EP3530544A1 - Deformation device with climbing protection for rail vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

Deformation device (1) for movable or fixed support structures (T) of rail vehicles, for absorbing forces in the event of a collision with a collision object, in particular with another rail vehicle, comprising a damping device (2) for impacts with: a first and a second buffer element (3, 4) for absorbing compressive forces in the event of a collision, - the first and second buffer elements (3, 4) being connected one behind the other in the direction of travel (R) of the rail vehicle, the deformation device (1) being attachable to the support structure (T) on the vehicle side is, characterized in that a climbing protection device (8) is provided which is designed to make it more difficult in the event of a collision that the rail vehicle and / or the collision object is lifted and / or the rail vehicle is pushed over the collision object or vice versa, the anti-climbing device ( 8) attached to the damping device (2) and / or abge is based.

Description

The invention relates to a deformation device according to the preamble of claim 1, a deformation system according to the preamble of claim 14, as well as a rail vehicle according to the preamble of claim 15.

Numerous deformation devices, such as crash buffers for rail vehicles, are known from the prior art, which absorb part of the kinetic energy in a collision, in particular they are to be consumed, for example from the EP 1 305 199 B1 , The sleeve buffer comprises elastic or partially elastic elements, which initially deform in the event of an impact and then return to their previous shape and release at least part of the absorbed energy. In addition, there are parts in this crash buffer that can deform plastically, so that the kinetic energy is converted into deformation work in the crash and consumed in this way. Furthermore, so-called anti-climbing protection devices are known from the prior art with which it is to be prevented that in a collision individual cars or car bodies are pushed one above the other. This climbing usually requires a sometimes life-threatening situation for the occupants of the car or car bodies, especially since they can be compressed from above. The climbing protection usually includes a plate-like structure of horizontally extending grooves and is usually mounted on both sides of the coupling of the car. Collide carriages, in particular of the same type with each other, also encounter these anti-climbing structures against each other, so that the grooves wedged together. An evasive movement of the car (climbing up) is thus made difficult or prevented.

The object of the invention is to be able to provide a deformation device or a deformation system for rail vehicles, which offers increased safety.

The problem is solved, starting from a deformation device of the type mentioned, by the characterizing features of claims 1, 14 and 15.

The measures mentioned in the dependent claims advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention are possible.

The deformation device according to the invention is to be attached to a support structure which is movably or firmly attached to a rail vehicle in order to absorb the forces occurring in the event of a collision and to consume at least part of the energy. Accordingly, the deformation device comprises a damping device with at least two buffer elements for reversible and / or irreversible recording of compressive forces in the crash, which are connected in series (in the direction of travel of the rail vehicle). In order to provide an increased level of security, the anti-climbing device is attached or supported on the damping device. A climbing protection device is intended to reduce the risk that in a collision of the rail vehicle with a collision object, usually two cars collide with each other, one of them is pushed over the other.

By this measure, the anti-climbing device is locally supported, namely on the damping device, and the power flow is directed at collision in the damping device and then bundled in the direction of supporting structure.

If it is known, as known from the prior art, in the anti-climb protection, for example, on plates attached to the support structure, the effect of the anti-climb protection in this case only comes into force when the colliding carriage hits the support structure directly and any Crash buffer has already been completely deformed; Sometimes even conventional anti-climbing devices are known from the prior art, which are arranged only behind the lining of the support structure. In contrast to these conventional anti-climbing devices of the prior art, the force flow can thus be introduced according to the invention in a targeted manner in a corresponding region of the support structure, which is for example specially stabilized for this purpose.

Climbing up, if not prevented, usually takes place when the supporting structures of the colliding wagons collide directly with each other. However, if the anti-climbing device is arranged on the damping device, ie at a certain distance in front of the supporting structure, it is possible that the anti-buckling anti-buckling devices will become wedged and the colliding carriage will initially be carried along for a while before climbing up in case of direct collision of the supporting structures can. In During this time, additional energy is consumed on this parallel ride.

Overall, the present invention allows less collateral damage occur because the colliding cars already early interlock with respect to vertically acting forces while at the same time already kinetic energy is used up, especially since the anti-climbing devices are supported on the damping device or attached thereto.

The anti-climbing device can basically have different shapes. It may, for example, run L-shaped, wherein one of the legs is aligned substantially parallel to the direction of travel and one of the legs makes the connection to the damping device. The included by the two legs of the L-shape angle may preferably be greater than 90 °, so that the largest possible component of the power flow can be introduced into the damping device.

Depending on the embodiment, the anti-climbing device may project beyond a part of the damping device on the side facing away from the supporting structure. As soon as during a collision the anti-climbing device comes into contact with a part of the colliding carriage (in particular with the anti-climb device of the colliding carriage), the force acting in the direction of travel is introduced into the damping device, at the point where the anti-climb device on the damping device supported or attached to it.

Regardless of whether the anti-climbing device is fastened or supported over a certain area or at several points, it is particularly advantageous in one embodiment of the invention for the anti-climb protection device not to be fastened or supported directly on the vehicle-side end of the deformation device. Likewise, in such an embodiment of the invention, the anti-climb protection device is not directly in contact with the support structure. In this way, in these embodiments of the invention, the force flow is always directed via the deformation device or the damping device in the direction of the supporting structure. The damping device is designed to buffer part of the pressure force or, if possible, also the complete pressure force in the event of a collision. Depending on the force with which the impact occurs, it can not always be prevented in principle that the supporting structure of the rail vehicle is also deformed and thus damaged.

• zum einen ein Teil der Energie beim Crash durch die Deformationsvorrichtung aufgebraucht bzw. verzehrt werden kann, und
• zum anderen der Kraftfluss möglichst definiert aufgenommen bzw. konzentriert über die Dämpfungseinrichtung weitergeleitet werden kann, sodass die Folgen des Crashs bzw. die mechanischen Wirkungen und die damit verbundenen Schäden am Fahrzeug möglichst vorhersehbar sind und möglichst gering ausfallen können.

Nevertheless, the deformation device in the present invention or embodiments of the invention, especially characterized by the fact that:

• on the one hand a part of the energy can be consumed or consumed in the crash by the deformation device, and
• on the other hand, the power flow as defined as possible recorded or concentrated can be forwarded via the damping device, so that the consequences of the crash or the mechanical effects and the associated damage to the vehicle are as predictable as possible and can be as low as possible.

In one embodiment of the invention, the anti-climb protection device may be directly attached or supported above all at the first or second buffer element, thereby allowing a longer parallel ride-along when the anti-climb protection device is further spaced from the support structure; in other words, the anti-climbing device, which is in contact with the colliding carriage, is still carried in the deformation of the damping device, in which energy is consumed. Furthermore, a more stable guidance can be made possible if the anti-climbing device is fastened or supported closer to the support structure.

In addition, the anti-climbing device can be fastened or supported in one embodiment variant between the first and second buffer element. By this measure, in turn, not only an optimization of the aforementioned advantages can be achieved because on the one hand energy is consumed via the damping device when the anti-climbing device is supported on this and on the other hand, a stable leadership is possible. Especially when the first and second buffer element are constructed differently, the force flow, which is transmitted via the anti-climb protection device, is introduced into one of the two buffer elements in a targeted manner. This buffer element, into which the force flow is introduced by the anti-climb protection device, can be designed, for example, for irreversible energy consumption, for instance by plastic deformation. Thus, when the anti-climb protection device hooks up with the colliding car, the energy transferred via the anti-climb protection device can be at least partially used up early, ie, even more targeted energy from a collision occurs possible Aufklettervorgang consumed. The danger of climbing up can be additionally reduced.

If, in one exemplary embodiment, the anti-climbing protection device in turn is attached or supported between the two buffer elements, then an end plate or a cover can be provided between the two buffer elements for this purpose. This cover or end plate can receive the power flow targeted and forward as evenly distributed to the force behind the underlying buffer element, so that a controlled as possible, uniform deformation can take place. The size of the surface of the cover or end plate can reduce the pressure. A higher stability can be additionally achieved. Above all, the power flow can be guided as parallel as possible to the direction of travel.

Accordingly, depending on the embodiment variant of the invention, the buffer elements can be connected to one another or, if the anti-climb protection device is mounted therebetween, via the anti-climb protection device. The anti-climbing device may for example be connected to or supported on an outer sleeve of a buffer element so that the power flow is more likely to be introduced into the sleeve. If, however, further energy dissipation elements or the like are arranged within such a sleeve of a buffer element, then it may be advantageous to introduce the force flow also here. If the sleeve is designed, for example, to consume the energy by plastic deformation, the anti-climbing protection device can in principle also be supported on the sleeve so that the energy transmitted through it is consumed in this way.

In the interior of the damping device, for example, an elastic structure can then be arranged in order to elastically buffer, for example, the first buffer element, which is supported on the side facing away from the support structure. Such embodiments of the invention show how manifold the power flow is directed and what possibilities are offered to absorb energy reversibly or irreversibly.

• Das Pufferelement weist eine Hohlstruktur auf, welche sich vorzugsweise dazu eignet, ein Deformationsgehäuse zur Aufnahme von Kräften durch eine plastische Verformung bereitzustellen. Die Hohlstruktur bietet grundsätzlich einen hohen Widerstand bei der Verformung, d.h. durch sie kann beim Crash besonders viel kinetische Energie in Verformungsarbeit umgewandelt werden. Sie besitzt also eine gute Pufferwirkung. Dadurch, dass die Struktur einen Hohlraum ausbildet, ist somit auch Platz für das bei der Verformung verdrängte Material vorhanden, sodass der Kraftfluss zum großen Teil auch zu einer Verformung eingesetzt werden und nicht einfach weitergegeben wird.
• Eine Zusatzhohlstruktur in Form eines Rohres kann aber auch als Drehmomentstütze genutzt werden, da eine solche Struktur auch ein relativ hohes Biegemoment aufweist und somit in Querrichtung, senkrecht zur Fahrtrichtung, stabilisierend wirkt. Darüber hinaus bietet der Hohlraum in der Mitte auch die Möglichkeit, als Durchtauchraum zum gerichteten Leiten eines Pufferelements bzw. eines Teil eines Pufferelements beim Zusammenstoß zu wirken.

In the development of the invention, one of the buffer elements, in particular the second buffer element, which allows an irreversible energy absorption, be formed as follows:

• The buffer element has a hollow structure, which is preferably suitable for providing a deformation housing for receiving forces by plastic deformation. The hollow structure basically offers a high resistance in the deformation, ie it can be converted into deformation work in the crash particularly much kinetic energy. So it has a good buffering effect. The fact that the structure forms a cavity, thus space for the displaced in the deformation material is present, so that the flow of force are also used to a large extent to a deformation and not easily passed.
• However, an additional hollow structure in the form of a tube can also be used as a torque support, since such a structure also has a relatively high bending moment and thus stabilizing in the transverse direction, perpendicular to the direction of travel. In addition, the cavity in the middle also offers the possibility to be used as a penetration space for directed to act a buffer element or a part of a buffer element in the collision.

Overall, these embodiments offer the possibility that on the one hand as much energy is converted by plastic deformation in the crash, on the other hand, that the power flow and the freedom of movement of parts of the deformation device can be selectively directed so that in case of a collision of the mechanical process at least in most cases can be predicted as possible.

If the anti-climb protection device of one of the buffer elements, in particular the first buffer element, which is arranged on the side facing away from the support structure, projects at least partially, then it is made possible for the cars colliding with one another to catch as early as possible and the corresponding force flow to be forwarded in a targeted manner as early as possible.

In order to enable the hooking of the anti-climbing devices in the event of a crash, in particular horizontally arranged ribs can be provided. By a horizontal arrangement, a vertical component of a force effect is reduced as possible. These structures for hooking are arranged in particular on a contact surface. The connection or mechanical coupling to the damping device via a supporting device. This can, for example, as described above, be L-shaped to receive the force parallel to the direction of travel and to initiate the flow of force in the laterally offset to the contact surface damping device. In an advantageous manner, in the event of a collision of the colliding car, the force will thus also be transmitted over a wider area of action by means of damping means and Aufkletterschutzvorrichtung is formed together, added, so that overall the pressure during collision can be reduced.

If the anti-climbing device is arranged in the direction of travel so that the first buffer element initially absorbs the shock in a collision, and then the anti-climbing device (staggered absorption of the force) is offset in time, the buffer effect can also be improved in an advantageous manner.

In principle, it is conceivable that the anti-climbing devices seen in the direction of travel is mounted or crashed parallel to one of the buffer elements, in particular the second buffer element. In addition, in this regard, a serial arrangement is possible. The choice of which embodiment is to be used for this depends on whether the buffer effect of the second buffer element for this purpose should be used completely or possibly only partially. If this buffer effect is to be fully utilized, a serial arrangement is generally recommended, so that the power flow can be initiated as completely as possible via a buffer element in the downstream buffer element. In a parallel arrangement, the pressure is generally distributed over the elements arranged in this way.

Advantageously, in one embodiment of the invention, the attachment or support on the damping device or on one of the buffer elements take place so that the introduced power flow is concentrated. Through this introduction into the damping device but also makes it possible that the power flow is directed in his direction as parallel as possible to the direction of travel. Cross to Direction of travel acting components can optionally be redirected or suppressed by this measure. In an advantageous manner, structures acting in particular as torque support structures may be included in the damping device for this purpose.

The deformation devices are usually arranged on one side of the carriage on both sides of the coupling. Advantageously, these two deformation devices together form a deformation system. In the direction of travel, they are thus connected in parallel. In addition, the deformation devices forming a deformation system together can be mechanically coupled to one another in order to present an even more stable structure, in particular in order thereby additionally to be able to form a type of torque support. Furthermore, if the two deformation devices of the deformation system correspond to one another, corresponding buffer elements arranged in parallel with one another can also be mechanically coupled to one another. For this purpose, it is sufficient that these buffer elements are connected together. In a particularly advantageous manner, a common termination boundary of the second (supporting structure side arranged) buffer elements, which is respectively provided between the first and the second buffer element, are used to couple the two deformation devices together. This common termination boundary thus connects both deformation devices with each other. Just when in a collision, lateral force components acting transversely to the direction of travel occur, this deformation system can additionally act as a torque support, wherein the total force flow is concentrated and, distributed to both deformation devices parallel to the direction of travel, forwarded. This will be the Force flow is purposefully routed and usually controllable, so that safety can be increased.

embodiments

Figur 1:

eine Deformationsvorrichtung gemäß der Erfindung, sowie

Figur 2:

ein Deformationssystem gem. der Erfindung.

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and are explained in more detail below, giving further details and advantages. In detail show:

FIG. 1:

a deformation device according to the invention, as well

FIG. 2:

a deformation system acc. the invention.

FIG. 1 shows a deformation device 1 with a damping device 2, which in turn has two buffer elements 3, 4 connected in series. The first buffer element 3 is further spaced from a support structure T with respect to the second buffer element 4. The first buffer element 3 thus comes in a crash first in contact with the colliding carriage, more precisely: The punch 5 as part of the first buffer element 3 comes in a crash at first with the colliding carriage in contact. In the present case, the first buffer element 3 is formed as a sleeve buffer. It thus comprises two elements 5, 6, wherein the sleeve 6 has a larger diameter than the punch 5, so that the punch 5 can be inserted into the sleeve 6. The punch 5 is crashed relative to the sleeve 6 by an elastic element arranged in the interior, so that basically a reversible (at least partially elastic) force absorption can take place.

• Zum einen dient das zweite Pufferelement 4 demzufolge als Drehmomentstütze, da ein Rohr ein vergleichsweise großes Biegemoment besitzt.
• Zum anderen dient der Hohlraum, den das Rohr ausbildet, als Durchtauchraum zum Durchtauchen des ersten Pufferelements 3 bzw. eines Teils des ersten Pufferelements 3.

The second, downstream buffer element 4 has a plastically deformable structure, ie the second buffer element 4 is used for irreversible energy intake. It may be formed, for example, as a pipe or have a pipe, so that in this way 2 additional functions can be fulfilled in an advantageous manner:

• On the one hand, the second buffer element 4 consequently serves as a torque support, since a pipe has a comparatively large bending moment.
• On the other hand, the cavity formed by the pipe serves as a penetration space for dipping through the first buffer element 3 or a part of the first buffer element 3.

Between the first buffer element 3 and the second buffer element 4, a termination limit 7 is arranged in the form of a plate. This may be formed, for example, with a predetermined breaking point, so that in the case when the force is too high in a collision, this predetermined breaking point is pierced when the elastic first buffer element 3 already taken as much as possible, but not the entire energy of the shock Has. The tube of the second buffer element 4 therefore also has a larger diameter, the first buffer element third

The second buffer element 4 can in turn be connected to the support structure T. Between the first buffer element 3 and the second buffer element 4, the anti-climbing device 8 is supported. This comprises a contact surface 9 with a horizontally extending groove structure and a supporting device 10 which is L-shaped and forwards a power flow in such a way that it is introduced into the second buffer element 4 as parallel as possible to the direction of travel. The Aufkletterschutzvorrichtung 8 and the support device 10 are L-shaped, but the support device 10 forms an angle of 27 ° with a vertical to the direction of travel R.

The Aufkletterschutzvorrichtung 8 projects beyond a portion of the first buffer element 3, and as far as, as in the direction of travel R, the sleeve 6 extends. In general, therefore, it will come in a collision to a contact with the contact surface 9 of the anti-climb device 8 when the punch 5 of the first buffer member 3 is completely (elastically) pressed into the sleeve 6 and the elastic element located therein has completely depressed.

Advantageously, this embodiment allows that in a collision of the force introduced via the Aufkletterschutzvorrichtung 8 concentrated and forwarded as parallel to the direction of travel, this power flow but also to a buffer element, namely the second buffer element 4 is passed, so that irreversible energy consumption a plastic deformation comes about. The danger of climbing up can thus be reduced by additional energy consumption. Overall, this allows a higher degree of safety, and in most cases, the deformation during the collision can be directed more targeted in a particular direction.

The deformation device 1 is fastened to the support structure T via the fastening device B.

A deformation system 11 is shown in FIG FIG. 2 shown. Again, in the two, in the direction of travel R mutually parallel deformation devices 1 are two Buffer elements 3, 4 connected in series. The Aufkletterschutzvorrichtungen 8 are supported between the first and second buffer element 3, 4. The likewise arranged in this area end plate 7 of the second buffer elements 4 is common to both buffer elements 4 and spans the gap between the two deformation devices 1. In this way, the torque stiffness is increased, so that transverse forces perpendicular to the direction of travel (R) can be better absorbed and buffered.

All embodiments and further developments of the invention have in common that a Aufkletterschutzvorrichtung is provided to complicate the collision that the rail vehicle or the collision object is raised or the rail vehicle is pushed over the Kollisionsobjekt or vice versa, wherein the anti-climbing device attached to the damping device or is supported.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

deformation device

2

attenuator

3

first buffer element

4

second buffer element

5

stamp

6

shell

7

final limit

8th

Aufkletterschutzvorrichtung

9

contact area

10

Support device

11

deformation system

B

fastening device

R

direction of travel

T

supporting structure

Claims (15)

Deformation device (1) for movable or fixed support structures (T) of rail vehicles, for absorbing forces in the event of a collision with a collision object, in particular with another rail vehicle, comprising a damping device (2) for impacts with: a first and a second buffer element (3, 4) for absorbing compressive forces during collision, - Wherein the first and the second buffer element (3, 4) in the direction of travel (R) of the rail vehicle are connected in series, - wherein the deformation device (1) on the vehicle side to the support structure (T) can be fastened, characterized in that
a Aufkletterschutzvorrichtung (8) is provided which is adapted to complicate the collision that the rail vehicle and / or the collision object is raised and / or the rail vehicle on the collision object or vice versa pushed, the anti-climb device (8) on the damping device ( 2) is attached and / or supported. Deformation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anti-climb protection device (8) is not fastened and / or supported directly on the vehicle-side end of the deformation device (1) and / or that the anti-climb protection device (8) is attached to the damping device (2 ) is fastened and / or supported such that, when attached to the support structure (T) the anti-climbing device (8) does not come into direct contact with the supporting structure (T). Deformation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and / or the second buffer element (3,4): - A buffer for the reversible absorption of energy, in particular at least one receiving element for at least partially, in particular completely elastic deformation, and / or - An energy-absorbing element for irreversible absorption of energy, comprises / include, wherein preferably the first buffer element (3) has a buffer for reversibly receiving energy and the second buffer element (4) an energy-absorbing element for irreversible absorption of energy. Deformation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anti-climbing protection device (8): - Is attached to the first buffer element and / or on the second buffer element and / or supported and / or - Is fixed and / or supported between the first and second buffer element (3, 4). Deformation device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second buffer element (4) has a limit stop, in particular a cover and / or an end plate (7), to which the anti-climb protection device (8) is attached and / or to which the anti-climb protection device (8) is supported, wherein preferably the end limit of the support structure (T) opposite side is arranged. Deformation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first buffer elements (3) on the second buffer element (4) and / or on the anti-climbing protection device (8) is attached. Deformation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and / or second buffer element (4): - Has / have a hollow structure, in particular as a deformation housing for receiving forces by plastic deformation is formed and / or - An additional hollow structure, in particular a tube, as a torque arm and / or as a penetration space for directionally conducting one of the buffer elements, in particular of the first buffer element (3) and / or a part of the first buffer element (3) during collision. Deformation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and / or the second buffer element (3, 4) is / are designed to, up to a certain force and / or up to a certain impulse during collision, the receiving element or elastically deforming at least one of the receiving elements and plastically deforming the receiving element or at least one of the receiving elements at higher force and / or at a higher pulse. Deformation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anti-climbing protection device (8) has at least one has horizontally disposed rib to allow wedging with a structure, in particular a Aufkletterschutzvorrichtung the collision object and thus to complicate the lifting of the rail vehicle and / or the collision object. Deformation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anti-climbing protection device (8) at least partially projects beyond at least one of the buffer elements, in particular the first buffer element (3) in the direction of travel (R). Deformation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the anti-climbing device (8) has a contact surface (9) for receiving the contact with the collision object during collision and a supporting device (10), wherein the supporting device (10) with the second Buffer element (4) is connected, in particular on the second buffer element (4) attached and / or on the second buffer element (4) is supported, and wherein the contact surface (9) has at least one horizontally angeorndete rib to a wedging with a structure, in particular a To enable anti-climbing device of the collision object and thus to complicate the lifting of the rail vehicle and / or the Kollsionsobjekts. Deformation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first buffer element (3) and the anti-climbing device (8) are fastened and / or supported in parallel and / or in series in the direction of travel (R) on the second buffer element (4) are. Deformation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first buffer element (3) and the anti-climbing device (8) are fixed and / or supported on the second buffer element (4) in such a way that during collision, in particular during collision parallel to the direction of travel (R), in the first buffer element (3) and the Aufkletterschutzvorrichtung (8) initiated power flow in the second buffer element (4), in particular parallel to the direction of travel (R) and in particular concentrated. Deformation system (11) with at least two deformation devices (1) according to one of the preceding claims, which are connected parallel to the direction of travel (R), wherein in particular the second buffer elements (4) of the deformation devices (1) are interconnected, preferably on the support structure (FIG. T) facing away from the second buffer elements (4) common termination (7), in particular a cover and / or a cover plate. Rail vehicle with at least one deformation device (1) according to one of the preceding claims and / or a deformation system (11) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one deformation device (1) and / or the at least one deformation system (11) directly a support structure (T), in particular on the chassis of the rail vehicle and / or on a buffer pile of the rail vehicle is mounted / are.

Images