EP3526174A1 - Fluidifiant pour géopolymères - Google Patents

Fluidifiant pour géopolymères

Info

Publication number
EP3526174A1
EP3526174A1 EP17777923.8A EP17777923A EP3526174A1 EP 3526174 A1 EP3526174 A1 EP 3526174A1 EP 17777923 A EP17777923 A EP 17777923A EP 3526174 A1 EP3526174 A1 EP 3526174A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
weight
silicate
water
geopolymer
composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17777923.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Daniela Hesselbarth
Thomas Moser
Tugba TURAN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sika Technology AG
Original Assignee
Sika Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sika Technology AG filed Critical Sika Technology AG
Publication of EP3526174A1 publication Critical patent/EP3526174A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/006—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mineral polymers, e.g. geopolymers of the Davidovits type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
    • C04B14/04—Silica-rich materials; Silicates
    • C04B14/10—Clay
    • C04B14/106—Kaolin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/06—Combustion residues, e.g. purification products of smoke, fumes or exhaust gases
    • C04B18/08—Flue dust, i.e. fly ash
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
    • C04B18/14—Waste materials; Refuse from metallurgical processes
    • C04B18/141—Slags
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B24/00—Use of organic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. plasticisers
    • C04B24/24—Macromolecular compounds
    • C04B24/26—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C04B24/2641—Polyacrylates; Polymethacrylates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
    • C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2103/00—Function or property of ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B2103/30—Water reducers, plasticisers, air-entrainers, flow improvers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of geopolymers and the condenser for geopolymers.
  • Geopolymers are known as an alternative to cement-based building materials. Geopolymers are considered to be environmentally friendly building materials because the production of their starting materials produces significantly less CO2 than in the production of Portland cement. When cured, building materials containing geopolymers as binders usually have better chemical resistance and better temperature resistance than Portland cement-based building materials. Geopolymers generally consist of an aluminum silicate component and an alkali silicate component, which react with one another in a geopolymerization reaction. As aluminum silicate component are among other things fly ash, slag and
  • geopolymers with a high solids content or small amount of water are very viscous and often sticky, and thus difficult to process. Although an increased amount of water improves the processability, it negatively affects the strength and durability after curing. Since in the geopolymerization reaction, unlike hydraulic binders such as cement, no water is consumed, after curing, the water needed for processing remains largely present and leaves pores after drying of the molded article which increase strength and strength Reduce the durability of the molding.
  • US 2012/0192765 describes special geopolymer cements which may contain a crosslinked polyacrylic acid.
  • Crosslinked polyacrylic acids typically increase the viscosity of a solution. A liquefying effect of the crosslinked polyacrylic acid is not shown.
  • WO 2010/079414 describes geopolymers which contain condenser known condenser for Portland cement-based concrete mixtures.
  • WO 201 1/072784 describes geopolymer compositions containing a carbohydrate as a water reducer.
  • carbohydrates can greatly delay the setting of the geopolymer.
  • WO 2015/049010 describes geopolymer compositions which contain inter alia an organic acid, preferably tartaric acid.
  • the condensers used are polycarboxylate ethers (PCE).
  • PCE polycarboxylate ethers
  • polycarboxylate ethers are expensive, and tartaric acid severely retards the setting of the geopolymer.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an effective condenser for geopolymers, which allows a long and simple processability, without delaying the hardening too much or to reduce the final strength to an undesirable degree.
  • the additive A comprises at least one water-soluble polymer which is a homo- or copolymer of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid which partially or completely neutralized with an alkali ion.
  • a polymer is outstandingly suitable for the liquefaction of geopolymers. It improves the flow behavior of geopolymers and also ensures that they remain processable over a longer period of time.
  • the liquefying effect of the water-soluble polymer can be significantly increased, whereby geopolymers of high strength are obtained.
  • Both the water-soluble polymer and the alkali silicate are commercially readily available and inexpensive.
  • geopolymers containing metakaolin are difficult to process and are usually sticky.
  • the inventive additive A is very well suited to liquefy metakaolin-containing geopolymers.
  • the invention relates to the use of an additive A comprising
  • At least one water-soluble polymer which is a homo- or copolymer of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid which is partially or completely neutralized with an alkali ion, and
  • a "water-soluble polymer” is understood as meaning a polymer which has a solubility of at least 10 g per liter of water at 20 ° C. under atmospheric pressure and at least one pH from the series 2, 7 or 12. Preferred water-soluble polymers have at these conditions a solubility of 100 g per liter of water.
  • molecular weight refers to weight average M w or number average M n of an oligomeric or polymeric mixture of molecules. It is determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • the additive A according to the invention comprises at least one water-soluble polymer which is a homo- or copolymer of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid which is partially or completely neutralized with an alkali ion.
  • a polymer is obtainable by homo- or copolymerization of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid.
  • the monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid may be present as free acid or as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salt, the polymer being partially or completely neutralized in the event that the monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid is present as free acid.
  • the monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid may be polymerized with other unsaturated carboxylic acids and / or with other polymerizable monoethylenically unsaturated monomers.
  • Particularly suitable unsaturated carboxylic acids for this purpose are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, crotonic acid or itaconic acid.
  • Suitable polymerizable, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers are, in particular, allyl alcohol, ethylene, propylene, vinylsulfonic acid,
  • the water-soluble polymer is in particular a linear or branched polymer which is not crosslinked.
  • the water-soluble polymer is a linear polymer.
  • the water-soluble polymer is in particular producible by free radical polymerization.
  • Suitable initiators for this purpose are in particular peroxides, hydroperoxides, persulfates or azo initiators.
  • the free-radical polymerization is preferably carried out under conditions which regulate the molecular weight, in particular by adding mercaptans, alkali sulfite, alkali phosphite or alkali hypophosphite.
  • Preferred is a water-soluble polymer which is a homo- or copolymer of at least one monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid from a radical polymerization in water in the presence of alkali sulfite or alkali hypophosphite.
  • the water-soluble polymer can also be prepared by means of "living" radical polymerization.
  • the water-soluble polymer is a homo- or copolymer of acrylic acid, in particular a homopolymer of acrylic acid or a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid or a copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid.
  • the water-soluble polymer is particularly preferably polyacrylic acid or a copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid.
  • water-soluble polymer Most preferred as the water-soluble polymer is polyacrylic acid.
  • Polyacrylic acid is readily available, inexpensive and shows a particularly good effect as a plasticizer.
  • the water-soluble polymer preferably has an average molecular weight M w in the range from 1 ⁇ 00 to 20 ⁇ 00 g / mol, more preferably 1 ⁇ 00 to 10 ⁇ 00 g / mol, in particular 2 ⁇ 00 to 8 ⁇ 00 g / mol.
  • Such polymers have a good effect as plasticizers without excessively negatively affecting the processability, hardening or compressive strength of the geopolymer.
  • Polymers with higher or lower molecular weights deteriorate processability and / or undesirably reduce compressive strength. Polymers with lower molecular weights also show an insufficient
  • 20 to 100%, particularly preferably 50 to 100%, in particular 80 to 100%, of the acid groups of the water-soluble polymer are neutralized.
  • Such a polymer can be mixed particularly well, in particular without flocculation or gel formation, with the geopolymer.
  • the neutralization is carried out in particular with a sodium and / or a potassium hydroxide.
  • the water-soluble Polymer is a sodium or potassium salt of polyacrylic acid, preferably a sodium salt.
  • the water-soluble polymer is a sodium or potassium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, preferably a sodium salt.
  • the water-soluble polymer is a sodium or potassium salt of a copolymer of acrylic acid and maleic acid, preferably a sodium salt.
  • Suitable water-soluble polymers are commercially available, especially Sokalan CP ® or Sokalan ® PA types from BASF.
  • the water-soluble polymer is a homopolymer of acrylic acid, which is present as Na salt and has an average molecular weight M w in the range of 2 ⁇ 00 to 8 ⁇ 00 g / mol.
  • the additive A is used as a condenser for geopolymers.
  • it is preferably used in such an amount that the water-soluble polymer is used in an amount of 1 to 10 parts by weight, preferably 1 .1 to 8
  • Parts by weight more preferably 1 .2 to 5 parts by weight, calculated as
  • Aluminum silicates is present.
  • the additive A comprises at least one alkali silicate Si.
  • the combination of alkali silicate Si and the water-soluble polymer in the additive A shows a higher liquefying effect than the water-soluble polymer alone.
  • the alkali silicate Si allows increased strength of the geopolymer.
  • Alkali silicate is also referred to as a water glass and is a substance of the formula M 2 O * n S1O2, where M is Na, K or Li and n is the ratio of S1O2 to M 2 O.
  • Commercially available alkali metal silicates typically have values of n in the range of about 0.5 to 4.
  • Alkali silicate dissolved in water is an alkaline see, clear, colloidal solution or a gel.
  • the alkali metal silicates also include orthosilicates, MO 4 Si with n equal to 0.5, and metasilicates, M2O3S1 with n equal to 1.
  • the alkali metal silicate Si is a sodium or potassium silicate.
  • alkali silicate Si with a molar ratio of SiO 2 to M 2 O in the range from 0.8 to 3.6, preferably 0.8 to 2, particularly preferably 0.8 to 1 .5, where M is Na and / or K, is preferred.
  • Such alkali silicate Si allows an additive A with particularly good storage stability, especially as a powder. In addition, it shows a particularly good effect as a plasticizer and allows a particularly high strength of the cured geopolymer.
  • a preferred alkali silicate Si is Na metasilicate which has a ratio of S1O2 to Na2O of 1.
  • the appropriate amount of alkali silicate Si in the additive A depends on the composition of the geopolymer and the water-soluble polymer and therefore may vary.
  • the alkali silicate Si is present in an amount in the range of 10 to 100 parts by weight, more preferably 15 to 80 parts by weight, especially 20 to 60 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the water-soluble polymer, both as a solid.
  • the additive A may be in the form of an aqueous solution, an aqueous suspension, or as a dry or wet powder.
  • aqueous solution or aqueous suspension allows easy and good metering and mixing with the geopolymer.
  • Such solutions or suspensions are particularly easy to handle and store.
  • the use as a powder has the advantage that the storage stability of the additive A is particularly good and a particularly low proportion of water in the geopolymer is made possible. A high water content in the geopolymer can cause a reduced strength.
  • the additive A can be produced particularly easily.
  • the water-soluble polymer can be dissolved in water or it is already present as an aqueous solution.
  • the additive A may be prepared by mixing an aqueous solution of the water-soluble polymer with an aqueous solution of the alkali silicate Si as an aqueous solution, or by dissolving a solid alkali silicate Si in an aqueous solution of the water-soluble polymer.
  • the additive A can be prepared in particular by the water-soluble polymer is in solid form and, if desired, mixed with solid alkali metal silicate Si, or by drying the additive A in the form of an aqueous solution, for example by freeze-drying or spray-drying, if appropriate with a carrier material, and optionally with subsequent grinding, to obtain a fine powder.
  • the additive A may contain, in addition to the water-soluble polymer and optionally the alkali silicate Si further ingredients.
  • Suitable further ingredients are, in particular, organic acids or hydroxycarboxylic acids, in particular adipic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, salicylic acid or gluconic acid, or their alkali metal salts, furthermore customary cement liquefiers, in particular lignosulfonate, sulfonated melamine condensate, sulfonated naphthalene condensate or polycarboxylate ether.
  • the additive A is an aqueous
  • the additive A is a pulverulent preparation of
  • the additive A is used as a condenser for geopolymers.
  • a suitable geopolymer consists in particular of
  • a powder component comprising at least one aluminum silicate and
  • An aqueous component comprising at least one alkali silicate S 2 , which cure after mixing to a solid.
  • Suitable for this purpose are all aluminum silicates with which a geopolymer can be prepared.
  • Aluminum silicates are clay, calcined clay, fly ash, blast furnace slag, aluminum slag, zeolite, feldspar or mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred aluminum silicates are selected from the group consisting of clay, calcined clay, fly ash and blast furnace slag. Of these, a mixture comprising fly ash and blast furnace slag is preferred, a mixture of fly ash and / or blast furnace slag with calcined clay, in particular metakaolin, being particularly preferred, a mixture of metakaolin with fly ash being particularly preferred.
  • the composition of the ingredients of metakaolin varies only slightly from production batch to production batch, which is a particular advantage of these geopolymers.
  • the mixture of metakaolin with fly ash and / or blast furnace slag is particularly good suitable for the production of geopolymers with high resistance and strength.
  • clay refers to water-containing aluminum silicate that is formed during weathering processes. Clays include kaolinite, bentonite, common clays and kaolinite clays.
  • the reaction product of calcining a clay mineral is typically referred to as 600 to 850 ° C.
  • the amorphous reaction product from the calcining of the clay mineral kaolin is typically referred to at 600 to 850 ° C.
  • the resulting mostly platelet-shaped structure of the metakaolin makes such geopolymers sticky and difficult to process.
  • Suitable metakaolin is commercially available, for example from Newchem AG, Switzerland.
  • “Fly ash” is a by-product from coal power plants, which is filtered out of the exhaust air in the form of a fine powder Suitable fly ash is commercially available, for example from BauMineral GmbH, Germany.
  • Blast furnace slag also known as blast furnace slag
  • blast furnace slag is the non-metallic by-product used in iron production, with different types of slag being produced as the molten mass cools and solidifies, depending on the process Blast furnace slag is used in particular as a fine powder Suitable blast-furnace slag is commercially available, for example at HeidelbergCement AG, Germany.
  • aluminum slag refers to the waste product obtained in the production of aluminum oxide, an intermediate in the production of aluminum, from aluminum-containing ores, in particular bauxite.
  • Aluminum slag is also referred to as red mud or red mud.
  • the additive A is used as a condenser for geopolymers whose powder component comprises at least 10% by weight of metakaolin,
  • Powder component containing The composition of the ingredients in the aluminum silicates, which are by-products of industries such as fly ash or slag, often varies widely from production lot to production lot.
  • the composition of the ingredients of metakaolin varies only slightly from production lot to production lot, which represents a particular advantage of geopolymers containing metakaolin.
  • Geopolymers in which the aluminum silicate of the powder component comprises only metakaolin can generally be processed worse than geopolymers containing the same amount of water, but in which the aluminum silicate of the powder component still contains fly ash and / or slag.
  • the powder component of the geopolymer preferably contains a maximum of 10
  • cement or gypsum based on 100% by weight of aluminum silicate, most preferably the powder component is free of cement and gypsum.
  • the powder component of the geopolymer contains only aluminum silicates.
  • the average particle size D 50 of the aluminum silicate calculated as the average of all aluminum silicates in the powder component, between 1 ⁇ and 300 ⁇ , more preferably between 2 ⁇ and 250 ⁇ , even more preferably between 3 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ , more preferably between 5 ⁇ and 150 ⁇ , most preferably between 8 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ , more preferably between 10 ⁇ and 50 ⁇ , measured with static light scattering in isopropanol and dispersed with the aid of ultrasound.
  • the average particle size is less than 1 ⁇ m, the amount of water required for good processability of the geopolymer is markedly increased. Height However, amounts of water reduce the strength and durability of a molded article made from the geopolymer after curing. If the mean particle size is greater than 300 ⁇ , the reactivity of the aluminum silicate is low and the geopolymerization slow and / or incomplete.
  • alkali metal silicate S 2 As alkali metal silicate S 2 , the alkali metal silicates S 1 already present as suitable, optionally contained in the additive A, are likewise suitable.
  • the alkali metal silicate S 2 preferably has a molar ratio of SiO 2 to M 2 O in the range from 0.8 to 2.4, more preferably from 1 .0 to 2.0, in particular from 1 .4 to 2.0, especially preferably from 1 .4 to 1 .8 , on. In this case, this preferred ratio may have been set by adding, for example, NaOH or KOH.
  • the alkali metal silicate S 2 is preferably a potassium silicate and / or sodium silicate, in particular a potassium silicate.
  • geopolymers which contain a potassium silicate as alkali metal silicate S 2 can be processed significantly better and are less viscous and sticky than geopolymers which contain a sodium silicate as alkali silicate S 2 .
  • the alkali silicate S 2 is preferably a potassium silicate with a ratio of SiO 2 to K 2 O of 0.8 to 2.4, more preferably from 1 .0 to 2.0, in particular from 1 .4 to 2.0, particularly preferably from 1 .4 to 1 .8th.
  • Geopolymers with such alkali metal silicates are easy to process and cure quickly.
  • Another object of the invention is a composition
  • a composition comprising - at least one geopolymer comprising a powder component which contains at least one aluminum silicate, and an aqueous component which contains at least one alkali metal silicate S 2 , and
  • the additive A exerts a good liquefaction effect on the geopolymer during the processing of the composition. This allows the geopoly- can be processed well with a small amount of water, which allows a particularly high strength.
  • the liquefier may be present as a constituent of the powder component or as a constituent of the aqueous component of the geopolymer or as a separate component.
  • the liquefier is preferably present as a separate component which is mixed with the components of the geopolymer only during the processing of the composition.
  • Particularly demanding in terms of processing are geopolymers containing metakaolin. Such geopolymers are typically rather tacky and thus difficult to process, making a good plasticizer particularly important.
  • the powder component of the geopolymer of the composition preferably contains at least 10% by weight of metakaolin, in particular from 10 to 60% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the powder component.
  • the powder component of the geopolymer of the composition preferably contains fly ash and / or blast furnace slag, in particular fly ash.
  • the powder component of the geopolymer contains a mixture of metakaolin and fly ash, wherein the proportion of metakaolin is preferably 10 to 60% by weight, in particular 30 to 50% by weight, based on the sum of metakaolin and fly ash.
  • Geopolymers containing only fly ash as aluminum silicate have a very slow strength development.
  • the powder component of the geopolymer contains a mixture of metakaolin, fly ash and blast furnace slag, the proportion of metakaolin being from 30 to 60% by weight, based on the sum of metakaolin, fly ash and blast furnace slag.
  • the blast furnace slag content is preferably 20 to 40% by weight, more preferably 25 to 35% by weight, based on 100% by weight of the sum of all aluminum silicates in the powder component.
  • alkali metal silicate S 2 As alkali metal silicate S 2 , the alkali metal silicates Si already mentioned as suitable are likewise suitable.
  • the alkali metal silicate S 2 preferably has a molar ratio of SiO 2 to M 2 O in the range from 0.8 to 2.4, preferably from 1 .0 to 2.0, in particular from 1 .4 to 2.0, particularly preferably from 1 .4 to 1 .8 , In this case, this preferred ratio may have been set by adding, for example, NaOH or KOH. Is the ratio of S1O2 to M 2 O in the range of 0.8 or lower, the processing time of the geopolymer can be very short and the
  • Geopolymer is highly alkaline, which is an increased for the processor
  • Curing takes place without the application of heat, so that molded articles are often not solid even after 24 hours.
  • the alkali silicate S2 is preferably a potassium and / or sodium silicate, in particular a potassium silicate.
  • the aqueous component of the geopolymer contains 30 to 50% by weight of alkali silicate S 2 .
  • the alkali silicate S1 is preferably a sodium silicate and the alkali silicate S 2 is a potassium silicate.
  • Such a composition shows a particularly good
  • the composition may consist only of the geopolymer and the additive A and thus be used, for example, for injections, or it may contain other ingredients.
  • the composition additionally contains sand and / or gravel and / or other additives.
  • a composition is particularly suitable as mortar, concrete, plaster, grout or coating.
  • the liquefier is present in an amount such that 2 to 7 parts by weight of liquefier, calculated as solids, are present per 100 parts by weight of the powder component of the geopolymer.
  • the composition is processed by mixing all the components of the composition together.
  • the composition is processed by mixing all the components of the composition together.
  • the powder component and the aqueous component of the geopolymer and the condenser are mixed together at the same time, or the powder component and the aqueous component of the geopolymer are first mixed together, and the condenser is mixed immediately thereafter
  • the condenser is present as a separate component and is mixed into the freshly mixed components of the geopolymer. This type of processing allows a particularly good liquefaction.
  • the mixing of the components of the geopolymer is preferably carried out using a mixing tool customary in mortar production. Specially intensive mixing or additional milling of the components is not advantageous for the processing and use of the geopolymer. Too long and too intensive mixing takes time and energy, undesirably increases the air intake into the mixture, and may hinder the geopolymerization reaction.
  • the mixing time of the geopolymer is preferably at most 6 minutes, more preferably at most 5 minutes, even more preferably at most 4 minutes, especially preferably at most 3 minutes.
  • the blended composition is formed into the desired shape, suitably within the time that it is well malleable.
  • the hardening of the geopolymer begins by chemical reaction. Si-O-Al-O bonds are formed to form a three-dimensional inorganic polymer structure, whereby the mass finally solidifies to a solid.
  • the curing of the composition is typically at
  • Ambient temperature in particular at a temperature in the range of 20 to 35 ° C.
  • Another object of the invention is a method for producing a shaped body comprising the steps
  • composition comprising at least one geopolymer and at least one liquefier, as described above,
  • the shaped body has a three-dimensional shape.
  • Another object of the invention is such an article.
  • the molded article or the article represents a component of a building or a building, in particular a shell, a wall, a floor, a coating, a screed or a filling.
  • the solids content of the solutions was determined using a Mettler Toledo halogen dryer.
  • Alkali silicate solutions were taken from the data sheets of the manufacturer.
  • the average molecular weight M w of the polymers was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
  • compositions were tested as follows:
  • the slump was determined according to EN 1015-3.
  • the values in the tables refer to the diameter of the mortar immediately after lifting the setting funnel and waiting for the end of the flow without Strokes of the spread table.
  • the slump is used as a measure of the flowability of the composition, with a high slump shows a high flowability of the composition or a good effect of the existing liquefier.
  • the slump was determined immediately and, if necessary, after 10, 20, 30 and 45 minutes after the mortar had been mixed.
  • prisms of 4x4x16 cm were prepared, turned off after 24 hours and stored at 20 ° C and 65% relative humidity and tested according to EN 196-1.
  • WG-1 Aqueous potassium silicate solution with an alkali silicate content of 41
  • WG-2 Aqueous potassium silicate solution with an alkali silicate content of 48
  • WG-3 Aqueous potassium silicate solution with an alkali silicate content of 30
  • WG-4 Aqueous potassium silicate solution with an alkali silicate content of 45% by weight and a molar ratio SiO 2 / K 2 O of 1 .5.
  • WG-5 Aqueous sodium silicate solution with an alkali silicate content of 42.6
  • NaMS Na metasilicate pentahydrate, Sigma Aldrich, Switzerland.
  • Dolapix SPC 7 (of Zschimmer & Schwarz Chemical Factories), dispersing and liquefying agent, aqueous solution having a solids content of 52% by weight, containing a water-soluble polymer having carboxyl groups with an average molecular weight M w of 3,200 g / mol and a Na silicate, pH 13 , Pattern from 2013.
  • Measurement Series 1 Processability and curing of geopolymers from metakaolin and fly ash
  • the liquefiers used were prepared as follows:
  • PA-25 pH 2.8 PA-25 was diluted with water to a solids content of 37.7% by weight.
  • PA-25 pH 8 PA-25 was adjusted to pH 8 by addition of NaOH and the solids content was adjusted to 37.7% by weight by addition of water.
  • NaMS sodium metasilicate pentahydrate
  • the respective polyacrylic acid solution was adjusted to pH 13 by addition of NaOH and used in Examples 9-12.
  • NaMS Natriunnnnetasilikat pentahydrate
  • the liquefiers used were metered so that 3.0 parts by weight of polyacrylic acid solid were present on 100 parts by weight of powder component (metakaolin and fly ash) of the geopolymer.
  • the liquefiers used were prepared as follows:
  • the respective polyacrylic acid solution was brought to a pH value of 13 by addition of NaOH and the solids content was adjusted to 31% by weight by addition of water and used for Examples 17 and 18.
  • the polyacrylic acid solutions of pH 13 and solids content of 31% by weight so much alkali metal silicate solution, WG-2 or WG-3 according to Table 6, was mixed in that an amount of 11.2
  • Polyacrylic acid solution was present.
  • the liquefiers used were metered so that 3 parts by weight of polyacrylic acid solid were present on 100 parts by weight of powder component (metakaolin and fly ash) of the geopolymer.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne l'utilisation d'un additif comprenant au moins un polymère hydrosoluble qui est un homopolymère ou un copolymère d'au moins un acide carboxylique monoéthyléniquement insaturé, et éventuellement au moins un silicate alcalin, comme fluidifiant pour les géopolymères. Cet additif peut être produit de manière simple et économique, et convient remarquablement bien à la fluidification des géopolymères, en particulier des géopolymères à base de métakaolin.
EP17777923.8A 2016-10-13 2017-10-05 Fluidifiant pour géopolymères Pending EP3526174A1 (fr)

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EP3984992A1 (fr) * 2016-06-20 2022-04-20 Clariant International Ltd Composé comprenant un certain niveau de carbone biologique
CN110300573B (zh) 2016-12-12 2023-07-25 科莱恩国际有限公司 生物基聚合物在化妆、皮肤病学或药物学组合物中的用途
CN110267996B (zh) 2016-12-12 2022-07-22 科莱恩国际有限公司 包含某种水平的生物基碳的聚合物
WO2018108665A1 (fr) 2016-12-15 2018-06-21 Clariant International Ltd Polymère hybride hydrosoluble et/ou pouvant gonfler dans l'eau
US11339241B2 (en) 2016-12-15 2022-05-24 Clariant International Ltd. Water-soluble and/or water-swellable hybrid polymer
WO2018108664A1 (fr) 2016-12-15 2018-06-21 Clariant International Ltd Polymère hybride hydrosoluble et/ou gonflable dans l'eau
WO2018108663A1 (fr) 2016-12-15 2018-06-21 Clariant International Ltd Polymère hybride hydrosoluble et/ou gonflable dans l'eau
US11021399B2 (en) 2019-01-23 2021-06-01 United States Gypsum Company Self-consolidating geopolymer compositions and methods for making same
CN111533478A (zh) * 2020-04-01 2020-08-14 武汉工程大学 地质聚合物前驱体的制备方法及其制品、应用与连接方法
WO2023211824A1 (fr) * 2022-04-27 2023-11-02 Lubrizol Advanced Materials, Inc. Plastifiant pour géopolymères et procédé de plastification de géopolymères
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CN109803940B (zh) 2022-01-28
CN109803940A (zh) 2019-05-24
US20190202737A1 (en) 2019-07-04
WO2018069165A1 (fr) 2018-04-19
US11186520B2 (en) 2021-11-30
JP2019532002A (ja) 2019-11-07
CA3040162A1 (fr) 2018-04-19
CO2019004643A2 (es) 2019-08-30

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