EP2766109A1 - Process and installation for pyrolysis of a product in the form of divided solids, in particular polymer waste - Google Patents

Process and installation for pyrolysis of a product in the form of divided solids, in particular polymer waste

Info

Publication number
EP2766109A1
EP2766109A1 EP11773706.4A EP11773706A EP2766109A1 EP 2766109 A1 EP2766109 A1 EP 2766109A1 EP 11773706 A EP11773706 A EP 11773706A EP 2766109 A1 EP2766109 A1 EP 2766109A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
product
reactor
pyrolysis
outlet
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11773706.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Olivier Lepez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lepez Conseils Finance Innovations-LCFI
LEPEZ CONSEILS FINANCE INNOVATIONS LCFI
Original Assignee
Lepez Conseils Finance Innovations-LCFI
LEPEZ CONSEILS FINANCE INNOVATIONS LCFI
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lepez Conseils Finance Innovations-LCFI, LEPEZ CONSEILS FINANCE INNOVATIONS LCFI filed Critical Lepez Conseils Finance Innovations-LCFI
Publication of EP2766109A1 publication Critical patent/EP2766109A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B7/00—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven
    • C10B7/10—Coke ovens with mechanical conveying means for the raw material inside the oven with conveyor-screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B19/00—Heating of coke ovens by electrical means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
    • C10G1/10—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal from rubber or rubber waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the pyrolysis of a product in the form of divided solids, in particular polymeric waste such as plastics, rubbers, elastomers.
  • a preconditioning device comprising a double jacket trough containing a metering screw and associated with a hot fluid circulation between the ⁇ eaters to bring the product in a state adapted to facilitate its pyrolysis;
  • a pyrolysis reactor having an inlet sealingly connected to an output of voltagecondi ⁇ tioning device and which is equipped with at least a heating transfer means for transferring the product while pyrolyzing the input of a the reactor outlet, for example in the form of a conveying screw or a vibrated tube whose constituent material is associated with means of its heating Joule effect.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a process and a pyrolysis plant for a product in the form of divided solids such as polymeric waste, with improved efficiency.
  • a pyrolysis plant for a product in the form of divided solids, in particular polymeric waste such as plastics, rubbers or elastomers comprising:
  • preconditioning device for pre ⁇ packaging the product and bringing it into a suitable pyrolysis facilitate its state
  • a pyrolysis reactor having an inlet sealingly connected to an output of voltagecondi ⁇ tioning device and which is equipped with at least a heating transfer means for transferring the product while the pyrolisant from input to a reactor outlet in the form of a conveying screw or a vibrated tube whose constituent material is associated with means of its heating Joule effect;
  • the preconditioning device comprises liquefaction means for bringing the product at the outlet of the preconditioning device into a liquid state at an outlet temperature, as well as regulating means for regulating the temperature of the product at the outlet of the device. preconditioning according to a temperature representative of a reactor inlet temperature ⁇ .
  • the introduction of the product into the reactor in liquid form makes it possible to achieve between the preconditioning device and the reactor a very simple sealed connection which prevents the introduction into the reactor of oxygen, and thus avoids the burning of the pyrolysis gases in the reactor. the reactor, thus contributing to an enrichment signi ficant ⁇ said methane gas.
  • the introduction of the pro- duct in the reactor in liquid form allows sup ⁇ primer the sluice valve usually interposed between the preconditioning device and the reac tor ⁇ since n 'there is no risk of gas introduction;
  • the introduction of the product into the reactor in liquid form at a sufficiently high temperature prevents on the one hand the excessive cooling of the upstream part of the reactor, thus increasing the efficiency of the pyrolysis, but also prevents a possible cooling of the reactor.
  • reactor inlet could potentially cause clogging of the transfer member of the reactor if the product was to resolidify.
  • the liquefaction means COMPOR ⁇ tent a heated extruder Preferably, the liquefaction means COMPOR ⁇ tent a heated extruder.
  • the invention also relates to a pyrolysis process of a product in the form of divided solids, in particular polymeric solids such as ⁇ waste plastic, rubber, elastomer, COMPOR ⁇ as the following successive steps:
  • preconditioning the product to bring it into a state capable of facilitating its pyrolysis; pyrolysis of the product thus preconditioned by means of a pyrolysis reactor having an inlet sealingly connected to an output of timecondi ⁇ tioning device and which is equipped with at least a heating transfer means for transferring the product while the pyrolyzer of the inlet to an outlet of the reactor in the form of a rotating tubular screw or a vibrated tube whose constituent material is associated with means of its heating by Joule effect.
  • the preconditioning step comprises a liquefaction own to cause the product before its introduction into the reactor in a liquid state at a given outlet temperature, with a regu ⁇ lation of the function output temperature of a reactor inlet temperature.
  • the figure schematically illustrates an installa- tion for treating a product as a soli ⁇ divided, especially polymeric solids such as waste plastic, rubber or elastomer. These may be household waste, de ⁇ industrial waste, or products previously micronized.
  • the products concerned are divided solids capable of producing in particular pyrolytic oils by gas recondensation when the products are pyrolyzed at temperatures of 400 ° C. to 600 ° C., these oils having an energy or chemical content. that can be upgraded, but also pyrolysis gases containing components (methane, hydrogen, acetylene ...) industrially interesting when the products are pyrolyzed between 600 ° C and 900 ° C
  • the product to be treated P is noted firstly in ⁇ coind in a preconditioning device 10 per ⁇ putting compacting and heating the product to the li- quéfieravant that it is introduced into a pyrolysis reactor 20.
  • the preconditioning device is here an extruder 10 which comprises a body 11 defining a vo ⁇ cylinder lume in which a worm 12 is my ⁇ tee to rotate being driven by an associated external motorization 13.
  • the body 11 has an inlet 14 connected to a feed hopper 15.
  • the product P is loaded and stored in the feed hopper 15, which may be provided with a level sensor (up and down) and a mechanical disruption system in order to avoid sloping and phenomena that v constitutionalage em ⁇ would fish the evacuation of product.
  • the hopper comprises a feeding member for forcing the products into the extruder 10.
  • the extruder 10 is in a manner known per se equipped with heating means 17 which allow the product to be melted progressively so that it kind of the extruder in a form ⁇ compac ted and liquid at a given outlet temperature.
  • the heating means include a circulation of hot fluid between the two walls of a double envelope forming the body 11.
  • the product thus heated, compacted and liquefied by the extruder 10 comes out of the latter through an outlet 16 to enter the pyrolysis reactor 20, whose inlet is sealingly connected to the outlet 16 of the extruder.
  • the risk of introducing oxygen into the reactor is minimal, and it will be possible to easily achieve a tight connection between the extruder 10 and the reactor 20 while passing a lock valve.
  • the pyrolysis reactor 20 is here equipped with a coreless conveyor screw 22 heated by the Joule effect, said screw providing both the transfer and the heating system ⁇ wise the product flowing through said reactor.
  • the conveying screw 22 here extends into a closed enclosure 21 whose walls are preferably made of refractory material.
  • An electric power unit 100 connected by electrical connections 101 and 102 at both ends of the conveying screw 22 allows the screw to be heated as a function of a set temperature and thus to control the temperature in the chamber in a fine manner.
  • the transfer screw 22 heated by the Joule effect thus causes the product from upstream to downstream, while pyrolyzing the product, with a residence time in the reactor which will be a function of the product, in particular between a few seconds and a few seconds. tens of minutes, this residence time being adjusted by adjusting the speed of rotation of the conveying screw 22 imposed by an external motor 26.
  • the temperature at which the product exits from the extruder the heating means 17 comprise means for regulating tion for regulating the outlet temperature of the product in accordance with a temperature representative of a tempera ture ⁇ prevailing at the reactor inlet.
  • this inlet temperature which is necessarily lower than the temperature at the heart of the reac tor ⁇ because of side effects, can be estimated by re ⁇ edged approximately a hundred degrees in the tem ⁇ erasure setpoint supplied to the power unit elec tric ⁇ 100 for heating the screw, if the inlet temperature can not be measured directly.
  • This regulation is intended to deliver the product output of the extruder 10 at a temperature which is of course greater than the liquefaction temperature of the product to ensure that it exits in liquid form and is not likely to solidify in arriving in the reactor, but which must remain lower than the reactor inlet temperature to prevent any premature ⁇ part of the pyrolysis in the extruder 10. however, it will ensure that the product temperature at the outlet of the extruder 10 is not too far from the inlet temperature of the reactor, which would delay pyrolysis and give rise to a large temperature gradient inside the reactor. In practice, it will be ensured that the difference between the outlet temperature of the extruder and the inlet temperature of the reactor is less than one hundred and fifty degrees Celsius, and preferably less than one hundred degrees Celsius.
  • the product thus preconditioned according to the invention by the extruder is very easily pyrolyzed in the reactor, and gives rise in particular to pyrolysis gases with a high content of methane. It will then suffice to re ⁇ cuphorn this gas at the reactor outlet, in order to subject it to conventional treatments: storage, condensation to recover the condensable part of the gas in the form of pyrolysis oil, sending to a roasting of heating or industrial installation ...
  • Extruder outlet temperature 400 ° C .
  • preconditioning means ensuring liquefaction tempera ture ⁇ output regulated
  • a heated conveying screw pyrolysis reactor is particularly advantageous and provides dramatic results on the methane content in the gas pyrolysis.
  • the residence time in the reactor is easily adjustable (typically 5 to 30 minutes) by adjusting the feed frequency of the motorcycle ⁇ authorization 26, while the temperature at the core of the reactor is also easily adjustable by action on the electric power sent to the conveyor screw 22 via a static relay or thyristor connected to the screw temperature (typically between 400 ° C and 850 ° C).
  • a static relay or thyristor connected to the screw temperature (typically between 400 ° C and 850 ° C).
  • the higher the temperature the higher the proportion of gas will be.
  • the pyrolysis residues are collected at the outlet of the reactor in a receptacle 30 connected to the reactor by a tight connection.
  • the reci ⁇ tainer 30 comprises an outlet nozzle 31 having an inlet disposed below the level of coke in the reci ⁇ tainer and through which the pyrolysis gases are recovered. This provision prevents introduction of oxygen by the downstream installation, and eliminates the need to say ⁇ positive for sealing complex as valves ECLU ⁇ her.
  • the transfer member of the reactor is a Joule effect heatable conveying screw
  • a vibrated tube which is also heated by the Joule effect, the transfer of the product then taking place in a helical tube of axis. vertical.
  • the liquefaction means here comprise a heating extruder, which makes it possible to operate the process of the invention continuously, it will of course be possible to use other liquefaction means with a controlled outlet temperature, such as a container that the filled polymeric waste that is made centr ⁇ iron to liquefy. A valve positioned between the container and the reactor is then opened to pe ⁇ n beaut product in liquid form in the reactor. PAGE RECEIVED EMPTY UPON FILING

Abstract

The invention relates to an installation for the pyrolysis of a product in the form of divided solids, in particular polymer waste such as plastics, rubbers or elastomers, comprising a preconditioning device for preconditioning the product and bringing it to a state suitable for facilitating the pyrolysis thereof, and a pyrolysis reactor having an inlet connected in a leak-tight manner to an outlet of the preconditioning device and which is equipped with at least one heating transfer member for transferring the product, while pyrolysing it, from the inlet to an outlet of the reactor in the form of a conveying screw or of a vibrated tube, the constituent material of which is associated with means for the heating thereof via the Joule effect. According to the invention, the preconditioning device comprises liquefaction means for bringing the product at the outlet of the preconditioning device to a liquid state at an outlet temperature, and also regulation means for regulating the temperature of the product at the outlet of the preconditioning device as a function of a temperature representative of an inlet temperature of the reactor.

Description

PROCEDE ET INSTALLATION DE PYROLYSE D'UN PRODUIT SOUS FORME DE SOLIDES DIVISES, EN PARTICULIER DES DECHETS  METHOD AND INSTALLATION OF PYROLYSIS OF A PRODUCT IN THE FORM OF DIVIDED SOLIDS, ESPECIALLY WASTE
POLYMERIQUES  POLYMER
La présente invention concerne la pyrolyse d'un produit sous forme de solides divisés, en particulier des déchets polymériques tels que des matières plastiques, des caoutchoucs, des élastomères. The present invention relates to the pyrolysis of a product in the form of divided solids, in particular polymeric waste such as plastics, rubbers, elastomers.
ARRIERE PLAN DE L'INVENTION  BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Il a été proposé dans le document WO2010/128055A1 une installation de pyrolyse d'un produit sous la forme de solides divisés comportant  It has been proposed in WO2010 / 128055A1 a pyrolysis plant of a product in the form of divided solids comprising
- un dispositif de préconditionnement comportant une auge à double enveloppe renfermant une vis doseuse et associée à une circulation de fluide chaud entre les en¬ veloppes permettant d' amener le produit dans un état apte à faciliter sa pyrolyse ; - A preconditioning device comprising a double jacket trough containing a metering screw and associated with a hot fluid circulation between the ¬ eaters to bring the product in a state adapted to facilitate its pyrolysis;
- un réacteur de pyrolyse ayant une entrée reliée de façon étanche à une sortie du dispositif de précondi¬ tionnement et qui est équipé d'au moins d'un organe de transfert chauffant pour transférer le produit tout en le pyrolysant de l'entrée à une sortie du réacteur, par exemple sous la forme d'une vis de convoyage ou d'un tube vibré dont le matériau constitutif est associé à des moyens de son chauffage par effet Joule. - a pyrolysis reactor having an inlet sealingly connected to an output of précondi ¬ tioning device and which is equipped with at least a heating transfer means for transferring the product while pyrolyzing the input of a the reactor outlet, for example in the form of a conveying screw or a vibrated tube whose constituent material is associated with means of its heating Joule effect.
S' agissant plus particulièrement en particulier des déchets polymériques tels que des matières plasti¬ ques, des caoutchoucs, des élastomères, il a été constaté que le rendement du traitement préconisé dans le document précité ne permet pas d'obtenir des gaz de pyrolyse à taux de méthane élevé. En outre, la densité des produits traités reste faible au départ de leur traitement, ce qui conduit à des rendements limités. As regards more specifically in particular polymeric waste such as plasticizers ¬ cal materials, rubbers, elastomers, it was found that the performance of the recommended treatment in the aforementioned document does not provide for rates to pyrolysis gases of high methane. In addition, the density of the treated products remains low at the start of their treatment, which leads to limited yields.
OBJET DE L'INVENTION L'invention a pour objet de proposer un procédé et une installation de pyrolyse d'un produit sous forme de solides divisés tels que des déchets polymériques , d'efficacité améliorée. OBJECT OF THE INVENTION The object of the invention is to propose a process and a pyrolysis plant for a product in the form of divided solids such as polymeric waste, with improved efficiency.
RESUME DE L'INVENTION  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
En vue de la réalisation de ce but, on propose une installation de pyrolyse d'un produit sous forme de solides divisés, en particulier des déchets polymériques tels que des plastiques, des caoutchoucs ou des élastomè- res, comportant :  With a view to achieving this object, there is provided a pyrolysis plant for a product in the form of divided solids, in particular polymeric waste such as plastics, rubbers or elastomers, comprising:
- un dispositif de préconditionnement pour pré¬ conditionner le produit et l'amener dans un état apte à faciliter sa pyrolyse ; - a preconditioning device for pre ¬ packaging the product and bringing it into a suitable pyrolysis facilitate its state;
- un réacteur de pyrolyse ayant une entrée reliée de façon étanche à une sortie du dispositif de précondi¬ tionnement et qui est équipé d'au moins d'un organe de transfert chauffant pour transférer le produit tout en le pyrolisant de l'entrée à une sortie du réacteur sous la forme d'une vis de convoyage ou d'un tube vibré dont le matériau constitutif est associé à des moyens de son chauffage par effet Joule ; - a pyrolysis reactor having an inlet sealingly connected to an output of précondi ¬ tioning device and which is equipped with at least a heating transfer means for transferring the product while the pyrolisant from input to a reactor outlet in the form of a conveying screw or a vibrated tube whose constituent material is associated with means of its heating Joule effect;
Selon l'invention, le dispositif de préconditionnement comporte des moyens de liquéfaction pour amener le produit en sortie du dispositif de préconditionnement dans un état liquide à une température de sortie, ainsi que des moyens de régulation pour réguler la température du produit en sortie du dispositif de préconditionnement en fonction d'une température représentative d'une tempé¬ rature d'entrée du réacteur. According to the invention, the preconditioning device comprises liquefaction means for bringing the product at the outlet of the preconditioning device into a liquid state at an outlet temperature, as well as regulating means for regulating the temperature of the product at the outlet of the device. preconditioning according to a temperature representative of a reactor inlet temperature ¬ .
L'utilisation des moyens de liquéfaction pour chauffer, compacter et liquéfier le produit polymérique préalablement à leur pyrolyse apporte de nombreux avanta¬ ges : The use of liquefaction means to heat, compress and liquefy the polymer product prior to their pyrolysis brings many avanta ¬ ges:
- l'introduction du produit dans le réacteur sous forme liquide conduit à une densification du produit lors de son introduction dans le réacteur, ce qui contribue à augmenter sensiblement le rendement de l'installation ; the introduction of the product into the reactor in liquid form leads to a densification of the product during its introduction into the reactor, which contributes to significantly increase the efficiency of the installation;
- l'introduction du produit dans le réacteur sous forme liquide permet de réaliser entre le dispositif de préconditionnement et le réacteur une liaison étanche très simple qui empêche l'introduction dans le réacteur d'oxygène, et évite ainsi le brûlage des gaz de pyrolyse dans le réacteur, contribuant à un enrichissement signi¬ ficative desdits gaz en méthane. L'introduction du pro- duit dans le réacteur sous forme liquide permet de sup¬ primer la vanne à écluse habituellement interposée entre le dispositif de préconditionnement et le réac¬ teur puisqu'il n' y a aucun risque d'introduction de gaz ; - The introduction of the product into the reactor in liquid form makes it possible to achieve between the preconditioning device and the reactor a very simple sealed connection which prevents the introduction into the reactor of oxygen, and thus avoids the burning of the pyrolysis gases in the reactor. the reactor, thus contributing to an enrichment signi ficant ¬ said methane gas. The introduction of the pro- duct in the reactor in liquid form allows sup ¬ primer the sluice valve usually interposed between the preconditioning device and the reac tor ¬ since n 'there is no risk of gas introduction;
l'introduction du produit dans le réacteur sous forme liquide à une température suffisamment élevée empêche d'une part le refroidissement trop important de la partie amont du réacteur, augmentant ainsi le rende¬ ment de la pyrolyse, mais empêche également un éventuel refroidissement de l'entrée du réacteur pouvant poten- tiellement provoquer un bouchage de l'organe de transfert du réacteur si le produit venait à se resolidifier. the introduction of the product into the reactor in liquid form at a sufficiently high temperature prevents on the one hand the excessive cooling of the upstream part of the reactor, thus increasing the efficiency of the pyrolysis, but also prevents a possible cooling of the reactor. reactor inlet could potentially cause clogging of the transfer member of the reactor if the product was to resolidify.
Ces avantages conduisent à une amélioration spec¬ taculaire de la teneur en méthane des gaz de pyrolyse. Des expérimentations effectuées par la demanderesse ont ainsi permis d'obtenir des taux de méthane supérieurs à 40%. These advantages lead to a spec ¬ tacular improvement in the methane content of the pyrolysis gases. Experiments carried out by the applicant have thus made it possible to obtain methane levels greater than 40%.
De préférence, les moyens de liquéfaction compor¬ tent une extrudeuse chauffante. Preferably, the liquefaction means COMPOR ¬ tent a heated extruder.
L' invention est également relative à un procédé de pyrolyse d'un produit sous forme de solides divisés, en particulier des solides polymériques tels que des dé¬ chets de plastique, de caoutchouc, d' élastomère, compor¬ tant les étapes successives suivantes : The invention also relates to a pyrolysis process of a product in the form of divided solids, in particular polymeric solids such as ¬ waste plastic, rubber, elastomer, COMPOR ¬ as the following successive steps:
préconditionnement du produit pour l'amener dans un état apte à faciliter sa pyrolyse; pyrolyse du produit ainsi préconditionné au moyen d'un réacteur de pyrolyse ayant une entrée reliée de façon étanche à une sortie du dispositif de précondi¬ tionnement et qui est équipé d'au moins d'un organe de transfert chauffant pour transférer le produit tout en le pyrolysant de l'entrée à une sortie du réacteur sous la forme d'une vis tubulaire tournante ou d'un tube vibré dont le matériau constitutif est associé à des moyens de son chauffage par effet Joule. preconditioning the product to bring it into a state capable of facilitating its pyrolysis; pyrolysis of the product thus preconditioned by means of a pyrolysis reactor having an inlet sealingly connected to an output of précondi ¬ tioning device and which is equipped with at least a heating transfer means for transferring the product while the pyrolyzer of the inlet to an outlet of the reactor in the form of a rotating tubular screw or a vibrated tube whose constituent material is associated with means of its heating by Joule effect.
Selon l'invention, l'étape de préconditionnement comporte une liquéfaction propre à amener le produit avant son introduction dans le réacteur dans un état liquide à une température de sortie donnée, avec une régu¬ lation de la température de sortie en fonction d'une tem- pérature d'entrée du réacteur. According to the invention, the preconditioning step comprises a liquefaction own to cause the product before its introduction into the reactor in a liquid state at a given outlet temperature, with a regu ¬ lation of the function output temperature of a reactor inlet temperature.
BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Il sera fait référence à l'unique figure des dessins annexés illustrant schématiquement une installa- tion de pyrolyse conforme à l'invention, mettant en œuvre le procédé de l'invention.  Reference will be made to the single figure of the accompanying drawings schematically illustrating a pyrolysis plant according to the invention, implementing the method of the invention.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION La figure illustre schématiquement une installa- tion permettant de traiter un produit sous forme de soli¬ des divisés, en particulier des solides polymériques , comme des déchets de plastique, de caoutchouc ou d' élastomère . Il peut s'agir de déchets ménagers, de dé¬ chets industriels, ou encore de produits préalablement micronisés. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The figure schematically illustrates an installa- tion for treating a product as a soli ¬ divided, especially polymeric solids such as waste plastic, rubber or elastomer. These may be household waste, de ¬ industrial waste, or products previously micronized.
D'une façon générale, les produits concernés sont des solides divisés capables de produire notamment des huiles pyrolytiques par recondensation de gaz lorsque les produits sont pyrolysés à des températures de 400°C à 600°C, ces huiles ayant un contenu énergétique ou chimi- que susceptible d'être valorisé, mais également des gaz de pyrolyse contenant des composants (méthane, hydrogène, acétylène...) industriellement intéressants lorsque les produits sont pyrolysés entre 600°C et 900°C In general, the products concerned are divided solids capable of producing in particular pyrolytic oils by gas recondensation when the products are pyrolyzed at temperatures of 400 ° C. to 600 ° C., these oils having an energy or chemical content. that can be upgraded, but also pyrolysis gases containing components (methane, hydrogen, acetylene ...) industrially interesting when the products are pyrolyzed between 600 ° C and 900 ° C
Le produit à traiter noté P est tout d' abord in¬ troduit dans un dispositif de préconditionnement 10 per¬ mettant de compacter et chauffer le produit pour le li- quéfieravant qu' il ne soit introduit dans un réacteur de pyrolyse 20. The product to be treated P is noted firstly in ¬ duced in a preconditioning device 10 per ¬ putting compacting and heating the product to the li- quéfieravant that it is introduced into a pyrolysis reactor 20.
On décrira ici particulièrement l'étape de pré¬ conditionnement, la pyrolyse en elle-même étant bien connue. On se référera utilement au document WO2010/128055A1 incorporé par référence, pour une des¬ cription détaillée du réacteur et de la réaction de pyro- lyse. Here will be described particularly the step of pre ¬ packaging, pyrolysis itself is well known. Reference is usefully the document WO2010 / 128055A1 incorporated by reference, for a detailed description of ¬ the reactor and the reaction pyro lysis.
Le dispositif de préconditionnement est ici une extrudeuse 10 qui comporte un corps 11 définissant un vo¬ lume cylindrique dans lequel une vis sans fin 12 est mon¬ tée pour tourner en étant entraînée par un motorisation extérieure associée 13. Le corps 11 comporte une entrée 14 raccordée à une trémie d'alimentation 15. Le produit P est chargé et stocké dans la trémie d'alimentation 15, laquelle pourra être munie d'un capteur de niveau (haut et bas) et d'un système de dévoûtage mécanique afin d'éviter le talutage et les phénomènes de voûtage qui em¬ pêcheraient l'évacuation du produit. De préférence, la trémie comporte un organe de gavage pour forcer l'entrée des produits dans l' extrudeuse 10. L' extrudeuse 10 est de façon connue en soi équipée de moyens de chauffage 17 qui permettent de faire fondre progressivement le produit de sorte qu'il sorte de l' extrudeuse sous une forme compac¬ tée et liquide, à une température de sortie donnée. Par exemple, les moyens de chauffage incluent une circulation de fluide chaud entre les deux parois d'une double enve- loppe formant le corps 11. Ainsi, le produit entre déjà chaud dans le réac¬ teur de pyrolyse, favorisant alors grandement la montée en température dudit produit dans le réacteur. The preconditioning device is here an extruder 10 which comprises a body 11 defining a vo ¬ cylinder lume in which a worm 12 is my ¬ tee to rotate being driven by an associated external motorization 13. The body 11 has an inlet 14 connected to a feed hopper 15. The product P is loaded and stored in the feed hopper 15, which may be provided with a level sensor (up and down) and a mechanical disruption system in order to avoid sloping and phenomena that voûtage em ¬ would fish the evacuation of product. Preferably, the hopper comprises a feeding member for forcing the products into the extruder 10. The extruder 10 is in a manner known per se equipped with heating means 17 which allow the product to be melted progressively so that it kind of the extruder in a form ¬ compac ted and liquid at a given outlet temperature. For example, the heating means include a circulation of hot fluid between the two walls of a double envelope forming the body 11. Thus, the product between already hot in the reac tor ¬ pyrolysis, while greatly promoting the rise in temperature of said product in the reactor.
Le produit ainsi chauffé, compacté et liquéfié par l'extrudeuse 10 sort de celle-ci par une sortie 16 pour pénétrer dans le réacteur de pyrolyse 20, dont l'entrée est reliée de façon étanche à la sortie 16 de l'extrudeuse. Ici, compte tenu de la forme liquide du produit qui entre dans le réacteur, le risque d'introduction d'oxygène dans le réacteur est minime, et on pourra réaliser facilement une liaison étanche entre l'extrudeuse 10 et le réacteur 20 en se passant d'une vanne à écluse.  The product thus heated, compacted and liquefied by the extruder 10 comes out of the latter through an outlet 16 to enter the pyrolysis reactor 20, whose inlet is sealingly connected to the outlet 16 of the extruder. Here, given the liquid form of the product that enters the reactor, the risk of introducing oxygen into the reactor is minimal, and it will be possible to easily achieve a tight connection between the extruder 10 and the reactor 20 while passing a lock valve.
Le réacteur de pyrolyse 20 est ici équipé d'une vis de convoyage sans âme 22 chauffée par effet Joule, ladite vis assurant à la fois le transfert et le chauf¬ fage du produit circulant dans ledit réacteur. La vis de convoyage 22 s'étend ici dans une enceinte fermée 21, dont les parois sont de préférence en matériau réfrac- taire. Une unité de puissance électrique 100 reliée par des liaisons électriques 101 et 102 aux deux extrémités de la vis de convoyage 22 permet de chauffer la vis en fonction d'une température de consigne et ainsi de contrôler finement la température dans l'enceinte. The pyrolysis reactor 20 is here equipped with a coreless conveyor screw 22 heated by the Joule effect, said screw providing both the transfer and the heating system ¬ wise the product flowing through said reactor. The conveying screw 22 here extends into a closed enclosure 21 whose walls are preferably made of refractory material. An electric power unit 100 connected by electrical connections 101 and 102 at both ends of the conveying screw 22 allows the screw to be heated as a function of a set temperature and thus to control the temperature in the chamber in a fine manner.
La vis de transfert 22 chauffée par effet Joule entraîne ainsi le produit de l'amont vers l'aval, tout en pyrolysant le produit, avec un temps de séjour dans le réacteur qui sera fonction du produit, en particulier compris entre quelques secondes et quelques dizaines de minutes, ce temps de séjour étant réglé en jouant sur la vitesse de rotation de la vis de convoyage 22 imposée par une motorisation extérieure 26.  The transfer screw 22 heated by the Joule effect thus causes the product from upstream to downstream, while pyrolyzing the product, with a residence time in the reactor which will be a function of the product, in particular between a few seconds and a few seconds. tens of minutes, this residence time being adjusted by adjusting the speed of rotation of the conveying screw 22 imposed by an external motor 26.
Selon un aspect important de l'invention, la température à laquelle le produit sort de l'extrudeuse les moyens de chauffage 17 comportent des moyens de régula- tion pour réguler la température de sortie du produit en fonction d'une température représentative d'une tempéra¬ ture régnant au niveau de l'entrée du réacteur. En prati¬ que, cette température d'entrée, qui est nécessairement plus faible que la température régnant au cœur du réac¬ teur à cause des effets de bord, peut être estimée en re¬ tranchant sensiblement une centaine de degrés à la tempé¬ rature de consigne fournie à l'unité de puissance élec¬ trique 100 pour le chauffage de la vis, si la température d'entrée ne peut être mesurée directement. According to an important aspect of the invention, the temperature at which the product exits from the extruder the heating means 17 comprise means for regulating tion for regulating the outlet temperature of the product in accordance with a temperature representative of a tempera ture ¬ prevailing at the reactor inlet. In practi ¬, this inlet temperature, which is necessarily lower than the temperature at the heart of the reac tor ¬ because of side effects, can be estimated by re ¬ edged approximately a hundred degrees in the tem ¬ erasure setpoint supplied to the power unit elec tric ¬ 100 for heating the screw, if the inlet temperature can not be measured directly.
Cette régulation a pour objet de délivrer le produit en sortie de l'extrudeuse 10 à une température qui soit bien sûr supérieure à la température de liquéfaction du produit afin de garantir que celui-ci sorte sous forme liquide et ne risque pas de se solidifier en arrivant dans le réacteur, mais qui doit rester inférieure à la température d'entrée du réacteur, pour empêcher tout dé¬ part prématuré de la pyrolyse dans l'extrudeuse 10. On veillera cependant à ce que la température du produit en sortie de l'extrudeuse 10 ne soit pas trop éloignée de la température d'entrée du réacteur, ce qui retarderait la pyrolyse et donnerait lieu à un gradient de température important à l'intérieur du réacteur. En pratique, on veillera à ce que l'écart entre la température de sortie de l'extrudeuse et la température d'entrée du réacteur soit inférieur à cent cinquante degrés Celsius, et de préférence inférieur à cent degrés Celsius. This regulation is intended to deliver the product output of the extruder 10 at a temperature which is of course greater than the liquefaction temperature of the product to ensure that it exits in liquid form and is not likely to solidify in arriving in the reactor, but which must remain lower than the reactor inlet temperature to prevent any premature ¬ part of the pyrolysis in the extruder 10. however, it will ensure that the product temperature at the outlet of the extruder 10 is not too far from the inlet temperature of the reactor, which would delay pyrolysis and give rise to a large temperature gradient inside the reactor. In practice, it will be ensured that the difference between the outlet temperature of the extruder and the inlet temperature of the reactor is less than one hundred and fifty degrees Celsius, and preferably less than one hundred degrees Celsius.
Le produit ainsi préconditionné selon l'invention par l'extrudeuse est très facilement pyrolysable dans le réacteur, et donne lieu en particulier à des gaz de pyrolyse à teneur élevée en méthane. Il suffira alors de ré¬ cupérer ce gaz en sortie du réacteur, afin de lui faire subir les traitements classiques : stockage, condensation pour récupérer la partie condensable de ces gaz sous forme d'huiles de pyrolyse, envoi vers une brûlerie de chauffage ou d'installation industrielle... The product thus preconditioned according to the invention by the extruder is very easily pyrolyzed in the reactor, and gives rise in particular to pyrolysis gases with a high content of methane. It will then suffice to re ¬ cupérer this gas at the reactor outlet, in order to subject it to conventional treatments: storage, condensation to recover the condensable part of the gas in the form of pyrolysis oil, sending to a roasting of heating or industrial installation ...
A titre d'exemple, pour le traitement de déchets de polyéthylène très haute densité (dont la température de liquéfaction se situe entre 100 et 200 °C) , on utili- sera les paramètres suivants :  By way of example, for the treatment of very high density polyethylene waste (whose liquefaction temperature is between 100 and 200 ° C.), the following parameters will be used:
Température de pyrolyse au cœur du réacteur : 600°Celsius ;  Pyrolysis temperature in the reactor core: 600 ° Celsius;
Température estimée d' entrée du réacteur : 500°Celsius ;  Estimated reactor inlet temperature: 500 ° Celsius;
- Température de sortie de l'extrudeuse : 400°C ; Extruder outlet temperature: 400 ° C .;
- Temps de séjour dans le réacteur: 10 à 20 minutes.  - Residence time in the reactor: 10 to 20 minutes.
On obtient alors les résultats suivants :The following results are then obtained:
- Ratio de solide résiduel: 1 à 5% - Residual solid ratio: 1 to 5%
- Ratio d'huile: 10 à 20% - Oil ratio: 10 to 20%
- Ratio de gaz: supérieur à 75%, dont une teneur en méthane supérieure à 40%.  - Gas ratio: above 75%, with a methane content greater than 40%.
On constate ainsi que la combinaison de moyens de préconditionnement assurant une liquéfaction à tempéra¬ ture de sortie régulée, et d'un réacteur à pyrolyse à vis de convoyage chauffante est particulièrement intéressante et donne des résultats spectaculaires quant au taux de méthane dans les gaz de pyrolyse. It is thus found that the combination of preconditioning means ensuring liquefaction tempera ture ¬ output regulated, and a heated conveying screw pyrolysis reactor is particularly advantageous and provides dramatic results on the methane content in the gas pyrolysis.
II est à noter que le temps de séjour dans le réacteur est facilement ajustable (typiquement de 5 à 30 mn) en jouant sur la fréquence d'alimentation de la moto¬ risation 26, tandis que la température régnant au coeur du réacteur est également facilement ajustable par action sur la puissance électrique envoyée à la vis de convoyage 22 par l'intermédiaire d'un relai statique ou thyristor relié à la température de la vis (typiquement entre 400°C et 850°C) . Bien sûr, plus la température est élevée, plus la proportion en gaz sera élevée. Au contraire, plus la température sera faible mais au minimum 400°C (limite de dépolymérisation) , plus la quantité d'huile (gaz conden- sable) sera élevée. It should be noted that the residence time in the reactor is easily adjustable (typically 5 to 30 minutes) by adjusting the feed frequency of the motorcycle ¬ authorization 26, while the temperature at the core of the reactor is also easily adjustable by action on the electric power sent to the conveyor screw 22 via a static relay or thyristor connected to the screw temperature (typically between 400 ° C and 850 ° C). Of course, the higher the temperature, the higher the proportion of gas will be. On the contrary, the lower the temperature, but at least 400 ° C (limit of depolymerization), the higher the amount of oil (condensing gas) will be.
Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention illustré ici, les résidus de pyrolyse, notamment les cokes, sont recueillis en sortie du réacteur dans un récipient 30 relié au réacteur par une liaison étanche. Le réci¬ pient 30 comporte une tubulure d'évacuation 31 ayant une entrée disposée sous le niveau des cokes dans le réci¬ pient et par lequel les gaz de pyrolyse sont récupérés. Cette disposition évite toute introduction d'oxygène par l'aval de l'installation, et permet de se passer de dis¬ positif d' étanchéité complexe, comme des vannes à éclu¬ ses. According to a particular aspect of the invention illustrated here, the pyrolysis residues, in particular the cokes, are collected at the outlet of the reactor in a receptacle 30 connected to the reactor by a tight connection. The reci ¬ tainer 30 comprises an outlet nozzle 31 having an inlet disposed below the level of coke in the reci ¬ tainer and through which the pyrolysis gases are recovered. This provision prevents introduction of oxygen by the downstream installation, and eliminates the need to say ¬ positive for sealing complex as valves ECLU ¬ her.
L'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisa- tion qui vient d'être décrit, mais englobe au contraire toute variante reprenant, avec des moyens équivalents, les caractéristiques énoncées plus haut.  The invention is not limited to the embodiment which has just been described, but on the contrary covers any variant using, with equivalent means, the characteristics mentioned above.
En particulier, bien que l'organe de transfert du réacteur soit une vis de convoyage chauffable par effet Joule, on pourra utiliser un tube vibré lui aussi chauffé par effet Joule, le transfert du produit s' effectuant alors dans un tube hélicoïdal d'axe vertical.  In particular, although the transfer member of the reactor is a Joule effect heatable conveying screw, it is possible to use a vibrated tube which is also heated by the Joule effect, the transfer of the product then taking place in a helical tube of axis. vertical.
Bien que les moyens de liquéfaction comprennent ici une extrudeuse chauffante, ce qui permet de faire fonctionner le procédé de l'invention en continu, on pourra bien sûr utiliser d'autres moyens de liquéfaction à température de sortie régulée, comme un récipient que l'on remplit de déchets polymériques que l'on fait chauf¬ fer pour les liquéfier. Une vanne positionnée entre le récipient et le réacteur est alors ouverte pour faire pé¬ nétrer le produit sous forme liquide dans le réacteur. PAGE RECEIVED EMPTY UPON FILING Although the liquefaction means here comprise a heating extruder, which makes it possible to operate the process of the invention continuously, it will of course be possible to use other liquefaction means with a controlled outlet temperature, such as a container that the filled polymeric waste that is made centr ¬ iron to liquefy. A valve positioned between the container and the reactor is then opened to pe ¬ nérer product in liquid form in the reactor. PAGE RECEIVED EMPTY UPON FILING

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Installation pyrolyse d'un produit sous forme de solides divisés, en particulier des déchets polymériques tels que des plastiques, des caoutchoucs ou des élastomères, comportant : 1. Pyrolysis installation of a product in the form of divided solids, in particular polymeric waste such as plastics, rubbers or elastomers, comprising:
un dispositif de préconditionnement (10) pour préconditionner le produit et l'amener dans un état apte à faciliter sa pyrolyse ;  a preconditioning device (10) for preconditioning the product and bringing it into a state capable of facilitating its pyrolysis;
- un réacteur de pyrolyse (20) ayant une entrée reliée de façon étanche à une sortie (16) du dispositif de préconditionnement et qui est équipé d'au moins d'un organe de transfert chauffant (22) pour transférer le produit tout en le pyrolysant de l'entrée à une sortie du réacteur, sous la forme d'une vis de convoyage ou d'un tube vibré dont le matériau constitutif est associé à des moyens de son chauffage par effet Joule ;  a pyrolysis reactor (20) having an inlet sealingly connected to an outlet (16) of the preconditioning device and which is equipped with at least one heating transfer member (22) for transferring the product while at the same time pyrolyzing the inlet to an outlet of the reactor, in the form of a conveying screw or a vibrated tube whose constituent material is associated with means of its heating by Joule effect;
caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de préconditionnement comporte des moyens de liquéfaction (10) pour amener le produit en sortie du dispositif de préconditionnement dans un état liquide à une température de sortie, ainsi que des moyens de régulation pour réguler la température du produit en sortie du dispositif de préconditionnement en fonction d'une température représentative d'une température d'entrée du réacteur.  characterized in that the preconditioning device comprises liquefaction means (10) for bringing the product at the outlet of the preconditioning device into a liquid state at an outlet temperature, as well as regulating means for regulating the temperature of the product at the outlet of the preconditioning device according to a temperature representative of an inlet temperature of the reactor.
2. Installation selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les moyens de régulation maintiennent la température de sortie produit de l'extrudeuse sous la température d'entrée du réacteur, avec un écart inférieur à cent cinquante degrés Celsius .  2. Installation according to claim 1, wherein the regulating means maintain the product outlet temperature of the extruder under the inlet temperature of the reactor, with a difference of less than one hundred and fifty degrees Celsius.
3. Installation selon la revendication 2, dans lequel l'écart est inférieur à cent degrés Celsius.  3. Installation according to claim 2, wherein the difference is less than one hundred degrees Celsius.
4. Installation selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle les moyens de liquéfaction comportent une extrudeuse chauffante .  4. Installation according to claim 1, wherein the liquefying means comprise a heating extruder.
5. Procédé de pyrolyse d'un produit sous forme de solides divisés, en particulier des solides polymétriques tels que des déchets de plastique, de caoutchouc, ou d' élastomère, comportant les étapes successives suivantes : 5. Pyrolysis process of a product in the form of divided solids, in particular polymeric solids such as waste plastic, rubber, or elastomer, comprising the following successive steps:
- préconditionnement du produit pour l'amener dans un état apte à faciliter sa pyrolyse;  preconditioning the product to bring it into a state capable of facilitating its pyrolysis;
- pyrolyse du produit ainsi préconditionné au moyen d'un réacteur de pyrolyse ayant une entrée reliée de façon étanche à une sortie du dispositif de préconditionnement et qui est équipé d'au moins d'un organe de transfert chauffant pour transférer le produit tout en le pyrolysant de l'entrée à une sortie du réacteur sous la forme d'une vis tubulaire tournante ou d'un tube vibré dont le matériau constitutif est associé à des moyens de son chauffage par effet Joule,  pyrolysis of the product thus preconditioned by means of a pyrolysis reactor having an inlet sealingly connected to an outlet of the preconditioning device and which is equipped with at least one heating transfer member to transfer the product while at the same time pyrolyzing the inlet to an outlet of the reactor in the form of a rotating tubular screw or a vibrated tube whose constituent material is associated with means of its heating by Joule effect,
caractérisé en ce que l'étape de préconditionnement comporte une liquéfaction propre à amener le produit avant son introduction dans le réacteur dans un état liquide à une température de sortie donnée, avec une régulation de la température de sortie en fonction d'une température d'entrée du réacteur.  characterized in that the preconditioning step comprises a liquefaction capable of bringing the product before its introduction into the reactor in a liquid state at a given outlet temperature, with a regulation of the outlet temperature as a function of a temperature of reactor inlet.
6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, la régulation comprend le maintien de la température de sortie du produit sous la température d'entrée du réacteur, avec un écart inférieur à cent cinquante degrés Celsius.  6. The method of claim 5, the regulation comprises maintaining the outlet temperature of the product under the inlet temperature of the reactor, with a difference of less than one hundred and fifty degrees Celsius.
7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'écart est inférieur à cent degrés Celsius.  The method of claim 6, wherein the deviation is less than one hundred degrees Celsius.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans laquelle l'étape de liquéfaction comprend une extrusion à chaud.  The process of claim 5, wherein the liquefying step comprises hot extrusion.
EP11773706.4A 2011-10-10 2011-10-10 Process and installation for pyrolysis of a product in the form of divided solids, in particular polymer waste Withdrawn EP2766109A1 (en)

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