Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
  • C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
  • C01B3/508—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by selective and reversible uptake by an appropriate medium, i.e. the uptake being based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
  • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
  • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
  • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
  • C10K3/008—Reducing the tar content by cracking
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
  • C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/007—Screw type gasifiers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10J3/72—Other features
  • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
  • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
  • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
  • C10K1/02—Dust removal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
  • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
  • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
  • B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
  • C01B2203/0272—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a non-catalytic decomposition step
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/042—Purification by adsorption on solids
  • C01B2203/043—Regenerative adsorption process in two or more beds, one for adsorption, the other for regeneration
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
  • C01B2203/047—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon monoxide
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
  • C01B2203/0475—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon dioxide
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
  • C01B2203/048—Composition of the impurity the impurity being an organic compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
  • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
  • C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
  • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
  • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
  • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
  • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
  • C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
  • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
  • C10K1/02—Dust removal
  • C10K1/024—Dust removal by filtration
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
  • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
  • C10K1/02—Dust removal
  • C10K1/026—Dust removal by centrifugal forces

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for producing a dihydrogen gas, that is to say a gas having as its main object a device for producing dihydrogen, a process for producing dihydrogen from such a device and the use of such a device. component of hydrogen.
• the invention also relates to the use of such a device for the recovery of a product of the CSR (solid recovery compounds) or polymeric material type.
• the invention also relates to a method for producing a hydrogen gas from such a device.
• Dihydrogen is used in many fields of industry, particularly in the chemical and petrochemical industry, for example to enable the refining of hydrocarbons.
• the use of dihydrogen as a fuel is increasingly being considered and used in both the automotive and fuel cell sectors.
• dihydrogen Although there are natural dihydrogen deposits, the majority of dihydrogen used is dihydrogen manufactured industrially due to the relative difficulty of extracting and storing dihydrogen which is a very light gas.
• An object of the invention is to provide a device for generating a hydrogen gas and the use of this device for the recovery of product type material CSR or polymeric material.
• An object of the invention is also to provide a method of manufacturing a hydrogen gas from such a device.
• a device for producing a dihydrogen gas is provided by heat treatment of a product in the form of divided solids, the device comprising:
• an enclosure comprising a product feed inlet, a low recovery outlet for the residues of the treated product and a high extraction outlet for the gas resulting from the treatment of the product,
• means for conveying the product between the inlet of the enclosure and the bottom outlet of the enclosure which comprise a screw mounted to rotate in the enclosure along a geometrical axis of rotation and which comprise means for driving in rotation of the screw,
• a unit for removing impurities present in the gas said unit being connected to the upper outlet of the chamber.
• the product is introduced to the inlet of the enclosure in the form of divided solids and the screw continuously pushes the divided solids to the bottom outlet of the enclosure.
• the divided solids heat up very quickly and transform without sticking to the turn of the screw thus generating a gas which once treated by the unit presents surprisingly a strong dihydrogen content.
• the concentrated dihydrogen gas obtained by the invention therefore proves to be a very good alternative natural dihydrogen gas.
• the dihydrogen gas at the outlet of the invention is directly injectable in containers (bottles, tanks ...) or in a gas distribution network.
• the invention can be supplied with any product of any kind such as biomass but is particularly advantageous with CSR material type products (solid recovery compounds) or polymeric material such as plastic. This is particularly advantageous in an increasingly important context of waste recovery, particularly non-fermentable waste for which recovery solutions are less developed.
• hydrogen gas is intended to mean a gas having as a major component of dihydrogen it being understood that the said gas may comprise, in smaller proportions, other components such as methane.
• the device further comprises, at the outlet of the elimination unit, a system for purifying the hydrogen gas, the purification system being connected to the elimination unit.
• the device comprises an inlet chimney which is connected to the inlet of the enclosure and which comprises sealed connection means at the inlet of the enclosure so as to limit the incoming air. inside the enclosure.
• the device comprises an outlet chimney which is connected to the low output of the enclosure and which comprises sealed connection means to the low output of the enclosure so as to limit the air entering the enclosure.
• the impurity removal unit comprises means for cracking the gas.
• the impurity removal unit comprises means for filtering dust and solid particles present in the gas.
• the filtering means comprise a high temperature cyclone or a high temperature ceramic filter or an activated carbon filter.
• the purification system comprises a single purification stage.
• the purification system comprises a pressure reversal adsorption apparatus.
• an exhaust gas of the purification system is used by the elimination unit to treat the gas resulting from the treatment of the product.
• the invention relates to the use of the above-mentioned device for the recovery of a product of CSR or polymeric material type.
• the invention also relates to a method for producing a hydrogen gas from such a device comprising the steps of:
• FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device according to a particular embodiment not limiting of the invention
• FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cracking furnace of the device illustrated in FIG. 1;
• FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cracker oven according to a variant of the oven illustrated in FIG.
• the device according to a particular embodiment of the invention can produce a hydrogen gas by heat treatment, here by pyrolysis, a product in the form of divided solids.
• the product is for example formed of polymeric material.
• the product is typically plastic mainly comprising polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate.
• the divided solids are in the form of granules in three-dimensional granules or pellets. The maximum dimensions of said divided solids are preferably between 2 and 30 millimeters.
• the device according to the invention comprises an enclosure 1, of generally horizontal general direction, which is kept away from the ground by legs (not shown here).
• the enclosure 1 comprises an outer envelope, here unitary, which is for example metallic, in particular made of nonmagnetic stainless steel.
• the chamber 1 further comprises here a unitary inner envelope of refractory material.
• a technical box 3 is fixed at each end of the chamber 1.
• the chamber 1 here comprises a product supply inlet 4 of the chamber 1, inlet 4 which is arranged in the enclosure of the enclosure 1 substantially at a first end of the enclosure 1.
• the bottom and the cover of the enclosure 1 are defined relative to the ground on which the enclosure 1 rests.
• the device comprises an inlet chimney 5 which is connected to the inlet 4 of the enclosure.
• the inlet chimney 5 comprises sealed connection means 2 at the inlet 4 of the enclosure 1 so as to limit the air entering the enclosure 1, air which would reduce the hydrogen content of the gas in speaker output which is not desired.
• These sealed connection means 2 also make it possible to control the flow rate of the product poured into the enclosure 1.
• Said sealed connection means 2 comprise, for example, a hermetic lock arranged between the inlet chimney 5 and the inlet 4 of the enclosure 1 and controlled by valves.
• the inlet chimney 5 is for example connected to a feed hopper or to a crushing, compacting or granulating unit of the divided solids product or to a preconditioning unit of the divided solids, a preconditioning unit allowing heating and / or drying the divided solids to prescribed values of temperature and relative humidity or densifying said divided solids.
• the enclosure 1 furthermore comprises a low outlet € here arranged in the bottom of the enclosure 1 substantially at the level of the second of the two ends of the enclosure 1.
• the device comprises an outlet chimney 7 which is connected to the low output 6 of the enclosure 1.
• the outlet chimney 1 comprises sealed connection means 8 at the low outlet 6 of the enclosure 1 so as to limit the air entering the enclosure 1, air that would reduce the hydrogen content of the gas at the enclosure outlet 1 which is not desired.
• sealed connection means 8 also make it possible to control the evacuation rate of the residues of the heat-treated product in the enclosure 1.
• Said sealed connection means 8 comprise, for example, a hermetic lock arranged between the outlet chimney and the low outlet and controlled by valves.
• the outlet chimney 7 is for example connected to a cooling unit 9 of the residues either for the purpose of destroying the residues or for the purpose of recovering said residues which may for example be used as fuels, possibly by means of one or more stages additional treatment.
• the device comprises means for conveying the product between the inlet of the enclosure and the low output of the enclosure.
• Said means thus comprise a screw 10 which extends here in the enclosure 1 along a geometric axis X between the two technical boxes 3 and which is mounted to rotate around said geometric axis X in the enclosure 1.
• the screw 10 is example in refractory stainless steel.
• the screw 10 is thus resistant to high temperatures typically between 700 and 1200 degrees.
• the screw 10 here has a helical coil shape which is fixed, for example by welding, at its two ends at the end of a shaft section. Each of said shaft sections is connected at its other end, via a flange, to a coaxial shaft which passes through the associated end box.
• the conveying means further comprise means for driving the screw 10 around the geometric axis X, which are here arranged in one of the technical boxes 3.
• the rotary drive means comprise an electric motor 14 and mechanical connection means between the output shaft of the motor and an end of the associated coaxial shaft, the coaxial shaft itself driving the screw 10.
• the rotational drive means here comprise means for controlling the rotational speed of the output shaft of the motor which comprise for example a speed variator.
• the control means thus make it possible to adapt the speed of rotation of the screw 10 to the conveyed product, that is to say to adapt the residence time of the product in the enclosure 1.
• the device further comprises heating means by Joule effect of the screw 10 which are here arranged in the technical boxes 3.
• the heating means comprise means for generating an electric current and means connecting the two ends of the screw to the two polarities of said generating means.
• each coaxial shaft is rigidly secured to a coaxial drum made of electrically conductive material, on which electrically powered supply coals, connected by conducting wires (not shown here), rub with current generation means. electric.
• the screw 10 is thus traversed by the same intensity all along the geometric axis X.
• the screw 10 is shaped so as to have an electrical resistance varying along its axis X and thus making it possible to simultaneously offer different heating zones along its axis X.
• the screw 10 is thus shaped so as to have a temperature profile such that the inlet temperature of 4 r chamber 1 is higher than the temperature at the outlet 6, 11 of the chamber 1. This it makes it possible to limit the bonding of the solids divided in plastic material to the turn of the screw 10 at their entry into the enclosure 1 due to the melting of said divided solids by the action of the heating of the screw 10.
• the heating means comprise means for regulating the intensity of the electric current flowing through the screw 10.
• the regulating means here comprise a dimmer interposed between the means for generating the electric current and the means connection. The regulating means thus make it possible to adapt the electrical intensity passing through the screw 10 to the product conveyed.
• the enclosure 1, the conveying means and the supply means thus form here a pyrolysis reactor for the product introduced into the enclosure 1.
• the chamber 1 also comprises a high output 11 for the extraction of the gases resulting from the pyrolysis of the product, said high output 11 being arranged here in the cover of the enclosure 1 substantially at the level of the second of the two ends. of the enclosure 1.
• the high output 11 is here slightly upstream of the low output of the chamber 1 relative to the input 4 of the enclosure.
• the device further comprises a unit 12 for removing impurities present in the gas.
• Said unit 12 is connected to the upper outlet 11 so that the gas is continuously withdrawn from the enclosure 1 (in contrast to the inlet 4 and the low outlet 6 which are shaped so that the supply of product and residues may be evacuated intermittently).
• the impurity removal unit 12 comprises gas cracking means which are here directly connected to the upper outlet 11 of the enclosure 1. These cracking means will make it possible to crack the tars and oily phases present in the gas so as to recover at the outlet of the cracking means a cleaner gas.
• the cracking means comprise for example a cracking furnace 13.
• the cracking furnace 13 comprises a tubular frame 14 of vertical Y axis.
• the frame 14 is here also shaped so as to have a circular section (section having normal Y axis) -
• the frame 14 has an inlet 15 for the introduction of the gas to be treated, inlet 15 which is here connected to the outlet 11 of the enclosure 1.
• the frame 14 further comprises an outlet 16 through which the gas is evacuated.
• the inlet 15 is arranged in the lower part of the frame 15 and the outlet 16 is arranged in the upper part of the frame 15.
• the inlet 15 extends substantially tangentially to the frame 14.
• the inlet 15 is arranged so as to penetrate the gas into the frame 14 along the inner wall of the frame 14. This allows to generate a cyclonic effect so that the gas flows helically in the frame 14. This promotes the treatment of the gas.
• the outlet 16 is also arranged tangentially to the frame 14.
• the inlet 15 and the outlet 16 are arranged opposite one another, in the radial direction, relative to the frame 14 in order to facilitate the circulation of the gas to be treated throughout the building 14.
• the frame 14 is made of refractory material.
• the internal walls of the frame 14 therefore have good thermal radiation properties.
• the frame 14 is ceramic.
• the ceramic chosen for frame 14 preferably has a pfd density of 10 to 50 kilowatts per square meter.
• the ceramic chosen is for example alumina.
• the material of the frame 14 may also be refractory concrete resistant to a temperature of at least 1400 ° C.
• the cracking furnace 13 furthermore comprises means for evacuating potentially parasitic solid particles, such as dust, contained in the gas to be treated.
• the Applicant has found that in fact a large part of these solid particles was semi-crystalline carbon particles formed by the cracking process itself.
• the device therefore allows a production of semi-crystalline carbon particles (from an initial product based on CSR or plastic waste) which can then be optionally recovered.
• the evacuation means here comprise a discharge line 40 and a valve 41, for example of the rotary type, guillotine or double lock, arranged in said discharge line 40.
• the valve 41 ensures sealing the frame 14 to limit the oxygen input through the exhaust pipe 40 in the frame 14, oxygen which would be detrimental to cracking.
• the evacuation duct 6 extends here from the bottom 42 of the frame 42 towards the outside of the frame 14.
• the evacuation duct 40 is here arranged so as to open at an end substantially in the center of said bottom 42 of the frame 14
• the exhaust pipe 40 extends here along the Y axis.
• the cracking furnace 13 comprises means for heating said gas to be treated which include a heating tube 17.
• the heating tube 17 is shaped so as to extend vertically along the r axis Y in the frame 14, coaxially with said frame 14.
• the heating tube 17 is here also shaped so as to have a circular section ⁇ section having normal Y axis).
• the frame 14 and the heating tube 17 delimit between them an interior space of annular section (section having normal Y axis) forming a treatment zone 43 of the gas. Furthermore, the heating tube 17 is shaped so that its lower end 44 is closed and arranged inside the frame 14 without touching the bottom 42 of the frame 14. This facilitates the deposition of the solid particles on the bottom 42 of the built facilitating their evacuation.
• the heating tube 17, however, has a height, taken along the Y axis, close to that of the frame 14 typically between 90 and 99% of the height of the frame 14.
• the upper end 45 of the heating tube leads to it out of the frame 14, above the ceiling 46 of the frame 14.
• the heating tube 17 is made of ceramic.
• the ceramic chosen preferably has a pfd density of between 10 and 50 kilowatts per square meter.
• the ceramic chosen is for example alumina.
• the heating means further comprise an inlet pipe 47 of a heating fuel (natural gas, fuel oil, purified synthesis gas, or gas treated by the present cracking furnace 13, a part of which is taken at the level of the output 16 of the cracking furnace 13 to feed the inlet pipe 47, or gas recovered at another place upstream or downstream of the device ”) connected to a burner 48 of said means for heating, burner 48 itself connected to the upper end 46 of the heating tube 17.
• the heating means also comprise an outlet line 49 of the burned fuel also connected to the upper end 45 of the heating tube 17.
• the heating means first use a heating fuel outside the cracking furnace 13 to initialize the heating of the heating tube 17 (natural gas type, fuel oil, purified synthesis gas, etc.) and once the treatment of the gas started, the heating means take part of the exhaust gas E at the outlet of the purification system (here of the purification stage 21) to ensure the heating of the heating tube 17 (as we shall see thereafter).
• a heating fuel outside the cracking furnace 13 to initialize the heating of the heating tube 17 (natural gas type, fuel oil, purified synthesis gas, etc.) and once the treatment of the gas started, the heating means take part of the exhaust gas E at the outlet of the purification system (here of the purification stage 21) to ensure the heating of the heating tube 17 (as we shall see thereafter).
• the cracking furnace 13 is relatively independent and requires an external fuel only to initiate the start of cracking.
• the external fuel may also be used during operation, when the simple withdrawal of the treated gas at the outlet 16 of the cracking furnace 13 is not sufficient to supply the burner.
• the heating of the gas to be treated is indirect since there is no physical contact between the heating gas or the fuel and the gas to be treated: only the heating tube 17 and the refractory inner walls of the frame 14 allow to heat the gas to be treated.
• the particular configuration of the frame 14 and the associated heating tube 17 thus makes it possible to define a narrow treatment zone 43 in which the gas to be treated is confined throughout its passage through the frame 14, treatment zone 43 heated externally by the internal refractory walls of the frame 14 and heated internally by the heating tube 17. This allows to obtain a homogeneous heating of the gas to be treated throughout the treatment zone thus ensuring a good cracking of the oil phases and undesirable tars.
• the means for evacuating the solid particles no longer comprise an evacuation pipe and associated valve, but a filter 150 extending vertically along the Y axis in the frame 114, coaxially with said pipe frame 114 and the heating tube 117, so that the heating tube 117 extends inside the filter 150 in the frame 114.
• the filter 150 is here also shaped so as to have a circular section (section having normal Y axis).
• the filter 150 has a height equal to that of the frame 114 so as to be integral on the one hand with the ceiling 146 of the frame 114 and on the other hand with the bottom 142 of the frame 114.
• the frame 114 and the heating tube 117 always delimit between them an internal space forming a treatment zone 143 of the gas, but the filter 150 and the heating tube 117 also delimit between them a filtering zone 151 of the gas.
• the filter 150 is for example ceramic.
• the inlet 115 of the frame 114 is here shaped to open directly into said filtering zone 151 of the gas.
• the inlet 115 opens at the bottom 142 of the frame 114 in the said filtering zone 151.
• the outlet 116 it is shaped to open into the treatment zone 143 but outside the zone. filtering 151.
• the cracking furnace is here shaped to subject the gas to a temperature between 1000 ° C (degrees Celsius) and 1700 ° C, and preferably between 1000 ° C and 1200 ° C.
• the cracking furnace 13 is preferably shaped to subject the gas to a temperature of about 1050 ° C to 1200 ° C. This will not only eliminate tars and oily phases of the gas but also enrich the gas dihydrogen. Indeed, because of the high temperature, the methane present in the gas will also react with the presence of other molecules during cracking which will increase the proportion of dihydrogen in the gas.
• the cracking furnace 13 is here shaped so that the gas passes through the frame 14 with a short residence time (typically between 0.5 and 2 seconds).
• the elimination unit 12 furthermore also comprises filtering means 19 which are, for example, directly connected to the outlet of the cracking oven 13 in order to eliminate dust and solid particles still present in the gas, in particular to eliminate the semi-crystalline carbon particles present in the gas.
• the filtering means 19 typically comprise a high temperature cyclone and / or a high temperature filter (such as a ceramic filter) and / or an activated carbon filter arranged across the pipe connected to the outlet of the cracking furnace 13. The cyclone and / or the filter is thus resistant to high temperatures typically between 600 and 1000 degrees Celsius.
• the elimination unit 12 also comprises a heat exchanger 20 directly connected to the filtering means 19 (upstream or downstream of the filtering means 19 depending on the temperature at which said filtering means 19 can work), which allows here to cool the gas to a temperature compatible with the downstream of the device.
• the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger 20 is between 500 ° C. and 1000 ° C. and at a pressure slightly below atmospheric pressure.
• the gas already has a high dihydrogen content between 55 and 65% of the total volume in the case of the treatment of CSR or plastic material (but between 20 and 40% in the case of biomass treatment).
• the device comprises a system for purifying dihydrogen 21 from the gas leaving the elimination unit 12.
• the dihydrogen purification system 21 is here directly connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger 20.
• the purification system 21 comprises a gas preparation stage and a gas purification stage.
• the preparation stage comprises, for example, first gas drying means 30 which are connected to the outlet of the elimination unit 12.
• the preparation stage also comprises means for pressurizing the gas, typically using a booster 31.
• the booster 31 is typically connected to the gas drying means 30.
• the stage of preparation also comprises a compressor 32 connected to the outlet of the booster 31 as well as second gas drying means 33 which are connected to the outlet of the compressor 32.
• This preparation step typically makes it possible to remove the water present in the gas and also to compress the gas before it arrives in the purification stage.
• the gas purification stage comprises a pressure reversal adsorption apparatus 34 which is directly connected to the outlet of the gas preparation stage.
• a very pure hydrogen gas G is thus recovered.
• the gas G at the outlet of the purification system comprises more than 99.9% of hydrogen by volume.
• the dihydrogen gas G at the outlet of the pressure reversal adsorption apparatus 34 is sufficiently pure to be directly stored or used. There is therefore no need for any other machine-type machine by membrane separation as a result of the pressure reversal adsorption apparatus 34.
• the pressure reversal adsorption apparatus 34 makes it possible to obtain exhaust gas E which is poor in hydrogen (in the order of 25% by volume, in spite of everything) which can be recovered for example by being reused by the cracking furnace 13 (as already indicated above) or still being used in the energy field because of its methane content.
• exhaust gas E which is poor in hydrogen (in the order of 25% by volume, in spite of everything) which can be recovered for example by being reused by the cracking furnace 13 (as already indicated above) or still being used in the energy field because of its methane content.
• the product to be treated is introduced into the inlet stack 5 in the form of divided solids and the screw 10 continuously pushes the divided solids towards the bottom outlet 6 of the enclosure 1. Due to the temperature of the screw 10, the divided solids gradually soften to melt which will generate gas already loaded dihydrogen.
• the screw 10 thus ensures both a thermal treatment of the product and the conveying of the product.
• the heat treatment of the product is at high temperature in the chamber 1, typically between 500 and 1000 degrees Celsius and preferably between 600 and 800 degrees Celsius.
• the device is shaped so that the product remains between 10 and 30 minutes in the chamber and even more preferably between 15 and 20 minutes.
• the gas extracted at the top outlet 11 of the chamber 1 is introduced into the cracking furnace 13 via the inlet 15.
• the burner 48 provides combustion of the heating fuel, which generates the evacuation of a heating gas (symbolized by triangles in Figure 2) in the heating tube 17.
• Said heating gas then descends into the heating tube 17 before going back naturally to the upper end 15 of the heating tube 17 where it is discharged through the outlet duct 16 to the outside of the cracking furnace 13.
• the presence and movement of the heating gas effectively heats the heating tube 17 over its entire height which results in heating of the treatment zone 43 by convection (at the heating tube 17) and by radiation (due to the particular material constituting the frame 14).
• the gas to be treated is efficiently, rapidly and uniformly heated to the temperature necessary for the thermal cracking of the oils and tars present in said gas, but also methane to cause a hydrogen enrichment of the gas.
• the cracking furnace 13 thereby heats the gas at a temperature of about 1500 ° C.
• the gas to be treated circulates naturally, and advantageously in a helical manner thanks to the cyclonic effect generated by the tangential arrangement of the inlet 15, in the cracking furnace 13 between the low inlet 15 of the frame 14 and the high outlet 16 of the frame 14 throughout the treatment zone 43 which leaves the time to be properly treated before being removed from the frame 14 at the outlet 16.
• a gas comprising about 60 % of hydrogen by volume.
• the gas then passes through the remainder of the elimination unit 12.
• a cleaner gas is recovered at the outlet of said elimination unit 12 and enriched in hydrogen.
• a gas comprising approximately 60% of hydrogen by volume is recovered.
• the gas passes through the purification system 21 which will in turn successively remove water, carbon dioxide, dinitrogen and methane.
• a purer G gas is recovered with respect to the level of dihydrogen.
• the gas G at the outlet of the purification system, and therefore the device is thus found to have a very high level of hydrogen.
• the gas G at the outlet of the device has a hydrogen content greater than 99.99%.
• the product supplying the device is plastic comprising predominantly polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate
• the device may use another type of product for the production of dihydrogen.
• the product may also be for example a biomass polymeric solid, such as plastic waste, rubber or elastomer or a solid including cardboard, a metal material such as aluminum ... or a solid recovery fuel.
• Biomass refers to the biodegradable fractions of products, wastes and residues from industry in general and from agriculture, forestry and related industries in particular *
• the product may comprise a single type of solid (polymer, plastic, CSR, biomass, etc.) or several types of solid.
• the divided solids may be in the form of three-dimensional granules or two-dimensional leaflets. In general, the divided solids can be in the form of powder, granules, pieces, fibers ...
• the enclosure and the means of conveying and heating Joule effect associated may be different from what has been indicated.
• the sealed connection means of the supply inlet and / or the low output may include other elements than an airlock such as a sluice valve or a metering device.
• the screw and the associated Joule heating means may thus be shaped to allow a stepwise heating of the product, the screw having for example an electrical resistance varying along its axis and thus allowing to simultaneously offer different heating zones. along its axis.
• the purification system may be different from what has been indicated.
• said system may comprise a different number of purification stages than what has been described.
• the device may be shaped so that the chamber is filled with an inert gas to limit or eliminate the presence of oxygen in the chamber.
• the cracking furnace may be different from what has been indicated.
• the frame may have a different section such as an elliptical section.
• the heating tube may have a different section of a circular section such as an elliptical section.
• the frame may be in a completely different material: another ceramic, a refractory concrete, a metal or a metal alloy.
• refractory materials such as refractory concrete or ceramics that will promote the treatment of gas.
• the nature of the gas to be treated (corrosive or non-corrosive) will also be considered.
• the heating tube is made of alumina
• the heating tube may be in a completely different material: another ceramic, a refractory concrete, a metal or a metal alloy ...
• the refractory materials will be preferred. such as refractory concrete or ceramics that will favor gas treatment.
• the nature of the gas to be treated (corrosive or non-corrosive) will also be considered.
• the filter is alumina
• the filter may be in a completely different material: another ceramic, a refractory concrete, a metal or a metal alloy ...
• we prefer refractory materials such as concrete refractory or ceramic that will promote the treatment of gas.
• the nature of the gas to be treated will also be considered.

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• 2016
  • 2016-10-18 JP JP2019541847A patent/JP7021234B2/ja active Active
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