EP3524745B1 - Structural element for sound absorption - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to a panel ceiling element or a double wall element with a component and a method for producing a panel ceiling element or a double wall element with the component for sound absorption.

STATE OF THE ART

There are a number of options available for sound insulation in rooms. As a variant, sound absorbers are known, which are usually mounted on walls and ceilings in the form of panels. They usually have a porous structure which results in a corresponding flow resistance. Due to the resulting friction, the penetrating sound energy is converted into heat and friction. The sound waves are no longer reflected, but absorbed, i.e. not thrown back into the room. The simplest sound absorbers known from the prior art are foam panels, for example convoluted foam or pyramid foam.

Also known from the prior art are sound absorbers which are not subsequently applied to ceilings and walls, but which are integrated directly into the wall or ceiling when the wall or ceiling is manufactured on site, ie in the shell construction phase. These are, for example, so-called acoustic strips, U-shaped profiles made of fiber concrete filled with expanded glass granulate as an acoustically effective part (absorber). This part is fixed with the U-shaped profile tied together. These acoustic strips are placed on a concrete formwork, for example, as concrete spacers for reinforcement of a reinforced concrete ceiling. On the other hand, the acoustic material is cast directly into the concrete as a panel strip without a U-shaped profile. After completion of the ceiling or wall by pouring concrete, the acoustic strips are arranged on the visible side of the wall and the ceiling. The absorbers in the form of expanded glass granulate filling are clearly visible. This visibility is fundamentally undesirable, so the acoustic strips have to be subsequently sealed with acoustic plaster. Furthermore, this type of absorber is not intended for precast concrete parts. As mentioned, they are used for ceilings and walls that are cast on site.

The document AT 508 797 B1 shows a sound absorbing element which is mounted on the surface of a wall or ceiling.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to avoid at least one disadvantage resulting from the prior art.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are set out in the dependent claims.

The structural element for sound absorption in rooms, which is not claimed as such, comprises a hollow body open on one side for installation flush with the surface in a ceiling or a wall with a floor and a side wall surrounding this floor. According to the invention, the hollow body is preferably already installed during the production of a constructive element for the construction of the ceiling or the wall in a precast concrete plant. The sound absorbers, which represent a further part of the structural element not claimed as such, can only be inserted into the hollow bodies on site be used. Depending on the room and individual customer requirements, different types of sound absorbers can be selected.

The ceiling in which the components not claimed as such are used is accordingly preferably a slab ceiling, also known under the term filigree ceiling, for example in accordance with the reinforced concrete standard DIN 1045-1. It consists of slab ceiling elements in the form of large-format, 4 or 5 cm thick prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs, depending on the static requirements also 6 cm, which are supplemented on site with in-situ concrete up to the final ceiling thickness. The S slab ceiling elements and the in-situ concrete form a solid bond with each other. This is ensured by the rough surface of the slab ceiling elements and steel lattice girders, which are concreted into the slab ceiling elements in the precast concrete plant. The slab ceiling elements and the in-situ concrete therefore work together in exactly the same way as if the entire ceiling had been cast in one go. In addition to the lattice girders (which can be supplied in different heights), a reinforcement layer for the slab ceiling is usually installed in the slab ceiling elements in the precast concrete plant. In this case, the hollow bodies, which are open on one side, of the structural elements not claimed as such are preferably also integrated into the slab ceiling elements according to the invention. These are arranged flush with the visible side of the panel ceiling elements according to the invention and the panel ceiling made from them.

A wall in which the components not claimed as such are used is preferably a double wall, which is also referred to as an element wall. The term element wall stands for the construction method in which the wall is built from prefabricated double wall elements. These exist made of two thin wall shells (e.g. 4.5 to 7.5 cm thick on the inside, each 5 to 7.5 cm thick on the outside), which are factory-connected by means of lattice girders with the remaining space in between. In the case of reinforced walls, the structurally required reinforcement is incorporated in whole or in part in the wall shells. The usual dimensions for the double wall elements are heights of up to 3 m and lengths of up to 6 m. The usual wall thicknesses are 18 - 42 cm. After erecting the floor-to-ceiling element walls on the construction site, the space between the two wall shells is filled with ready-mixed concrete so that the overall cross-section is monolithic after the concrete has hardened. According to the formwork used in the precast concrete plant, the visible concrete surfaces are smooth, even and tight. According to the invention, the hollow bodies of the structural elements, which are open on one side, are now preferably installed in the double-wall elements according to the invention already in the precast concrete plant, flush with the surface on the visible side of the element wall.

After the desired sound absorber has been inserted into the hollow body, which can only be done on site at the construction site, the component can also be closed with a cover, which is then placed on the open side of the hollow body. In the attached state, this is preferably arranged flush with the surface of the ceiling or wall. In a preferred embodiment, this is a perforated cover, e.g. made of aluminum, stainless steel, plastic or special concrete. Other options instead of a cover can be: a tension sail, fabric wallpaper or a stainless steel sheet in which openings have been lasered.

According to the invention, an edge strip is arranged on the side wall of the base, which surrounds an edge of the side wall partially or completely. When installed, the skirting board runs flush with the visible side of the ceiling or wall. Also preferably provided in the edge strip is a groove which is flush with the surface of the visible side of the ceiling or wall is located in the skirting board. The cover mentioned or a sealing strip can be inserted or inserted into this groove during the production of a slab ceiling element or wall element according to the invention in the prefabricated concrete plant. The sealing tape prevents concrete from penetrating into the hollow body. The sealing tape thus enables an accurate transition from the skirting board to the visible side of the ceiling or wall. Post-processing is no longer necessary because the edges are already beautifully designed.

On the side that faces an inside of the hollow body, the edge strip has a fastening element for securing the sound absorber in position in the hollow body in a nondestructively detachable manner. This can be an element for producing a latching connection, such as a projection or a spring element or a magnetic element. In this way, the sound absorber can be variably fixed in the hollow body.

In a preferred embodiment, the edge strip is made as an extrusion from a plastic material.

When installed, the open side of the hollow body is aligned with the visible side of the ceiling or wall. The sound absorber, which can be mounted in the hollow body, thus has (without the cover being mounted) a visible side and another side which faces the bottom of the hollow body. There can be a cavity between the floor and the sound absorber.

In one embodiment of the invention, an oscillating body, for example a steel plate, a steel sheet or an aluminum foil, is arranged in this cavity in addition to the sound absorber. The sound absorber itself preferably comprises a layer of sound-permeable material (e.g. expanded clay balls) and a broadband frequency absorber.

The bottom of the hollow body, which faces the sound absorber when installed, can be at least partially made of a magnetic material, which allows it to be fixed with a certain contact pressure, for example on a steel formwork with magnetic means. That side of the floor which is adjacent to the ceiling or wall when installed can be provided with a coating that reduces sound transmission. Other materials that are used for the floor and/or the side walls of the hollow body are: a thin-walled concrete shell, a thin-walled plastic shell, a thin-walled cardboard sleeve or a combination of thin-walled plastic sleeve and thin-walled metal sleeve.

The invention relates to a slab ceiling element or double wall element made of reinforced concrete and with lattice girders, in which the component is inserted flush with the surface. The quality of the surface that is created corresponds to the quality of a fair-faced concrete surface. A smooth, clean visible edge along the hollow body results from the use of the sealing tape mentioned in the production of the slab ceiling element according to the invention or the double wall element in the precast concrete plant. The height of the component installed flush with the surface in the ceiling or wall, in particular the height of the hollow body, preferably corresponds at most to the height of a prescribed concrete covering of a reinforcement. The height of the hollow body is made up of the thickness of the floor including the coating, the height of the surrounding side wall and the edge strip. In an exemplary embodiment, the height of the hollow body is 30 mm, with a thickness of the panel ceiling element according to the invention of 50 mm. With such a design, the component can be relatively be formed over a large area without colliding with the reinforcement of the ceiling or wall.

Alternatively, there is the possibility of making the hollow body higher, i.e. making it thicker, than the height of the prescribed concrete cover. This is particularly advantageous if a further improvement in the sound results is to be achieved. With such a design, the component has a relatively small area and usually engages between the reinforcement.

A method according to claim 14 according to the invention for the production of a panel ceiling element according to the invention or a double-wall element according to the invention having the component for sound absorption comprises the following steps:
In a first step, at least one hollow body of a structural element is arranged with its open side resting on a formwork bed. A sound absorber is preferably not yet inserted into the hollow body, so that it is empty. The side wall of the hollow body has an edge strip with a groove in which a sealing strip is arranged.

In a second step, a contact pressure of the hollow body and with it the sealing tape is generated against the formwork bed. If the formwork bed consists of a magnetic metal, for example a steel formwork as in a precast concrete plant, this contact pressure can be generated by magnetic means. For this purpose, only the bottom of the hollow body has to be at least partially made of a magnetic material. The magnetic means can consist of one or more magnets which are simply placed in the still empty hollow body between its bottom and the formwork bed.

Then it is concreted. Due to the contact pressure, no concrete can penetrate into the hollow body, so that a smooth, visually appealing edge is created along the sealing tape. During or after demoulding, the magnetic pressing means can be easily removed and reused.

Of course, a contact pressure for the sealing tape could also be generated in other ways, e.g. by mechanical means.

BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES

Fig. 1

zeigt schematisch einen Querschnitt des Bauelements oberflächenbündig eingebaut in eine Decke oder eine Wand in einer ersten Ausführungsform;

Fig. 2

zeigt schematisch eine weitere Ausführungsform des Bauelements mit im Vergleich zur ersten Ausführungsform variiertem Schallabsorber in einer Explosionsdarstellung;

Fig. 3

zeigt die Ausführungsform aus Figur 2 in einer weiteren Explosionsdarstellung, ein Teil eines erfindungsgemässen Plattendeckenelements (auch Filigranplatte genannt) mit eingebautem Hohlkörper, wobei dieser oberflächenbündig mit dem Plattendeckenelement abschliesst und den Schallabsorber mit Deckel welcher zum Einsetzen in den Hohlkörper vorgesehen ist;

Fig. 4

Schematische Darstellung eines erfindungsgemässen Plattendeckenelements und eines Wandelements mit jeweils eingebautem Bauelement;

Fig. 5

Teilschritt eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung eines erfindungsgemässen Plattendeckenelements mit eingebautem Bauelement.

The invention will be explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments in connection with the drawing.

1

shows schematically a cross section of the component installed flush with the surface in a ceiling or a wall in a first embodiment;

2

schematically shows a further embodiment of the component with a sound absorber that is different in comparison to the first embodiment, in an exploded view;

3

shows the embodiment figure 2 in a further exploded view, a part of a slab ceiling element according to the invention (also called filigree slab) with built-in hollow body, this being flush with the surface of the slab ceiling element and the sound absorber with a cover which is provided for insertion into the hollow body;

4

Schematic representation of a slab ceiling element according to the invention and a wall element, each with a built-in component;

figure 5

Sub-step of a method for producing a panel ceiling element according to the invention with built-in component.

WAYS TO CARRY OUT THE INVENTION

In figure 1 The building element 1 is shown installed in a ceiling 3 according to the invention, for example a slab ceiling, or a wall 4, for example a double wall according to the invention. The slab ceiling according to the invention and the double wall according to the invention are, for example, precast concrete parts from a precast concrete plant, the final assembly of which takes place on the construction site. In this case, the structural element 1 according to the invention, in particular the hollow body 2, is already integrated into the ceiling 3 or the wall 4 in the precast concrete plant. The installation of the sound absorber (30) is then preferably carried out, adapted to the customer's individual requirements, on site at the construction site.

in the in figure 1 illustrated embodiment, the component 1 comprises a hollow body 2 which sits flush with the surface in the wall 3 or the ceiling 4 . The hollow body 2 comprises a base 21 with a side wall 22. A rim 6 runs on the edge of the side wall 22. The rim 6 has a first groove 61 for receiving a cover 5. FIG. The edge strip 6 also includes fastening means 62 for securing the position of a sound absorber 30 in a non-destructive, detachable manner. The edge strip 6 also includes fastening means 63 for fixing the hollow body 21 in the ceiling 4 or the wall 3.

The sound absorber 30 is arranged in the hollow body 2 . If necessary, this can also be removed and replaced with another sound absorber. The bottom 21 of the hollow body 2 and possibly also its side wall 22 have a first layer 24, which is a layer that reduces the transmission of sound, for example a flexible polyurethane foam.

Furthermore, that side of the floor 21 which faces the sound absorber 30 in the installed state is at least partially made of a magnetic material 23 .

in the in figure 1 shown embodiment is between the sound absorber 30 and the floor 21, a cavity 8 is present.

The component 1 is in the in 1 embodiment shown closed by a cover 5. The cover 5 runs flush with the surface of the wall 3 or the ceiling 4. The cover 5 is designed, for example, as a perforated cover. When installed, the sound absorber 30 lies behind the cover 5. The cover 5 can be designed in the following variants: as a perforated sheet, as a tension sail, as fabric wallpaper or as a stainless steel sheet into which openings have been lasered.

In figure 2 Another embodiment of the component 1 is shown, although the hollow body 2 and the cover 5 are identical to the embodiment from FIG figure 1 are, which is why they have been provided with the same reference numerals. Unlike in the embodiment after figure 1 designed is the sound absorber 35. In the embodiment shown, it is a two-part sound absorber 35. Seen from the visible side of the wall or ceiling, the first part 35C is a layer of cement-bound expanded clay, followed by the second part 35B Layer of foam, for example based on polyurethane.

Alternatively, there is also the possibility of providing a third part 35A in the form of a so-called resonant oscillator, which lies behind the layer 35B as seen from the visible side of the wall or the ceiling. in the in figure 2 shown embodiment, it is a steel plate 35A.

figure 3 Figure 1 shows the embodiment of the device figure 2 . Identical parts have therefore been given the same reference symbols. The hollow body 2 is in the ceiling 3, here a slab ceiling element according to the invention (also called filigree slab) used. This is, for example, the "delivery condition" from the ready-mixed concrete plant. The slab ceiling element according to the invention is eg 50 mm thick and made of reinforced concrete 37 with lattice girders 32 . As in figure 3 shown schematically, the hollow body 2 which later accommodates the sound absorber 35 is located under the reinforcement 37. With a height of the hollow body 2 of around 20-30 mm, this corresponds to the height of a legally prescribed concrete cover for reinforcements. The hollow body 2 thus also serves as a concrete spacer during production of the slab ceiling element. As in 3 shown, the edge strip 6 is flush with the surface of the slab ceiling element 3 . There is an accurate transition between the edge strip 6 and the edge 36 of the ceiling 3, which no longer needs to be reworked on the construction site. The sound absorber 35 or other design variants of sound absorbers can be used on site at the construction site according to customer requirements and can be provided with the desired cover 5 .

figure 4 shows schematically a section of a slab ceiling element 31 according to the invention and a double wall element 41 according to the invention, each with an installed component 1 made of reinforced concrete with lattice girders 32, 42. The surfaces 33, 44 shown correspond to the quality of a fair-faced concrete surface. Recognizable in figure 4 is the arrangement of the components in the concrete cover 34, 45 under or next to a reinforcement 37, 47.

figure 5 shows a partial step of a method for producing a panel ceiling element 31 according to the invention with built-in component 1. In the representation of FIG figure 5 a cross section through the hollow body 2 and through a formwork bed 9, which consists of a magnetic metal, is visible. Shown is the edge strip 6 with the first groove 61 in which a sealing strip 7 is inserted. The sealing tape 7 rests on the formwork bed 9 . As already described, that side of the floor 21 which later faces the sound absorber 30 is preferably at least partially made of a magnetic material 23 . In this case, when concreting the slab cover element 31 according to the invention or the double wall element 41 according to the invention, the hollow body 2 can be fixed with magnetic means (in figure 5 only shown schematically with a double arrow) are pressed against the formwork bed so that no concrete can penetrate into the hollow body 2 and a smooth edge along the sealing strip 7 is formed. The magnetic means can be easily removed after demolding without leaving any traces on the formwork bed or in the hollow body. Alternatively, contact pressure for the sealing tape can of course also be generated mechanically, for example by means of a threaded rod with a nut that is inserted through a hole in the hollow body and glued to the formwork using a plate with adhesive. After removing the formwork, the threaded rod can either be unscrewed or broken off at a predetermined breaking point.

NAME LIST

1

component

2

hollow body

3

ceiling / slab ceiling

4

Wall 4 / double wall

5

Lid

6

sidebar

7

sealing tape

8th

cavity

9

formwork bed

21

Bottom 21 of the hollow body

22

Side wall

23

magnetic material

24

sound-reducing first layer

30

sound absorber

31

slab ceiling element

32

lattice girder

33

exposed concrete surface

34

exposed concrete surface

34

concrete cover

35

sound absorber

35C

first part of the sound absorber 35

35B

second part of the sound absorber 35

35A

third part of the sound absorber 35 / steel plate

36

edge of the ceiling

37

reinforcement

41

double wall element

42

lattice girder

47

reinforcement

61

first groove

62

fasteners

63

fasteners

Claims (15)

1. A slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) of reinforced concrete (37) and with lattice girders (32, 42), with a structural element (1) for the sound absorption in rooms, which is installed in the slab ceiling (3) or the double wall (4) on a surface (33, 44) thereof so as to be flush with this surface, wherein said structural element comprises a hollow body (2) that is open on one side and serves for being installed into a ceiling or a wall (3, 4) so as to be flush with its surface, a bottom (21) and a sidewall (22) that peripherally extends around this bottom (21), wherein the sidewall (22) has on its peripheral edge an edge strip (6) that partially or entirely extends around this edge, wherein the edge strip (6) is flush with the surface of the ceiling (3) or wall (4) in the installed state, and wherein a sound absorber (30) can be inserted into the hollow space (2) after its installation in the ceiling or the wall.
2. The slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) of reinforced concrete (37) and with lattice girders (32, 42) according to claim 1, wherein the structural element can be closed with a cover (5), preferably a perforated cover, in the installed state in the ceiling or wall, and wherein said cover can be attached to the open side of the hollow body (2) and is flush with the surface of the ceiling (3) or wall (4) in the attached state.
3. The slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) of reinforced concrete (37) and with lattice girders (32, 42) according to claim 1, wherein the edge strip (6) has a first groove (61) that extends flush with the surface of the ceiling (3) or wall (4) in the installed state.
4. The slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) of reinforced concrete (37) and with lattice girders (32, 42) according to claim 3, wherein the cover (5) or a sealing band (7) is inserted or can be inserted into the first groove (61).
5. The slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) of reinforced concrete (37) and with lattice girders (32, 42) according to one of preceding claims 1 to 4, wherein the edge strip (6) has a fastening element (62) on the side facing the inner side of the hollow body (2), and wherein said fastening element serves for securing the position of the sound absorber (30) in the hollow body (2), preferably such that it can be removed again in a nondestructive manner.
6. The slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) of reinforced concrete (37) and with lattice girders (32, 42) according to one of preceding claims 1 to 5, wherein the edge strip (6) has a fastening element (63) on the side bordering on the ceiling (3) or wall (4) in the installed state, and wherein said fastening element serves for fixing the structural element (1) in the ceiling (3) or the wall (4).
7. The slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) of reinforced concrete (37) and with lattice girders (32, 42) according to one of preceding claims 1 to 6, wherein the edge strip (6) is an extruded part, preferably of a plastic material.
8. The slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) of reinforced concrete (37) and with lattice girders (32, 42) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the sound absorber (30) is accommodated by the open side of the hollow body (2) in the installed state, and wherein the sound absorber (30) is spaced apart from the side of the bottom (21) facing the sound absorber (30) such that a hollow space (8) is formed between this side of the bottom (21) and the sound absorber (30).
9. The slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) of reinforced concrete (37) and with lattice girders (32, 42) according to claim 8, wherein an oscillating body, preferably a steel plate, a steel sheet or also only one aluminum foil, is arranged in the hollow body (8).
10. The slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) of reinforced concrete (37) and with lattice girders (32, 42) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the side of the bottom (21), which faces the sound absorber (30) in the installed state, is at least partially made of a magnetic material (23) .
11. The slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) of reinforced concrete (37) and with lattice girders (32, 42) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least the side of the bottom (21), which borders on the ceiling (3) or wall (4) in the installed state, is provided with a coating (24) that reduces the sound transmission.
12. The slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the aforementioned surface (33, 44) has the quality of a fair-faced concrete surface.
13. The slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the height of the structural element (1) installed therein so as to be flush with its surface corresponds to no more than the height of a prescribed concrete cover (34, 45) of the reinforcement (37, 47).
14. A method for manufacturing a slab ceiling element or a double wall element according to claim 4 on a formwork bed (9), wherein a structural element (1) having an edge strip (6) with a first groove (61) and a sealing band (7) inserted therein is used, and wherein the sidewall (22) of the hollow body (2) with the sealing band (7) is pressed against the formwork bed (9) during casting of the slab ceiling element (31) or the double wall element (41) such that no concrete can penetrate into the hollow body (2) and a smooth edge is formed along the sealing band (7).
15. The method according to claim 14 for manufacturing a slab ceiling element or a double wall element according to claim 10, wherein a formwork bed (9) of a magnetic material and a bottom (21) of at least partially magnetic material are used, and wherein the structural element is pressed against the formwork bed (9) with magnetic means during casting.

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