EP3536861A1 - Quick changer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a quick-change device (1) for changing attachments on a construction machine, comprising a carrier (2), first receptacles (3) arranged on one side of the carrier (2) for receiving a first coupling element, on the other side of the carrier ( 2) arranged second receptacles (4) for receiving a second coupling element and on the carrier (2) arranged catching device (8) for collecting the attachment includes. In order to prevent damage to the carrier (2) due to improper loading of the catching device (8), the catching device (8) has at least one catch hook (9) which is pivotably arranged on the carrier (2).

Description

The invention relates to a quick coupler according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such quick couplers are used for easy and convenient change of different attachments to construction equipment. With such a quick coupler, e.g. Swing spoons, grapples, shears, compressors, magnets, hydraulic breakers or other attachments in a few seconds and with a high safety standard from a driver's cab of e.g. be connected or disconnected on a boom of an excavator.

In the US 6 154 989 A a generic quick coupler is disclosed. This includes a carrier having on one side first recordings for holding a provided on an attachment first coupling element and on the other side second recordings with a movable between a release position and a locking position locking element for releasably supporting a second coupling element. In order to prevent the implements from falling down and thereby endangering persons from unintentional movement of the locking element into a release position, a catching device with a hook arrangement for holding a crossbar cooperating with counter hooks on the attachment is provided on the carrier. Since the hook arrangement provided for securing is made in one piece with the carrier, damage to the hook arrangement caused by improper use always also affects the entire carrier. A repair or replacement is therefore associated with a considerable effort.

The object of the invention is to provide a quick coupler of the type mentioned, can be avoided in the caused by improper loading of the catching damage to the carrier.

This object is achieved by a quick coupler with the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

In the quick coupler according to the invention, the catching device has at least one fishing hook pivotally connected to the carrier. Due to the pivotable arrangement, the catch hook can yield, if e.g. an operator abuts an obstacle when handling the quick coupler with the fishing hook or a fishing hook is not used in an unauthorized manner to support an excavator on the ground for turning or moving. Impacts or forces acting on the catch hook are thus not transmitted directly to the carrier by the resilience of the catch hooks, as a result of which the connection to the carrier is not so heavily loaded and the carrier is affected as little as possible. A damaged by improper use fishing hook can also be easily replaced without replacing the entire carrier. It does not have to be dismantled or changed the entire carrier. The at least one catch hook is designed so that it can catch a coupled with the quick coupler attachment even with an unintentional release movement of a locking device, thereby preventing unwanted loosening of the attachment of the quick coupler. The catch hook is completely independent of the operator-controlled locking device of the quick coupler and thus provides increased security even with improper operation. The catch hook is therefore designed for an operator-independent catching an attachment for additional security.

The catcher may include one or more separate or interconnected fishing hooks. In a particularly expedient embodiment, the catching device may comprise two catch hooks pivotally arranged on the first receptacles of the carrier. The fishing hooks can be designed as separate and separated from each other pivotable fishing hooks. But they can also be connected to each other.

In a robust and structurally advantageous embodiment, the catch hook can be arranged pivotably on a connecting web of the carrier about a transverse axis. For the pivotable arrangement of the fishing hook, the connecting web can have a transverse bore and the fishing hook suitable receiving bores for receiving the transverse axis.

Conveniently, the fishing hook can be rotatably mounted on the transverse axis via bearing bushes. This is a low-friction and well-protected against wear Linkage of the fishing hook to the carrier achieved. The transverse axis can be secured by a pin against the carrier against falling out and twisting.

In one possible embodiment, the connecting web can protrude into a space between two rearwardly projecting legs of the fishing hook. The catch hook may have at the ends of the legs pointing to the carrier an upper rounding and a rear contact surface for engagement with a front abutment surface of the carrier.

In a further possible embodiment, the connecting web can protrude into a recess provided with an upper inner surface and a lower inner surface on the rear side of the catch hook. Between the connecting web and the upper or lower inner surface of the recess, an upper and lower gap is preferably provided, in which a damping element is arranged.

However, the catch hook can also be inserted via one piece with the catch hook bearing pins as transverse axes in half-shell-shaped receptacles on the carrier and held from below by a counterpart. The half-shell-shaped receptacles for the rotatable mounting of the transverse axes can be arranged on the upper side of two mutually spaced, parallel legs on connecting webs of the carrier.

In a structurally simple embodiment of the fishing hook is designed for gripping a reaching with the first recordings coupling element.

Figur 1

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Schnellwechslers mit einer Fanghakenanordnung in einer nicht hochgeklappten Ausgangsstellung;

Figur 2

den Schnellwechsler von Figur 1 mit der Fanghakenanordnung in einer oberen Klappstellung;

Figur 3

den Schnellwechsler von Figur 1 mit einer Fanghakenanordnung in einer Explosionsdarstellung;

Figur 4

eine vergrößerte Detailansicht A von Figur 3;

Figur 5

eine vergrößerte Perspektivansicht eines Fanghakens in einer unteren Ausgangsstellung;

Figur 6

eine vergrößerte Seitenansicht eines Fanghakens in einer unteren Ausgangsstellung;

Figur 7

eine vergrößerte Perspektivansicht eines Fanghakens in einer Klappstellung;

Figur 8

eine vergrößerte Seitenansicht eines Fanghakens in einer Klappstellung;

Figur 9

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Schnellwechslers mit einer Fanghakenanordnung in einer Explosionsdarstellung;

Figur 10

eine vergrößerte Detailansicht eines Fanghakens der Fanghakenanordnung von Figur 9 in einer nicht verschwenkten Ausgangsstellung und

Figur 11

eine vergrößerte Detailansicht des Fanghakens von Figur 10 in einer Klappstellung;

Figur 12

ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Schnellwechslers mit einer Fanghakenanordnung;

Figur 13

eine Detailansicht eines Fanghakens der Fanghakenanordnung von Figur 12 in einer Klappstellung;

Figur 14

einen Fanghaken von Figur 13 in einer Explosionsdarstellung und

Figur 15

eine Aufnahme für den Fanghaken von Figur 14 in einer Detailansicht.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1

a first embodiment of a quick coupler with a catch hook arrangement in a non-folded up starting position;

FIG. 2

the quick coupler from FIG. 1 with the catch hook arrangement in an upper folded position;

FIG. 3

the quick coupler from FIG. 1 with a catch hook arrangement in an exploded view;

FIG. 4

an enlarged detail view A of FIG. 3 ;

FIG. 5

an enlarged perspective view of a fishing hook in a lower starting position;

FIG. 6

an enlarged side view of a fishing hook in a lower starting position;

FIG. 7

an enlarged perspective view of a fishing hook in a folded position;

FIG. 8

an enlarged side view of a fishing hook in a folded position;

FIG. 9

A second embodiment of a quick coupler with a fishing hook assembly in an exploded view;

FIG. 10

an enlarged detail view of a fishing hook of the fishing hook assembly of FIG. 9 in a non-pivoted initial position and

FIG. 11

an enlarged detail view of the catch hook of FIG. 10 in a folded position;

FIG. 12

a third embodiment of a quick coupler with a fishing hook assembly;

FIG. 13

a detailed view of a fishing hook of the fishing hook assembly of FIG. 12 in a folded position;

FIG. 14

a catch hook of FIG. 13 in an exploded view and

FIG. 15

a recording for the fishing hook of FIG. 14 in a detailed view.

In FIG. 1 is a quick coupler 1 for easy and convenient change of different attachments to construction equipment, especially excavators shown. With a Such quick couplers can be easily and conveniently coupled or uncoupled from a cab to a boom or other attachment of an excavator or other construction vehicle such as swing buckets, grippers, shears, magnets, compressors, hydraulic breakers or other mechanical or hydraulic attachments.

The quick coupler 1 shown contains a designed as a welding or casting support 2, the first open at one side first receptacles 3 for receiving and holding a first bolt-shaped coupling element and on the other side downwardly open second receptacles 4 for receiving a second bolt-shaped coupling element contains. The open to the first images 3 are designed claw or fork. The downwardly open receptacles 4 have a curved lower contact surface 5 for abutment of the second bolt-shaped coupling element. The carrier 2 contains a locking device, which in the embodiments described in more detail below consists of bolt-shaped locking elements, not shown here, which can be moved between a retracted release position and an extended locking position. The bolt-shaped locking elements are guided axially displaceably in horizontal guide bores within the carrier 2 and can be moved hydraulically between the retracted release position and the extended locking position via a piston. In the extended locking position, the downwardly open second receptacles 4 are closed by the support elements 2 displaceably arranged in the bottom of the support 2, so that the second bolt-shaped coupling element is engaged by the locking element.

In the embodiment shown, the carrier 2 comprises on one side two claw-shaped first receptacles 3 for a first coupling element and on the other side two receptacles 4 for a second coupling element. On two arranged at the top of the support 2 parallel side panels 6 also continuous receiving openings 7 are provided for fastening bolts, not shown for attaching the quick coupler 1 to a boom of an excavator or a connection part of another construction vehicle.

To couple with the aid of the quick coupler 1 an attachment, which is usually arranged on a boom of an excavator quick coupler 1 is first moved so that, for example, an adapter or attached to the attachment first coupling element in the claw-shaped receptacles 3 on one side of the Quick coupler 1 is retracted.

Then the quick coupler 1 is pivoted with the locking pin still retracted to the first bolt-shaped coupling element so that a second coupling element on the adapter or attachment to rest against the contact surfaces 5 of the downwardly open receptacles 4 on the other side of the quick coupler 1 passes. Subsequently, in the guide holes in the carrier 2 of the quick coupler 1 slidably disposed locking bolt can be hydraulically extended, so that the second bolt-shaped coupling element engages under the two locking bolts on the quick coupler 2 and the attachment is thus held on the quick coupler 1.

In order to prevent an attachment coupled to the quick coupler 1 from disengaging from the quick coupler in the event of an inadvertent release movement of the locking element due to incorrect operation or malfunctions, and then possibly falling down in a raised position of the quick coupler, an in FIG. 1 shown additionally catcher 8 is provided. The catching device 8 is designed for grasping the coupling element arranged on an adapter or attachment and engaging with the first receptacles 3. The catching device 8 is designed such that an attachment is caught in an unintentional release from the coupling position by engagement of the coupling element on the catch hook arrangement in a catching position and thereby held on the quick coupler.

In the embodiment shown, the catching device 8 comprises two separate catch hooks 9, which are not rigidly arranged on the carrier 2 of the quick coupler 1, but are connected via a kind of hinge about a transverse axis 10 pivotally connected to the carrier 1. The two catch hooks 9 are designed such that they engage around an example bolt-shaped coupling element on an attachment and the attachment in case of unintentional release of the quick coupler 1 by engaging the coupling element to the fishing hook 9 in a catching position. Due to the pivotal arrangement, the fishing hooks 9 between a in FIG. 1 shown lower starting position and a in FIG. 2 move shown upper folding position.

Like from the FIGS. 3 and 4 it can be seen, the carrier 2 has forwardly projecting connecting webs 11 with a continuous transverse bore 12 for connecting the fishing hooks 9. The on the support 2 below the first receptacles 3 forwardly protruding connecting webs 11 protrude into a gap 13 between two rearwardly projecting In the two legs 14 of the fishing hook 9 are aligned receiving bores 15 which are coaxial with the transverse bore 12 in the connecting web 11 in the mounted position of the fishing hook 9. In the transverse bore 12 of the connecting web 11, the horizontal transverse axis 10 is inserted and secured by a pin 16 against falling out and rotation.

Out FIG. 4 shows that the transverse axis 10 has at its two ends two storage areas 17 with a reduced diameter. The transverse axis 10 is mounted in the connecting web 11 in such a way that the two slender bearing areas 17 protrude with respect to the connecting web 11 on both sides. On the two laterally projecting bearing portions 17 of the transverse axis 10 of the fishing hooks 9 is rotatably supported by two bushings 18.

For mounting the fishing hooks 9, these are first placed on the associated connecting web 11 of the carrier 2 that the receiving holes 15 are aligned with the transverse bore 12. Then, the transverse axis 10 is inserted into the transverse bore 12 such that the two end bearing areas 17 of the transverse axis 10 project uniformly on both sides of the connecting web 11. Subsequently, the transverse axis 10 is fixed in this position relative to the connecting web 11 by means of the pin 16. For this purpose, the transverse axis 10 in the middle of a FIG. 4 recognizable transverse bore 19 for receiving the pin 16. Finally, then the two bushings 18 can be plugged onto the two bearing portions 17 of the transverse axis 10 and pressed into the receiving holes 15 in the legs 14 of the fishing hook 9.

By pivoting or folding arrangement, the fishing hooks 9 between a in the FIGS. 5 and 6 shown starting position and one in the FIGS. 7 and 8 move shown folding position. For example, if an operator when handling the quick coupler 1 with the fishing hook 9 abuts an obstacle or the fishing hooks 9 used in an unauthorized manner to support the excavator on the ground for turning or repositioning, the fishing hooks 9 can fold, so that the connection to the carrier 2 not so heavily loaded and the carrier is therefore as little as possible affected. In case of damage to the fishing hook 9 this can also be easily replaced if necessary.

Like from the FIGS. 5 to 8 As can be seen, the catch hooks 9 on the carrier 2 facing the rear ends of the legs 14, an upper rounding 19 and a rear abutment surface 20 for engagement with a front abutment surface 21 of the carrier 2. In the lower starting position of the fishing hook 9 is located with its rear abutment surfaces 20 against the stop surface 21 of the carrier 2, so that the fishing hook 9 is held in this fishing position. With a corresponding load from below, the catch hook 9 can rotate around the transverse axis 10 due to the rounding 19 and reach an upper folding position. Both in the lower starting position and in the upper folding position, the receptacles 3 are closed by the fishing hooks 9 forward, so that an attachment can be safely caught and held at an unintentional release of the lock. A reset of the fishing hooks 9 from the folding position to the starting position can be done by gravity or a return spring, not shown.

In the FIGS. 9 to 11 a second embodiment of a quick coupler 1 according to the invention with a catcher 8 is shown. Also in this embodiment, the catching device 8 comprises two separate catch hooks 9, which are not rigidly arranged but pivotally mounted on the carrier 2 of the quick coupler 1. Again, the two fishing hooks 9 are pivotally connected to connecting webs 11 of the carrier 2 about a transverse axis 10. For this purpose, the connecting webs 11 have a transverse bore 12 and the catch hooks 9 corresponding receiving bores 15 for receiving the transverse axis 10.

The fishing hooks 9 have on their back to the carrier 2 facing a in the FIGS. 10 and 11 recognizable recess 22 with an upper and lower inner surface 23 and 24. The recess 22 in fishing hooks 2 has a slightly greater height than the block-shaped connecting web 11, so that between the connecting web 11 and the upper and lower inner surface 23 and 24 of the Recess 22 an upper and lower gap 25 and 26 consists. In the upper and lower gap 25 and 26, a damping element 27 made of rubber or other elastic material is used in each case. Also in this embodiment, the fishing hook 9 can be pivoted relative to the carrier 2. However, here the pivoting or folding movement is limited by the size of the gap 25 or 26 and the flexibility of the damping element 27. In contrast to the first embodiment, however, the catch hooks 9 can move not only upwards but also downwards without deformation of the catch hook. The fishing hooks 9 are thus articulated upwards and downwards yielding to the carrier 2.

In the FIGS. 12 to 15 a third embodiment of a quick coupler 1 according to the invention with a catcher 8 is shown. Also in this embodiment, the catching device 8 comprises two separate catch hooks 9, which are not rigidly arranged but pivotally mounted on the carrier 2 of the quick coupler 1. The two fishing hooks 9 are also hinged here to connecting webs 11 of the carrier 2 about transverse axes 10 pivotally. In this embodiment, however, the transverse axes 10 are not separate bolts or pins which are inserted into corresponding transverse and mounting holes, but integrally with the fishing hooks 9 running trunnions through which the fishing hooks 9 inserted in half-shell-shaped receptacles 28 on the connecting webs 11 and from below are held by a counterpart 29.

How out FIG. 14 it can be seen, the two formed as a journal, laterally projecting transverse axes 10 are formed by lateral cutouts 30 on the fishing hooks 9. The fishing hook contains on its underside a web 31 with transverse bores 32 for two heavy-duty pins 33 and 34, by which the counterpart 29 is attached to the mounting of the catch hook 9 on the connecting web 11. By the counterpart 29 prevents the catch hook 9 can slide out with its transverse axes 10 from the bearing cup-shaped receptacles 28 upwards.

In FIG. 15 It can be seen that the connection webs 11 at the in FIG. 12 shown execution two spaced apart, parallel legs 35 have. On the upper side of the two legs 35, which are separated from one another by a gap 36, the half-shell-shaped receptacles 28 are arranged for the rotatable mounting of the transverse axes 10. In the receptacles 28 a projecting into the space 36 fishing hook 9 is inserted with its two laterally projecting transverse axes 10 and secured by the counterpart 29.

Also in the in the FIGS. 12 to 15 shown embodiment can be caught by the fishing hooks 9 an attachment at an unintentional release from the clutch position in a catching position and thereby be held securely on the quick coupler.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Quick coupler

2

carrier

3

First recording

4

Second shot

5

contact surface

6

side panel

7

receiving opening

8th

catcher

9

hook

10

transverse axis

11

connecting web

12

cross hole

13

gap

14

leg

15

location hole

16

pen

17

storage area

18

bearing bush

19

curve

20

contact surface

21

stop surface

22

recess

23

Upper inner surface

24

Lower inner surface

25

Upper cleft

26

Lower gap

27

damping element

28

admission

29

counterpart

30

Abfräsung

31

web

32

cross hole

33

Roll pin

34

Roll pin

35

leg

36

gap

Claims (14)

Quick-change device (1) for changing attachments on a construction machine, comprising a carrier (2), on one side of the carrier (2) arranged first receptacles (3) for receiving a first coupling element, on the other side of the carrier (2) second Receivers (4) for receiving a second coupling element and on the carrier (2) arranged catching device (8) for collecting the attachment includes, characterized in that the catching device (8) at least one on the carrier (2) pivotally mounted fishing hooks (9) , Quick coupler (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the catching device (8) has two catch hooks (11) pivotally arranged on the first receptacles (3) of the carrier (2). Quick coupler (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the catch hook (9) on a connecting web (11) of the carrier (2) about a transverse axis (10) is pivotally mounted. Quick coupler (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the connecting web (11) includes a transverse bore (12) and the catch hook (9) receiving bores (15) for receiving the transverse axis (10). Quick coupler (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the catch hook (9) on the transverse axis (10) via bearing bushes (18) is rotatably mounted. Quick coupler (1) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the transverse axis (10) by a pin (16) relative to the support (2) is secured against falling out and twisting. Quick coupler (1) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the connecting web (11) in an intermediate space (13) between two rearwardly projecting legs (14) of the fishing hook (9) protrudes. Quick coupler (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that the catch hook (9) on the carrier (2) facing ends of the legs (14) has an upper rounding (19) and a rear abutment surface (20) for abutment against a front abutment surface (21) of the carrier (2). Quick coupler (1) according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the connecting web (11) in a provided with an upper inner surface (23) and a lower inner surface (24) recess (22) on the back of the fishing hook (9) protrudes. Quick coupler (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that between the connecting web (11) and the upper or lower inner surface (23, 24) of the recess (22) an upper and lower gap (25, 26). Quick coupler (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that in the upper and lower gap (25, 26) a damping element (27) is inserted. Quick coupler (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the transverse axes (10) integral with the fishing hooks (9) bearing journals are over which the fishing hook (9) in half-shell-shaped receptacles (28) on the support (2) and inserted from held down by a counterpart (29). Quick coupler (1) according to claim 12, characterized in that the half-shell-shaped receptacles (28) for rotatably supporting the transverse axes (10) on the top of two spaced, parallel legs (35) are arranged on connection webs (11) of the carrier (2) , Quick-change device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the at least one catch hook (9) is designed for gripping a coupling element which engages with the first receptacles (3).

Images