CN101100621A - Method and device for preparing biomass hydrogen-rich combustion gas - Google Patents
Method and device for preparing biomass hydrogen-rich combustion gas Download PDFInfo
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- CN101100621A CN101100621A CNA200710016669XA CN200710016669A CN101100621A CN 101100621 A CN101100621 A CN 101100621A CN A200710016669X A CNA200710016669X A CN A200710016669XA CN 200710016669 A CN200710016669 A CN 200710016669A CN 101100621 A CN101100621 A CN 101100621A
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Abstract
Production of biomass hydrogen-enriching fuel gas is carried out by thermal cracking for biomass raw materials at 550-650 deg. C under isolated air, converting it into gas-phase product and residual carbon, separating residual carbon from gas-phase product, transferring out of reacting system, burning to obtain heat energy, cracking at 800-950 deg. C and reforming into hydrogen, methane and other light hydrocarbons. It combines bitter spar catalyst and steam; it can eliminate tar, decrease methane content and increase hydrogen content. Hydrogen content reaches to 30%-55 wt%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of biomass hydrogen-rich fuel gas and a device for realizing the method.
Technical Field
The utilization process of hydrogen is clean and efficient, and the hydrogen has the potential of being used as important follow-up energy after fossil fuel is exhausted. The hydrogen production process by using conventional fossil fuels such as petroleum, natural gas and coal generally has serious environmental pollution, particularly greenhouse effect caused by large emission of carbon dioxide and the like, so that the environment and the ecology are irreversibly deteriorated. Biomass resources are huge in quantity and various in forms, and comprise agricultural and forestry residues, food processing and forest product processing leftovers, municipal solid wastes and the like. Meanwhile, the biomass energy is clean energy with low sulfur and zero emission of carbon dioxide, and can avoid the pollution of the hydrogen production process from fossil energy to the environment. There is great potential for the development of clean and sustainable biomass hydrogen production technologies.
The biomass thermochemical conversion hydrogen production technology is concerned by the characteristics of good raw material adaptability, easy industrial amplification and the like. The invention discloses a process method for preparing hydrogen from biomass and water by using solar energy and equipment thereof (patent number: 93118552.1), which decomposes biomass into solid, liquid and gaseous substances by using heat provided by solar energy under the conditions of temperature of 200-1000 ℃ and pressure of normal pressure. The solid material reacts with the water vapor to produce carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The liquid substance and the gaseous substance are cooled and separated to obtain mixed gas and liquid hydrocarbon, and the liquid hydrocarbon is subjected to catalytic cracking reaction to generate the mixed gas containing hydrogen. A method for preparing hydrogen-containing gas by biomass (03122801.1) comprises adding pulverized biomass, additive and water into a high-pressure reactor at a weight ratio of 1: 1-1.5: 5-15, heating at a heating rate of 10-20 ℃/min under nitrogen atmosphere to allow the reaction temperature to reach 300 ℃ and 700 ℃, reacting for 1-60 minutes after the reaction pressure reaches 10-50MPa, cooling to room temperature, separating gas and liquid products, wherein the gas is mixed gas containing hydrogen, and the liquid is biomass oil. In the patent "Method of producing hydrogen from biomass" (US 5651953), biomass containing 5g of cellulose is added into water, and a catalyst such as nickel, iron, cobalt, molybdenum and the like loaded on a porous carrier is used to obtain 11mmol of hydrogen in mixed gas under the conditions of 250-374 ℃ and 5-10 MPa. The coal and biomass co-supercritical water catalytic gasification hydrogen production device and method (200510041633.8) discloses a coal and biomass co-supercritical water catalytic gasification hydrogen production device and method, so that the hydrogen content in a gas product is increased, the concentration of carbon dioxide is increased, and the carbon dioxide is easy to separate. These methods have severe requirements for reactors and reaction conditions and complicated system control. The method for preparing the hydrogen-rich gas by catalyzing and gasifying biomass with the solid heat carrier (03133799.6) utilizes the solid heat carrier catalyst to be mixed and heated with the biomass, realizes the quick pyrolysis and the catalytic gasification of the biomass, realizes the continuous non-switching regeneration of the catalyst, and has the advantages of low tar yield and high gas production purity. A method for preparing hydrogen by catalysis of biomass downdraft gasifier and its device (200310111799.3) comprises introducing oxygen-rich gas into the gasification throat of downdraft gasifier to realize incomplete combustion, performing steam reforming reaction and tar cracking reaction in the reduction zone under the action of catalyst, and performing further tar cracking reaction on the fuel gas from the bottom of gasifier in a fixed bed catalytic reactor to obtain hydrogen-rich fuel gas. The method introduces the action of air in the hydrogen production process, and the nitrogen dilutes the concentration of the hydrogen, thereby improving the difficulty of hydrogen purification and fuel gas utilization.
The invention patent of China 'method and device for preparing hydrogen-rich gas from biomass' (patent number 03112464.X) adopts the method of introducing water vapor into a low-temperature cracking reactor for thermal cracking, and then the gas product is sent into a high-temperature cracking reactor at 1000-1200 ℃ to obtain the hydrogen-rich gas. The addition of steam in the pyrolysis process can increase the pyrolysis energy consumption, and the excessive temperature adopted in the high-temperature pyrolysis section can cause the serious carbon precipitation in the reaction process, and simultaneously, higher requirements on the material of a reaction device and the process energy consumption are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a high-efficiency preparation method of biomass hydrogen-rich gas, which has mild reaction conditions and normal-pressure operation and does not introduce air in the process.
The scheme of the invention is realized by the following measures: under the condition of air isolation, the granular biomass raw material is pyrolyzed at the temperature of 550-650 ℃ to be converted into a gas-phase product and residual carbon; separating residual carbon from the gas-phase product, then removing the residual carbon out of the reaction system, and obtaining heat through combustion for energy loss in the biomass hydrogen energy power generation process; the gas phase product generated after pyrolysis is cracked at the temperature of 800-950 ℃, the cracking and reforming of the gas phase product are realized by combining the action of a dolomite catalyst and water vapor, the heavy hydrocarbon components (tar) with larger molecular weight are cracked and reformed into hydrogen, methane and other light hydrocarbons, the tar is eliminated, the content of hydrocarbons such as methane is reduced, the content and the yield of hydrogen in the gas are improved, and the hydrogen-rich fuel gas with the volume content of hydrogen of 30-55% is prepared.
The gas phase products analyzed by pyrolysis volatilization in the biomass raw material comprise gases which are not condensed at normal temperature, such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and the like, and macromolecular hydrocarbons condensed into liquid at normal temperature. And removing the residual carbon out of the reaction system, cracking the pyrolysis product, and realizing the cracking and reforming of the gas-phase product by combining the action of the catalyst and the steam. The method combines pyrolysis and cracking, the pyrolysis carbon residue is usedfor meeting the energy consumption in the hydrogen production process, and the action of steam and a catalyst is introduced in the cracking, so that the operation temperature and the process energy consumption are reduced, the fuel gas quality is improved, and the carbon precipitation is reduced.
The preparation method of the biomass hydrogen-rich fuel gas provided by the invention specifically comprises the following steps:
crushing biomass raw materials such as straws with the water content of 10-20% and quantitatively feeding the crushed biomass raw materials into a pyrolysis reactor;
the biomass raw material is conveyed to the rear part of the pyrolysis reactor by a spiral conveying device and is indirectly heated, the biomass pyrolysis under the condition of isolating air occurs in the conveying process, the temperature of the pyrolysis reactor is regulated by an external flue gas heating and controlling device, the pyrolysis temperature is 550-650 ℃, the pyrolysis reaction time is at least 5 minutes, and the reaction time is realized by regulating and controlling the rotating speed of a motor and a speed changer. Volatilizing and analyzing components accounting for 60-75% of the weight of the biomass raw material to obtain a gas-phase product, wherein the gas-phase product comprises gases which are not condensed at normal temperature, such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and the like, and macromolecular compounds which are condensed into liquid at normal temperature, such as tar and the like;
at the rear part of the pyrolysis reactor, separating a biomass pyrolysis solid-phase product from a gas-phase product; the gas phase product enters a dust remover to remove particle impurities in the gas phase product; the solid phase product enters a residual carbon collecting box and is sent to a residual carbon combustor through a conveying mechanism, good combustion is realized by adjusting air supply, and high-temperature flue gas at about 1000 ℃ is obtained and is used for maintaining the temperature level of a pyrolysis reaction part and a cracking reaction part and the energy required by producing superheated steam;
the dedusted pyrolysis gas phase product enters a cracking reactor, a dolomite catalyst is filled in the cracking reactor, superheated steam at 140 ℃ is introduced, the mass flow of the steam is 10-30% of the mass of the added biomass, and the regulation is carried out according to the characteristics of the biomass raw material; the temperature of the cracker is adjusted by using a flue gas heating and controlling device, the cracking is carried out at the temperature of 800-. The hydrogen-rich fuel gas can be sent to a heat recovery device to be purified after heat is recovered or sent to a fuel gas utilization device. The optimized pyrolysis temperature is 600-650 ℃, the pyrolysis temperature is 850-900 ℃, the pyrolysis reaction time is 6-8 minutes, and the pyrolysis reaction time is 3-6 seconds, so that the matching of the pyrolysis process and the secondary pyrolysis process can be realized, and the process energy consumption can be reduced.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a device for realizing the preparation method of the biomass hydrogen-rich fuel gas.
A biomass hydrogen-rich gas preparation device comprises: the pyrolysis device comprises a pyrolyzer and a pyrolyzer, wherein the pyrolyzer is provided with a pyrolysis reaction chamber and a pyrolysis heating chamber coated on the periphery of the pyrolysis reaction chamber, and the pyrolyzer is provided with a pyrolysis reaction chamber and a pyrolysis heating chamber coated on the periphery of the pyrolysis reaction chamber; the cracking reaction chamber is provided with a steam input pipe, a cracking reaction chamber air inlet and a cracking reaction chamber air outlet, and the cracking heating chamber is provided with a cracking heating chamber flue gas inlet and a cracking heating chamber flue gas outlet; and a dust remover is arranged between the gas outlet of the pyrolysis reaction chamber and the gas inlet of the pyrolysis reaction chamber. And the flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis heating chamber is communicated with the flue gas inlet of the pyrolysis heating chamber.
The pyrolysis reaction chamber ash discharging port is connected with a residual carbon collecting box, the residual carbon collecting box conveys residual carbon to a residual carbon combustor through a spiral feeder, and a smoke outlet of the residual carbon combustor is communicated with a pyrolysis heating chamber smoke inlet and a pyrolysis heating chamber smoke inlet respectively. A screw feeder driven by a motor is arranged in the pyrolysis reaction chamber.
The device is characterized by also comprising a superheated steam generator, wherein the superheated steam generator comprises a steam generating chamber and a steam generator heating chamber coated on the periphery of the steam generating chamber, a steam generator heating chamber flue gas inlet is communicated with the pyrolysis heating chamber flue gas outlet, and the superheated steam generator steam outlet is communicated with the steam input pipe.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the method of the invention has mild operation conditions and normal pressure operation, thereby reducing the requirements on reactor materials and control. 2. Air is not introduced in the reaction process, so that the dilution effect of nitrogen on product gas is reduced, the generated hydrogen-rich gas is simple in composition, the content of impurities such as tar is low, and the difficulty in gas purification and purification is reduced. 3. In the cracking process, a catalyst and steam are adopted, so that the operation temperature is reduced, the conversion effect of tar and hydrocarbon is improved, and the occurrence of carbon precipitation is reduced. 4. The method of the invention utilizes the heat generated by the combustion of the pyrolysis residual carbon to meet the energy consumption of the hydrogen production process without consuming additional energy. 5. According to the device, the steam inlet is arranged in the cracking reaction chamber, the dolomite catalyst is filled in the cracking reaction chamber, the operation temperature of the cracking section is reduced to 800-950 ℃, and the generation of carbon precipitation in the cracking reaction process is reduced. 6. The device of the invention adopts the residual carbon conveying device and the residual carbon combustor to realize the combustion and energy release of the pyrolysis residual carbon, and uses hot flue gas generated by the combustion for heating the pyrolyzer, the pyrolyzer and the superheated steam generator. 7. Aiming at different heating temperatures and energy consumptions required by the pyrolyzer, the pyrolyzer and the superheated steam generator, the flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis heating chamber is connected with the flue gas inlet of the pyrolysis heating chamber, and the flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis heating chamber is connected with the heating chamber inlet of the superheated steam generator, so that the heat of high-temperature flue gas can be fully utilized, the energy waste is reduced, and the energy conservation and emission reduction are realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a biomass hydrogen-rich fuel gas production system;
in the figure: 1. motor, 2, reducer, 3, hopper, 4, feeder, 5, motor, 6, reducer, 7, pyrolyzer, 8, pyrolysis reaction chamber, 9, pyrolysis heating chamber, 10, residual carbon collecting box, 11, dust remover, 12, pyrolyzer, 13, pyrolysis reaction chamber, 14, pyrolysis heating chamber, 15, superheated steam generator, 16, steam generating chamber, 17, steam generator heating chamber, 18, motor, 19, reducer, 20, residual carbon conveying mechanism, 21, residual carbon burner, 22, residual carbon burner flue gas outlet, 23, pyrolysis heating chamber flue gas inlet, 24, pyrolysis heating chamber flue gas outlet, 25, pyrolysis flue gas inlet, 26, pyrolysis flue gas outlet, 27, superheated steam input pipe, 28, steam outlet, 29, pressure relief port, 30, steam heating chamber flue gas inlet, 31, steam heating chamber flue gas outlet, 32, pyrolysis heating chamber flue gas outlet, 28, steam outlet, 29, pressure relief port, 30, steam heating chamber flue gas inlet, 31, steam heating chamber flue gas outlet, 32, pyrolysis, A water inlet of the steam generating chamber, 33 and a chimney.
Detailed Description
Biomass raw materials such as straws with the water content of 10-20% are added into a hopper 3 through crushing pretreatment, and are quantitatively sent into a pyrolyzer 7 through a feeder 4 driven by a motor 1 and a speed reducer 2. The feeder 4 is a screw feeder.
The biomass raw material is conveyed to the rear part of a pyrolysis reaction chamber 8 by a spiral conveying device in the pyrolysis reaction chamber 8 of a pyrolyzer 4, the biomass pyrolysis is carried out under the condition of isolating air in the conveying process, the temperature in the pyrolysis reaction chamber 8 is regulated by a flue gas heating and controlling device in the pyrolysis heating chamber 9, the pyrolysis temperature is 550-650 ℃, the pyrolysis reaction time is at least 5 minutes, the volatile gas accounting for 60-75% of the weight of the biomass raw materialis analyzed, and the gas phase pyrolysis product comprises gases which are not condensed at normal temperature such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and the like, and macromolecular compounds which are condensed into liquid at normal temperature such as tar and the like. The basic reactions of the process are:
at the rear of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 8, biomass pyrolysis solid phase products are separated from gas phase products. The gas phase product enters a dust separator 11 to remove particulate impurities from the gas phase product. The solid phase product enters the carbon residue collection box 10 and is sent into the carbon residue combustor 21 through the conveying mechanism 20, good combustion is realized through adjusting air supply, high-temperature flue gas is obtained and is used for maintaining the temperature level of a pyrolysis reaction part and a cracking reaction part and producing energy required by superheated steam, and the flue gas after heat recovery is discharged through a chimney 33. The basic reactions of the process are:
C+O2＝CO2+ Heat quantity
The pyrolysis gas phase products after dust removal enter the cracking reaction chamber 13. The cracking reaction chamber 13 is filled with a dolomite catalyst, superheated steam (140 ℃) is introduced, the mass flow of the steam is 10-30% of the mass of the added biomass, and the steam is adjusted according to the characteristics of the biomass raw material. The temperature of the cracker 12 is adjusted by a flue gas heating and controlling device in the cracking heating chamber 14, the cracking is carried out under the conditions that the temperature is 800-. The basic reactions of the process are:
CO+H2O _ H2+CO2carbon monoxide shift reaction
CH4+H2O_3H2+ CO methane reforming reaction
C+H2O _ H2+ CO water gas reaction
The hydrogen-rich fuel gas can be sent to a heat recovery device to be purified after heat is recovered or sent to a fuel gas utilization device.
Example 1: the method is characterized in that rice hull powder is used as a raw material, the water content of the raw material is 12%, the pyrolysis temperature is 550 ℃, the residence time in a pyrolysis reaction chamber is 6.5 minutes, the pyrolysis temperature is 850 ℃, the pyrolysis reaction time is 3 seconds, a dolomite catalyst is adopted, the addition amount of water vapor is 10% of the biomass mass, and the fuel gas composition (volume content) is as follows: 35.9% of hydrogen, 24.0% of carbon monoxide, 25.5% of carbon dioxide and 12.1% of methane.
Example 2: the method is characterized in that rice hull powder is used as a raw material, the water content of the raw material is 12%, the pyrolysis temperature is 600 ℃, the residence time in a pyrolysis reaction chamber is 6.5 minutes, the pyrolysis temperature is 900 ℃, the pyrolysis reaction time is 4.5 seconds, a dolomite catalyst is adopted, the addition amount of water vapor is 20% of the biomass mass, and the fuel gas composition (volume content) is as follows: 45.6% of hydrogen, 14.7% of carbon monoxide, 30.8% of carbon dioxide and 7.4% of methane.
Example 3: the method is characterized in that rice hull powder is used as a raw material, the water content of the raw material is 12%, the pyrolysis temperature is 650 ℃, the residence time in a pyrolysis reaction chamber is 8 minutes, the pyrolysis temperature is 950 ℃, the pyrolysis reaction time is 4.5 seconds, a dolomite catalyst is adopted in a secondary pyrolysis section, the addition amount of water vapor is 30% of the biomass mass, and the fuel gas composition (volume content) is as follows: 52.1% of hydrogen, 9.8% of carbon monoxide, 33.2% of carbon dioxide and 3.2% of methane. It can be seen that the increase in secondary cracking temperature and steam addition can significantly increase hydrogen yield and reduce methane content.
Example 4: the method is characterized in that the corn straw powder is used as a raw material, the moisture content of the raw material is 15%, the pyrolysis temperature is 650 ℃, the residence time in a pyrolysis reaction chamber is 6.5 minutes, the pyrolysis temperature is 800 ℃, the pyrolysis reaction time is 4.5 seconds, a dolomite catalyst is adopted in a secondary pyrolysis section, the addition amount of water vapor is 20% of the biomass mass, and the fuel gas composition (volume content) is as follows: 43.1% of hydrogen, 15.6% of carbon monoxide, 34.9% of carbon dioxide and 4.4% of methane.
Example 5: the method is characterized in that the corn straw powder is used as a raw material, the moisture content of the raw material is 15%, the pyrolysis temperature is 600 ℃, the residence time in a pyrolysis reaction chamber is 8 minutes, the pyrolysis temperature is 900 ℃, the pyrolysis reaction time is 6 seconds, a dolomite catalyst is adopted in a secondary pyrolysis section, the addition amount of water vapor is 30 of the biomass mass, and the fuel gas composition (volume content) is as follows: 50.5% of hydrogen, 8.4% of carbon monoxide, 35.3% of carbon dioxide and 3.8% of methane.
The biomass feeder 4 is arranged below the hopper 3, the conveying of raw materials from the hopper 3 to the pyrolyzer 7 is realized through a spiral conveying device, and the feeding speed is controlled by the motor 1 and the speed changer 2. A spiral conveying device is arranged in a pyrolysis reaction chamber 8 of the pyrolyzer 7, the conveying speed is controlled by a motor 5 and a speed changer 6, a pyrolysis heating chamber 9 is assembled outside the pyrolysis reaction chamber 8, and the pyrolysis temperature is regulated and controlled by monitoring the temperature of the pyrolysis reaction chamber 8 and correspondingly regulating the flow of flue gas. The carbon residue collecting box 10 is arranged below the tail part of the pyrolyzer 7, and the upper part of the pyrolyzer is connected with the dust remover 11 through a gas pipeline. The rear part of the dust remover 11 is connected with a cracking reaction chamber 13 of the cracker 12. The cracker 12 is a horizontally arranged pipeline, the inside of the cracking reaction chamber 13 is filled with a catalyst, the outside of the cracking reaction chamber is provided with a cracking heating chamber 14, and the temperature regulation and control are realized by monitoring the temperature of the cracking reaction chamber 13 and correspondingly regulating the flow of flue gas. The front end of the cracking reaction chamber 13 of the cracker 12 is provided with a superheated steam input pipe 27, and the superheated steam input pipe 27 is connected with the superheated steam generator 15. The superheated steam generator 15 steam generating chamber water inlet 32 is connected to a water source, the superheated steam generator 15 steam outlet 28 is connected to the superheated steam input pipe 27, and the pressure relief port 29 is evacuated. The residual carbon conveying device 20 is arranged at the lower part of the residual carbon collecting box 10, and the conveying speed of the residual carbon is controlled by the motor 18 and the speed changer 19. The residual carbon conveying device 20 is connectedwith the residual carbon combustor 21, the high-temperature flue gas outlet 22 of the residual carbon combustor 21 is connected with the pyrolysis heating chamber flue gas inlet 25 and the pyrolysis heating chamber flue gas inlet 23, the pyrolysis heating chamber flue gas outlet 26 is connected with the pyrolysis heating chamber inlet 23, the pyrolyzer heating chamber outlet 24 is connected with the superheated steam heating chamber flue gas inlet 30, and the steam heating chamber flue gas outlet 31 is connected with the chimney 33. The outlet pipe of the cracker 12 will be connected to specific gas cooling, storage, distribution or utilization devices depending on the use of the gas. All key parts in the system need to be insulated to prevent heat loss and scald.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of biomass hydrogen-rich fuel gas is characterized in that biomass raw materials are pyrolyzed at the temperature of 550-650 ℃ to be converted into gas-phase products and carbon residue under the condition of air isolation; separating residual carbon from the gas-phase product, then removing the residual carbon out of the reaction system, and obtaining heat through combustion for energy loss in the biomass hydrogen energy power generation process; the gas phase product generated after pyrolysis is cracked at the temperature of 800-950 ℃, the cracking and reforming of the gas phase product are realized by combining the action of a dolomite catalyst and water vapor, the heavy hydrocarbon components (tar) with larger molecular weight are cracked and reformed into hydrogen, methane and other light hydrocarbons, the tar is eliminated, the content of hydrocarbons such as methane is reduced, the content and the yield of hydrogen in the gas are improved, and the hydrogen-rich fuel gas with the volume content of hydrogen of 30-55% is prepared.
2. The preparation method of biomass hydrogen-rich gas as claimed in claim 1, wherein biomass raw material with water content of 10% -20% is crushed and then quantitatively fed into a pyrolysis reactor;
the biomass raw material is conveyed to the rear part of the pyrolysis reactor by a spiral conveying device and is indirectly heated, the biomass pyrolysis under the condition of isolating air occurs in the conveying process, the temperature of the pyrolysis reactor is regulated by an external flue gas heating and control device, the pyrolysis temperature is 550-650 ℃, the biomass raw material stays in the pyrolysis reactor for at least 5 minutes, components accounting for 60-75% of the weight of the biomass raw material are volatilized and analyzed to form a gas-phase product, and the gas-phase product comprises gases which are not condensed at normal temperature, such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane and the like, and macromolecular compound tar which is condensed into liquid at normal temperature;
at the rear part of the pyrolysis reactor, separating a biomass raw material pyrolysis solid-phase product from a gas-phase product; the gas phase product enters a dust remover to remove particle impurities in the gas phase product; the solid phase product enters a residual carbon collecting box and is sent to a residual carbon combustor through a conveying mechanism, good combustion is realized through adjusting air supply, and high-temperature flue gas is obtained and is used for maintaining the temperature level of a pyrolysis reaction part and a cracking reaction part and producing energy required by superheated steam;
the dedusted pyrolysis gas phase product enters a cracking reactor, a dolomite catalyst is filled in the cracking reactor, superheated steam at 140 ℃ is introduced, the mass flow of the steam is 10-30% of the mass of the added biomass,and the regulation is carried out according to the characteristics of the biomass raw material; the temperature of the cracker is adjusted by using a flue gas heating and controlling device, the cracker is cracked at the temperature of 800-.
3. The method for preparing the biomass hydrogen-rich fuel gas as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the optimized pyrolysis temperature is 600-650 ℃, and the secondary pyrolysis temperature is 850-900 ℃.
4. The method for preparing the biomass hydrogen-rich fuel gas according to the claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the preferred pyrolysis reaction time is 6-8 minutes, and the pyrolysis reaction time is 3-6 seconds.
5. The method for preparing the biomass hydrogen-rich fuel gas as claimed in claim 2, wherein the high-temperature flue gas generated by burning the residual carbon is sequentially used in a cracking heating process, a pyrolysis heating process and a superheated steam generating process, and the requirements of different heating temperatures and energy consumption of three parts are met, so that the heat of the high-temperature flue gas is fully utilized, and the energy loss is reduced.
6. A biomass hydrogen-rich gas preparation device comprises: the pyrolysis device comprises a pyrolyzer and a pyrolyzer, wherein the pyrolyzer is provided with a pyrolysis reaction chamber and a pyrolysis heating chamber coated on the periphery of the pyrolysis reaction chamber, and the pyrolyzer is provided with a pyrolysis reaction chamber and a pyrolysis heating chamber coated on the periphery of the pyrolysis reaction chamber; the pyrolysis reaction chamber is provided with the vapor input pipe, pyrolysis reaction chamber air inlet and pyrolysis reaction chamber gas outlet, the pyrolysis heating chamber is provided with pyrolysis heating chamber flue gas inlet and pyrolysis heating chamber exhanst gas outlet, pyrolysis reaction chamber gas outlet and pyrolysis reaction chamber air inlet UNICOM, pyrolysis heating chamber exhanst gas outlet and pyrolysis heating chamber flue gas inlet UNICOM.
7. The biomass hydrogen-rich gas preparation device as claimed in claim 6, wherein a dust remover is arranged between the gas outlet of the pyrolysis reaction chamber and the gas inlet of the pyrolysis reaction chamber.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein a carbon residue collecting box is connected to the ash discharge port of the pyrolysis reaction chamber, the carbon residue collecting box feeds carbon residue to the carbon residue burner through a screw feeder, and the smoke outlet of the carbon residue burner is respectively communicated with the flue gas inlet of the pyrolysis heating chamber and the flue gas inlet of the pyrolysis heating chamber.
9. The biomass hydrogen-rich gas preparation device as claimed in claim 6, wherein a screw feeder driven by a motor is provided in the pyrolysis reaction chamber.
10. The biomass hydrogen-rich gas preparation device according to claim 6, further comprising a superheated steam generator, wherein the superheated steam generator comprises a steam generation chamber and a steam heating chamber covering the periphery of the steam generation chamber, a flue gas inlet of the steam heating chamber is communicated with the flue gas outlet of the pyrolysis heating chamber, and the steam outlet of the superheated steam generator is communicated with the steam input pipe.
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