EP3565783A1 - Procede de preparation de materiaux hybrides coeur-coquille - Google Patents
Procede de preparation de materiaux hybrides coeur-coquilleInfo
- Publication number
- EP3565783A1 EP3565783A1 EP18700794.3A EP18700794A EP3565783A1 EP 3565783 A1 EP3565783 A1 EP 3565783A1 EP 18700794 A EP18700794 A EP 18700794A EP 3565783 A1 EP3565783 A1 EP 3565783A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- activated carbon
- shell
- sol
- materials
- hybrid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28016—Particle form
- B01J20/28021—Hollow particles, e.g. hollow spheres, microspheres or cenospheres
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/30—Active carbon
- C01B32/354—After-treatment
- C01B32/372—Coating; Grafting; Microencapsulation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
- B01J20/28007—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size with size in the range 1-100 nanometers, e.g. nanosized particles, nanofibers, nanotubes, nanowires or the like
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28016—Particle form
- B01J20/28019—Spherical, ellipsoidal or cylindrical
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28023—Fibres or filaments
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28047—Gels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3202—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the carrier, support or substrate used for impregnation or coating
- B01J20/3204—Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3214—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the method for obtaining this coating or impregnating
- B01J20/3225—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the method for obtaining this coating or impregnating involving a post-treatment of the coated or impregnated product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3231—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating characterised by the coating or impregnating layer
- B01J20/3234—Inorganic material layers
- B01J20/3236—Inorganic material layers containing metal, other than zeolites, e.g. oxides, hydroxides, sulphides or salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/32—Impregnating or coating ; Solid sorbent compositions obtained from processes involving impregnating or coating
- B01J20/3291—Characterised by the shape of the carrier, the coating or the obtained coated product
- B01J20/3293—Coatings on a core, the core being particle or fiber shaped, e.g. encapsulated particles, coated fibers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/16—Preparation of silica xerogels
- C01B33/163—Preparation of silica xerogels by hydrolysis of organosilicon compounds, e.g. ethyl orthosilicate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/102—Carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/25—Coated, impregnated or composite adsorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
Definitions
- the invention relates to the preparation of core-shell hybrid materials consisting of an active carbon core surrounded by a layer of a silica-based nanoporous sol-gel material as well as hybrid heart-shell materials as such. These materials find application in the field of filtration, including water and air.
- Some micro-pollutants are likely to react with the chlorine used for water disinfection to form disinfection byproducts called toxic "emerging pollutants" and / or carcinogens such as chloramines, nitrosamines and trihaloalkanes. Even if the standards required in the developed countries for drinking water are drastic in terms of the concentration of total organic compounds ([TOC] ⁇ 2 ppm) [3], a daily consumption of water contaminated by traces or ultra- traces of drug residues including antibiotics, pesticides or sex hormones could induce long-term harmful effects on health.
- TOC total organic compounds
- Reverse osmosis is the most effective method for removing small organic molecules but its energy cost is also the highest because of the high pressures to be applied to pass water through a semi-permeable membrane with very small pores .
- Recent years have seen work on direct osmosis with the use of composite membranes for the removal of organic compounds, but osmosis is mainly used for desalination of seawater.
- activated carbon is widely used for the depollution of water.
- small polar molecules such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, methyl and ethyl ketones
- new organic pollutants such as pesticides (glyphosate), drug residues (of human or animal origin) or still micropollutants (chloroform, methylene chloride, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, isopropyl alcohol etc ).
- nanostructured materials can be zeolites [5], mesoporous molecular sieves [6], silica nanoparticles [7], or even microporous titanosilicates [8].
- activated carbon has also been combined with sol-gel materials. It is used in most cases to increase the photocatalysis yield of Ti0 2 . We thus find: - Activated carbon grains were coated with Ti0 2 by sol-gel route.
- the targeted applications are the decontamination of water, especially wastewater containing dyes [9], [10], the degradation of Rhodamine B [11], as well as the decomposition of NH 3 or formaldehyde [12] , [13].
- the objective is to decontaminate liquids containing especially dibenzothiophene.
- the goal is also to improve the photocatalysis efficiency of Ti0 2 , with applications in the environmental sector.
- the depollution of air and in particular of volatile organic compounds via air purifiers or fume hoods is essentially based on the use of activated carbon filters.
- the latter has indeed a high adsorption capacity and a low cost.
- activated carbon very poorly traps the small polar molecules present in the indoor air such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, methyl and ethyl ketones, acetic acid or even acrylamide resulting from the decomposition of the oil overheated (fried and others).
- it is often impregnated with reagents able to react with the target pollutants.
- a disadvantage of impregnated materials is the release into the air of the impregnating reagents or the products resulting from their reaction.
- An object of the invention is therefore to provide a simple and effective method of manufacturing a filter material to achieve these performances.
- the alkoxy (OR) groups are hydrolyzed to silanol groups (Si-OH).
- the latter condense to form siloxane bonds (Si-O-Si-).
- the silicic precursors in low concentration in an organic solvent are added dropwise in a basic aqueous solution, particles of size generally less than 1 ⁇ are formed, which remain in suspension without precipitating.
- the porosity of silica nanoparticles can be varied by adding a surfactant.
- a first subject of the invention therefore relates to a process for preparing a core-shell hybrid material consisting of an active carbon core surrounded by a shell of a silica-based mesoporous sol-gel material, said method comprising forming a mesoporous sol-gel silica shell around activated carbon particles and recovering the hybrid heart-shell material thus obtained.
- mesopore is used herein in the sense commonly accepted by those skilled in the art which corresponds to the definition given by IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).
- mesopores are understood to mean pores with a size of between 20 and 500 nm, while micropores have a size of less than 20 nm and macropores with a size greater than 500 nm.
- a mesoporous material is therefore a material whose pores are mainly made up of mesopores.
- the mesopore level of the sol-gel shell of the hybrid heart-shell material according to the invention is greater than or equal to 70%, preferably greater than or equal to 75%, more preferably greater than or equal to 90%.
- the mesopore level of the sol-gel shell of the hybrid heart-shell material according to the invention is equal to 100%.
- the mesopore content is expressed as a percentage of the total number of pores in the sol-gel shell.
- the mesoporous sol-gel silica shell is formed from at least one organosilicon precursor. It is thus possible to use a single organosilicon precursor or a mixture of organosilicon precursors.
- the at least one organosilicon precursor is advantageously chosen among tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS), phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTEOS), (2-phenylethyl) triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMOS) ), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) triethoxysilane (GPTES), N- (2-aminoethyl) -3- (trimethoxysilyl) propylamine (NH 2 -TMOS), N-
- Trimethoxysilylpropyl ethylenediaminetriacetate, acetoxyethyltrimethoxysilane (AETMS), ureidopropyltriethoxysilane (UPTS), 3- (4-semicarbazidyl) propyltriethoxysilane (SCPTS) and mixtures thereof, preferably from tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS), phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTEOS), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) triethoxysilane (GPTES), N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-
- the organosilicon precursor is tetraethoxysilane or tetramethoxysilane, preferably tetraethoxysilane.
- the organosilicon precursor is a mixture of tetramethoxysilane or tetramethoxysilane and a functionalized organosilicate precursor.
- these are amine, amide, urea, acid or aryl functions.
- the functionalized organosilicon precursor may especially be chosen from phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS), phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTEOS), (2-phenylethyl) triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMOS), ( 3-glycidyloxypropyl) triethoxysilane (GPTES), N- (2-aminoethyl) -3- (trimethoxysilyl) propylamine (NH 2 -TMOS), N- (trimethoxysilylpropyl) ethylenediaminetriacetate, acetoxyethyltrimethoxysilane (AETMS), ureidopropyltriethoxysilane (UPTS) , 3- (4-semicarbazidyl) propyltriethoxysilane (SCP
- Preferred organosilicon precursor mixtures include mixtures of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with N- (2-Aminoethyl) -3- (trimethoxysilyl) propylamine (NH 2 - TMOS), with N- (Trimethoxysilylpropyl) ethylenediaminetriacetate, with phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTMOS) and with 3- (4-semicarbazidyl) propyltriethoxysilane (SCPTS) as well as mixtures of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) with phenyltriemethoxysilane (PhTMOS), with phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTEOS), with acetoxyethyltrimethoxysilane (AETMS), with (3-glycidyloxypropyl) triethoxysilane (
- the molar proportions of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) / other organosilicon precursor (s) may be varied between 100/0 and 50/50, preferably between 100/0 and 75/25, more preferably between 97/3 and 75/25 or between 98/2 and 89/11.
- the activated carbon used for the present invention may be of plant or animal origin. The skilled person will choose according to the desired properties, including filtration. Thus, it is possible to use different forms of activated carbon, such as for example beads, powder, granules, fibers or rods. Preferably, an active carbon with a high adsorption specific surface area, in particular from 800 to 1500 m 2 / g, will be used.
- the activated carbon can be mixed at different concentrations with the coating composition (sol-gel composition) to modulate the amount of core / shell.
- the method of the invention is characterized in that the formation of a mesoporous sol-gel silica shell around the activated carbon particles comprises: a) the formation of a sol-gel nanoparticle shell around activated carbon particles in basic aqueous solution from at least one organosilicon precursor, the aqueous solution containing ammonia (NH 4 OH) and a surfactant, b) the recovery of activated carbon surrounded by the shell of material sol-gel prepared in step a), c) the removal of any residues of surfactant from the activated carbon surrounded by the shell of sol-gel material to release the pores of the sol-gel material formed in step a) , and characterized in that in step a), a basic aqueous solution containing ammonia, surfactant and activated charcoal is first provided and then the at least one organosilicon precursor is added, this precursor being solubilized in an organic solvent.
- a basic aqueous solution containing ammonia, surfactant and activated charcoal is first provided
- the process for preparing a core-shell hybrid material consisting of an activated carbon core surrounded by a mesoporous sol-gel silica shell comprises the following steps: a) the formation of a shell sol-gel nanoparticles around activated carbon particles in basic aqueous solution from at least one organosilicon precursor, the aqueous solution containing ammonia (NH 4 OH) and a surfactant, b) the recovery of activated carbon surrounded sol-gel silica shell prepared in step a), c) the removal of any surfactant residues from the activated carbon surrounded by the shell of sol-gel material to release the pores of the sol-gel material formed in step a), d) recovering the core-shell hybrid material consisting of an activated carbon core surrounded by a mesoporous sol-gel silica shell obtained in step c), characterized in that step a), one first provides a a basic aqueous solution containing ammonia, surfactant and activated carbon
- this embodiment gives rise to discrete core-shell particles, the silica nanoparticles having a small agglomeration between them.
- an organic solvent such as ethanol
- the amounts of ethanol and water vary between 1 to 8 mol / L and 3 to 14 mol / L, respectively and according to the concentration of the precursor in solution in ethanol, the authors obtain diameters silica nanoparticles ranging from 30 to 460 nm.
- the synthesis is carried out in aqueous solution and the contribution of the organic solvent for the solubilization of the organosilicon precursors is very small compared to the volume of the final soil.
- the amount of organic solvent is 1 to 5% by volume, preferably 1.5 to 4% by volume and more preferably still 1.8 to 3% by volume relative to the final soil (that is, that is, the aqueous solution mixture containing the ammonia, the surfactant and the activated carbon plus the organosilicon precursor solubilized in the organic solvent).
- the basic aqueous solution provided in step a) is free of organic solvent and the organic solvent is only provided with the organosilicon precursors.
- the organic solvent used to solubilize the organosilicon precursor (s) will be chosen by those skilled in the art as a function of the organosilicon precursor or of the mixture of organosilicon precursors used, in particular from polar, protic or aprotic organic solvents.
- This organic solvent may for example be chosen from C1 to C4 linear aliphatic alcohols, in particular methanol, ethanol and propan-1-ol.
- the organic solvent is ethanol.
- the organosilicon precursors and activated charcoal that can be used in this embodiment are those detailed above.
- the at least one organosilicon precursor is chosen from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS), phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTEOS), (2-phenylethyl) triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and (3) glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMOS), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) triethoxysilane (GPTES), N- (2-aminoethyl) -3- (trimethoxysilyl) propylamine (NH 2 -TMOS), N- (2-glycidyloxypropyl) triethoxysilane
- Trimethoxysilylpropyl ethylenediaminetriacetate, acetoxyethyltrimethoxysilane (AETMS), ureidopropyltriethoxysilane (UPTS), 3- (4-semicarbazidyl) propyltriethoxysilane (SCPTS) and mixtures thereof, preferably from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), N- (2-aminoethyl) 3- (trimethoxysilyl) propylamine (NH 2 -TMOS), N- (trimethoxysilylpropyl) ethylenediaminetriacetate, phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTMOS), 3- (4-semicarbazidyl) propyltriethoxysilane (SCPTS) and mixtures thereof.
- TEOS tetraethoxysilane
- N- (2-aminoethyl) 3- trimethoxysilyl) propyl
- tetraethoxysilane with N- (2-aminoethyl) -3- (trimethoxysilyl) propylamine (NH 2 -TMOS), with N-
- the activated carbon is preferably in the form of a powder, in particular of micrometric size.
- the molar proportions of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) or tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) / other precursor (s) ) organosilicon (s) can be varied between 100/0 and 50/50, preferably between 100/0 and 75/25, more preferably between 97/3 and 75/25 or between 98/2 and 89/11.
- the basic aqueous solution employed in step a) is preferably an aqueous ammonia solution at a concentration of 0.8 to 3.2 mol.L 1 , preferably 2.0 to 2.3 mol. L 1 .
- the basic aqueous solution used in step a) may contain a small amount of organic solvent, in particular polar, protic or aprotic solvent.
- This organic solvent may for example be chosen from C1 to C4 linear aliphatic alcohols, especially methanol, ethanol and propanol.
- the organic solvent is ethanol.
- the organic solvent content does not exceed 5% by volume.
- the basic aqueous solution is free of organic solvent.
- the role of the surfactant used during step a) of the first embodiment is, on the one hand, to promote the interaction between the surface of the activated carbon and the siliceous precursors and, on the other hand, to structure the network of the silica to make it mesoporous.
- the surfactant used in step a) is preferably an ionic surfactant, more preferably a quaternary ammonium compound.
- This quaternary ammonium compound is advantageously a cetyltrimethylammonium halide, preferably cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or cetyltrimethylammonium chloride, more preferably cetyltrimethylammonium bromide.
- the recovery of the core-shell material of activated carbon surrounded by the shell of sol-gel material in step b) of the first embodiment can for example be carried out by separation, by any known means and in particular by centrifugation or filtration, of the mixture obtained in step a).
- the core-shell material is recovered by centrifugation in the first method.
- step c) The elimination of any residues of surfactant present in the core-shell material in step c) can be carried out by any known means and in particular by washing, for example with hydrochloric acid and ethanol, preferably by succession of washes with hydrochloric acid and ethanol.
- the recovery of the core-shell material of activated carbon surrounded by the shell of sol-gel material in step b) can for example be carried out by separation, by any known means and in particular by centrifugation or filtration, of the mixture obtained during the treatment. step a).
- the core-shell material is recovered by centrifugation.
- the removal of the surfactant frees the pores of the material obtained in step b).
- the hybrid core-shell material consisting of an active carbon core surrounded by a shell of mesoporous sol-gel nanoparticles based on silica is obtained.
- This hybrid heart-shell material is recovered in step d).
- This recovery can for example be carried out by separation, by any known means and in particular by centrifugation or filtration, of the mixture obtained in step a).
- the hybrid heart-shell material is recovered by centrifugation.
- the method of the invention is characterized in that the step a) of forming the mesoporous sol-gel silica shell comprises the preparation of a sol of mixture of at least one organosilicon precursor in an aqueous solution containing an organic solvent followed by coating the activated carbon with this sol.
- a thin film of mesoporous sol-gel silica, preferably functionalized, is thus formed around the activated carbon particles.
- the sol is free of surfactant.
- the organic solvent is preferably a polar, protic or aprotic organic solvent. It may for example be chosen from C1 to C4 linear aliphatic alcohols, in particular methanol, ethanol and propan-1-ol. Preferably, the organic solvent is methanol.
- the volume proportion of the organic solvent relative to the volume of the soil can vary between 30 to 50%.
- the volume proportion of water relative to the volume of the soil can vary between 15 and 30%.
- the organosilicon precursors and the activated carbon that can be used in this embodiment are those detailed above with respect to the process according to the invention in general.
- the at least one organosilicon precursor is chosen from tetramethoxysilane (TMOS), phenyltrimethoxysilane (PhTMOS), phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTEOS), (2-phenylethyl) triethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), and (3) glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane (GPTMOS), (3-glycidyloxypropyl) triethoxysilane (GPTES), N- (2-aminoethyl) -3- (trimethoxysilyl) propylamine (NH 2 -TMOS), N- (trimethoxysilylpropyl) ethylenediaminetriacetate, acetoxyethyltrimethoxysilane (AETMS), ureidopropyltriethoxysilane (UPTS), 3- (4-semicarbazidy
- TMOS tetramethoxysilane
- APTES 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
- HTMOS phenyltriemethoxysilane
- PhTEOS phenyltriethoxysilane
- AETMS acetoxyethyltrimethoxysilane
- GPTES GPTES
- SCPTS 3- (4-semicarbazidyl) propyltriethoxysilane
- the molar proportions of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) / other organosilicon precursor (s) can be varied between 100/0 and 50/50, preferably between 100/0 and 75/25, more preferably between 97/3 and 75/25.
- the active carbon is in the form of particles, especially granules or rods, of millimeter size and the coating is carried out by soaking them in the soil and then removing the soil or by pouring soil on the particles through a sieve.
- the core-shell particles thus obtained are advantageously dried, for example in an oven, to remove the residual solvents.
- the casting mode will be used to form a thin film of sol-gel material functionalized around the activated carbon core. This fast process is easily transferable on an industrial scale and is well adapted to activated charcoal granules or rods.
- the active carbon is in powder form and the coating is carried out by adding the activated carbon powder to the soil, and the resulting mixture is poured into molds.
- the molds thus filled are advantageously dried under an inert gas stream to remove the residual solvents before demolding the blocks of core-shell material. This process can easily be transposed on an industrial scale.
- the silica shell preferably functionalized, surrounding the core of activated carbon, in the form of nanoparticles or a thin film, must have a small thickness and a mesoporosity to allow pollutants to diffuse. quickly in the porous network and reach the silica-activated carbon interface. It is at this interface of the hybrid compound that a "mixed" environment favors the trapping of the polar molecules that hardly or not at all the activated carbon alone or the silica alone.
- Another object of the invention is a hybrid core-shell material obtained by the coating method according to the invention described above. It is thus a hybrid heart-shell material consisting of an active carbon core surrounded by a mesoporous sol-gel silica shell. All the precisions and embodiments described above with respect to the nature of the sol-gel material and activated carbon are also valid for the core-shell hybrid material according to the invention.
- the hybrid core-shell material according to the invention is especially characterized in that it contains an active carbon core, in particular of micrometric size, preferably with a large adsorption specific surface area, in particular of 800 to 1500 m 2 / g, of which the surface is covered with a shell formed of mesoporous sol-gel silica. This shell is thin.
- the ratio (Mass of silica / Mass of activated carbon) determined by Thermal Analysis Differential (ATG) preferably varies between 0.05 and 6, preferably between 0.05 and 2, more preferably between 0.05 and 1 and more preferably between 0.05 and 0.2.
- the shell of the hybrid heart-shell material according to the invention consists of nanoparticles of silica sol-gel mesoporous. These nanoparticles are advantageously of spherical shape, having in particular a diameter of 20 to 400 nm and preferably between 50 and 100 nm.
- the size of the silica nanoparticles can be determined by transmission electron microscopy.
- the ratio (Mass of silica / mass of activated carbon) determined by Differential Thermal Analysis (ATG) preferably varies between 0.05 and 0.2.
- the hybrid heart-shell material of this embodiment can be prepared according to the first embodiment of the method of the invention described above.
- the shell of the core-shell hybrid material according to the invention consists of a thin mesoporous sol-gel silica film.
- the shell core hybrid material of this embodiment may be prepared according to the second embodiment of the method of the invention described above.
- the ratio (Mass of silica / mass of activated carbon) determined by Differential Thermal Analysis (ATG) preferably varies between 0.05 and 0.2. However, in the case of hybrid materials synthesized by mixing active carbon with a sol, this ratio is higher and varies between 1 and 6, for example between 4 and 6.
- the materials according to the invention find particular application in the field of filtration, especially air or water.
- the invention therefore also relates to a filter system, for example air or water, comprising the core hybrid-shell material according to the invention.
- Figure 1 Schematic representation of the synthesis of core / shell materials
- Figure 2 (A) TEM image of the hybrid heart-shell material of Example 1.
- Figure 2 (B) TEM image of the hybrid heart-shell material of Example 1, enlarged on the surface.
- Figure 3 MET image of activated carbon W35. Enlargement on the surface.
- Figure 4 (A) TEM image of the hybrid heart-shell material of Example 2. (B) MET image of the core-shell hybrid material of Example 2. Enlargement on the surface.
- FIG. 5 TEM images of core-shell hybrid materials of the complement 2 with different proportions of NH 2 -TMOS: (A) 10 ⁇ M, (B) magnification of the material prepared with 10 ⁇ M, (C) 20 ⁇ M -1 ( D) 50 ⁇ M, (E) 100 ⁇ M, (F) 200 ⁇ L.
- Figure 6 TEM image of the hybrid heart-shell material of Example 3.
- Figure 7 TEM image of the hybrid heart-shell material of Example 4.
- Figure 8 TEM image of the hybrid heart-shell material of Example 5.
- Figure 9 SEM image of a CA (Darco-KGB) rod coated with hybrid sol-gel of Example 6. A) View of the rod, B) Zoom on its surface, C) Enlargement of the surface, D Estimate of the sol-gel thickness.
- Figure 10 Infrared spectrum of the hybrid material of Example 1 compared to activated carbon alone.
- Figure 11 Infrared spectrum of the hybrid material of Example 2 compared to activated carbon alone.
- Figure 12 Infrared spectrum of the hybrid material of Example 3 compared to activated carbon alone.
- Figure 13 Infrared spectrum of the hybrid material of Example 4 compared to activated carbon alone.
- Figure 14 Differential thermal analysis of the product of Example 6. The sample is heated from 40 ° to 1500 ° C at a rate of 50 ° C / min. Successive slope variations indicate the successive mass losses of the residual water, aminopropyl chains of the functionalized material, activated carbon and lastly silica.
- Figure 15 Adsorption of atrazine by W35 activated carbon alone, silica nanoparticles alone and activated carbon / silica nanoparticles as a function of time.
- Figure 16 Adsorption of atrazine by the materials of Examples 1 to 5 as a function of time.
- Figure 17 Adsorption of atrazine by the materials of Examples 13, 14 and 17 as a function of time.
- Figure 18 Absorption at 222 nm of the residual atrazine in the nm impregnation solution as a function of the duration of impregnation of CA Norrit RBBA. Comparison with the material of Example 6.
- Figure 19 Adsorption of acetone by W35 activated carbon alone, silica nanoparticles alone and activated carbon / silica nanoparticles as a function of time.
- Figure 20 Adsorption of acetone by the materials of Examples 1 to 5 as a function of time.
- Figure 21 Adsorption of acetone by the materials of Examples 13, 14 and 17 as a function of time.
- Figure 22 Adsorption of acetaldehyde by W35 activated carbon alone, silica nanoparticles alone and activated carbon / silica nanoparticles as a function of time.
- Figure 23 Adsorption of acetaldehyde by the materials of Examples 1 to 5 as a function of time.
- Figure 24 Adsorption of acetaldehyde by the materials of Examples 13, 14 and 17 as a function of time.
- Figure 25 Adsorption of methiocarb by W35 activated carbon alone, silica nanoparticles alone and activated carbon / silica nanoparticles as a function of time.
- Figure 26 Adsorption of methiocarb by the materials of Examples 1 to 5 as a function of time.
- Figure 27 adsorption of methiocarb by the materials of Examples 13, 14 and 17 as a function of time.
- Figure 28 Adsorption of atrazine by the hybrid material of Example 1 after passing through the filter system.
- Figure 29 Adsorption of methiocarb by Darco-KGB activated carbon and the materials of Examples 8, 10 and 12 as a function of time.
- Figure 30 adsorption of methiocarb by activated carbon W35 and the materials of Examples 9, 11 and 13 as a function of time.
- Figure 31 Schematization of the syringe filtration system.
- Figure 32 Example of application for air filter. Adsorption of toluene by silica nanoparticles alone as a function of time.
- Figure 33 Example of application for air filter. Adsorption of toluene by activated carbon W35 as a function of time.
- Figure 34 Example of application for air filter. Adsorption of toluene by Example 4 as a function of time.
- Figure 35 Example of application for air filter. Overlay of W35 activated carbon alone, silica nanoparticles alone and Example 4 graphs, as a function of time.
- Figure 36 Thermogravimetric analysis of the material of Example 22.
- Figure 37 Schematic representation of the device used to establish drilling curves.
- FIG. 38 Comparison of the adsorption capacities of the various powder filters (50 mg, material of example 18, activated carbon W35 and sol-gel silica S112-NH2 corresponding to the sol-gel silica of the material of Example 18) exposed to a 300 mL / min gas stream containing 25 ppm hexaldehyde.
- FIG. 39 Comparison of the adsorption capacities of various rod filters (1 g, material of example 18 and 18p, sol-gel silica S102-NH2 corresponding to the silica sol-gel of the material of example 18) exposed to a gas flow of 300 mL / min containing 25 ppm of hexaldehyde.
- Figure 40 Comparison of the adsorption efficiency of hexaldehyde by two materials carrying amine functions and being differentiated by the proportion of activated carbon.
- Figure 41 Comparison of the adsorption efficiency of hexaldehyde by hybrid materials functionalized with amino groups with different proportions of APTES.
- Figure 42 Comparison of the adsorption efficiency of hexaldehyde by hybrid materials functionalized with primary amino groups (APTES) and primary / secondary amino groups (NH2-TMOS).
- APTES primary amino groups
- NH2-TMOS primary / secondary amino groups
- Figure 43 Effectiveness of trapping various pollutants with Example 18p.
- Figure 44 Schematic representation of the experimental setup for the detection of total VOCs generated by oil cooking.
- Figure 46 Comparison of the trapping efficiency of total VOCs during oil cooking by various filters differentiated by the nature of the activated carbon (Examples 18p and 24p) or by the functionalization of silcate (Examples 18p and 22p ).
- Figure 47 Comparison of diuron trapping efficiencies by various adsorbent materials.
- Figure 48 Comparison of the trapping efficiencies of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol by various adsorbent materials.
- the solution is then recovered by centrifugation (12000 rpm for 12 minutes) .
- the surfactant is removed by a washing sequence at a temperature of 50.degree.
- the materials are recovered by centrifugation (12000 rpm for 12 minutes) and then dried in an oven at 60 ° C. for 2 hours.
- 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane (UPTS, purity 50%, CAS: 23779-32-0) was also used as a precursor for functionalization with urea groups.
- Examples 7A and 7B Synthesis of activated carbon rods coated with silica functionalized with amine groups Reagents: Norit RBBA-3 Active Carbon (Sigma-Aldrich), Tetramethyl Orthosilicate
- TMOS Tetramethyl Orthosilicate
- TMOS Tetramethyl Orthosilicate
- methanol MeOH, CAS: 67-56-1, purity 99.9%
- Acetoxyethyltrimethoxysilane AETMS, CAS: 72878-29-6, purity 95%
- ultra-pure deionized water 28% aqueous ammonia solution .
- the activated carbon is in the form of a powder, activated carbon W35 (SOFRALAB) (0.7539 g)
- the activated carbon is in this case in powder form, Activated Carbon W35 (SOFRALAB) (0.7527 g).
- the active carbon is in the form of a powder, activated carbon W35 (SOFRALAB) (0.7507 g).
- Example 17 Synthesis of Hybrid Materials by Mixing Activated Carbons with a Soil of Silicon Precursors One of Which is Functionalized with Amino Groups Same synthesis as in Example 16.
- the activated carbon is in this case in the form of a powder, activated carbon W35 (SOFRALAB) (0.5159 g).
- CABOT Active Carbon Powder
- TMOS Tetramethylorthosilicate
- the final content of W35 in the soil is 222.6 g / L.
- the mold is dried under an inert gas stream. After demolding, black granules of cylindrical shape of dimensions 0.95 (L) * 0.25 (diameter) cm (Example 18p) or 0.95 (L) * 0.5 (diameter) cm are obtained (Example 18) according to the mold sizes.
- Example 18 Same procedure as in Example 18.
- the molar ratio of the TMOS / APTES / MeOH / H 2 0 precursor mixture is 0.90 / 0.1 / 5/4.
- the corresponding volumes are 42,419 / 7,487 / 64,071 / 22,825 mL respectively.
- the content of W35 in the soil is 222.6 g / l.
- Example 20 Synthesis of Hybrid Materials by Mixing Activated Carbon with a Soil of Silicon Precursors, One of Which is Functionalized with Primary Amine Groups (APTES) Same procedure as in Example 18.
- the molar ratio of the mixture of precursors TMOS / APTES / MeOH / H20 is 0.85 / 0.15 / 5/4.
- the corresponding volumes are respectively 39.661 / 11.118 / 63.428 / 22.596 mL.
- the content of W35 in the soil is 222.6 g / l.
- EXAMPLE 21 Synthesis of Hybrid Materials by Mixing Activated Carbons with a Soil of Silicon Precursors, One of Which is Functionalized with Primary Amine Groups (APTES)
- NH 2 -TMOS NORIT W35
- TMOS Tetramethylorthosi
- the final content of W35 in the soil is 222.6 g / L.
- the mold is dried under an inert gas stream. After demolding, black granules of cylindrical shape of dimensions 0.95 (L) * 0.25 (diameter) cm (Example 22p) or 0.95 (L) * 0.5 (diameter) cm are obtained (Example 22) according to the mold sizes.
- EXAMPLE 23 Synthesis of Hybrid Materials by Mixing Activated Carbons with a Soil of Silicon Precursors One of Which is Functionalized with Urea Groups (UPTS)
- CABOT Active Carbon Powder
- TMOS Tetramethylorthosilicate
- the molar ratio of the mixture of the precursors and the TMOS / UPTS / MeOH / H 2 0 solvents is 0.95 / 0.05 / 5/4 with a concentration of NH 4 OH of 0.148 M.
- the final content of W35 in the soil is 222.6 g / L.
- the mold is dried under an inert gas stream. After demolding, black granules of cylindrical shape of dimensions 0.95 (L) * 0.5 (diameter) cm are obtained.
- the active carbon in this case is Darco KB-G powdered coal (CAS: 7440-44-0, Sigma-Aldrich, Ref: 675326-250G).
- the molar ratio of the mixture of TMOS / APTES / MeOH / H 2 0 precursors is 0.95 / 0.05 / 5/4.
- the corresponding volumes are respectively 45.234 mL, 3.782 mL, 64.727 mL and 23.059 mL.
- the Darco KB-G content in the soil is 222.6 g / L.
- cylindrical black granules of dimensions 0.95 (L) * 0.25 (diameter) cm (Example 24p) or 0.95 (L) * 0.5 (diameter) cm are obtained (Example 24) according to the mold sizes.
- the MET grids are prepared as follows: 1 mg of material is suspended in 1 ml of ethanol and then vortexed for a few seconds. 10 ⁇ ⁇ solution are placed on a grid and the grid is allowed to dry in the open air for a few minutes before use.
- the MET images of the activated carbon W35 (FIG. 3) and the various materials synthesized in Examples 1 to 5 show that the active carbon is completely covered with the sol-gel material, thus demonstrating the obtaining of a hybrid heart-shell material. consisting of an active carbon core surrounded by a sol-gel material (FIGS. 2A, 2B, 4A, 4B, 5, 6, 7 and 8).
- the TEM images of the activated carbon encapsulated in different functionalized sol-gel silicas show that the addition of a silica co-precursor allows the adhesion of silica nanoparticles around the materials in addition to their recovery by the latter.
- Scanning Electron Microscopy is a powerful technique for observing surface topography. It is based mainly on the detection of secondary electrons emerging from the surface under the impact of a very fine primary electron brush which scans the observed surface and allows images with a separating power often less than 5 nm to be obtained and a great depth of field.
- the instrument makes it possible to form an almost parallel brush, very thin (up to a few nanometers), electrons strongly accelerated by adjustable tensions from 0.1 to 30 keV, to focus on the area to be examined and to scan it. gradually.
- Appropriate detectors collect significant signals as the surface is scanned and form a variety of meaningful images.
- the images of the samples were made with Zeiss "Ultra 55" SEM. Classically, the samples are observed directly without any particular deposit (metal, carbon).
- Figure 9 shows the SEM images of an activated carbon rod coated with a thin film of sol-gel material and the successive magnifications of the surface showing the cracks of the silicate layer. ⁇ Infrared spectroscopy
- FTIR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- An infrared spectrum makes it possible to easily highlight the presence of certain functional groups, and can serve as a "spectroscopic identity map" for a molecule or a material.
- the ATR module (Attenuated Total Reflectance) is installed on the IR spectrometer ( Figure 10). The principle consists of putting a crystal (ZnSe or diamond) in contact with the sample to be analyzed.
- the IR beam propagates in the crystal; if the refractive index of the crystal is greater than that of the sample, then the beam undergoes total reflections beyond a certain angle of incidence at the sample / crystal interface with the exception of a wave , called evanescent wave that emerges from the crystal and is absorbed by the sample. It is this evanescent wave that is responsible for the observed IR spectrum.
- the depth of penetration is of the order of 1 to 2 micrometers, which therefore provides surface information. This is particularly interesting for the analysis of pure samples (without dilution in a KBr matrix) since the risk of the peaks saturating is very low. Moreover, at low energies, the resolution is generally better than for a "classical" spectrum in transmission.
- the IR spectra were made with Bruker's FTIR-ATR "Alpha-P" module.
- the infrared spectra of the various materials synthesized in Examples 1 to 4 clearly show the presence of the silica in the materials by the peak at 1050-1100 cm -1 corresponding to the Si-0 link elongation vibrations (FIGS. 10-13).
- Thermogravimetric analysis consists of placing a sample in an oven under a controlled atmosphere and measuring mass variations as a function of temperature. The gradual increase in temperature, or temperature ramp, induces the evaporation of the solvents and the proper degradation of each of the organic constituents of the sample. The decrease in mass corresponding to these losses makes it possible to quantify the proportions of each component in the material.
- a Setaram TGA - 92-1750 device is used for a double measurement of each sample. The protocol is as follows: About 10 mg of monolith are finely ground, weighed and placed in the scale of the apparatus.
- FIG. 14 shows the ATG of Example 6. From the losses of material at different temperatures (H 2 O, Aminopropyl chains, CA), it is possible to deduce the mass of CA and silicate, the proportions of which are 85.4 and 14.6% respectively for the CA and the functionalized silica.
- thermogravimetric analysis was carried out as follows. The sample was heated from 25 ° to 700 ° C. Four temperature levels were established at 100, 250, 400 and 700 ° C and the loss of mass is monitored as a function of time. Slope variations indicate the successive mass losses of residual water, organic chains of functionalized silicate and activated carbon. The residual mass is that of nonfunctionalized silica.
- the first temperature step at 100 ° C is established to quantify the loss of water, corresponding to the interstitial water present in the silicates.
- the weight loss between 200 ° C. and 400 ° C. corresponds to that of the organic functionalized silicate chain and represents 3.3%.
- the mass loss between 400 ° C and 700 ° C corresponds to that of the CA.
- the dry final material contains 53% of CA and 47% of silica.
- the ATG of the material of Example 22 is shown in FIG.
- the percentage of micropores of the materials according to the invention is due to the presence of the active charcoal which is microporous to it while the silica sol-gel which surrounds it is mesoporous.
- Atrazine was chosen as the first pollutant studied because of its very good adsorption by charcoal.
- the idea was to compare hybrid composite materials with activated carbon. The adsorption capacity of the materials was determined from their suspension in pollutant solutions and the study of the supernatant over time. For this, 8 mg of materials are deposited in a plastic bottle. 60 ml of an aqueous solution containing 14 mg / l atrazine are added and the solution is stirred at room temperature. Aliquots of 6 mL are taken over time, centrifuged to remove traces of materials and supernatant solutions are studied by UV spectroscopy.
- Atrazine has a maximum of absorbance at 223 nm. After reading it for different contact times between materials and pollutants, we converted it to adsorption percentage from the parent pollutant solution to give Table 3:
- Examples 1 to 5 and 13, 14 and 17 clearly show 2 trends.
- Examples 1 to 5 prepared with a surfactant exhibit adsorption comparable to activated charcoal alone even if slightly less effective with rapid and almost complete adsorption.
- Examples 13, 14 and 17 prepared without a surfactant have a very low adsorption, probably due to the lack of porosity of the silica, allowing atrazine to penetrate the materials.
- the functionalization of the materials does not seem to have an impact whatsoever with the materials prepared with or without surfactant.
- Acetone is part of the range of very small pollutants that theoretically are not retained by the Activated Carbon.
- the adsorption capacity of the materials was determined from their suspension in pollutant solutions and the study of the supernatant over time. For this, 8 mg of materials are deposited in a plastic bottle. 60 ml of an aqueous solution containing acetone at 10 g / l are added and the solution is stirred at room temperature. Aliquots of 6 mL are taken over time, centrifuged to remove traces of materials and supernatant solutions are studied by UV spectroscopy. 5 Here is the list of materials that were used
- Example 17 Hybrid functionalized with amino groups prepared without surfactant Acetone exhibits a maximum of absorbance at 265 nm. After reading it for different contact times between materials and pollutants, we converted it to the adsorption percentage relative to the parent pollutant solution to give Table 5:
- Acetaldehyde is part of the range of very small pollutants that theoretically are not retained by activated carbon.
- the adsorption capacity of the materials was determined from their suspension in pollutant solutions and the study of the supernatant over time. For this, 8 mg of materials are deposited in a plastic bottle. 60 ml of an aqueous solution containing acetone at 11 g / l are added and the solution is stirred at room temperature. Aliquots of 6 mL are taken over time, centrifuged to remove traces of materials and supernatant solutions are studied by UV spectroscopy.
- Acetaldehyde has a maximum absorbance at 278 nm. After reading it for different contact times between materials and pollutants, we converted it to adsorption percentage from the parent pollutant solution to give Table 6:
- Example 1 shows only 16% adsorption of acetaldehyde.
- Examples 2 to 5 possessing additional functional groups, demonstrate the utility of the latter by a very marked increase in adsorption between 44 and 62%, demonstrating the utility of a functionalization to improve targeting. specific pollutants.
- Methiocarb is one of the medium-sized molecules that can be readily adsorbed by activated carbon.
- This example is a second test to compare our activated carbon materials in its optimal conditions. The adsorption capacity of the materials was determined from their suspension in pollutant solutions and the study of the supernatant over time. For this, 8 mg of materials are deposited in a plastic bottle. 60 ml of an aqueous solution containing acetone at 10 mg / l are added and the solution is stirred at room temperature. Aliquots of 6 mL are taken over time, centrifuged to remove traces of materials and supernatant solutions are studied by UV spectroscopy.
- Methiocarb has a maximum absorbance at 262 nm. After reading it for different contact times between materials and pollutants, we converted it to adsorption percentage from the parent pollutant solution to give Table 7:
- a model filter system has been put in place. This system consists of a syringe in which the hybrid material is trapped between two cotton filters and through which the solution containing the pollutant must pass (Figure 31).
- Example 1 Between the two filters, we inserted 5 mg of Example 1 and poured 10 mL of atrazine solution at 20 mg / L. The collected liquid was then passed directly into UV-visible spectroscopy (Varian 300 spectrometer). This operation was repeated a second time to verify that the filter was still adsorbing. The data obtained by spectroscopy are shown in Figure 28. It is observed that for the first 10 milliliters as well as for the following 10, the atrazine is completely adsorbed by Example 1 (FIG. 28). In addition, a parallel study was conducted without materials to see the absorption capacity of filters alone. This study showed that the filters used do not absorb atrazine and therefore do not influence our results.
- Example 4 An example of use of Example 4 is shown for the retention of toluene.
- a drilling curve of the material was made ( Figure 32).
- a 10 ml syringe, equipped with 2 tips, is filled with 100 mg of Example 4, then exposed to a flow of 350 ml / min of a gaseous mixture (N 2 + toluene) containing 1 ppm. (3.77 mg / m3) toluene.
- the toluene content upstream of the syringe is measured and that downstream is monitored over time.
- the toluene content is measured with a PID detector, ppbRAE.
- the drilling curve shown below, indicates that the nanoparticles alone retain only very little toluene. Indeed, traces of the latter are observed from the first minutes of the experiment and the concentration of toluene bases is found at the exit of syringes after 19h.
- Figure 35 compares the trapping efficiencies of toluene from different materials.
- Application Example 10 Adsorption of Hexaldehyde by Powdered Materials
- the device used for establishing a drilling curve is shown in FIG. 37.
- the generation of calibrated gas mixture is obtained by sweeping the vapor phase of the pure hexanal 1 contained in a washing bottle 1 maintained at -40.degree. using an ethanolic bath 2. At this temperature, the gaseous mixture contains 25 ppm hexaldehyde (102 mg / m).
- a filter 3 consisting of a 6 ml syringe equipped with 2 tips filled with 50 mg of the material to be tested is exposed to the gaseous mixture flow.
- NORIT W35 activated carbon is in micrometric powder form, functionalized silicate matrices and hybrid materials were also milled to a micron powder.
- the hexaldehyde content upstream of the syringe is measured and that downstream is monitored over time.
- the measurement of the hexaldehyde content is carried out with a PID detector, ppbRAE 4.
- the silica material functionalized with amino groups shows a low efficiency quite similar to that of activated carbon over long periods ( Figure 38).
- the hybrid material functionalized with amino groups (Example 18), which combines the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon and the irreversible adsorption capacity of the functionalized silica, which is the most efficient.
- Application example 11 Adsorption of hexaldehyde by cylindrical materials
- the effect of the shape of the materials on the trapping capacity of hexaldehyde is studied.
- the materials are in the form of cylindrical rods.
- the adsorption capacity of the materials was determined for hexaldehyde with the device of Figure 37.
- a 6 mL syringe, equipped with 2 tips is filled with 1 g of material and then exposed to a flow of 300 mL / min of a gaseous mixture (N 2 + hexaldehyde) containing 25 ppm (102 mg / m 2) of hexaldehyde.
- the hexaldehyde content upstream of the syringe is measured and that downstream is monitored over time.
- the measurement of the hexaldehyde content is carried out with a PID detector, ppbRAE.
- the silica material alone functionalized with amino groups has significantly less effective adsorption than activated carbon alone and hybrid materials (Figure 39).
- Examples 18 and 18p show more effective hexaldehyde adsorption than NORIT RBAA-3 active carbon even though the activated carbon granules are smaller. From this study, it appears that the size of the materials influences the trapping of pollutant. More The size of the rods is small, the denser the filter will be with an increase in the tortuosity of the path of the gas flow which favors the trapping of the pollutant.
- Application example 12 Adsorption of hexaldehyde by functionalized hybrid materials differing in the proportion of activated carbon.
- the effect of a decrease in the proportion of activated carbon was studied for the filter comprising 5% of APTES.
- the adsorption capacity of the materials was determined from their exposure to a calibrated flow of hexaldehyde.
- a 6 mL syringe, equipped with 2 tips is filled with 1 g of rod material and then exposed to a flow of 300 mL / min of a gaseous mixture (N 2 + hexaldehyde) containing 25 ppm (102 mg / m) hexaldehyde.
- the hexaldehyde content upstream of the syringe is measured and that downstream is monitored over time.
- the measurement of the hexaldehyde content is carried out with a PID detector, ppbRAE.
- Table 9 Hybrid materials functionalized with amine groups with different proportions of activated carbon.
- the effect of the proportion of functionalized silicon precursors with primary amine groups (APTES) was studied.
- the adsorption capacity of the materials was determined from their exposure to a calibrated flow of hexaldehyde.
- a 6 mL syringe, equipped with 2 tips, is filled with 1 g of material, then exposed to a flow rate of 300 mL / min of a gaseous mixture (N 2 + hexaldehyde) containing 25 ppm (102 mg / m) hexaldehyde.
- the hexaldehyde content upstream of the syringe is measured and that downstream is monitored over time.
- the measurement of the hexaldehyde content is carried out with a PID detector, ppbRAE.
- the percentage of silica precursor functionalized with amino groups has an impact on the adsorption capacity.
- the results indicate that as the proportion of amino groups increases, the trapping capacity of hexanal decreases. This phenomenon is probably due to the increase in the intrinsic basicity of the material which makes the reaction between amines and hexanal less favorable. Indeed, the reaction between amines and aldehydes is favored in acidic medium.
- the optimized percentage of silica functionalized precursor with amino groups (APTES) is 5% for the trapping of an aldehyde.
- Application example 14 Adsorption of hexaldehyde by hybrid materials functionalized with primary amine groups (APTES) and with primary / secondary amine groups (TMPED).
- APTES primary amine groups
- TMPED primary / secondary amine groups
- the effect of the nature of amino silicated precursor was studied for the filter comprising 5% of APTES and 5% of TMPED.
- the adsorption capacity of the materials was determined from their exposure to a calibrated flow of hexaldehyde.
- a 6 mL syringe, equipped with 2 tips is filled with 1 g of material, then exposed to a flow rate of 300 mL / min of a gaseous mixture (N 2 + hexaldehyde) containing 25 ppm (102 mg / m) hexaldehyde.
- the hexaldehyde content upstream of the syringe is measured and that downstream is monitored over time.
- the measurement of the hexaldehyde content is carried out with a PID detector, ppbRAE.
- Example 18 has a more effective adsorption capacity than Example 22 because the intrinsic basicity of the matrix of Example 18 is less important ( Figure 42).
- Example 18p An exemplary use of Example 18p is shown for the retention of acetaldehyde, acetone and ⁇ -2-Heptenal.
- the adsorption capacity of the materials was determined from their exposure to a calibrated flow of a pollutant.
- a 6 ml syringe equipped with 2 tips is filled with 1 g of granules of Example 18p and then exposed to a flow of 300 ml / min of a gaseous mixture (N 2 + pollutant) containing either 20 ppm ⁇ -2-Heptenal, ie 75 ppm acetone or 3 ppm acetaldehyde.
- the pollutant content upstream of the syringe is measured and that downstream is monitored over time.
- the measurement of the pollutant content is carried out with a PID detector, ppbRAE.
- the ratio [° »" a "ti] upstream [oiiuanti] down 100 allows to deduce the quantity trapped by
- Example 18p traps the heptenal very well, but a little less well acetone and acetaldehyde which are small. Trapping rates of acetone and acetaldehyde still remain high after 5 hours exposure (> 80%).
- Example of application 16 Tests for trapping total VOCs resulting from the oxidation of the oil by the various filters (frying odors). Hundreds of volatile compounds are generated by the oxidation of the oil used as a heat carrier for cooking food. Oxidation leads to the formation of very unstable primary products (hydroperoxides, free radicals, conjugated dienes) and rapidly decomposed into secondary products (aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, acids, etc.) [21, 22, 23] .
- the device used for cooking oil and recovering total volatile organic compounds is shown schematically in Figure 44. It is a pressure cooker 11 operating on an induction plate 12 with a tight cover having an air inlet 13 and a central opening 14 of 11 cm in diameter on which rests a funnel 15 of 15 cm in diameter.
- the air inlet sweeps the head space at 500 mL / min to recover VOCs for measurement.
- the VOCs are collected using the funnel and the gaseous mixture is diluted with dry air (1 L / min) before being driven to a 500 mL three-necked flask.
- the gaseous mixture is drawn at 1.5 L / min using a peristaltic pump 17 to homogenize the atmosphere in the flask.
- VOCs The measurement of VOCs is performed with a photoionization detector (PID) 18 whose head is held in the balloon.
- PID photoionization detector
- 2 liters of sunflower oil for frying were continuously heated at 180 ° C for 4 hours.
- the filter compartment 19 is filled with 30 g of material (example 18p or NORIT RBAA-3 active carbon) or with a commercial filter (activated carbon impregnated foam, Ref: SEB - SS-984689).
- the content of total VOCs downstream of the filter is monitored over time using the PID detector, ppbRAE.
- Figure 45 shows the comparative performance of the various filters during oil cooking.
- the commercial filter retains very little of the total VOCs.
- the adsorption of total VOCs by NORIT RBAA-3 activated carbon is also less efficient than the hybrid composite material even if these two materials have a similar adsorption in the case of the mono-pollutant adsorption study.
- Application Example 17 Tests for trapping total VOCs resulting from the oxidation of the oil by hybridized functionalized materials (Examples 18p and 24p) differing in the nature of activated carbon or by the functionalization of the matrix (Examples 18p and 22p).
- Figure 46 shows the comparative performance of the various filters during oil cooking. In this study, 2 liters of sunflower oil for frying were continuously heated at 180 ° C for 4 hours. The filter compartment is filled with 30 g of material (examples 18p, 22p and 24p). The device shown in Figure 44 is used for the collection of total VOCs downstream of the various filters.
- Diuron is a phytosanitary product (pesticide, CAS No. 330-54-1) with a herbicidal effect. Diuron is widely used as a weed killer to kill unwanted grasses and other annual and persistent broadleaf weeds, particularly in viticulture. It is found in surface water that must be treated for the production of drinking water.
- the adsorption capacity of the materials was determined from their suspension in pollutant solutions and the study of the supernatant over time. For this, 10 mg of test materials are deposited in a plastic bottle. 60 ml of an aqueous solution (Evian water) containing diuron 20 mg / l are added and the solution is stirred at room temperature. Aliquots of 6 mL are taken over time, centrifuged to remove traces of materials and supernatant solutions are studied by UV spectroscopy.
- Table 12 Materials used for the comparative study of the adsorption capacity of Diuron
- Example 1 Unfunctional Hybrid
- the diuron in aqueous solution (Evian water) has two absorption bands in the UV with maxima at 249 nm and 212 nm.
- the absorbance at 212 nm of the diuron present in the solution is monitored over time.
- Table 13 and Figure 47 show the comparison of diuron trapping efficiencies by different materials.
- 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (CAS RN 95-95-4) is a by-product of chlorination of bis-phenol A. This product is classified as a CMR. It is found in drinking water treated with chlorine.
- the adsorption capacity of the materials was determined from their suspension in pollutant solutions and the study of the supernatant over time. For this, 10 mg of test materials are deposited in a plastic bottle. 60 ml of an aqueous solution (Evian water) containing 2,4,6-trichlorophenol at 20 mg / l are added and the solution is stirred at room temperature. Aliquots of 6 mL are taken over time, centrifuged to remove traces of materials and supernatant solutions are studied by UV spectroscopy.
- the 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in aqueous solution has an absorption band in the UV with a maximum centered at 292 nm.
- the absorbance at 292 nm of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol present in the solution is monitored over time.
- Table 15 and Figure 48 show the comparison of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol trapping efficiencies by different materials.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1750145A FR3061708B1 (fr) | 2017-01-06 | 2017-01-06 | Procede de preparation de materiaux hybrides cœur-coquille |
| PCT/FR2018/050030 WO2018127671A1 (fr) | 2017-01-06 | 2018-01-08 | Procede de preparation de materiaux hybrides coeur-coquille |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3565783A1 true EP3565783A1 (fr) | 2019-11-13 |
Family
ID=58739071
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18700794.3A Withdrawn EP3565783A1 (fr) | 2017-01-06 | 2018-01-08 | Procede de preparation de materiaux hybrides coeur-coquille |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11318442B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3565783A1 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR20190105040A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN110312682A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3061708B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018127671A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107188173B (zh) * | 2017-05-17 | 2020-08-11 | 安徽省舒城华竹实业有限公司 | 巯基功能化介孔竹炭材料的制备方法 |
| FR3083682B1 (fr) * | 2018-07-12 | 2020-12-11 | Ethera | Couvercle anti-odeur |
| EP4570778A1 (fr) * | 2018-08-31 | 2025-06-18 | Corning Incorporated | Procédés de fabrication de corps en nid d'abeilles ayant des dépôts de filtration inorganiques |
| US11376561B2 (en) * | 2018-10-02 | 2022-07-05 | Waters Technologies Corporation | Sorbent particles for sample treatment |
| CN109225139A (zh) * | 2018-11-06 | 2019-01-18 | 南方科技大学 | 城市生活污水污泥基重金属吸附剂及其制备方法、应用 |
| WO2021201778A1 (fr) * | 2020-03-31 | 2021-10-07 | National University Of Singapore | Charbon actif et son procédé de fabrication |
| CN112156729B (zh) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-10-12 | 安徽壹石通材料科技股份有限公司 | 一种氧化硅/碳复合结构微球的制备方法 |
| CN112675814B (zh) * | 2020-12-10 | 2022-03-29 | 四川大学 | 一种富硅生物质基生物炭/介孔二氧化硅复合材料及其制备方法与应用 |
| CN112517083B (zh) * | 2020-12-10 | 2023-05-05 | 李通 | 一种用于制氯乙烯的催化剂及其制备方法 |
| CN112645324B (zh) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-10-04 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | 具有核壳结构的多孔碳复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN112645327B (zh) * | 2020-12-21 | 2022-09-23 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | 多孔碳核壳复合材料的制备方法 |
| CN113426429B (zh) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-12-27 | 西安大望山化工科技有限公司 | 一种脱氯剂的制备方法 |
| DE102022103174A1 (de) * | 2022-02-10 | 2023-08-10 | Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft | Funktionalisierte Aktivkohle als Adsorptionsmittel für die Abscheidung von CO2 aus der Atmosphärenluft |
| CN114950365B (zh) * | 2022-05-27 | 2024-05-10 | 徐州工程学院 | 一种核壳式生物质吸附剂及其制备方法 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102773073A (zh) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-11-14 | 南京工业大学 | 一种疏水SiO2气凝胶-活性炭复合材料的制备方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4343358A1 (de) * | 1993-12-18 | 1995-06-22 | Hasso Von Bluecher | Aktivkohle enthaltende poröse Körper |
| KR100708331B1 (ko) * | 2005-07-04 | 2007-04-17 | 최성우 | 휘발성탄화수소 회수용 흡착제 및 그 제조방법 |
| US9033158B2 (en) | 2009-08-06 | 2015-05-19 | Kuraray Chemical Co., Ltd. | Molded activated charcoal and water purifier involving same |
| CN102059022B (zh) | 2010-11-23 | 2012-10-03 | 苏州市维欧泰克精密制造有限公司 | 用于去除饮用水中钠的过滤介质 |
| CN102350323B (zh) | 2011-08-18 | 2013-06-05 | 奇迪电器集团有限公司 | 用于去除饮用水中人工合成麝香的过滤介质及制法 |
| CN104058542B (zh) | 2013-03-18 | 2016-12-28 | 王颖 | 动静组合多级滤床旋流磁化净水器 |
| CN104801279A (zh) * | 2015-04-13 | 2015-07-29 | 运城学院 | 溶胶凝胶法改性活性炭粒子的方法 |
| CN105688848A (zh) * | 2016-03-12 | 2016-06-22 | 常州大学 | 一种炭-硅复合吸附剂的制备方法 |
| CN105800607A (zh) * | 2016-05-30 | 2016-07-27 | 济南大学 | 一种不易氧化的活性炭粉及活性炭粉的防氧化处理方法 |
| CN106000320B (zh) * | 2016-05-30 | 2019-03-15 | 济南大学 | 一种亲水性活性炭以及活性炭粉的亲水处理方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-01-06 FR FR1750145A patent/FR3061708B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-01-08 WO PCT/FR2018/050030 patent/WO2018127671A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2018-01-08 KR KR1020197023045A patent/KR20190105040A/ko not_active Ceased
- 2018-01-08 EP EP18700794.3A patent/EP3565783A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-01-08 CN CN201880010738.2A patent/CN110312682A/zh active Pending
- 2018-01-08 US US16/476,166 patent/US11318442B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102773073A (zh) * | 2011-11-30 | 2012-11-14 | 南京工业大学 | 一种疏水SiO2气凝胶-活性炭复合材料的制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US11318442B2 (en) | 2022-05-03 |
| KR20190105040A (ko) | 2019-09-11 |
| US20190351392A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
| FR3061708A1 (fr) | 2018-07-13 |
| FR3061708B1 (fr) | 2021-10-22 |
| WO2018127671A9 (fr) | 2019-05-16 |
| WO2018127671A1 (fr) | 2018-07-12 |
| CN110312682A (zh) | 2019-10-08 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| EP3565783A1 (fr) | Procede de preparation de materiaux hybrides coeur-coquille | |
| Chen et al. | Porous silica nanocapsules and nanospheres: dynamic self-assembly synthesis and application in controlled release | |
| Chen et al. | Adsorption kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamics of atrazine on surface oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes | |
| Yohai et al. | Retracted Article: Nanocomposite functionalized membranes based on silica nanoparticles cross-linked to electrospun nanofibrous support for arsenic (v) adsorption from contaminated underground water | |
| WO2017109426A1 (fr) | Procédé de préparation de nouveaux nanomatériaux | |
| Tomina et al. | Composite sorbents based on porous ceramic substrate and hybrid amino-and mercapto-silica materials for Ni (II) and Pb (II) ions removal | |
| FR3061724A1 (fr) | Procede de revetement de materiaux textiles | |
| Kumarage et al. | Electrospun amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles–cellulose acetate nanofiber membranes for effective removal of hardness and heavy metals (As (v), Cd (ii), Pb (ii)) in drinking water sources | |
| Nasreen et al. | Hybrid mesoporous silicates: a distinct aspect to synthesis and application for decontamination of phenols | |
| Bala et al. | Tea waste–derived charcoal as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of rhodamine B | |
| EP2819954A1 (fr) | Utilisation de nanotubes de carbone et d'argile minerale synthetique pour la purification d'eaux contaminees | |
| CA3106068A1 (fr) | Couvercle anti-odeur | |
| FR3039423A1 (fr) | Materiau organosilicique pour la depollution de l'eau | |
| EP3526391A1 (fr) | Procede de revetement solgel de materiaux textiles | |
| Sivanathan et al. | Phenylalanine Self-Assembled Nanotubes Intercalated Sol-Gel Silica Membrane for Synergetic Removal of Harmful Chromium and Dye Particles—Assembling, Probing and Novel Photocatalytic Recycling | |
| Valliammai et al. | Adsorption of Erythrosine-B on mesoporous graphitic activated carbon prepared from bael tree (Aeglemarmelos) bark: equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies | |
| Rachel et al. | Optimization study of the removal of atrazine from aqueous solution on to composite activated carbon-silver using response surface methodology | |
| Alizadeh et al. | Adsorption of methylene blue from an aqueous dyeing solution by use of santa barbara amorphous-15 nanostructure: Kinetic and isotherm studies | |
| Yohai del Cerro et al. | Nanocomposite functionalized membranes based on silica nanoparticles cross-linked to electrospun nanofibrous support for arsenic (v) adsorption from contaminated underground water | |
| Altintig et al. | Adsorption behavior of Cr (VI) on activated carbon: isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic studies | |
| Srivastava et al. | Kinetic, adsorption, and thermodynamic evaluation of basic blue 3 removal by activated carbon derived from fox nutshell | |
| Madadi et al. | Synthesis, characterization and application of silica aerogel-eggshell nanocomposite for the dye removal from colored wastewater | |
| Xia et al. | Study on triazophos adsorption behavior on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes | |
| Biuki et al. | Application of magnetite nanoparticle-modified walnut shell as an adsorbent for the removal of the organic dye Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 | |
| Krishnaveni et al. | Polysulfone chitosan membrane for the removal of nitrate and phosphate from fertilizer wastes |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: UNKNOWN |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE |
|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20190705 |
|
| AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
Extension state: BA ME |
|
| DAV | Request for validation of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| DAX | Request for extension of the european patent (deleted) | ||
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS |
|
| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20230125 |
|
| RAP3 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: CENTRE NATIONAL DE LA RECHERCHE SCIENTIFIQUE -CNRS Owner name: COMMISSARIAT A L'ENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIESALTERNATIVES |
|
| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20250801 |