device may have a data connection which, for example, information about the weather, about temperatures, about the time of day and / or about the season transmitted.
  • the closure element in this way, a fully automatic operation of the closure element can be carried out, so that the user finds without further action always an optimal climate in the interior of the building.
  • the air exchange can be intensified in order to dissipate the heat introduced during the day.
  • the closure element may remain closed in winter or be opened only occasionally to a limited extent in order to keep the heat energy used in the building and / or to replace used air.
  • the heat transfer coefficient or U-value through the opening when applying an internal pressure to the at least one sealing element may be greater than a factor of 20 or more than a factor of 100 or more than a factor of 1000 than when the internal pressure is released from the at least one sealing element.
  • the internal pressure of the closure element may be created by introducing air and / or a noble gas and / or nitrogen.
  • a noble gas may be selected from argon or krypton.
  • an overpressure of from about 0.03 bar to about 0.1 bar or from about 0.05 bar to about 0.08 bar may be present to close the orifice be.
  • Such a pressure is easy to achieve, for example, by a compressor or a fan, and already achieves a sufficient dimensional stability of the sealing element, so that the closure element can securely seal the opening.
  • FIG. 1 shows a horizontal cross section through a facade 1.
  • the facade 1 separates an interior 11 of a building from an exterior space 12 surrounding the building.
  • an opening 2 is arranged through which an air exchange between the interior space 11 and the exterior space 12 can be made possible ,
  • excess heat and spent air can be removed from the inner space 11 and through cooler fresh air from the outer space 12 be replaced.
  • the air exchange may be undesirable, for example on hot summer days when too much heat is applied, or even during the winter months, to minimize the losses of heating energy. Therefore, a closure element 3 is available, with which the opening 2 can be temporarily closed.
  • the closure element 3 includes at least one sealing element 30 made of an elastic material, which can be acted upon to close the opening with an internal pressure.
  • nine sealing elements 30 are shown, each having a hexagonal cross-section.
  • adjacent sealing elements 30 can be arranged overlapping in the edge region 31 in order to reduce the occurrence of cold bridges.
  • the sealing elements 30 are arranged in different planes parallel to the facade 1 one behind the other, so that at each point along the normal vector of the facade 1 three sealing elements come to lie one behind the other. Due to the trapezoidal cross-section are in FIG. 1 in the middle shown sealing elements offset from the adjacent outer sealing elements by half the thickness of the sealing element inwards.
  • sealing elements 30 are to be understood as illustrative and not restrictive.
  • the invention does not teach the use of exactly nine sealing elements as a solution principle. Rather, the arrangement shown can continue cyclically to the right and left, if the opening 2 is correspondingly large or the sealing elements 30 are correspondingly small. In other embodiments of the invention, more than three sealing elements 30 may be arranged one behind the other to improve the thermal insulation or fewer sealing elements may be used, if a technically less complex solution is in the foreground.
  • the sealing elements 30 each have an elastic shell 35, which are unfolded by applying the sealing element 30 with an internal pressure, so that the sealing elements 30, the in FIG. 1 take the form shown.
  • the internal pressure can be released from the sealing elements 30.
  • FIG. 2 shows. How out FIG. 2 it can be seen, take the sealing elements 30 now along the normal vector of the facade 1 only a relatively small extent. As a result, in each case a gap opens in the edge region 31, through which an exchange of air between the inner space 11 and the outer space 12 can be made possible. Since the sealing elements 30 now also have a lower thermal insulation value or a larger U value due to their narrower shape, radiant heat can be exchanged with the environment in addition to the convection.
  • the shell 35 of the sealing elements 30 can be provided with spring elements, which ensure that the in FIG. 2 shown shape of the sealing elements 30 is taken. When applying the sealing elements 30 with an internal pressure, these in turn take the in FIG. 1 shown form against the spring force.
  • the sheath 35 may be made of a polymer in some embodiments of the invention. This may optionally be provided with a metallic or specular coating to reduce radiant heat losses. Such a coating may contain or consist of a metal or an alloy.
  • the opening 2 has a first grid 41 and a second grid 42, which enclose a distance 40.
  • the closure element 3 is arranged at this distance 40 and thus protected from damage by external influences, both from the outer space 12 and from the inner space 11.
  • the grid 41 and 42 may on its interior facing the Side and / or its outside facing side have a decorative coating to give the building a desired appearance.
  • the opening and closing of the closure element 3 can thus be done in a simple manner by applying an internal pressure. This can optionally also be done by an electronic control or regulating device. Unlike windows known per se, the ventilation can thus take place automatically according to the invention as a function of time of day, season or temperature difference. Even if the opening 2 in the in FIG. 2 shown opened position, the grid 41 and / or 42 reliably prevent the ingress of dirt, animals or unwanted persons, so that the security is increased compared to a known window ventilation.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 a second embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail.
  • the same components of the invention are provided with the same reference numerals, so that the following description is limited to the essential differences.
  • the sealing elements 30 are compared to the previously described first embodiment rotated by about 90 ° in the space 40 between the grids 41 and 42. This results in a lower flow resistance and thus an improved exchange of air between the interior 11 and outer space 12, when the closure element 3 is opened. When closed, the sealing elements 30 touch, so that they fill the gap 40 almost completely and thus cause a good seal of the opening 3 with a low U-value.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show a longitudinal section through a facade 1, which in turn separates an interior space 11 from an exterior space 12 surrounding the building.
  • the facade 12 includes an insulating material 15, which may contain, for example, a hard foam, glass wool or rockwool.
  • the facade 1 has good insulation values.
  • On the interior 11 facing side of the facade 11 is a grid 41, which allows an efficient exchange of air between the interior 11 and exterior space 12.
  • Behind the grid 41 is a flow channel 5, which opens into the outer space 12.
  • the sealing elements 30 bear on an inner wall of the flow channel 5, so that the clear cross section of the flow channel 5 is maximized.
  • FIG. 5 shows the closed position of the closure element 3.
  • the sealing elements 30 are subjected to an internal pressure, so that increases their cross section and the flow channel 5 is completely or partially filled by the sealing element 30.
  • the flow channel 5 is blocked, so that no exchange of air between the inner space 11 and outer space 12 is possible.
  • the U-value of the facade 1 which at a facade depth of 0.2 m, for example, about 0.15 W / (m 2 K) to about 0.25 W / (m 2 K) can be.
  • the U-value of the facade 1 can be between about 4 and about 6 watts / (m 2 K).
  • the switching stroke of the facade element according to the invention is thus a factor of about 20 to about 30. If additionally there is a pressure difference, which leads to the formation of a flow through the flow channel 5 and the grid 41, so is another in this way Increase in U-value possible. If, for example, the flow channels 5 of a façade element with an area of one square meter are 0.05 m high and the wind flows through these horizontal flow channels 5 at a flow rate of 0.2 m / s, the result is a temperature difference of 15 K between the interior 11 and outer space 12 an equivalent U value of 26. The switching stroke is then at least a factor 130. Thus, a very efficient cooling of the inner space 11 is possible, resulting in the saving of primary energy for ventilation and air conditioning.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP19173223.9A 2018-05-08 2019-05-08 Bâtiment doté d'une façade et procédé de fermeture d'une ouverture dans une façade Withdrawn EP3567204A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018207159.4A DE102018207159A1 (de) 2018-05-08 2018-05-08 Gebäude mit einer Fassade und Verfahren zum Verschließen einer Öffnung in einer Fassade

Publications (1)

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EP3567204A1 true EP3567204A1 (fr) 2019-11-13

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EP19173223.9A Withdrawn EP3567204A1 (fr) 2018-05-08 2019-05-08 Bâtiment doté d'une façade et procédé de fermeture d'une ouverture dans une façade

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DE (1) DE102018207159A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1032979B (de) * 1954-07-23 1958-06-26 Erik Uno Janson Balgartig zusammenfaltbarer Schirm fuer Waermeisolierungszwecke
DE3115129A1 (de) * 1981-04-15 1982-11-18 Wolfgang 6957 Elztal Czernik Sperrvorrichtung fuer lueftungs- und funktionsschlitze
GB2169396A (en) * 1985-01-03 1986-07-09 Insul Rib Inc Vents for greenhouses
US20070068103A1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-03-29 Eric Cote Insulating panel
DE102008050590A1 (de) * 2008-02-05 2009-08-06 Meissner, Niels Einsatz für eine Wandöffnung
WO2014114563A1 (fr) 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 Basf Se Élément de construction à coefficients de transmission thermique u réglables
EP3225928A1 (fr) * 2016-04-01 2017-10-04 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Dispositif et procédé de régulation de la température ambiante d'une pièce et bâtiment ainsi équipé

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2238917C3 (de) * 1972-08-07 1975-11-27 Josef 8580 Bayreuth Amrehn Vorrichtung zum Lüften von Hallen
DE202015102213U1 (de) * 2015-04-30 2015-07-10 Tobias Becker Anpassungsfähiges Fassadenelement

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1032979B (de) * 1954-07-23 1958-06-26 Erik Uno Janson Balgartig zusammenfaltbarer Schirm fuer Waermeisolierungszwecke
DE3115129A1 (de) * 1981-04-15 1982-11-18 Wolfgang 6957 Elztal Czernik Sperrvorrichtung fuer lueftungs- und funktionsschlitze
GB2169396A (en) * 1985-01-03 1986-07-09 Insul Rib Inc Vents for greenhouses
US20070068103A1 (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-03-29 Eric Cote Insulating panel
DE102008050590A1 (de) * 2008-02-05 2009-08-06 Meissner, Niels Einsatz für eine Wandöffnung
WO2014114563A1 (fr) 2013-01-22 2014-07-31 Basf Se Élément de construction à coefficients de transmission thermique u réglables
EP3225928A1 (fr) * 2016-04-01 2017-10-04 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Dispositif et procédé de régulation de la température ambiante d'une pièce et bâtiment ainsi équipé

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