EP3559968B1 - Ensemble d'isolation pour installation haute ou moyenne tension - Google Patents

Ensemble d'isolation pour installation haute ou moyenne tension Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3559968B1
EP3559968B1 EP18700528.5A EP18700528A EP3559968B1 EP 3559968 B1 EP3559968 B1 EP 3559968B1 EP 18700528 A EP18700528 A EP 18700528A EP 3559968 B1 EP3559968 B1 EP 3559968B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulator arrangement
blocking
relative permittivity
arrangement according
blocking region
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18700528.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3559968A1 (fr
Inventor
Katrin Benkert
Martin Koletzko
Werner Hartmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3559968A1 publication Critical patent/EP3559968A1/fr
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Publication of EP3559968B1 publication Critical patent/EP3559968B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66284—Details relating to the electrical field properties of screens in vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66261—Specific screen details, e.g. mounting, materials, multiple screens or specific electrical field considerations
    • H01H2033/66292—Details relating to the use of multiple screens in vacuum switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an insulator arrangement for a high-voltage or medium-voltage system according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a ceramic material is often used as the insulating material in high and medium-voltage systems, in particular switchgear.
  • the insulating capacity of these solid bodies is generally quite high. Defects in the lattice structure or grain structure of the ceramic materials can lead to a breakdown at high voltages, in particular higher than 72kV. i.e. With these materials, the breakdown field strength E bd is reached above a critical electrical voltage or a critical potential. However, the critical breakdown field strength Ebd , which is influenced by the defects mentioned, cannot be increased solely by making the ceramic insulator correspondingly thicker or longer.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an insulator arrangement for a high-voltage or medium-voltage system which, compared to the prior art, ensures an increase in the breakdown field strength of the insulator arrangement with constant geometric dimensions. From the JP 2014 182877 A a resin molded vacuum interrupter is known.
  • the insulator arrangement according to the invention for a high-voltage or medium-voltage system has at least one ceramic structural element which is designed to be axisymmetric.
  • a typical symmetrical configuration of the structural element would be a cylinder shape, which can however also run conically; an elliptical distortion of the cross section is also technically possible in principle.
  • the structural element has at least two ring-shaped base regions which are separated from one another by a likewise ring-shaped blocking region.
  • Ring-shaped is understood here to mean a cylindrical shape, which can also run conically or in the form of a hollow cone, which has a circular or elliptical cross section.
  • the invention is characterized in that the permittivity of the material of the blocking region is at least twice as high as the permittivity of the material of the base region.
  • the electric field strength of the electric field induced by the high-voltage system becomes clear in the blocking areas compared to the base areas humiliated.
  • This is referred to as weak-field areas; ideally, these are field-free areas.
  • This field weakening is determined by the ratio of the relative permittivity of the material of the base regions and the relative permittivity of the blocking regions. This electrically subdivides the ceramic internally into short axial pieces, greatly increasing the electrical strength of the section as well as that of the entire insulator assembly.
  • the permittivity ⁇ which is also referred to as the electrical conductivity or the electrical function, is understood to mean the permeability of a material for electrical fields.
  • the vacuum also has a permittivity that is also referred to as the electric field constant ⁇ 0 .
  • Equation 1 the relative permittivity ⁇ r described in Equation 1 is used for the permittivity.
  • a significant weakening of the electric field in the blocking regions can already be observed by a difference of a factor of 2 between the relative permittivities of the base region and the blocking region.
  • the weakening of the electric field in the blocking areas and thus the resulting segmentation of the base areas in areas that are electrically decoupled from one another is all the stronger, the higher the relative permittivity in the blocking areas, i.e. the higher the factor between the permittivity of the blocking area and the permittivity of the base region.
  • the relative permittivity of the blocking region is at least five times as high as the permittivity of the base region; it is particularly advantageous if it is at least ten times or is particularly advantageously at least 100 times as high as the permittivity of the base region.
  • Such a high permittivity can be achieved in particular by a titanate, ie a salt of titanic acid, in particular barium titanate.
  • An advantageous combination is an aluminum oxide or a material that includes aluminum oxide as the material for the base area and a material based on a titanate, in particular barium titanate or calcium titanate, for the blocking area.
  • the titanium oxide also has a high permittivity and is suitable as a material or as a material component of the blocking region.
  • the relative permittivity of the material of the base region is usually and preferably between 5 and 25.
  • the relative permittivity is a unitless variable which, as stated, results from the ratio of the total permittivity and the electric field constant ⁇ 0 .
  • the relative permittivity of the material of the blocking region is at least twice as high as the relative permittivity of the base region, ie it is at least 10 and is in a range between 10 and 10,000.
  • the relative permittivity of the control range is particularly preferably in a range between 100 and 10,000, particularly preferably between 1,000 and 10,000.
  • the length of the base areas in the direction of the axis of symmetry can be between a value of 5 mm and 50 mm. It has been found that particularly good segmentation of the insulator arrangement or of the structural element results in these length ranges of the base regions. The same applies to a linear expansion of the blocking areas that is between 0.1 mm and 5 mm.
  • the ratio of the linear extent of a respective base region to a respective Linear expansion of the associated restricted area has an amount between 10 and 100.
  • the insulator arrangement described can be part of a high-voltage or medium-voltage switchgear, which can be either a vacuum switchgear or a gas-insulated switchgear.
  • shielding elements are attached to an inner wall of the insulating structural element, which serve to deflect and divert the electric field and to distribute the equipotential lines more homogeneously in the material of the structural element.
  • These shielding elements also known as shielding plates, are preferably arranged in such a way that they are fastened in the structural element where there is a blocking area.
  • Equipotential lines are lines with the same electrical potential. They are perpendicular to the corresponding field lines of the associated electrical field and have a comparable density. Narrow equipotential lines correspond to narrow field lines, equipotential lines drawn apart also lead to field lines drawn apart.
  • FIG 1 a representation of a high-voltage switchgear 3 is given, which has a switch room 26 in which two switching contacts 24 are shown to be axially movable relative to one another, an electrical contact being able to be made or separated by an axial movement of at least one of the switching contacts.
  • the switchgear 3 has insulator arrangements 1 which comprise at least one insulating structural element 2 .
  • the insulator arrangement 1 has three structural elements 2 . In principle and preferably, however, the insulator arrangement 1 consists of only one structural element 2 if possible. The possibility of realizing this will be discussed in more detail below.
  • an insulator arrangement 1 in an insulator arrangement 1 according to the prior art, as a rule, a plurality of structural elements, which consist in particular of an oxide ceramic, for example aluminum oxide ceramic, are joined together to form the entire insulator arrangement 1 by means of a corresponding joining method.
  • an oxide ceramic for example aluminum oxide ceramic
  • the length of the insulator arrangement 1 in its axial direction is determined in particular by its breakdown field strength or its maximum isolable voltage.
  • a structural element 2 which has both base regions 4 and blocking regions 6 .
  • the base areas 4 have an axial length extension 8 which is greater than an axial length extension 12 of the blocking areas 6.
  • Two base areas 4 are separated from one another by a blocking area 6 in each case.
  • the axial expansion is described in each case along the axis of rotation 10 .
  • FIG 3 is the same insulating structural element 2 from the better clarity figure 2 given in a three-dimensional representation.
  • the Figures 4 and 5 is in each case the course of equipotential lines of equipotential lines 16 of an electric field which is induced by the electric current flow present in the switch room 26. Only the right half of the cross section of the structural element 2 is shown.
  • the axis of symmetry 10 is located on the outer left edge, in the middle of the illustration figure 4 and also according to figure 5 a section through the base regions 4 and through the blocking regions 6 is given. In doing so, they are divided Figures 4 and 5 in each case on the left in the image in an area 18 within the structural element and in an area 22 outside of the structural element and in an area 20 which represents the section through the material of the structural element.
  • a homogeneous electric field which is described by the equipotential lines 16, is shown.
  • the homogeneity of the field in area 18 is shown by the relatively even distance between the equipotential lines 16.
  • area 22 outside of structural element 2 the course of the equipotential lines is very different; here there are areas with a high density of equipotential lines, in which a strong electric field prevails and an area with widely spread equipotential lines 16 in which there is a weaker electric field. It is noticeable that there are almost no equipotential lines 16 in the blocking areas 6, which means that an extremely weak electric field or, in the ideal case, no electric field prevails in the blocking areas 6.
  • the base regions 4 thus act like further subordinate insulating structural elements which are electrically isolated from their neighboring base region are separated by the restricted area 6.
  • FIG. 5 An analogous representation of this is in figure 5 given, the equipotential lines almost not occurring here in the blocking areas 6 and thus the described segmentation between base areas is achieved.
  • FIG. 5 FIG.
  • Corresponding screen elements 14 are also in figure 1 shown accordingly.
  • the screen elements 14 are preferably designed in such a way that they are anchored in the blocking areas 6 in the structural element 2 .
  • the reduction of the equipotential lines 16 or the electric field 16 represented in this way in the blocking regions 6 of the structural element 2 is achieved in that the material of the blocking regions 6 has a relative permittivity which is at least twice as high as the relative permittivity of the base regions 4. In this way, the electric field is practically pushed out of the blocking areas 6 . This in turn causes the structure element 2 to be electrically segmented into the base regions 4 . This in turn has a similar effect on the breakdown field strength as the joining of several structural elements, as shown in figure 1 with the designation 2' for the structural element.
  • the joining of structural elements 2 to form an insulator arrangement 1 is not desirable, since this involves cost-intensive work processes that require quality assurance and a high level of technical complexity in order to ensure vacuum tightness or gas tightness. It is thus possible through the described arrangement of the structural element 2 and the segmentation into base regions 4 and blocking regions 6 to configure the entire insulator arrangement 1, a switchgear 3 or generally a high-voltage or medium-voltage system 3 with just one insulating structural element 2. Whether this is technically sufficient also depends on the required total breakdown field strength or the maximum applied voltage. For example, high-voltage switchgear of 72 kV can be realized by a structural element 2 with a length extension in the axial direction of 80 mm or less.
  • an insulator arrangement 1 should only comprise one structural element 2, but in the case of high-voltage systems with very high voltage, two or more structural elements 2 can also be joined to form an insulator arrangement 1, in which case this then has a total length expansion that is significantly lower than the linear expansion of conventionally equipped structural elements according to the prior art without the segmentation described.
  • a further advantage in the manufacture of the insulator structure is that during the manufacture of the structural element 2, materials for the base regions 4 and materials for the blocking regions 6 can be introduced alternately into a compression mold and can already be pressed and sintered into this structure. i.e.
  • a segmented structural element 2 can be produced by a conventional work step by introducing the materials alternately into the corresponding mold, which has a breakdown strength and a strength that can only be achieved using conventional means with structural elements that are connected to one another by complex soldering or joining methods. In this way, the manufacturing costs of the insulator arrangement can be significantly reduced and the claimed linear expansion and thus the installation space of the switchgear and the external dimensioning of the switchgear can be reduced.

Landscapes

  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Dispositif isolant pour une installation (3) de distribution en haute tension ou en moyenne tension comprenant au moins un élément (2) de structure isolant à symétrie axiale, caractérisé en ce que l'élément (2) de structure en céramique a au moins deux parties (4) de base annulaires, qui sont séparées l'une de l'autre par une partie (6) d'arrêt annulaire, grâce à quoi l'élément (2) de structure en céramique est subdivisé de manière interne électriquement en des pièces axiales courtes, de manière à ce que le rapport de l'étendue (8) en longueur d'une partie respective de base à l'étendue (12) respective en longueur de la partie (6) d'arrêt montée entre elles soit compris entre 10 et 100, dans lequel la permitivité relative du matériau de la partie (6) d'arrêt est au moins deux fois aussi grande que la permitivité relative de la matière des parties de base, et dans lequel l'étendue (12) en longueur de la partie (6) d'arrêt, dans la direction de l'axe (10) de symétrie, est comprise entre 0,1 mm et 5 mm.
  2. Dispositif isolant suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la permitivité relative de la matière de la partie (6) d'arrêt est au moins cinq fois, notamment 100 fois, aussi grande que la permitivité relative de la partie (4) de base.
  3. Dispositif isolant suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la matière de la partie (6) d'arrêt comprend un titanate, notamment du titanate de baryum.
  4. Dispositif isolant suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la matière de la partie (4) de base a une permitivité relative, qui est comprise entre 5 et 25.
  5. Dispositif isolant suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que la permitivité relative de la matière de la partie (6) d'arrêt est comprise entre 10 et 10 000, notamment entre 100 et 10 000, notamment entre 1 000 et 10 000.
  6. Dispositif isolant suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'étendue (8) en longueur des parties (4) de base, dans la direction de l'axe (10) de symétrie, est comprise entre 5 mm et 50 mm.
  7. Dispositif isolant suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que des éléments (14) de blindage sont mis sur une paroi (28) intérieure de l'élément (2) de structure.
  8. Dispositif isolant suivant la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les éléments (14) de blindage sont mis dans ou sur une partie (6) d'arrêt.
EP18700528.5A 2017-01-27 2018-01-04 Ensemble d'isolation pour installation haute ou moyenne tension Active EP3559968B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017201326.5A DE102017201326A1 (de) 2017-01-27 2017-01-27 Isolatoranordnung für eine Hochspannungs- oder Mittelspannungsanlage
PCT/EP2018/050166 WO2018137903A1 (fr) 2017-01-27 2018-01-04 Ensemble d'isolation pour installation haute ou moyenne tension

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3559968A1 EP3559968A1 (fr) 2019-10-30
EP3559968B1 true EP3559968B1 (fr) 2023-06-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18700528.5A Active EP3559968B1 (fr) 2017-01-27 2018-01-04 Ensemble d'isolation pour installation haute ou moyenne tension

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US10930454B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3559968B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6999680B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR102258591B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN110226211B (fr)
DE (1) DE102017201326A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018137903A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017201326A1 (de) 2017-01-27 2018-08-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Isolatoranordnung für eine Hochspannungs- oder Mittelspannungsanlage
IL269739B2 (en) * 2019-09-26 2024-05-01 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd Dielectric High Gradient Insulator and Manufacturing Method
EP4016576B1 (fr) * 2020-12-15 2024-10-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de commutation électrique pour applications moyenne et/ou haute tension

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2821479A1 (fr) * 2001-02-28 2002-08-30 Alstom Materiau isolant pour surmoulage sur appareils moyenne et haute tension, et appareils electriques moyenne et haute tension utilisant un tel materiau
DE102007022875A1 (de) * 2007-05-14 2008-11-27 Siemens Ag Gehäuse für eine Vakuumschaltröhre und Vakuumschaltröhre
WO2017198391A1 (fr) * 2016-05-19 2017-11-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication d'un isolateur céramique

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DE241809C (fr)
DD226690A1 (de) * 1984-09-24 1985-08-28 Buchwitz Otto Starkstrom Schalterpol
DD241809A1 (de) * 1985-10-16 1986-12-24 Buchwitz Otto Starkstrom Isoliergehaeuse fuer eine vakuumschaltkammer
JP3344314B2 (ja) * 1998-04-08 2002-11-11 株式会社村田製作所 パルス発生用コンデンサ
DE10029763B4 (de) * 2000-06-16 2009-01-15 Siemens Ag Vakuumschaltröhre
JP4319571B2 (ja) 2004-03-29 2009-08-26 株式会社東芝 樹脂モールド真空バルブおよびその製造方法
JP2005327709A (ja) * 2004-04-14 2005-11-24 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd 開閉器用容器、開閉器、及びセラミック筒の製造方法
JP4612407B2 (ja) 2004-12-22 2011-01-12 株式会社東芝 開閉装置
US20070007250A1 (en) * 2005-07-08 2007-01-11 Eaton Corporation Sealing edge cross-sectional profiles to allow brazing of metal parts directly to a metallized ceramic for vacuum interrupter envelope construction
DE102009031598B4 (de) 2009-07-06 2011-06-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschaltröhre
DE102010005466B3 (de) * 2010-01-20 2011-05-05 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vakuumschaltröhre
FR2971884B1 (fr) 2011-02-17 2014-01-17 Alstom Grid Sas Chambre de coupure d'un courant electrique pour disjoncteur a haute ou moyenne tension et disjoncteur comprenant une telle chambre
JP2014182877A (ja) 2013-03-18 2014-09-29 Toshiba Corp 樹脂絶縁真空バルブ
EP2806432A1 (fr) 2013-05-23 2014-11-26 ABB Technology Ltd Corps isolant pour assurer l'isolation électrique d'un conducteur et dispositif électrique comprenant un tel corps isolant
DE102017201326A1 (de) 2017-01-27 2018-08-02 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Isolatoranordnung für eine Hochspannungs- oder Mittelspannungsanlage

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2821479A1 (fr) * 2001-02-28 2002-08-30 Alstom Materiau isolant pour surmoulage sur appareils moyenne et haute tension, et appareils electriques moyenne et haute tension utilisant un tel materiau
DE102007022875A1 (de) * 2007-05-14 2008-11-27 Siemens Ag Gehäuse für eine Vakuumschaltröhre und Vakuumschaltröhre
WO2017198391A1 (fr) * 2016-05-19 2017-11-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de fabrication d'un isolateur céramique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN110226211A (zh) 2019-09-10
KR20190104222A (ko) 2019-09-06
US10930454B2 (en) 2021-02-23
WO2018137903A1 (fr) 2018-08-02
DE102017201326A1 (de) 2018-08-02
CN110226211B (zh) 2021-07-30
JP6999680B2 (ja) 2022-01-18
EP3559968A1 (fr) 2019-10-30
US20200027673A1 (en) 2020-01-23
KR102258591B1 (ko) 2021-05-31
JP2020507886A (ja) 2020-03-12

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