EP3529337A1 - Device for producing dihydrogen, method for producing dihydrogen using such a device and use of such a device - Google Patents

Device for producing dihydrogen, method for producing dihydrogen using such a device and use of such a device

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Publication number
EP3529337A1
EP3529337A1 EP16784478.6A EP16784478A EP3529337A1 EP 3529337 A1 EP3529337 A1 EP 3529337A1 EP 16784478 A EP16784478 A EP 16784478A EP 3529337 A1 EP3529337 A1 EP 3529337A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
enclosure
product
outlet
inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP16784478.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Olivier Lepez
Philippe Sajet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ETIA Evaluation Technologique Ingenierie et Applications SARL
Original Assignee
ETIA Evaluation Technologique Ingenierie et Applications SARL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ETIA Evaluation Technologique Ingenierie et Applications SARL filed Critical ETIA Evaluation Technologique Ingenierie et Applications SARL
Publication of EP3529337A1 publication Critical patent/EP3529337A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/508—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by selective and reversible uptake by an appropriate medium, i.e. the uptake being based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
    • C10K3/001—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by thermal treatment
    • C10K3/003—Reducing the tar content
    • C10K3/008—Reducing the tar content by cracking
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/007—Screw type gasifiers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features
    • C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
    • C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
    • C01B2203/0272—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a non-catalytic decomposition step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/042—Purification by adsorption on solids
    • C01B2203/043—Regenerative adsorption process in two or more beds, one for adsorption, the other for regeneration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/047—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon monoxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/0475—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
    • C01B2203/048—Composition of the impurity the impurity being an organic compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
    • C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/024—Dust removal by filtration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
    • C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
    • C10K1/02—Dust removal
    • C10K1/026—Dust removal by centrifugal forces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for producing a dihydrogen gas, that is to say a gas having as its main object a device for producing dihydrogen, a process for producing dihydrogen from such a device and the use of such a device. component of hydrogen.
  • the invention also relates to the use of such a device for the recovery of a product of the CSR (solid recovery compounds) or polymeric material type.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a hydrogen gas from such a device.
  • Dihydrogen is used in many fields of industry, particularly in the chemical and petrochemical industry, for example to enable the refining of hydrocarbons.
  • the use of dihydrogen as a fuel is increasingly being considered and used in both the automotive and fuel cell sectors.
  • dihydrogen Although there are natural dihydrogen deposits, the majority of dihydrogen used is dihydrogen manufactured industrially due to the relative difficulty of extracting and storing dihydrogen which is a very light gas.
  • An object of the invention is to provide a device for generating a hydrogen gas and the use of this device for the recovery of product type material CSR or polymeric material.
  • An object of the invention is also to provide a method of manufacturing a hydrogen gas from such a device.
  • a device for producing a dihydrogen gas is provided by heat treatment of a product in the form of divided solids, the device comprising:
  • an enclosure comprising a product feed inlet, a low recovery outlet for the residues of the treated product and a high extraction outlet for the gas resulting from the treatment of the product,
  • means for conveying the product between the inlet of the enclosure and the bottom outlet of the enclosure which comprise a screw mounted to rotate in the enclosure along a geometrical axis of rotation and which comprise means for driving in rotation of the screw,
  • a unit for removing impurities present in the gas said unit being connected to the upper outlet of the chamber.
  • the product is introduced to the inlet of the enclosure in the form of divided solids and the screw continuously pushes the divided solids to the bottom outlet of the enclosure.
  • the divided solids heat up very quickly and transform without sticking to the turn of the screw thus generating a gas which once treated by the unit presents surprisingly a strong dihydrogen content.
  • the concentrated dihydrogen gas obtained by the invention therefore proves to be a very good alternative natural dihydrogen gas.
  • the dihydrogen gas at the outlet of the invention is directly injectable in containers (bottles, tanks ...) or in a gas distribution network.
  • the invention can be supplied with any product of any kind such as biomass but is particularly advantageous with CSR material type products (solid recovery compounds) or polymeric material such as plastic. This is particularly advantageous in an increasingly important context of waste recovery, particularly non-fermentable waste for which recovery solutions are less developed.
  • hydrogen gas is intended to mean a gas having as a major component of dihydrogen it being understood that the said gas may comprise, in smaller proportions, other components such as methane.
  • the device further comprises, at the outlet of the elimination unit, a system for purifying the hydrogen gas, the purification system being connected to the elimination unit.
  • the device comprises an inlet chimney which is connected to the inlet of the enclosure and which comprises sealed connection means at the inlet of the enclosure so as to limit the incoming air. inside the enclosure.
  • the device comprises an outlet chimney which is connected to the low output of the enclosure and which comprises sealed connection means to the low output of the enclosure so as to limit the air entering the enclosure.
  • the impurity removal unit comprises means for cracking the gas.
  • the impurity removal unit comprises means for filtering dust and solid particles present in the gas.
  • the filtering means comprise a high temperature cyclone or a high temperature ceramic filter or an activated carbon filter.
  • the purification system comprises a single purification stage.
  • the purification system comprises a pressure reversal adsorption apparatus.
  • an exhaust gas of the purification system is used by the elimination unit to treat the gas resulting from the treatment of the product.
  • the invention relates to the use of the above-mentioned device for the recovery of a product of CSR or polymeric material type.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing a hydrogen gas from such a device comprising the steps of:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device according to a particular embodiment not limiting of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cracking furnace of the device illustrated in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cracker oven according to a variant of the oven illustrated in FIG.
  • the device according to a particular embodiment of the invention can produce a hydrogen gas by heat treatment, here by pyrolysis, a product in the form of divided solids.
  • the product is for example formed of polymeric material.
  • the product is typically plastic mainly comprising polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the divided solids are in the form of granules in three-dimensional granules or pellets. The maximum dimensions of said divided solids are preferably between 2 and 30 millimeters.
  • the device according to the invention comprises an enclosure 1, of generally horizontal general direction, which is kept away from the ground by legs (not shown here).
  • the enclosure 1 comprises an outer envelope, here unitary, which is for example metallic, in particular made of nonmagnetic stainless steel.
  • the chamber 1 further comprises here a unitary inner envelope of refractory material.
  • a technical box 3 is fixed at each end of the chamber 1.
  • the chamber 1 here comprises a product supply inlet 4 of the chamber 1, inlet 4 which is arranged in the enclosure of the enclosure 1 substantially at a first end of the enclosure 1.
  • the bottom and the cover of the enclosure 1 are defined relative to the ground on which the enclosure 1 rests.
  • the device comprises an inlet chimney 5 which is connected to the inlet 4 of the enclosure.
  • the inlet chimney 5 comprises sealed connection means 2 at the inlet 4 of the enclosure 1 so as to limit the air entering the enclosure 1, air which would reduce the hydrogen content of the gas in speaker output which is not desired.
  • These sealed connection means 2 also make it possible to control the flow rate of the product poured into the enclosure 1.
  • Said sealed connection means 2 comprise, for example, a hermetic lock arranged between the inlet chimney 5 and the inlet 4 of the enclosure 1 and controlled by valves.
  • the inlet chimney 5 is for example connected to a feed hopper or to a crushing, compacting or granulating unit of the divided solids product or to a preconditioning unit of the divided solids, a preconditioning unit allowing heating and / or drying the divided solids to prescribed values of temperature and relative humidity or densifying said divided solids.
  • the enclosure 1 furthermore comprises a low outlet € here arranged in the bottom of the enclosure 1 substantially at the level of the second of the two ends of the enclosure 1.
  • the device comprises an outlet chimney 7 which is connected to the low output 6 of the enclosure 1.
  • the outlet chimney 1 comprises sealed connection means 8 at the low outlet 6 of the enclosure 1 so as to limit the air entering the enclosure 1, air that would reduce the hydrogen content of the gas at the enclosure outlet 1 which is not desired.
  • sealed connection means 8 also make it possible to control the evacuation rate of the residues of the heat-treated product in the enclosure 1.
  • Said sealed connection means 8 comprise, for example, a hermetic lock arranged between the outlet chimney and the low outlet and controlled by valves.
  • the outlet chimney 7 is for example connected to a cooling unit 9 of the residues either for the purpose of destroying the residues or for the purpose of recovering said residues which may for example be used as fuels, possibly by means of one or more stages additional treatment.
  • the device comprises means for conveying the product between the inlet of the enclosure and the low output of the enclosure.
  • Said means thus comprise a screw 10 which extends here in the enclosure 1 along a geometric axis X between the two technical boxes 3 and which is mounted to rotate around said geometric axis X in the enclosure 1.
  • the screw 10 is example in refractory stainless steel.
  • the screw 10 is thus resistant to high temperatures typically between 700 and 1200 degrees.
  • the screw 10 here has a helical coil shape which is fixed, for example by welding, at its two ends at the end of a shaft section. Each of said shaft sections is connected at its other end, via a flange, to a coaxial shaft which passes through the associated end box.
  • the conveying means further comprise means for driving the screw 10 around the geometric axis X, which are here arranged in one of the technical boxes 3.
  • the rotary drive means comprise an electric motor 14 and mechanical connection means between the output shaft of the motor and an end of the associated coaxial shaft, the coaxial shaft itself driving the screw 10.
  • the rotational drive means here comprise means for controlling the rotational speed of the output shaft of the motor which comprise for example a speed variator.
  • the control means thus make it possible to adapt the speed of rotation of the screw 10 to the conveyed product, that is to say to adapt the residence time of the product in the enclosure 1.
  • the device further comprises heating means by Joule effect of the screw 10 which are here arranged in the technical boxes 3.
  • the heating means comprise means for generating an electric current and means connecting the two ends of the screw to the two polarities of said generating means.
  • each coaxial shaft is rigidly secured to a coaxial drum made of electrically conductive material, on which electrically powered supply coals, connected by conducting wires (not shown here), rub with current generation means. electric.
  • the screw 10 is thus traversed by the same intensity all along the geometric axis X.
  • the screw 10 is shaped so as to have an electrical resistance varying along its axis X and thus making it possible to simultaneously offer different heating zones along its axis X.
  • the screw 10 is thus shaped so as to have a temperature profile such that the inlet temperature of 4 r chamber 1 is higher than the temperature at the outlet 6, 11 of the chamber 1. This it makes it possible to limit the bonding of the solids divided in plastic material to the turn of the screw 10 at their entry into the enclosure 1 due to the melting of said divided solids by the action of the heating of the screw 10.
  • the heating means comprise means for regulating the intensity of the electric current flowing through the screw 10.
  • the regulating means here comprise a dimmer interposed between the means for generating the electric current and the means connection. The regulating means thus make it possible to adapt the electrical intensity passing through the screw 10 to the product conveyed.
  • the enclosure 1, the conveying means and the supply means thus form here a pyrolysis reactor for the product introduced into the enclosure 1.
  • the chamber 1 also comprises a high output 11 for the extraction of the gases resulting from the pyrolysis of the product, said high output 11 being arranged here in the cover of the enclosure 1 substantially at the level of the second of the two ends. of the enclosure 1.
  • the high output 11 is here slightly upstream of the low output of the chamber 1 relative to the input 4 of the enclosure.
  • the device further comprises a unit 12 for removing impurities present in the gas.
  • Said unit 12 is connected to the upper outlet 11 so that the gas is continuously withdrawn from the enclosure 1 (in contrast to the inlet 4 and the low outlet 6 which are shaped so that the supply of product and residues may be evacuated intermittently).
  • the impurity removal unit 12 comprises gas cracking means which are here directly connected to the upper outlet 11 of the enclosure 1. These cracking means will make it possible to crack the tars and oily phases present in the gas so as to recover at the outlet of the cracking means a cleaner gas.
  • the cracking means comprise for example a cracking furnace 13.
  • the cracking furnace 13 comprises a tubular frame 14 of vertical Y axis.
  • the frame 14 is here also shaped so as to have a circular section (section having normal Y axis) -
  • the frame 14 has an inlet 15 for the introduction of the gas to be treated, inlet 15 which is here connected to the outlet 11 of the enclosure 1.
  • the frame 14 further comprises an outlet 16 through which the gas is evacuated.
  • the inlet 15 is arranged in the lower part of the frame 15 and the outlet 16 is arranged in the upper part of the frame 15.
  • the inlet 15 extends substantially tangentially to the frame 14.
  • the inlet 15 is arranged so as to penetrate the gas into the frame 14 along the inner wall of the frame 14. This allows to generate a cyclonic effect so that the gas flows helically in the frame 14. This promotes the treatment of the gas.
  • the outlet 16 is also arranged tangentially to the frame 14.
  • the inlet 15 and the outlet 16 are arranged opposite one another, in the radial direction, relative to the frame 14 in order to facilitate the circulation of the gas to be treated throughout the building 14.
  • the frame 14 is made of refractory material.
  • the internal walls of the frame 14 therefore have good thermal radiation properties.
  • the frame 14 is ceramic.
  • the ceramic chosen for frame 14 preferably has a pfd density of 10 to 50 kilowatts per square meter.
  • the ceramic chosen is for example alumina.
  • the material of the frame 14 may also be refractory concrete resistant to a temperature of at least 1400 ° C.
  • the cracking furnace 13 furthermore comprises means for evacuating potentially parasitic solid particles, such as dust, contained in the gas to be treated.
  • the Applicant has found that in fact a large part of these solid particles was semi-crystalline carbon particles formed by the cracking process itself.
  • the device therefore allows a production of semi-crystalline carbon particles (from an initial product based on CSR or plastic waste) which can then be optionally recovered.
  • the evacuation means here comprise a discharge line 40 and a valve 41, for example of the rotary type, guillotine or double lock, arranged in said discharge line 40.
  • the valve 41 ensures sealing the frame 14 to limit the oxygen input through the exhaust pipe 40 in the frame 14, oxygen which would be detrimental to cracking.
  • the evacuation duct 6 extends here from the bottom 42 of the frame 42 towards the outside of the frame 14.
  • the evacuation duct 40 is here arranged so as to open at an end substantially in the center of said bottom 42 of the frame 14
  • the exhaust pipe 40 extends here along the Y axis.
  • the cracking furnace 13 comprises means for heating said gas to be treated which include a heating tube 17.
  • the heating tube 17 is shaped so as to extend vertically along the r axis Y in the frame 14, coaxially with said frame 14.
  • the heating tube 17 is here also shaped so as to have a circular section ⁇ section having normal Y axis).
  • the frame 14 and the heating tube 17 delimit between them an interior space of annular section (section having normal Y axis) forming a treatment zone 43 of the gas. Furthermore, the heating tube 17 is shaped so that its lower end 44 is closed and arranged inside the frame 14 without touching the bottom 42 of the frame 14. This facilitates the deposition of the solid particles on the bottom 42 of the built facilitating their evacuation.
  • the heating tube 17, however, has a height, taken along the Y axis, close to that of the frame 14 typically between 90 and 99% of the height of the frame 14.
  • the upper end 45 of the heating tube leads to it out of the frame 14, above the ceiling 46 of the frame 14.
  • the heating tube 17 is made of ceramic.
  • the ceramic chosen preferably has a pfd density of between 10 and 50 kilowatts per square meter.
  • the ceramic chosen is for example alumina.
  • the heating means further comprise an inlet pipe 47 of a heating fuel (natural gas, fuel oil, purified synthesis gas, or gas treated by the present cracking furnace 13, a part of which is taken at the level of the output 16 of the cracking furnace 13 to feed the inlet pipe 47, or gas recovered at another place upstream or downstream of the device ”) connected to a burner 48 of said means for heating, burner 48 itself connected to the upper end 46 of the heating tube 17.
  • the heating means also comprise an outlet line 49 of the burned fuel also connected to the upper end 45 of the heating tube 17.
  • the heating means first use a heating fuel outside the cracking furnace 13 to initialize the heating of the heating tube 17 (natural gas type, fuel oil, purified synthesis gas, etc.) and once the treatment of the gas started, the heating means take part of the exhaust gas E at the outlet of the purification system (here of the purification stage 21) to ensure the heating of the heating tube 17 (as we shall see thereafter).
  • a heating fuel outside the cracking furnace 13 to initialize the heating of the heating tube 17 (natural gas type, fuel oil, purified synthesis gas, etc.) and once the treatment of the gas started, the heating means take part of the exhaust gas E at the outlet of the purification system (here of the purification stage 21) to ensure the heating of the heating tube 17 (as we shall see thereafter).
  • the cracking furnace 13 is relatively independent and requires an external fuel only to initiate the start of cracking.
  • the external fuel may also be used during operation, when the simple withdrawal of the treated gas at the outlet 16 of the cracking furnace 13 is not sufficient to supply the burner.
  • the heating of the gas to be treated is indirect since there is no physical contact between the heating gas or the fuel and the gas to be treated: only the heating tube 17 and the refractory inner walls of the frame 14 allow to heat the gas to be treated.
  • the particular configuration of the frame 14 and the associated heating tube 17 thus makes it possible to define a narrow treatment zone 43 in which the gas to be treated is confined throughout its passage through the frame 14, treatment zone 43 heated externally by the internal refractory walls of the frame 14 and heated internally by the heating tube 17. This allows to obtain a homogeneous heating of the gas to be treated throughout the treatment zone thus ensuring a good cracking of the oil phases and undesirable tars.
  • the means for evacuating the solid particles no longer comprise an evacuation pipe and associated valve, but a filter 150 extending vertically along the Y axis in the frame 114, coaxially with said pipe frame 114 and the heating tube 117, so that the heating tube 117 extends inside the filter 150 in the frame 114.
  • the filter 150 is here also shaped so as to have a circular section (section having normal Y axis).
  • the filter 150 has a height equal to that of the frame 114 so as to be integral on the one hand with the ceiling 146 of the frame 114 and on the other hand with the bottom 142 of the frame 114.
  • the frame 114 and the heating tube 117 always delimit between them an internal space forming a treatment zone 143 of the gas, but the filter 150 and the heating tube 117 also delimit between them a filtering zone 151 of the gas.
  • the filter 150 is for example ceramic.
  • the inlet 115 of the frame 114 is here shaped to open directly into said filtering zone 151 of the gas.
  • the inlet 115 opens at the bottom 142 of the frame 114 in the said filtering zone 151.
  • the outlet 116 it is shaped to open into the treatment zone 143 but outside the zone. filtering 151.
  • the cracking furnace is here shaped to subject the gas to a temperature between 1000 ° C (degrees Celsius) and 1700 ° C, and preferably between 1000 ° C and 1200 ° C.
  • the cracking furnace 13 is preferably shaped to subject the gas to a temperature of about 1050 ° C to 1200 ° C. This will not only eliminate tars and oily phases of the gas but also enrich the gas dihydrogen. Indeed, because of the high temperature, the methane present in the gas will also react with the presence of other molecules during cracking which will increase the proportion of dihydrogen in the gas.
  • the cracking furnace 13 is here shaped so that the gas passes through the frame 14 with a short residence time (typically between 0.5 and 2 seconds).
  • the elimination unit 12 furthermore also comprises filtering means 19 which are, for example, directly connected to the outlet of the cracking oven 13 in order to eliminate dust and solid particles still present in the gas, in particular to eliminate the semi-crystalline carbon particles present in the gas.
  • the filtering means 19 typically comprise a high temperature cyclone and / or a high temperature filter (such as a ceramic filter) and / or an activated carbon filter arranged across the pipe connected to the outlet of the cracking furnace 13. The cyclone and / or the filter is thus resistant to high temperatures typically between 600 and 1000 degrees Celsius.
  • the elimination unit 12 also comprises a heat exchanger 20 directly connected to the filtering means 19 (upstream or downstream of the filtering means 19 depending on the temperature at which said filtering means 19 can work), which allows here to cool the gas to a temperature compatible with the downstream of the device.
  • the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger 20 is between 500 ° C. and 1000 ° C. and at a pressure slightly below atmospheric pressure.
  • the gas already has a high dihydrogen content between 55 and 65% of the total volume in the case of the treatment of CSR or plastic material (but between 20 and 40% in the case of biomass treatment).
  • the device comprises a system for purifying dihydrogen 21 from the gas leaving the elimination unit 12.
  • the dihydrogen purification system 21 is here directly connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger 20.
  • the purification system 21 comprises a gas preparation stage and a gas purification stage.
  • the preparation stage comprises, for example, first gas drying means 30 which are connected to the outlet of the elimination unit 12.
  • the preparation stage also comprises means for pressurizing the gas, typically using a booster 31.
  • the booster 31 is typically connected to the gas drying means 30.
  • the stage of preparation also comprises a compressor 32 connected to the outlet of the booster 31 as well as second gas drying means 33 which are connected to the outlet of the compressor 32.
  • This preparation step typically makes it possible to remove the water present in the gas and also to compress the gas before it arrives in the purification stage.
  • the gas purification stage comprises a pressure reversal adsorption apparatus 34 which is directly connected to the outlet of the gas preparation stage.
  • a very pure hydrogen gas G is thus recovered.
  • the gas G at the outlet of the purification system comprises more than 99.9% of hydrogen by volume.
  • the dihydrogen gas G at the outlet of the pressure reversal adsorption apparatus 34 is sufficiently pure to be directly stored or used. There is therefore no need for any other machine-type machine by membrane separation as a result of the pressure reversal adsorption apparatus 34.
  • the pressure reversal adsorption apparatus 34 makes it possible to obtain exhaust gas E which is poor in hydrogen (in the order of 25% by volume, in spite of everything) which can be recovered for example by being reused by the cracking furnace 13 (as already indicated above) or still being used in the energy field because of its methane content.
  • exhaust gas E which is poor in hydrogen (in the order of 25% by volume, in spite of everything) which can be recovered for example by being reused by the cracking furnace 13 (as already indicated above) or still being used in the energy field because of its methane content.
  • the product to be treated is introduced into the inlet stack 5 in the form of divided solids and the screw 10 continuously pushes the divided solids towards the bottom outlet 6 of the enclosure 1. Due to the temperature of the screw 10, the divided solids gradually soften to melt which will generate gas already loaded dihydrogen.
  • the screw 10 thus ensures both a thermal treatment of the product and the conveying of the product.
  • the heat treatment of the product is at high temperature in the chamber 1, typically between 500 and 1000 degrees Celsius and preferably between 600 and 800 degrees Celsius.
  • the device is shaped so that the product remains between 10 and 30 minutes in the chamber and even more preferably between 15 and 20 minutes.
  • the gas extracted at the top outlet 11 of the chamber 1 is introduced into the cracking furnace 13 via the inlet 15.
  • the burner 48 provides combustion of the heating fuel, which generates the evacuation of a heating gas (symbolized by triangles in Figure 2) in the heating tube 17.
  • Said heating gas then descends into the heating tube 17 before going back naturally to the upper end 15 of the heating tube 17 where it is discharged through the outlet duct 16 to the outside of the cracking furnace 13.
  • the presence and movement of the heating gas effectively heats the heating tube 17 over its entire height which results in heating of the treatment zone 43 by convection (at the heating tube 17) and by radiation (due to the particular material constituting the frame 14).
  • the gas to be treated is efficiently, rapidly and uniformly heated to the temperature necessary for the thermal cracking of the oils and tars present in said gas, but also methane to cause a hydrogen enrichment of the gas.
  • the cracking furnace 13 thereby heats the gas at a temperature of about 1500 ° C.
  • the gas to be treated circulates naturally, and advantageously in a helical manner thanks to the cyclonic effect generated by the tangential arrangement of the inlet 15, in the cracking furnace 13 between the low inlet 15 of the frame 14 and the high outlet 16 of the frame 14 throughout the treatment zone 43 which leaves the time to be properly treated before being removed from the frame 14 at the outlet 16.
  • a gas comprising about 60 % of hydrogen by volume.
  • the gas then passes through the remainder of the elimination unit 12.
  • a cleaner gas is recovered at the outlet of said elimination unit 12 and enriched in hydrogen.
  • a gas comprising approximately 60% of hydrogen by volume is recovered.
  • the gas passes through the purification system 21 which will in turn successively remove water, carbon dioxide, dinitrogen and methane.
  • a purer G gas is recovered with respect to the level of dihydrogen.
  • the gas G at the outlet of the purification system, and therefore the device is thus found to have a very high level of hydrogen.
  • the gas G at the outlet of the device has a hydrogen content greater than 99.99%.
  • the product supplying the device is plastic comprising predominantly polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate
  • the device may use another type of product for the production of dihydrogen.
  • the product may also be for example a biomass polymeric solid, such as plastic waste, rubber or elastomer or a solid including cardboard, a metal material such as aluminum ... or a solid recovery fuel.
  • Biomass refers to the biodegradable fractions of products, wastes and residues from industry in general and from agriculture, forestry and related industries in particular *
  • the product may comprise a single type of solid (polymer, plastic, CSR, biomass, etc.) or several types of solid.
  • the divided solids may be in the form of three-dimensional granules or two-dimensional leaflets. In general, the divided solids can be in the form of powder, granules, pieces, fibers ...
  • the enclosure and the means of conveying and heating Joule effect associated may be different from what has been indicated.
  • the sealed connection means of the supply inlet and / or the low output may include other elements than an airlock such as a sluice valve or a metering device.
  • the screw and the associated Joule heating means may thus be shaped to allow a stepwise heating of the product, the screw having for example an electrical resistance varying along its axis and thus allowing to simultaneously offer different heating zones. along its axis.
  • the purification system may be different from what has been indicated.
  • said system may comprise a different number of purification stages than what has been described.
  • the device may be shaped so that the chamber is filled with an inert gas to limit or eliminate the presence of oxygen in the chamber.
  • the cracking furnace may be different from what has been indicated.
  • the frame may have a different section such as an elliptical section.
  • the heating tube may have a different section of a circular section such as an elliptical section.
  • the frame may be in a completely different material: another ceramic, a refractory concrete, a metal or a metal alloy.
  • refractory materials such as refractory concrete or ceramics that will promote the treatment of gas.
  • the nature of the gas to be treated (corrosive or non-corrosive) will also be considered.
  • the heating tube is made of alumina
  • the heating tube may be in a completely different material: another ceramic, a refractory concrete, a metal or a metal alloy ...
  • the refractory materials will be preferred. such as refractory concrete or ceramics that will favor gas treatment.
  • the nature of the gas to be treated (corrosive or non-corrosive) will also be considered.
  • the filter is alumina
  • the filter may be in a completely different material: another ceramic, a refractory concrete, a metal or a metal alloy ...
  • we prefer refractory materials such as concrete refractory or ceramic that will promote the treatment of gas.
  • the nature of the gas to be treated will also be considered.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for producing a dihydrogen gas (G) including an enclosure (1), means for conveying the product into the enclosure, which comprise a screw (10) mounted so as to rotate in the enclosure about a geometric axis of rotation, means for heating the screw by the Joule effect, and a unit (12) for removing impurities present in the gas. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing dihydrogen using such a device as well as to a use of the device for the treatment of a product such as CSR material or polymer material.

Description

Dispositif de production de dihydrogène, procédé de production de dihydrogène à partir d'un tel dispositif et utilisation d'un tel dispositif 1/ invention concerne un dispositif de production d' un gaz dihydrogène c' est-à-dire un gaz ayant comme principal composant de l'hydrogène. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation d'un tel dispositif pour la valorisation d'un produit de type matière CSR (composés solides de récupération) ou matière polymérique. L' invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un gaz dihydrogène à partir d'un tel dispositif.  The invention relates to a device for producing a dihydrogen gas, that is to say a gas having as its main object a device for producing dihydrogen, a process for producing dihydrogen from such a device and the use of such a device. component of hydrogen. The invention also relates to the use of such a device for the recovery of a product of the CSR (solid recovery compounds) or polymeric material type. The invention also relates to a method for producing a hydrogen gas from such a device.
ARRIERE PLAN TECHNOLOGIQUE DE L'INVENTION Le dihydrogène est utilisé dans de nombreux domaines de l'industrie notamment dans l'industrie chimique et pétrochimique par exemple pour permettre le raffinage des hydrocarbures. L'utilisation du dihydrogène en tant que combustible est de plus en plus envisagé et utilisé à la fois dans le domaine de l'automobile et celui des piles à combustibles.  BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Dihydrogen is used in many fields of industry, particularly in the chemical and petrochemical industry, for example to enable the refining of hydrocarbons. The use of dihydrogen as a fuel is increasingly being considered and used in both the automotive and fuel cell sectors.
Bien qu'il existe des gisements de dihydrogène naturels, la majorité du dihydrogène utilisé est du dihydrogène fabriqué industriellement du fait de la relative difficulté à extraire et stocker du dihydrogène qui est urt gaz très léger.  Although there are natural dihydrogen deposits, the majority of dihydrogen used is dihydrogen manufactured industrially due to the relative difficulty of extracting and storing dihydrogen which is a very light gas.
II existe donc un besoin constant de dispositif permettant la fabrication de gaz dihydrogène de manière relativement simple.  There is therefore a constant need for a device for the manufacture of hydrogen gas in a relatively simple manner.
OBJET DE L'INVENTION  OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
Un but de l'invention est de proposer un dispositif permettant de générer un gaz dihydrogène ainsi que l'utilisation de ce dispositif pour la valorisation de produit type matière CSR ou matière polymérique. Un but de l'invention est également de proposer un procédé de fabrication d'un gaz dihydrogène à partir d'un tel dispositif. BREVE DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTION An object of the invention is to provide a device for generating a hydrogen gas and the use of this device for the recovery of product type material CSR or polymeric material. An object of the invention is also to provide a method of manufacturing a hydrogen gas from such a device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
En vue de la réalisation de ce but, on propose un dispositif de production d'un gaz dihydrogène par traitement thermique d'un produit sous forme de solides divisés, le dispositif comportant :  In order to achieve this goal, a device for producing a dihydrogen gas is provided by heat treatment of a product in the form of divided solids, the device comprising:
- une enceinte comprenant une entrée d'alimentation en produit, une sortie basse de récupérations des résidus du produit traité et une sortie haute d'extraction du gaz issu du traitement du produit,  an enclosure comprising a product feed inlet, a low recovery outlet for the residues of the treated product and a high extraction outlet for the gas resulting from the treatment of the product,
- des moyens de convoyage du produit entre l'entrée de l'enceinte et la sortie basse de l'enceinte qui comprennent une vis montée pour tourner dans l'enceinte selon un axe géométrique de rotation et qui comprennent des moyens d'entraînement en rotation de la vis,  means for conveying the product between the inlet of the enclosure and the bottom outlet of the enclosure, which comprise a screw mounted to rotate in the enclosure along a geometrical axis of rotation and which comprise means for driving in rotation of the screw,
- des moyens de chauffage par effet Joule de la heating means by Joule effect of the
Vis, Screw,
- une unité d' élimination d' impuretés présentes dans le gaz, ladite unité étant raccordée à la sortie haute de l'enceinte.  - A unit for removing impurities present in the gas, said unit being connected to the upper outlet of the chamber.
De la sorte le produit est introduit à l'entrée de l'enceinte sous forme de solides divisés et la vis pousse de façon continue les solides divisés vers la sortie basse de l'enceinte. Du fait du mode de chauffage avantageux de la vis par effet Joule, les solides divisés se chauffent très rapidement et se transforment sans coller à la spire de la vis générant ainsi un gaz qui une fois traité par l'unité présente de manière surprenante un fort taux en dihydrogène.  In this way the product is introduced to the inlet of the enclosure in the form of divided solids and the screw continuously pushes the divided solids to the bottom outlet of the enclosure. Because of the advantageous heating mode of the screw by Joule effect, the divided solids heat up very quickly and transform without sticking to the turn of the screw thus generating a gas which once treated by the unit presents surprisingly a strong dihydrogen content.
Des expérimentations effectuées par la demanderesse ont ainsi permis d'obtenir des taux de dihydrogène en sortie de l'unité d'élimination autour de 60% selon le produit d'entrée.  Experiments carried out by the Applicant have thus made it possible to obtain dihydrogen levels at the outlet of the elimination unit around 60% depending on the product of entry.
Le gaz concentré en dihydrogène obtenu par l'invention s'avère donc être une très bonne alternative au gaz dihydrogène naturel. The concentrated dihydrogen gas obtained by the invention therefore proves to be a very good alternative natural dihydrogen gas.
De plus, le gaz dihydrogène en sortie de l'invention s'avère directement injectable dans des contenants (bouteilles, citernes ...) ou dans un réseau de distribution de gaz.  In addition, the dihydrogen gas at the outlet of the invention is directly injectable in containers (bottles, tanks ...) or in a gas distribution network.
En outre, l'invention peut être alimentée en produit de toute sorte comme des biomasses mais s'avère particulièrement avantageuse avec des produits de type matière CSR (composés solides de récupération) ou matière polymérique comme le plastique. Ceci s'avère particulièrement avantageux dans un cadre toujours plus important de valorisation des déchets, en particulier les déchets non fermentescibles pour lesquels les solutions de valorisation sont moins développées.  In addition, the invention can be supplied with any product of any kind such as biomass but is particularly advantageous with CSR material type products (solid recovery compounds) or polymeric material such as plastic. This is particularly advantageous in an increasingly important context of waste recovery, particularly non-fermentable waste for which recovery solutions are less developed.
Par « gaz dihydrogène » on entend au sens de l'invention un gaz ayant comme composant majoritaire du dihydrogène étant entendu que ledit gaz peut comprendre en plus faible proportions d' autres composants comme du méthane.  For the purposes of the invention, the term "hydrogen gas" is intended to mean a gas having as a major component of dihydrogen it being understood that the said gas may comprise, in smaller proportions, other components such as methane.
Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, le dispositif comporte en outre, en sortie de l'unité d' élimination, un système d' épuration du gaz en dihydrogène, le système d'épuration étant raccordé à l'unité d'élimination.  According to one particular aspect of the invention, the device further comprises, at the outlet of the elimination unit, a system for purifying the hydrogen gas, the purification system being connected to the elimination unit.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le dispositif comporte une cheminée d'entrée qui est connectée à l'entrée de l'enceinte et qui comprend des moyens de raccordement étanches à l'entrée de l'enceinte de sorte à limiter l'air entrant dans l'enceinte.  According to a particular embodiment, the device comprises an inlet chimney which is connected to the inlet of the enclosure and which comprises sealed connection means at the inlet of the enclosure so as to limit the incoming air. inside the enclosure.
Selon un aspect particulier de 1' invention, le dispositif comporte une cheminée de sortie qui est connectée à la sortie basse de l'enceinte et qui comprend des moyens de raccordement étanches à la sortie basse de l'enceinte de sorte à limiter l'air entrant dans l'enceinte. Selon un aspect particulier de l' invention, l'unité d'élimination d'impuretés comporte des moyens de craquage du gaz. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the device comprises an outlet chimney which is connected to the low output of the enclosure and which comprises sealed connection means to the low output of the enclosure so as to limit the air entering the enclosure. According to one particular aspect of the invention, the impurity removal unit comprises means for cracking the gas.
Selon un aspect particulier de 1' invention, l'unité d'élimination d'impuretés comporte des moyens de filtrage de poussières et de particules solides présentes dans le gaz.  According to a particular aspect of the invention, the impurity removal unit comprises means for filtering dust and solid particles present in the gas.
Selon un aspect particulier de 1' invention, les moyens de filtrage comportent un cyclone haute température ou un filtre céramique haute température ou un filtre à charbon actif.  According to a particular aspect of the invention, the filtering means comprise a high temperature cyclone or a high temperature ceramic filter or an activated carbon filter.
Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, le système d'épuration comporte un seul étage de purification.  According to a particular aspect of the invention, the purification system comprises a single purification stage.
Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, le système d'épuration comporte un appareil d'adsorption par inversion de pression.  According to a particular aspect of the invention, the purification system comprises a pressure reversal adsorption apparatus.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, dans lequel un gaz d' échappement du système d' épuration est utilisé par l'unité d'élimination pour traiter le gaz issu du traitement du produit.  According to a particular embodiment, in which an exhaust gas of the purification system is used by the elimination unit to treat the gas resulting from the treatment of the product.
Par ailleurs, l'invention concerne l'utilisation du dispositif précité à la valorisation d'un produit de type matière CSR ou matière polymériquè.  Moreover, the invention relates to the use of the above-mentioned device for the recovery of a product of CSR or polymeric material type.
Par ailleurs, l'invention concerne également un procédé de fabrication d'un gaz dihydrogène à partir d'un tel dispositif comprenant les étapes de :  Furthermore, the invention also relates to a method for producing a hydrogen gas from such a device comprising the steps of:
- pyrolyser le produit,  pyrolyze the product,
- éliminer les impuretés présentes dans le gaz. BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS  - eliminate the impurities present in the gas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
L' invention sera mieux comprise à la lumière de la description qui suit en référence aux figures annexées parmi lesquelles :  The invention will be better understood in the light of the description which follows with reference to the appended figures in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique d'un dispositif selon un mode de réalisation particulier non limitatif de 1' invention, FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a device according to a particular embodiment not limiting of the invention,
- la figure 2 est une vue schématique d'un four à craquage du dispositif illustré à la figure 1,  FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cracking furnace of the device illustrated in FIG. 1;
- la figure 3 est une vue schématique d'un four à craquage selon une variante du four illustré à la figure FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cracker oven according to a variant of the oven illustrated in FIG.
2. 2.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
En référencé à la figure 1, le dispositif selon un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention permet de produire un gaz dihydrogène par traitement thermique, ici par pyrolyse, d'un produit sous forme de solides divisés.  Referring to Figure 1, the device according to a particular embodiment of the invention can produce a hydrogen gas by heat treatment, here by pyrolysis, a product in the form of divided solids.
Le produit est par exemple formé de matière polymérique. Le produit est typiquement du plastique comprenant majoritairement du polyéthylène et du polytéréphtalate d'éthylène. De façon particulière, les solides divisés se présentent sous la forme de granulés en trois dimensions de type granules ou pellets. Les dimensions maximales desdits solides divisés sont de préférence comprises entre 2 et 30 millimètres.  The product is for example formed of polymeric material. The product is typically plastic mainly comprising polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate. In particular, the divided solids are in the form of granules in three-dimensional granules or pellets. The maximum dimensions of said divided solids are preferably between 2 and 30 millimeters.
Le dispositif selon l'invention comporte une enceinte 1, de direction générale essentiellement horizontale, qui est maintenue à distance du sol par des piètements (non représentés ici). L'enceinte 1 comporte une enveloppe externe, ici unitaire, qui est par exemple métallique, en particulier réalisée en acier inox amagnétique. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, l'enceinte 1 Comporte en outre ici une enveloppe interne unitaire en matériau réfractaire. Un caisson technique 3 est fixé à chacune des extrémités de l'enceinte 1.  The device according to the invention comprises an enclosure 1, of generally horizontal general direction, which is kept away from the ground by legs (not shown here). The enclosure 1 comprises an outer envelope, here unitary, which is for example metallic, in particular made of nonmagnetic stainless steel. According to a particular embodiment, the chamber 1 further comprises here a unitary inner envelope of refractory material. A technical box 3 is fixed at each end of the chamber 1.
L' enceinte 1 comporte ici une entrée 4 d'alimentation en produit de l'enceinte 1, entrée 4 qui est aménagée dans le couvercle de l'enceinte 1 sensiblement au niveau d'une première extrémité de l'enceinte 1. Bien entendu, le fond et le couvercle de l'enceinte 1 sont définis par rapport au sol sur lequel repose l'enceinte 1. The chamber 1 here comprises a product supply inlet 4 of the chamber 1, inlet 4 which is arranged in the enclosure of the enclosure 1 substantially at a first end of the enclosure 1. Of course, the bottom and the cover of the enclosure 1 are defined relative to the ground on which the enclosure 1 rests.
Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le dispositif comporte une cheminée d'entrée 5 qui est connectée à l'entrée 4 de l'enceinte.  According to a particular embodiment, the device comprises an inlet chimney 5 which is connected to the inlet 4 of the enclosure.
De préférence, la cheminée d'entrée 5 comporte des moyens de raccordement étanches 2 à l'entrée 4 de l'enceinte 1 de sorte à limiter l'air entrant dans l'enceinte 1, air qui réduirait le taux en dihydrogène du gaz en sortie d'enceinte ce qui n'est pas souhaité. Ces moyens de raccordement étanches 2 permettent également de contrôler le débit du produit versé dans l'enceinte 1. Lesdits moyens de raccordement étanches 2 comportent par exemple un sas hermétique agencé entre la cheminée d'entrée 5 et l'entrée 4 de l'enceinte 1 et commandé par des vannes.  Preferably, the inlet chimney 5 comprises sealed connection means 2 at the inlet 4 of the enclosure 1 so as to limit the air entering the enclosure 1, air which would reduce the hydrogen content of the gas in speaker output which is not desired. These sealed connection means 2 also make it possible to control the flow rate of the product poured into the enclosure 1. Said sealed connection means 2 comprise, for example, a hermetic lock arranged between the inlet chimney 5 and the inlet 4 of the enclosure 1 and controlled by valves.
La cheminée d' entrée 5 est par exemple connectée à une trémie d'alimentation ou encore à une unité de broyage, de compactage ou de granulation du produit en solides divisés ou encore à une unité de préconditionnement des solides divisés, une unité de préconditionnement permettant de chauffer et/ou de sécher les solides divisés à des valeurs prescrites de température et d'humidité relative ou encore de densifier lesdits solides divisés.  The inlet chimney 5 is for example connected to a feed hopper or to a crushing, compacting or granulating unit of the divided solids product or to a preconditioning unit of the divided solids, a preconditioning unit allowing heating and / or drying the divided solids to prescribed values of temperature and relative humidity or densifying said divided solids.
L'enceinte 1 comporte en outre une sortie basse € aménagée ici dans le fond de l'enceinte 1 sensiblement au niveau de la deuxième des deux extrémités de l'enceinte 1. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le dispositif comporte une cheminée de sortie 7 qui est connectée à la sortie basse 6 de l'enceinte 1.  The enclosure 1 furthermore comprises a low outlet € here arranged in the bottom of the enclosure 1 substantially at the level of the second of the two ends of the enclosure 1. According to a particular embodiment, the device comprises an outlet chimney 7 which is connected to the low output 6 of the enclosure 1.
De préférence, la cheminée de sortie 1 comporte des moyens de raccordement étanches 8 à la sortie basse 6 de l'enceinte 1 de sorte à limiter l'air entrant dans l'enceinte 1, air qui réduirait le taux en dihydrogène du gaz en sortie d'enceinte 1 ce qui n'est pas souhaité. Ces moyens de raccordement étanches 8 permettent également de contrôler le débit d' évacuation des résidus du produit traité thermiquement dans l'enceinte 1. Lesdits moyens de raccordement étanches 8 comportent par exemple un sas hermétique agencé entre la cheminée de sortie et la sortie basse et commandé par des vannes. Preferably, the outlet chimney 1 comprises sealed connection means 8 at the low outlet 6 of the enclosure 1 so as to limit the air entering the enclosure 1, air that would reduce the hydrogen content of the gas at the enclosure outlet 1 which is not desired. These sealed connection means 8 also make it possible to control the evacuation rate of the residues of the heat-treated product in the enclosure 1. Said sealed connection means 8 comprise, for example, a hermetic lock arranged between the outlet chimney and the low outlet and controlled by valves.
La cheminée de sortie 7 est par exemple connectée à une unité de refroidissement 9 des résidus soit dans un but de destruction des résidus soit dans un but de valorisation desdits résidus qui pourront par exemple être utilisés en tant que combustibles, moyennant éventuellement une ou plusieurs étapes de traitement supplémentaire.  The outlet chimney 7 is for example connected to a cooling unit 9 of the residues either for the purpose of destroying the residues or for the purpose of recovering said residues which may for example be used as fuels, possibly by means of one or more stages additional treatment.
Par ailleurs, le dispositif comprend des moyens de convoyage du produit entre l'entrée de l'enceinte et la sortie basse de l'enceinte. Lesdits moyens comportent ainsi une vis 10 qui s'étend ici dans l'enceinte 1 selon un axe géométrique X entre les deux caissons techniques 3 et qui est montée pour tourner autour dudit axe géométrique X dans l'enceinte 1. La vis 10 est par exemple en acier inoxydable réfractaire. La vis 10 est ainsi résistante à de hautes températures typiquement comprises entre 700 et 1200 degrés. La vis 10 a ici une forme de serpentin hélicoïdal qui est fixé, par exemple par soudure, à ses deux extrémités en bout d'un tronçon d'arbre. Chacun desdits tronçon d'arbre est relié à son autre extrémité, par le biais d'une bride, à un arbre coaxial qui traverse le caisson technique d'extrémité associé.  Furthermore, the device comprises means for conveying the product between the inlet of the enclosure and the low output of the enclosure. Said means thus comprise a screw 10 which extends here in the enclosure 1 along a geometric axis X between the two technical boxes 3 and which is mounted to rotate around said geometric axis X in the enclosure 1. The screw 10 is example in refractory stainless steel. The screw 10 is thus resistant to high temperatures typically between 700 and 1200 degrees. The screw 10 here has a helical coil shape which is fixed, for example by welding, at its two ends at the end of a shaft section. Each of said shaft sections is connected at its other end, via a flange, to a coaxial shaft which passes through the associated end box.
Les moyens de convoyage comportent en outre des moyens d'entraînement en rotation de la vis 10 autour de l'axe géométrique X qui sont ici agencés dans l'un des caissons techniques 3. Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, les moyens d'entraînement en rotation comportent un moteur électrique 14 et des moyens de liaison mécanique entre l'arbre de sortie du moteur et une extrémité de l'arbre coaxial associé, l'arbre coaxial entraînant lui-même la vis 10. Les moyens d'entraînement en rotation comportent ici des moyens de contrôle de la vitesse de rotation de l'arbre de sortie du moteur qui comprennent par exemple un variateur de vitesses. Les moyens de contrôle permettent ainsi d' adapter la vitesse de rotation de la vis 10 au produit convoyé c'est-à-dire d'adapter le temps de séjour du produit dans l'enceinte 1. The conveying means further comprise means for driving the screw 10 around the geometric axis X, which are here arranged in one of the technical boxes 3. According to a particular aspect of the invention, the rotary drive means comprise an electric motor 14 and mechanical connection means between the output shaft of the motor and an end of the associated coaxial shaft, the coaxial shaft itself driving the screw 10. The rotational drive means here comprise means for controlling the rotational speed of the output shaft of the motor which comprise for example a speed variator. The control means thus make it possible to adapt the speed of rotation of the screw 10 to the conveyed product, that is to say to adapt the residence time of the product in the enclosure 1.
Le dispositif comporte en outre des moyens de chauffage par effet Joule de la vis 10 qui sont ici agencés dans les caissons techniques 3. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, les moyens de chauffage comportent des moyens de génération d'un courant électrique et des moyens de raccordement des deux extrémités de la vis aux deux polarités desdits moyens de génération. A cet effet, chaque arbre coaxial est rigidement solidaire d'un tambour coaxial en matériau électriquement conducteur, sur lequel frottent des charbons d'amenée du courant électrique, reliés par des fils conducteurs (non représentés ici) aux moyens de génération d'un courant électrique. La vis 10 est ainsi traversée par la même intensité tout le long de l'axe géométrique X.  The device further comprises heating means by Joule effect of the screw 10 which are here arranged in the technical boxes 3. According to a particular embodiment, the heating means comprise means for generating an electric current and means connecting the two ends of the screw to the two polarities of said generating means. For this purpose, each coaxial shaft is rigidly secured to a coaxial drum made of electrically conductive material, on which electrically powered supply coals, connected by conducting wires (not shown here), rub with current generation means. electric. The screw 10 is thus traversed by the same intensity all along the geometric axis X.
De préférence, la vis 10 est conformée de sorte à avoir une résistance électrique variant le long de son axe X et permettant ainsi d'offrir simultanément des zones de chauffages différentes le long de son axe X. De façon particulière, la vis 10 est ainsi conformée de sorte à avoir un profil de température tel que la température en entrée 4 de lr enceinte 1 soit supérieure à la température en sortie 6, 11 de l'enceinte 1. Ceci permet de limiter le collage des solides divisés en matière plastique sur la spire de la vis 10 à leur entrée dans l'enceinte 1 du fait de la fonte desdits solides divisés sous l'action du chauffage de la vis 10. Preferably, the screw 10 is shaped so as to have an electrical resistance varying along its axis X and thus making it possible to simultaneously offer different heating zones along its axis X. In particular, the screw 10 is thus shaped so as to have a temperature profile such that the inlet temperature of 4 r chamber 1 is higher than the temperature at the outlet 6, 11 of the chamber 1. This it makes it possible to limit the bonding of the solids divided in plastic material to the turn of the screw 10 at their entry into the enclosure 1 due to the melting of said divided solids by the action of the heating of the screw 10.
Selon un aspect particulier de 1' invention, les moyens de chauffage comportent des moyens de régulation de l'intensité du courant électrique traversant la vis 10. Les moyens de régulation comportent ici un gradateur interposé entre les moyens de génération du courant électrique et les moyens de raccordement. Les moyens de régulation permettent ainsi d'adapter l'intensité électrique traversant la vis 10 au produit convoyé.  According to a particular aspect of the invention, the heating means comprise means for regulating the intensity of the electric current flowing through the screw 10. The regulating means here comprise a dimmer interposed between the means for generating the electric current and the means connection. The regulating means thus make it possible to adapt the electrical intensity passing through the screw 10 to the product conveyed.
L'enceinte 1, les moyens de convoyage et les moyens d'alimentation forment donc ainsi ici un réacteur de pyrolyse pour le produit introduit dans l'enceinte 1.  The enclosure 1, the conveying means and the supply means thus form here a pyrolysis reactor for the product introduced into the enclosure 1.
Par ailleurs, l'enceinte 1 comporte également une sortie haute 11 pour l'extraction des gaz issus de la pyrolyse du produit, ladite sortie haute 11 étant aménagée ici dans le couvercle de l'enceinte 1 sensiblement au niveau de la deuxième des deux extrémités de l'enceinte 1. La sortie haute 11 est ici légèrement en amont de la sortie basse de l'enceinte 1 relativement à l'entrée 4 de l'enceinte.  Moreover, the chamber 1 also comprises a high output 11 for the extraction of the gases resulting from the pyrolysis of the product, said high output 11 being arranged here in the cover of the enclosure 1 substantially at the level of the second of the two ends. of the enclosure 1. The high output 11 is here slightly upstream of the low output of the chamber 1 relative to the input 4 of the enclosure.
Le dispositif comporte en outre une unité d'élimination 12 d'impuretés présentes dans le gaz. Ladite unité 12 est raccordée à la sortie haute 11 de sorte que le gaz soit extrait en continu de l'enceinte 1 (au contraire de l'entrée 4 et de la sortie basse 6 qui sont conformées de sorte que l'alimentation en produit et l'évacuation des résidus puissent se faire de façon discontinue) .  The device further comprises a unit 12 for removing impurities present in the gas. Said unit 12 is connected to the upper outlet 11 so that the gas is continuously withdrawn from the enclosure 1 (in contrast to the inlet 4 and the low outlet 6 which are shaped so that the supply of product and residues may be evacuated intermittently).
Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, l'unité d'élimination 12 d'impuretés comporte des moyens de craquage du gaz qui sont ici directement raccordés à la sortie haute 11 de l'enceinte 1. Ces moyens de craquage vont permettre de craquer les goudrons et les phases huileuses présents dans le gaz de sorte à récupérer en sortie des moyens de craquage un gaz plus propre. According to one particular aspect of the invention, the impurity removal unit 12 comprises gas cracking means which are here directly connected to the upper outlet 11 of the enclosure 1. These cracking means will make it possible to crack the tars and oily phases present in the gas so as to recover at the outlet of the cracking means a cleaner gas.
Les moyens de craquage comportent par exemple un four de craquage 13.  The cracking means comprise for example a cracking furnace 13.
En référence à la figure 1, le four de craquage 13 comporte un bâti 14 tubulaire d'axe Y vertical. Le bâti 14 est ici également conformée de sorte à présenter une section circulaire (section ayant pour normale l'axe Y) - Referring to Figure 1, the cracking furnace 13 comprises a tubular frame 14 of vertical Y axis. The frame 14 is here also shaped so as to have a circular section (section having normal Y axis) -
La bâti 14 comporte une entrée 15 pour l' introduction du gaz à traiter, entrée 15 qui est ici raccordée à la sortie 11 de l'enceinte 1. The frame 14 has an inlet 15 for the introduction of the gas to be treated, inlet 15 which is here connected to the outlet 11 of the enclosure 1.
Le bâti 14 comporte par ailleurs une sortie 16 par laquelle est évacué le gaz. L'entrée 15 est agencée en partie basse du bâti 15 et la sortie 16 est agencée en partie haute du bâti 15.  The frame 14 further comprises an outlet 16 through which the gas is evacuated. The inlet 15 is arranged in the lower part of the frame 15 and the outlet 16 is arranged in the upper part of the frame 15.
De façon particulière, l'entrée 15 s'étend sensiblement tangentiellement au bâti 14. L'entrée 15 est donc agencée de sorte à faire pénétrer le gaz dans le bâti 14 le long de la paroi interne du bâti 14. Ceci permet de générer un effet cyclonique de sorte que le gaz s'écoule hélicoïdalement dans le bâti 14. Ceci favorise le traitement du gaz.  In particular, the inlet 15 extends substantially tangentially to the frame 14. The inlet 15 is arranged so as to penetrate the gas into the frame 14 along the inner wall of the frame 14. This allows to generate a cyclonic effect so that the gas flows helically in the frame 14. This promotes the treatment of the gas.
De préférence, la sortie 16 est également agencée tangentiellement au bâti 14. De préférence, l'entrée 15 et la sortie 16 sont agencées à l'opposée l'une de l'autre, selon la direction radiale, relativement au bâti 14 afin de faciliter la circulation du gaz à traiter dans tout le bâti 14.  Preferably, the outlet 16 is also arranged tangentially to the frame 14. Preferably, the inlet 15 and the outlet 16 are arranged opposite one another, in the radial direction, relative to the frame 14 in order to facilitate the circulation of the gas to be treated throughout the building 14.
De façon privilégiée, le bâti 14 est en matériau réfractaire. Les parois internes du bâti 14 présentent donc de bonnes propriétés de rayonnement thermique. Plus précisément ici, le bâti 14 est en céramique. La céramique choisie pour le bâti 14 présente de préférence une densité de puissance surfacique comprise entre 10 et 50 kilowatt par mètre carré. La céramique choisie est par exemple de l'alumine. Le matériau du bâti 14 peut être aussi du béton réfractaire résistant à une température d'au moins 1400°C. Le four de craquage 13 comporte par ailleurs des moyens d'évacuation de particules solides éventuellement parasites, telles que des poussières, contenues dans le gaz à traiter. La demanderesse a pu constater qu'en réalité une partie importante de ces particules solides était des particules de carbone semi- cristallin formées par le procédé de craquage lui-même. Le dispositif permet donc une production de particules de carbone semi-cristallin (à partir d'un produit initial à base de CSR ou de déchets plastiques) qui peuvent ensuite être éventuellement valorisées. In a preferred manner, the frame 14 is made of refractory material. The internal walls of the frame 14 therefore have good thermal radiation properties. More specifically here, the frame 14 is ceramic. The The ceramic chosen for frame 14 preferably has a pfd density of 10 to 50 kilowatts per square meter. The ceramic chosen is for example alumina. The material of the frame 14 may also be refractory concrete resistant to a temperature of at least 1400 ° C. The cracking furnace 13 furthermore comprises means for evacuating potentially parasitic solid particles, such as dust, contained in the gas to be treated. The Applicant has found that in fact a large part of these solid particles was semi-crystalline carbon particles formed by the cracking process itself. The device therefore allows a production of semi-crystalline carbon particles (from an initial product based on CSR or plastic waste) which can then be optionally recovered.
A cet effet, les moyens d'évacuation comportent ici une conduite d'évacuation 40 et une vanne 41, par exemple de type rotative, guillotine ou à double sas, agencée dans ladite conduite d'évacuation 40. La vanne 41 permet d'assurer une étanchéité du bâti 14 afin de limiter l'entrée d'oxygène par la conduite d'évacuation 40 dans le bâti 14, oxygène qui nuirait au craquage. La conduite d'évacuation 6 s'étend ici depuis le fond 42 du bâti 42 vers l'extérieur du bâti 14. La conduite d'évacuation 40 est ici agencée de sorte à déboucher à une extrémité sensiblement au centre dudit fond 42 du bâti 14. La conduite d'évacuation 40 s'étend ici selon l'axe Y.  For this purpose, the evacuation means here comprise a discharge line 40 and a valve 41, for example of the rotary type, guillotine or double lock, arranged in said discharge line 40. The valve 41 ensures sealing the frame 14 to limit the oxygen input through the exhaust pipe 40 in the frame 14, oxygen which would be detrimental to cracking. The evacuation duct 6 extends here from the bottom 42 of the frame 42 towards the outside of the frame 14. The evacuation duct 40 is here arranged so as to open at an end substantially in the center of said bottom 42 of the frame 14 The exhaust pipe 40 extends here along the Y axis.
Il suffit donc simplement d'ouvrir la vanne 40 pour laisser tomber les particules solides hors du bâti 14. De préférence, le fond 42 du bâti 14 est concave de sorte à former un entonnoir permettant non seulement un meilleur stockage des particules solides mais également une évacuation facilitée de ces particules par la conduite d'évacuation 40 débouchant dans cet entonnoir. De plus, le four de craquage 13 comporte des moyens de chauffage dudit gaz à traiter qui comprennent notamment un tube de chauffage 17. Le tube de chauffage 17 est conformé de sorte à s'étendre verticalement selon lraxe Y dans le bâti 14, coaxialement audit bâti 14. Le tube de chauffage 17 est ici également conformé de sorte à présenter une section circulaire {section ayant pour normale l'axe Y) . Ainsi, le bâti 14 et le tube de chauffage 17 délimitent entre eux un espace intérieur de section annulaire (section ayant pour normale l'axe Y) formant une zone de traitement 43 du gaz. Par ailleurs, le tube de chauffage 17 est conformé de sorte que son extrémité inférieure 44 est fermée et agencée à l'intérieur du bâti 14 sans toutefois toucher le fond 42 du bâti 14. Ceci facilite le dépôt des particules solides sur le fond 42 du bâti facilitant leur évacuation. It is therefore enough simply to open the valve 40 to drop the solid particles out of the frame 14. Preferably, the bottom 42 of the frame 14 is concave so as to form a funnel allowing not only a better storage of solid particles but also a facilitated evacuation of these particles through the evacuation pipe 40 opening into this funnel. In addition, the cracking furnace 13 comprises means for heating said gas to be treated which include a heating tube 17. The heating tube 17 is shaped so as to extend vertically along the r axis Y in the frame 14, coaxially with said frame 14. The heating tube 17 is here also shaped so as to have a circular section {section having normal Y axis). Thus, the frame 14 and the heating tube 17 delimit between them an interior space of annular section (section having normal Y axis) forming a treatment zone 43 of the gas. Furthermore, the heating tube 17 is shaped so that its lower end 44 is closed and arranged inside the frame 14 without touching the bottom 42 of the frame 14. This facilitates the deposition of the solid particles on the bottom 42 of the built facilitating their evacuation.
Le tube de chauffage 17 présente toutefois une hauteur, prise selon l'axe Y, proche de celle du bâti 14 typiquement comprise entre 90 et 99 % de la hauteur de du bâti 14. L'extrémité supérieure 45 du tube de chauffage débouche quant à elle hors du bâti 14, au-dessus du plafond 46 du bâti 14.  The heating tube 17, however, has a height, taken along the Y axis, close to that of the frame 14 typically between 90 and 99% of the height of the frame 14. The upper end 45 of the heating tube leads to it out of the frame 14, above the ceiling 46 of the frame 14.
De façon privilégiée, le tube de chauffage 17 est en céramique. La céramique choisie présente de préférence une densité de puissance surfacique comprise entre 10 et 50 kilowatt par mètre carré. La céramique choisie est par exemple de l'alumine.  In a preferred manner, the heating tube 17 is made of ceramic. The ceramic chosen preferably has a pfd density of between 10 and 50 kilowatts per square meter. The ceramic chosen is for example alumina.
Les moyens de chauffage comportent en outre une conduite d'entrée 47 d'un combustible de chauffage (gaz naturel, fuel, gaz de synthèse épuré, ou encore gaz traité par le présent four de craquage 13 dont une partie est prélevée au niveau de la sortie 16 du four de craquage 13 pour alimenter la conduite d'entrée 47, ou encore gaz récupéré à un autre endroit amont ou aval du dispositif ...) raccordé à un brûleur 48 desdits moyens de chauffage, brûleur 48 lui-même raccordé à l'extrémité supérieure 46 du tube de chauffage 17. Les moyens de chauffage comportent également une conduite de sortie 49 du combustible brûlé également raccordée à l'extrémité supérieure 45 du tube de chauffage 17. The heating means further comprise an inlet pipe 47 of a heating fuel (natural gas, fuel oil, purified synthesis gas, or gas treated by the present cracking furnace 13, a part of which is taken at the level of the output 16 of the cracking furnace 13 to feed the inlet pipe 47, or gas recovered at another place upstream or downstream of the device ...) connected to a burner 48 of said means for heating, burner 48 itself connected to the upper end 46 of the heating tube 17. The heating means also comprise an outlet line 49 of the burned fuel also connected to the upper end 45 of the heating tube 17.
De préférence, les moyens de chauffage utilisent d' abord un combustible de chauffage extérieur au four de craquage 13 pour initialiser le chauffage du tube de chauffage 17 (de type gaz naturel, fuel, gaz de synthèse épuré ..,) et une fois le traitement du gaz débuté, les moyens de chauffage prélèvent une partie du gaz d'échappement E en sortie du système d'épuration (ici de l'étage d'épuration 21) pour assurer le chauffage du tube de chauffage 17 (comme nous le verrons par la suite) .  Preferably, the heating means first use a heating fuel outside the cracking furnace 13 to initialize the heating of the heating tube 17 (natural gas type, fuel oil, purified synthesis gas, etc.) and once the treatment of the gas started, the heating means take part of the exhaust gas E at the outlet of the purification system (here of the purification stage 21) to ensure the heating of the heating tube 17 (as we shall see thereafter).
De la sorte, le four de craquage 13 s'avère relativement autonome et ne requiert un combustible extérieur que pour initialiser le début du craquage.  In this way, the cracking furnace 13 is relatively independent and requires an external fuel only to initiate the start of cracking.
Le combustible extérieur pourra également être utilisé en cours de fonctionnement, lorsque le simple prélèvement du gaz traité en sortie 16 du four de craquage 13 n'est pas suffisant pour alimenter le brûleur.  The external fuel may also be used during operation, when the simple withdrawal of the treated gas at the outlet 16 of the cracking furnace 13 is not sufficient to supply the burner.
On constate donc que le chauffage du gaz à traiter est indirect puisqu'il n'y a pas de contact physique entre le gaz de chauffage ou le combustible et le gaz à traiter : seuls le tube de chauffage 17 et les parois internes réfractaires du bâti 14 permettent de chauffer le gaz à traiter.  It is therefore found that the heating of the gas to be treated is indirect since there is no physical contact between the heating gas or the fuel and the gas to be treated: only the heating tube 17 and the refractory inner walls of the frame 14 allow to heat the gas to be treated.
La configuration particulière du bâti 14 et du tube de chauffage 17 associé permet ainsi de définir une zone de traitement 43 étroite dans lequel le gaz à traiter se retrouve confiné tout au long de sa traversée du bâti 14, zone de traitement 43 chauffée extérieurement par les parois réfractaires internes du bâti 14 et chauffée intérieurement par le tube de chauffage 17. Ceci permet d'obtenir un chauffage homogène du gaz à traiter dans toute la zone de traitement assurant ainsi un bon craquage des phases huiles et des goudrons indésirables. The particular configuration of the frame 14 and the associated heating tube 17 thus makes it possible to define a narrow treatment zone 43 in which the gas to be treated is confined throughout its passage through the frame 14, treatment zone 43 heated externally by the internal refractory walls of the frame 14 and heated internally by the heating tube 17. This allows to obtain a homogeneous heating of the gas to be treated throughout the treatment zone thus ensuring a good cracking of the oil phases and undesirable tars.
En référence à la figure 3, en variante, les moyens d'évacuation des particules solides ne comportent plus de conduite d' évacuation et de vanne associée mais un filtre 150 s' étendant verticalement selon l'axe Y dans le bâti 114, coaxialement audit bâti 114 et au tube de chauffage 117, de sorte que le tube de chauffage 117 s'étende à l'intérieur du filtre 150 dans le bâti 114. Le filtre 150 est ici également conformé de sorte à présenter une section circulaire (section ayant pour normale l'axe Y). Le filtre 150 a une hauteur égale à celle du bâti 114 de sorte à être solidaire d'une part du plafond 146 du bâti 114 et d'autre part du fond 142 du bâti 114.  With reference to FIG. 3, as a variant, the means for evacuating the solid particles no longer comprise an evacuation pipe and associated valve, but a filter 150 extending vertically along the Y axis in the frame 114, coaxially with said pipe frame 114 and the heating tube 117, so that the heating tube 117 extends inside the filter 150 in the frame 114. The filter 150 is here also shaped so as to have a circular section (section having normal Y axis). The filter 150 has a height equal to that of the frame 114 so as to be integral on the one hand with the ceiling 146 of the frame 114 and on the other hand with the bottom 142 of the frame 114.
De la sorte, le bâti 114 et le tube de chauffage 117 délimitent toujours entre eux un espace intérieur formant une zone de traitement 143 du gaz mais le filtre 150 et le tube de chauffage 117 délimitent en outre également entre eux une zone de filtrage 151 du gaz.  In this way, the frame 114 and the heating tube 117 always delimit between them an internal space forming a treatment zone 143 of the gas, but the filter 150 and the heating tube 117 also delimit between them a filtering zone 151 of the gas.
Le filtre 150 est par exemple en céramique.  The filter 150 is for example ceramic.
L'entrée 115 du bâti 114 est ici conformée pour déboucher directement dans ladite zone de filtrage 151 du gaz. A cet effet, l'entrée 115 débouche au niveau du fond 142 du bâti 114 dans ladite zone de filtrage 151. Quant à la sortie 116, elle est conformée pour déboucher dans la zone de traitement 143 mais à l'extérieur de la zone de filtrage 151.  The inlet 115 of the frame 114 is here shaped to open directly into said filtering zone 151 of the gas. For this purpose, the inlet 115 opens at the bottom 142 of the frame 114 in the said filtering zone 151. As for the outlet 116, it is shaped to open into the treatment zone 143 but outside the zone. filtering 151.
Dans les deux variantes, le four de craquage est ici conformé pour soumettre le gaz à une température comprise entre 1000°C (degrés Celsius) et 1700°C, et de préférence entre 1000°C et 1200°C. Le four de craquage 13 est préférentiellement conformé pour soumettre le gaz à une température d'environ 1050°C à 1200°C. Ceci va permettre non seulement d'éliminer goudrons et phases huileuses du gaz mais également d'enrichir le gaz en dihydrogène. En effet, du fait de la température élevée, le méthane présent dans le gaz va également réagir grâce à la présence d'autres molécules au cours du craquage ce qui va permettre d'augmenter la proportion de dihydrogène dans le gaz. In both variants, the cracking furnace is here shaped to subject the gas to a temperature between 1000 ° C (degrees Celsius) and 1700 ° C, and preferably between 1000 ° C and 1200 ° C. The cracking furnace 13 is preferably shaped to subject the gas to a temperature of about 1050 ° C to 1200 ° C. This will not only eliminate tars and oily phases of the gas but also enrich the gas dihydrogen. Indeed, because of the high temperature, the methane present in the gas will also react with the presence of other molecules during cracking which will increase the proportion of dihydrogen in the gas.
Par ailleurs, le four de craquage 13 est ici conformé pour que le gaz traverse le bâti 14 avec un temps de séjour court (typiquement entre 0,5 et 2 secondes) .  Furthermore, the cracking furnace 13 is here shaped so that the gas passes through the frame 14 with a short residence time (typically between 0.5 and 2 seconds).
L'unité d'élimination 12 comporte en outre ici également des moyens de filtrage 19 qui sont par exemple directement raccordés à la sortie du four de craquage 13 afin d' éliminer poussières et particules solides encore présentes dans le gaz en particulier d'éliminer les particules de carbone semi-cristallin présentes dans le gaz. Les moyens de filtrage 19 comportent typiquement un cyclone haute température et/ou un filtre haute température (tel qu'un filtre céramique) et/ou un filtre à charbon actif agencé en travers de la canalisation raccordée à la sortie du four de craquage 13. Le cyclone et/ou le filtre est ainsi résistant à de hautes températures typiquement comprises entre 600 et 1000 degrés Celsius.  The elimination unit 12 furthermore also comprises filtering means 19 which are, for example, directly connected to the outlet of the cracking oven 13 in order to eliminate dust and solid particles still present in the gas, in particular to eliminate the semi-crystalline carbon particles present in the gas. The filtering means 19 typically comprise a high temperature cyclone and / or a high temperature filter (such as a ceramic filter) and / or an activated carbon filter arranged across the pipe connected to the outlet of the cracking furnace 13. The cyclone and / or the filter is thus resistant to high temperatures typically between 600 and 1000 degrees Celsius.
De préférence, l'unité d'élimination 12 comporte également un échangeur thermique 20 directement raccordé aux moyens de filtrage 19 (en amont ou en aval des moyens de filtrage 19 selon la température à laquelle peuvent travailler lesdits moyens de filtrage 19) ce qui permet ici de refroidir le gaz à une température compatible avec l'aval du dispositif. La température du gaz en sortie de 1' échangeur thermique 20 est située entre 500°C et 1000°C et à une pression légèrement inférieure à la pression atmosphérique. En sortie de l'unité d'élimination 12, le gaz présente déjà un fort taux en dihydrogène compris entre 55 et 65 % du volume total dans le cas du traitement de matière CSR ou plastique (mais entre 20 et 40% dans le cas du traitement de biomasse) . Preferably, the elimination unit 12 also comprises a heat exchanger 20 directly connected to the filtering means 19 (upstream or downstream of the filtering means 19 depending on the temperature at which said filtering means 19 can work), which allows here to cool the gas to a temperature compatible with the downstream of the device. The temperature of the gas at the outlet of the heat exchanger 20 is between 500 ° C. and 1000 ° C. and at a pressure slightly below atmospheric pressure. At the outlet of the elimination unit 12, the gas already has a high dihydrogen content between 55 and 65% of the total volume in the case of the treatment of CSR or plastic material (but between 20 and 40% in the case of biomass treatment).
Par ailleurs, le dispositif comporte un système d'épuration en dihydrogène 21 du gaz en sortie de l'unité d' élimination 12. Le système d' épuration en dihydrogène 21 est ici directement raccordé à la sortie de l'échangeur thermique 20.  Furthermore, the device comprises a system for purifying dihydrogen 21 from the gas leaving the elimination unit 12. The dihydrogen purification system 21 is here directly connected to the outlet of the heat exchanger 20.
Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, le système d' épuration 21 comporte un étage de préparation du gaz et un étage de purification du gaz.  According to a particular aspect of the invention, the purification system 21 comprises a gas preparation stage and a gas purification stage.
L'étage de préparation comporte par exemple des premiers moyens de séchage du gaz 30 qui sont raccordés à la sortie de l'unité d'élimination 12.  The preparation stage comprises, for example, first gas drying means 30 which are connected to the outlet of the elimination unit 12.
L'étage de préparation comprend également des moyens de mise sous pression du gaz, typiquement à l'aide d'un surpresseur 31. Le surpresseur 31 est typiquement raccordé aux moyens de séchage du gaz 30.  The preparation stage also comprises means for pressurizing the gas, typically using a booster 31. The booster 31 is typically connected to the gas drying means 30.
L'étage de préparation comprend également un compresseur 32 raccordé à la sortie du surpresseur 31 ainsi que des deuxièmes moyens de séchage du gaz 33 qui sont raccordés à la sortie du compresseur 32.  The stage of preparation also comprises a compressor 32 connected to the outlet of the booster 31 as well as second gas drying means 33 which are connected to the outlet of the compressor 32.
Cette étape de préparation permet typiquement de retirer l'eau présente dans le gaz et également de comprimer lé gaz avant son arrivée dans l'étage de purification.  This preparation step typically makes it possible to remove the water present in the gas and also to compress the gas before it arrives in the purification stage.
De façon particulière, l'étage de purification du gaz comporte un appareil d'adsorption par inversion de pression 34 qui est directement raccordé à la sortie de l'étage de préparation du gaz.  In particular, the gas purification stage comprises a pressure reversal adsorption apparatus 34 which is directly connected to the outlet of the gas preparation stage.
Geci va permettre de retirer quasiment en totalité, en une seule opération, non seulement le méthane, mais également le monoxyde de carbone ainsi que le dioxyde de carbone et d'autres composants minoritaires (comme de l'eau par exemple) encore présents dans le gaz. This will make it possible to remove almost entirely, in a single operation, not only the methane, but also the carbon monoxide as well as carbon dioxide and other minority components (such as water) still present in the gas.
En sortie de l'étage de purification, c'est-à- dire en sortie du système d'épuration 21, on récupère ainsi un gaz dihydrogène G très pur. Typiquement le gaz G en sortie du système d'épuration comprend plus de 99,9 % de dihydrogène en volume.  At the outlet of the purification stage, that is to say at the outlet of the purification system 21, a very pure hydrogen gas G is thus recovered. Typically the gas G at the outlet of the purification system comprises more than 99.9% of hydrogen by volume.
On note que le gaz dihydrogène G en sortie de l'appareil d' adsorption par inversion de pression 34 est suffisamment pur pour pouvoir être directement stocké ou utilisé. On n'a donc besoin d'aucune autre machine de type machine par séparation membranaire à la suite de 1' appareil d' adsorption par inversion de pression 34.  It is noted that the dihydrogen gas G at the outlet of the pressure reversal adsorption apparatus 34 is sufficiently pure to be directly stored or used. There is therefore no need for any other machine-type machine by membrane separation as a result of the pressure reversal adsorption apparatus 34.
On note également que l'appareil d' adsorption par inversion de pression 34 permet l'obtention de gaz d'échappement E plus pauvre en dihydrogène (de l'ordre de 25% en volume malgré tout) qui peut être valorisé par exemple en étant réutilisé par le four de craquage 13 (comme déjà indiqué précédemment) ou encore en étant utilisé dans le domaine énergétique du fait de sa teneur en méthane. Pour des besoins d'optimisation énergétique, on pourra par exemple produire de l'électricité à partir de la combustion de ce gaz dans un moteur à gaz.  It is also noted that the pressure reversal adsorption apparatus 34 makes it possible to obtain exhaust gas E which is poor in hydrogen (in the order of 25% by volume, in spite of everything) which can be recovered for example by being reused by the cracking furnace 13 (as already indicated above) or still being used in the energy field because of its methane content. For energy optimization purposes, it will for example be possible to produce electricity from the combustion of this gas in a gas engine.
Le procédé de fabrication de dihydrogène à l'aide du dispositif précité va être à présent décrit.  The method of manufacturing dihydrogen using the aforementioned device will now be described.
Tout d'abord, le produit à traiter est introduit dans la cheminée d' entrée 5 sous forme de solides divisés et la vis 10 pousse de façon continue les solides divisés vers la sortie basse 6 de l'enceinte 1. Du fait de la température de la vis 10, les solides divisés se ramollissent progressivement jusqu'à fondre ce qui va générer du gaz déjà chargé en dihydrogène.  Firstly, the product to be treated is introduced into the inlet stack 5 in the form of divided solids and the screw 10 continuously pushes the divided solids towards the bottom outlet 6 of the enclosure 1. Due to the temperature of the screw 10, the divided solids gradually soften to melt which will generate gas already loaded dihydrogen.
La vis 10 assure ainsi à la fois un traitement thermique du produit et le convoyage du produit.  The screw 10 thus ensures both a thermal treatment of the product and the conveying of the product.
De préférence, le traitement thermique du produit se fait à haute température dans l'enceinte 1, typiquement entre 500 et 1000 degrés Celsius et préférentiellement entre 600 et 800 degrés Celsius. Preferably, the heat treatment of the product is at high temperature in the chamber 1, typically between 500 and 1000 degrees Celsius and preferably between 600 and 800 degrees Celsius.
De préférence, le dispositif est conformé de sorte que le produit demeure entre 10 et 30 minutes dans l'enceinte et encore plus préférentiellement entre 15 et 20 minutes.  Preferably, the device is shaped so that the product remains between 10 and 30 minutes in the chamber and even more preferably between 15 and 20 minutes.
Ceci permet donc de pyrolyser efficacement le produit et ainsi de récupérer en sortie haute 11 de l'enceinte 1 un gaz déjà très chargé en dihydrogène.  This therefore makes it possible to pyrolyze the product effectively and thus to recover at the top outlet 11 of the vessel 1 a gas already heavily loaded with dihydrogen.
Les résidus carbonés du produit sont alors évacués au niveau de la sortie basse 6.  The carbonaceous residues of the product are then evacuated at the low outlet 6.
Par ailleurs, le gaz extrait en sortie haute 11 de l'enceinte 1 est introduit dans le four de craquage 13 par l'entrée 15. Parallèlement, le brûleur 48 assure une combustion du combustible de chauffage ce qui génère l'évacuation d'un gaz de chauffage {symbolisé par des triangles dans la figure 2) dans le tube de chauffage 17. Ledit gaz de chauffage vient alors descendre dans le tube de chauffage 17 avant de remonter naturellement vers l'extrémité supérieure 15 dû tube de chauffage 17 où il est évacué par la conduite de sortie 16 vers l'extérieur du four de craquage 13. La présence et le mouvement du gaz de chauffage permet de chauffer efficacement le tube de chauffage 17 sur toute sa hauteur ce qui entraîne un chauffage de la zone de traitement 43 par convection (au niveau du tube de chauffage 17) et par rayonnement (de par le matériau particulier constituant le bâti 14) . Le gaz à traiter est donc efficacement, rapidement et uniformément chauffé à la température nécessaire au craquage thermique des huiles et goudrons présents dans ledit gaz mais également du méthane pour provoquer un enrichissement en dihydrogène du gaz. Le four de craquage 13 chauffe ainsi ici le gaz à une température d'environ 1500°C. Le gaz à traiter circule naturellement, et avantageusement de manière hélicoïdal grâce à l'effet cyclonique engendré par la disposition tangentielle de l'entrée 15, dans le four de craquage 13 entre l'entrée 15 basse du bâti 14 et la sortie 16 haute du bâti 14 dans toute la zone de traitement 43 ce qui lui laisse le temps d'être correctement traité avant d'être évacué du bâti 14 au niveau de la sortie 16. On récupère ainsi en sortie du four de craquage 13 un gaz comprenant environ 60% de dihydrogène en volume. Furthermore, the gas extracted at the top outlet 11 of the chamber 1 is introduced into the cracking furnace 13 via the inlet 15. At the same time, the burner 48 provides combustion of the heating fuel, which generates the evacuation of a heating gas (symbolized by triangles in Figure 2) in the heating tube 17. Said heating gas then descends into the heating tube 17 before going back naturally to the upper end 15 of the heating tube 17 where it is discharged through the outlet duct 16 to the outside of the cracking furnace 13. The presence and movement of the heating gas effectively heats the heating tube 17 over its entire height which results in heating of the treatment zone 43 by convection (at the heating tube 17) and by radiation (due to the particular material constituting the frame 14). The gas to be treated is efficiently, rapidly and uniformly heated to the temperature necessary for the thermal cracking of the oils and tars present in said gas, but also methane to cause a hydrogen enrichment of the gas. The cracking furnace 13 thereby heats the gas at a temperature of about 1500 ° C. The gas to be treated circulates naturally, and advantageously in a helical manner thanks to the cyclonic effect generated by the tangential arrangement of the inlet 15, in the cracking furnace 13 between the low inlet 15 of the frame 14 and the high outlet 16 of the frame 14 throughout the treatment zone 43 which leaves the time to be properly treated before being removed from the frame 14 at the outlet 16. Thus is recovered at the output of the cracking furnace 13 a gas comprising about 60 % of hydrogen by volume.
Le gaz traverse alors le reste de l'unité d'élimination 12. On récupère ainsi un gaz plus propre en sortie de ladite unité d'élimination 12 et enrichi en dihydrogène. On récupère ainsi en sortie de l'unité d'élimination 12 Un gaz comprenant environ 60% de dihydrogène en volume.  The gas then passes through the remainder of the elimination unit 12. Thus, a cleaner gas is recovered at the outlet of said elimination unit 12 and enriched in hydrogen. Thus, at the outlet of the elimination unit 12, a gas comprising approximately 60% of hydrogen by volume is recovered.
Puis le gaz traverse le système d' épuration 21 qui va permettre de retirer à son tour successivement eau, dioxyde de carbone, diazote et méthane. On récupère ainsi en sortie du dispositif un gaz G plus pur en ce qui concerne le taux de dihydrogène.  Then the gas passes through the purification system 21 which will in turn successively remove water, carbon dioxide, dinitrogen and methane. Thus, at the outlet of the device, a purer G gas is recovered with respect to the level of dihydrogen.
Le gaz G en sortie du système d'épuration, et donc du dispositif, s'avère avoir ainsi un très fort taux en dihydrogène. Typiquement le gaz G en sortie du dispositif présente un taux en dihydrogène supérieur à 99,99 %.  The gas G at the outlet of the purification system, and therefore the device, is thus found to have a very high level of hydrogen. Typically the gas G at the outlet of the device has a hydrogen content greater than 99.99%.
Bien entendu l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et on peut y apporter des variantes de réalisation sans sortir du cadre de 1 ' invention tel que défini par les revendications.  Naturally, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and variations can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
En particulier, bien qu' ici le produit alimentant le dispositif soit du plastique comprenant majoritairement du polyéthylène et du polytéréphtalate d'éthylène, le dispositif pourra utiliser d'autre type de produit pour la production du dihydrogène. Le produit pourra ainsi aussi bien être par exemple une biomasse qu'un solide polymérique, comme un déchet de plastique, de caoutchouc ou d'élastomère ou un encore un solide comprenant du carton, une matière métallique tel que de l'aluminium ... ou encore un combustible solide de récupération. On rappelle qu'une biomasse désigne les fractions biodégradables des produits, déchets et résidus provenant de l'industrie en général et de l'agriculture, de la sylviculture et des industries connexes en particulier* In particular, although here the product supplying the device is plastic comprising predominantly polyethylene and polyethylene terephthalate, the device may use another type of product for the production of dihydrogen. The product It may also be for example a biomass polymeric solid, such as plastic waste, rubber or elastomer or a solid including cardboard, a metal material such as aluminum ... or a solid recovery fuel. Biomass refers to the biodegradable fractions of products, wastes and residues from industry in general and from agriculture, forestry and related industries in particular *
Le produit pourra comprendre un seul type de solide (polymérique, plastique, CSR, biomasse ...) ou plusieurs types de solide. Les solides divisés pourront se présenter sous la forme de granulés en trois dimensions ou encore de feuillets en deux dimensions. De façon générale, les solides divisés pourront se présenter sous forme de poudre, de granulés, de morceaux, de fibres ...  The product may comprise a single type of solid (polymer, plastic, CSR, biomass, etc.) or several types of solid. The divided solids may be in the form of three-dimensional granules or two-dimensional leaflets. In general, the divided solids can be in the form of powder, granules, pieces, fibers ...
Par ailleurs, l'enceinte et les moyens de convoyage et de chauffage par effet joule associés pourront être différents de ce qui a été indiqué. Par exemple, les moyens de raccordement étanches de l'entrée d'alimentation et/ou de la sortie basse pourront comprendre d'autres éléments qu'un sas comme par exemple une vanne écluse ou encore un appareil de dosage. La vis et les moyens de chauffage par effet joule associés pourront ainsi être conformés pour autoriser un chauffage par palier du produit, la vis présentant par exemple une résistance électrique variant le long de son axe et permettant ainsi d'offrir simultanément des zones de chauffages différentes le long de son axe.  Moreover, the enclosure and the means of conveying and heating Joule effect associated may be different from what has been indicated. For example, the sealed connection means of the supply inlet and / or the low output may include other elements than an airlock such as a sluice valve or a metering device. The screw and the associated Joule heating means may thus be shaped to allow a stepwise heating of the product, the screw having for example an electrical resistance varying along its axis and thus allowing to simultaneously offer different heating zones. along its axis.
De même, le système d'épuration pourra être différent de ce qui a été indiqué. Par exemple, ledit système pourra comprendre un nombre différent d'étage de purification que ce qui a été décrit. Le dispositif pourra être conformé de sorte que l'enceinte soit remplie d'un gaz inerte pour limiter ou pour éliminer la présence d'oxygène dans l'enceinte. Similarly, the purification system may be different from what has been indicated. For example, said system may comprise a different number of purification stages than what has been described. The device may be shaped so that the chamber is filled with an inert gas to limit or eliminate the presence of oxygen in the chamber.
Le four de craquage pourra être différent de ce qui a été indiqué. Ainsi bien qu'ici le bâti présente une section circulaire, le bâti pourra présenter une section différente telle qu'une section elliptique. On préférera toutefois avoir un bâti avec une section circulaire qui favorise les échanges thermiques au sein de la zone de traitement. De même le tube de chauffage pourra présenter une section différente d'une section circulaire telle qu'une section elliptique. On préférera toutefois avoir un tube de chauffage avec une section circulaire qui favorise les échanges thermiques au sein de la zone de traitement. Dans tous les cas, on privilégiera un four de craquage dans lequel le tube de chauffage et le bâti présentent la même forme de section ce qui favorise les échanges thermiques au sein de la zone de traitement.  The cracking furnace may be different from what has been indicated. Thus, although here the frame has a circular section, the frame may have a different section such as an elliptical section. However, it is preferable to have a frame with a circular section that promotes heat exchange within the treatment zone. Similarly, the heating tube may have a different section of a circular section such as an elliptical section. However, it will be preferred to have a heating tube with a circular section that promotes heat exchange within the treatment zone. In all cases, preference will be given to a cracking furnace in which the heating tube and the frame have the same sectional shape which promotes heat exchange within the treatment zone.
Bien qu'ici le bâti soit en alumine, le bâti pourra être dans un tout autre matériau : une autre céramique, un béton réfractaire, un métal ou un alliage de métal.- On privilégiera cependant les matériaux réfractaires tels que le béton réfractaire ou la céramique qui favoriseront le traitement du gaz. En outre, on prendra également en considération la nature du gaz à traiter (corrosif ou non notamment) .  Although here the frame is made of alumina, the frame may be in a completely different material: another ceramic, a refractory concrete, a metal or a metal alloy.- However, refractory materials such as refractory concrete or ceramics that will promote the treatment of gas. In addition, the nature of the gas to be treated (corrosive or non-corrosive) will also be considered.
De même bien qu'ici le tube de chauffage soit en alumine, le tube de chauffage pourra être dans un tout autre matériau : une autre céramique, un béton réfractaire, un métal ou un alliage de métal ... On privilégiera cependant les matériaux réfractaires tels que le béton réfractaire ou la céramique qui favoriseront le traitement du gaz. En outre, on prendra également en considération la nature du gaz à traiter (corrosif ou non notamment) . De même bien qu/ ici le filtre soit en alumine, le filtre pourra être dans un tout autre matériau : une autre céramique, un béton réfractaire, un métal ou un alliage de métal ... On privilégiera cependant les matériaux réfractaires tels que le béton réfractaire ou la céramique qui favoriseront le traitement du gaz. En outre, on prendra également en considération la nature du gaz à traiter (corrosif ou non notamment) . Similarly, although here the heating tube is made of alumina, the heating tube may be in a completely different material: another ceramic, a refractory concrete, a metal or a metal alloy ... However, the refractory materials will be preferred. such as refractory concrete or ceramics that will favor gas treatment. In addition, the nature of the gas to be treated (corrosive or non-corrosive) will also be considered. Similarly, although here the filter is alumina, the filter may be in a completely different material: another ceramic, a refractory concrete, a metal or a metal alloy ... However, we prefer refractory materials such as concrete refractory or ceramic that will promote the treatment of gas. In addition, the nature of the gas to be treated (corrosive or non-corrosive) will also be considered.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Dispositif de production d'un gaz dihydrogène (G) par traitement thermique d'un produit sous forme de solides divisés, le dispositif comportant : 1. Device for producing a hydrogen gas (G) by heat treatment of a product in the form of divided solids, the device comprising:
- une enceinte (1) comprenant une entrée (4) d'alimentation en produit, une sortie basse (6) de récupérations des résidus du produit traité et une sortie haute (11) d'extraction du gaz issu du traitement du produit,  an enclosure (1) comprising a product supply inlet (4), a low outlet (6) for recovering the residues of the treated product and an upper outlet (11) for extracting the gas resulting from the treatment of the product,
- des moyens de convoyage du produit entre l'entrée de l'enceinte et la sortie basse de l'enceinte qui comprennent une vis (10) montée pour tourner dans l'enceinte selon un axe géométrique de rotation (X) et qui comprennent des moyens d'entraînement en rotation de la vis,  means for conveying the product between the inlet of the enclosure and the low outlet of the enclosure, which comprise a screw (10) mounted to rotate in the enclosure along a geometric axis of rotation (X) and which comprise means for driving the screw in rotation,
- des moyens de chauffage par effet Joule de la vis,  heating means by Joule effect of the screw,
- une unité d'élimination (12) d'impuretés présentes dans le gaz, ladite unité étant raccordée à la sortie haute de l'enceinte.  an elimination unit (12) for impurities present in the gas, said unit being connected to the upper outlet of the enclosure.
2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, comprenant en outre un système d'épuration (21) du gaz en sortie de l'unité d'élimination, le système d'épuration étant raccordé à l'unité d* élimination.  2. Device according to claim 1, further comprising a purification system (21) of the gas output of the disposal unit, the purification system being connected to the disposal unit.
3. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comportant une cheminée d'entrée (5) qui est connectée à l'entrée (4) de l'enceinte et qui comprend des moyens de raccordement étanches (2) à l'entrée de l'enceinte de sorte à limiter l'air entrant dans 1' enceinte .  3. Device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an inlet chimney (5) which is connected to the inlet (4) of the enclosure and which comprises sealed connection means (2) to the inlet of the enclosure so as to limit the air entering the enclosure.
4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comportant une cheminée de sortie (7) qui est connectée à la sortie basse de l'enceinte et qui comprend des moyens de raccordement étanches (8) à la sortie basse (6) de l'enceinte de sorte à limiter l'air entrant dans l'enceinte. 4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, comprising an outlet chimney (7) which is connected to the lower outlet of the enclosure and which comprises sealed connection means (8) to the low output (6) of the enclosure so as to limit the air entering the enclosure.
5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'unité d'élimination (12) d'impuretés comporte des moyens de craquage du gaz (13 ; 113) .  5. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the removal unit (12) of impurities comprises gas cracking means (13; 113).
6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel l'unité d'élimination (12) d'impuretés comporte des moyens de filtrage (19) de poussières, de particules solides présentes dans le gaz et de particules à base de carbone semi-cristallin.  6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the impurity elimination unit (12) comprises filtering means (19) of dust, solid particles present in the gas and carbon-based particles. semicrystalline.
7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, dans lequel les moyens de filtrage (19) sont raccordés à la sortie des moyens de craquage.  7. Device according to claim 6, wherein the filtering means (19) are connected to the output of the cracking means.
8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 ou 8. Device according to one of claims 6 or
7, dans lequel les moyens de filtrage (19) comportent un cyclone haute température ou un filtre céramique haute température ou un filtre à charbon actif. 7, wherein the filter means (19) comprises a high temperature cyclone or a high temperature ceramic filter or an activated carbon filter.
9. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le système d'épuration comporte un seul étage de purification.  9. Device according to claim 2, wherein the purification system comprises a single purification stage.
10. Dispositif selon la revendication 2 ou la revendication 10, dans lequel le système d'épuration (21) comporte un appareil d'adsorption par inversion de pression (34) .  10. Device according to claim 2 or claim 10, wherein the purification system (21) comprises a pressure reversal adsorption apparatus (34).
11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 2, 9 ou 10, dans lequel un gaz d'échappement du système d'épuration (21) est utilisé par l'unité d'élimination (2) pour traiter le gaz issu du traitement du produit.  11. Device according to one of claims 2, 9 or 10, wherein an exhaust gas of the purification system (21) is used by the elimination unit (2) to treat the gas resulting from the treatment of product.
12. Application du dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le produit alimentant l'enceinte (1) est de type matière CSR ou matière polymérique.  12. Application of the device according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the product supplying the enclosure (1) is CSR material type or polymeric material.
13. Procédé de production d'un gaz dihydrogène (G) à partir d'un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, comprenant les étapes de : 13. Process for producing a dihydrogen gas (G) from a device according to one of the Claims 1 to 11, comprising the steps of:
- pyrolyser le produit,  pyrolyze the product,
- éliminer les impuretés présentes dans le gaz.  - eliminate the impurities present in the gas.
EP16784478.6A 2016-10-18 2016-10-18 Device for producing dihydrogen, method for producing dihydrogen using such a device and use of such a device Pending EP3529337A1 (en)

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US20190256354A1 (en) 2019-08-22
WO2018072816A1 (en) 2018-04-26
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US11845661B2 (en) 2023-12-19
JP2019532010A (en) 2019-11-07

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