EP3524745A1 - Structural element for sound absorption - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the invention, the component (1) for sound absorption in rooms comprises a hollow body (2) which is open on one side for flush mounting in a ceiling or wall (3, 4) with a bottom (21) and a side wall (22) surrounding this bottom (21). and a sound absorber (30) insertable into the hollow body (2) after its installation in the ceiling or the wall. The slab ceiling element or double wall element made of reinforced concrete and with lattice girders is according to the invention characterized by such surface flush on a surface of the slab or double wall built-in component (1) .In the method for manufacturing a slab ceiling element or such a double wall element on a formwork bed made of a magnetic metal, a structural element (1) according to the invention having a skirt (6) with a first groove (61) and sealing strip inserted therein (21) is used to at least partially magnetic material, i According to the invention, it is provided that the side wall (22) of the hollow body (2) is pressed against the shuttering bed with the sealing strip when concreting the slab element or the double wall element by magnetic means so that no concrete can penetrate into the hollow body and along a smooth edge the sealing tape is created.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to a component for sound absorption in rooms and a slab ceiling element or a double wall element with the component and to a method for producing a slab element or a double wall element with the component for sound absorption.

STATE OF THE ART

There are a variety of options available for sound insulation in rooms. As a variant, sound absorbers are known, which are usually mounted in the form of plates on walls and ceilings. They usually have a porous structure through which results in a corresponding flow resistance. Due to the resulting friction, the penetrating sound energy is converted into heat and friction. The sound waves are therefore no longer reflected, but absorbed, that is not reflected back into the room. The simplest sound absorbers known from the prior art are foam sheets, for example bubble foam or pyramid foam.

Sound absorbers are also known from the prior art, which are not subsequently applied to ceilings and walls, but which are integrated directly into the wall or ceiling during the manufacture of the wall or ceiling on the construction site, ie in the shell phase. These are, for example, what are known as acoustic strips, U-shaped profiles made of a fiber concrete filled with expanded glass granules as an acoustically effective part (absorber). This part is permanently connected to the u-shaped profile. These acoustic strips are placed, for example, as a concrete spacer for a reinforcement of a reinforced concrete ceiling on a concrete formwork. On the other hand, the acoustic material is poured without u-shaped profile directly as a plate strip in the concrete. After completion of the ceiling or wall by pouring concrete with the acoustic strips are arranged on the visible side of the wall and the ceiling. Clearly visible are the absorbers in the form of expanded glass granule filling. This visibility is generally undesirable, so that the acoustic strips are to be sealed by sound plaster later. Furthermore, this type of absorber is not intended for precast concrete parts. They are, as mentioned, used for ceilings and walls that are cast on site on the construction sites.

PRESENTATION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the present invention is to avoid at least one disadvantage resulting from the prior art.

This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.

The inventive element for sound absorption in rooms comprises a hollow body open on one side for flush mounting in a ceiling or a wall with a bottom and a side wall surrounding this bottom. According to the invention, the hollow body is preferably already installed in the production of a structural element for building the ceiling or the wall in a precast concrete factory. The sound absorbers, which constitute a further part of the device according to the invention, can only be inserted into the hollow body in this location. Depending on the room and individual customer requirements, different types of sound absorbers can be selected.

Accordingly, the ceiling in which the components according to the invention are used is preferably a panel ceiling which is also known under the term filigree corner, for example in accordance with the reinforced concrete standard DIN 1045-1. It consists of slab ceiling elements in the form of large-format, 4 or 5 cm, depending on static requirements also 6 cm thick prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs, which are supplemented with on-site concrete to the final ceiling thicknesses on site. The slab elements and the in-situ concrete bond together. This is ensured by the rough surface of the slab ceiling elements and steel lattice girders, which are already embedded in the slab ceiling elements in the precast concrete factory. The slab ceiling elements and in-situ concrete therefore work together in the same way as if the entire ceiling had been produced in one piece. Apart from the lattice girders (which are available in different heights), in concrete precast plants a reinforcement layer for the slab ceiling is usually installed in the slab ceiling elements. In this case, the hollow bodies of the components according to the invention which are open on one side are preferably also integrated into the panel ceiling elements. These are arranged flush with the visible side of the slab ceiling elements and the plate slab produced therefrom.

In a wall in which the inventive components are used, it is preferably a double wall, which is also referred to as an element wall. The term element wall stands for the construction in which the wall is constructed from prefabricated double wall elements. These consist of two thin wall shells (eg inside 4.5 to 7.5 cm thick, outside each 5 to 7.5 cm thick), which are connected by lattice girders to work with remaining space. Reinforced Walls the statically required reinforcement is completely or partially introduced into the wall shells. Usual dimensions for the double wall elements are heights up to 3 m and lengths up to 6 m. The usual wall thicknesses are 18 - 42 cm. After erecting the storey-high element walls on the construction site, the space between the two wall shells is filled with ready-mixed concrete, so that the overall cross section after the hardening of the concrete carries monolithic. According to the formwork used in the precast concrete factory, the visible concrete surfaces are smooth, flat and dense. The unilaterally open hollow body of the components are now according to the invention preferably already installed in the precast concrete factory flush with the visible side of the element wall in the double wall elements.

After inserting the desired sound absorber in the hollow body, which can be done only on site on the construction site, the inventive device can also be closed with a lid, which is then placed on the open side of the hollow body. In the attached state, this is preferably arranged flush with the ceiling or wall. In a preferred embodiment, this is a hole cover, e.g. made of aluminum, stainless steel, plastic or special concrete. Other possibilities instead of a lid can be: a tension sail, a fabric wallpaper or a stainless steel sheet in which openings were lasered.

According to the invention, a skirt is arranged on the side wall of the bottom, which runs around an edge of the side wall partially or completely. When installed, the edge strip runs flush with the visible side of the ceiling or wall. Further preferably provided in the edge strip is a groove, which is arranged flush with the surface to the visible side of the ceiling or wall in the edge strip. Inserted or plugged into this groove is the aforementioned cover or a sealing tape in the manufacture of a tile ceiling element or wall element in the precast concrete factory. Through the sealing tape is the Prevention of concrete in the hollow body prevented. The sealing tape thus enables an accurate transition from edge strip to the visible side of the ceiling or the wall. A post-processing is no longer necessary because the edge course is already shapely designed.

The edge strip has on the side facing an inner side of the hollow body, a fastening element for non-destructively releasable storage protection of the sound absorber in the hollow body. It may be an element for producing a latching connection such as a projection or a spring element or a magnetic element. The sound absorber can be fixed in this way variable in the hollow body.

In a preferred embodiment, the skirt is made as an extrusion of a plastic material.

The open side of the hollow body is, when installed, aligned to the visible side of the ceiling or the wall. The sound absorber, which is mountable in the hollow body, thus has (without mounting the lid) a visible side and a further side facing the bottom of the hollow body. There may be a cavity between the floor and the sound absorber.

In one embodiment of the invention, in addition to the sound absorber, a vibrating body, for example a steel plate, a steel cup or else an aluminum foil, is arranged in this cavity. The sound absorber itself preferably comprises a layer of sound-permeable material (eg expanded clay spheres) and a broad-band frequency absorber.

The bottom of the hollow body, which faces the sound absorber in the installed state, may be at least partially made of a magnetic material, which allows its attachment with a certain contact pressure, for example on a steel formwork with magnetic means. That side of the floor which, when installed, adjoins the ceiling or wall can be provided with a coating which reduces the sound transmission. Further materials which are used for the bottom and / or the side walls of the hollow body are: a thin-walled concrete shell, a thin-walled plastic shell, a thin-walled cardboard casing or a combination of thin-walled plastic casing and thin-walled metal casing.

The invention further relates to a slab ceiling element or double wall element made of reinforced concrete and with lattice girders into which surface-flush the inventive component is used. The quality of the surface that results corresponds to the quality of an exposed concrete surface. By using the mentioned sealing strip in the manufacture of the slab ceiling element or the wall element in the precast concrete plant results in a smooth, clean visible edge along the hollow body.

The height of the surface-mounted in the ceiling or wall inventive device, in particular the height of the hollow body, preferably corresponds to a maximum of the height of a proper concrete coverage of a reinforcement. The height of the hollow body is composed of the thickness of the floor including coating, the height of the circumferential side wall and the edge strip. In an exemplary embodiment, the height of the hollow body is 30 mm, with a thickness of the slab ceiling element of 50 mm. With such a dimensioning, the component according to the invention can be made relatively large, without it colliding with the reinforcement of the ceiling or wall.

Alternatively, there is the possibility of the height of the hollow body higher, that is to say thicker than the height of the prescribed concrete cover. This is particularly advantageous if a further improvement of the sound results is to be achieved. In such a design, the inventive component is formed relatively small area and engages between the reinforcement as a rule.

A method for producing a plate ceiling element or a double wall element having the inventive element for sound absorption comprises the following steps:
In a first step, at least one hollow body of a component according to the invention is arranged with its open side resting on a shuttering bed. A sound absorber is preferably not yet inserted into the hollow body, so that it is empty. The side wall of the hollow body has a skirt with a groove in which a sealing tape is arranged.

In a second step, a contact pressure of the hollow body and with it the sealing strip is generated against the shuttering bed. If the formwork bed consists of a magnetic metal, for example a steel formwork as in precast concrete plant, this contact pressure can be generated by magnetic means. For this purpose, only the bottom of the hollow body must be at least partially made of a magnetic material. The magnetic means may consist of one or more magnets which are simply placed in the still empty hollow body between its bottom and the formwork bed.

Then it is concreted. Due to the contact pressure no concrete can penetrate into the hollow body, so that a smooth, visually appealing edge along the sealing strip arises. During or after de-scaling, the magnetic pressure means can be easily removed and reused.

Of course, a contact pressure for the sealing tape could also be provided in other ways, e.g. be generated by mechanical means.

BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE FIGURES

Fig. 1

zeigt schematisch einen Querschnitt des erfindungsgemässen Bauelements oberflächenbündig eingebaut in eine Decke oder eine Wand in einer ersten Ausführungsform;

Fig. 2

zeigt schematisch eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Bauelements mit im Vergleich zur ersten Ausführungsform variiertem Schallabsorber in einer Explosionsdarstellung;

Fig. 3

zeigt die Ausführungsform aus Figur 2 in einer weiteren Explosionsdarstellung, ein Teil eines Plattendeckenelements (auch Filigranplatte genannt) mit eingebautem Hohlkörper, wobei dieser oberflächenbündig mit dem Plattendeckenelement abschliesst und den Schallabsorber mit Deckel welcher zum Einsetzen in den Hohlkörper vorgesehen ist;

Fig. 4

Schematische Darstellung eines Plattendeckenelements und eines Wandelements mit jeweils eingebautem erfindungsgemässem Bauelement;

Fig. 5

Teilschritt eines Verfahrens zur Herstellung eines Plattendeckenelements mit eingebautem erfindungsgemässem Bauelement.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments in conjunction with the drawings.

Fig. 1

shows schematically a cross section of the inventive device flush mounted in a ceiling or a wall in a first embodiment;

Fig. 2

shows schematically a further embodiment of the inventive device with varied compared to the first embodiment of the sound absorber in an exploded view;

Fig. 3

shows the embodiment FIG. 2 in a further exploded view, a part of a slab element (also Filigranplatte called) with built-in hollow body, which is flush with the plate ceiling element and the sound absorber with lid which is provided for insertion into the hollow body;

Fig. 4

Schematic representation of a slab ceiling element and a wall element, each with built-in inventive component;

Fig. 5

Sub-step of a method for producing a slab ceiling element with built-in inventive device.

WAYS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

In FIG. 1 shown is the inventive device 1 installed in a ceiling 3, for example, a slab ceiling, or a wall 4, for example, a double wall. The slab ceiling and the double wall are, for example, prefabricated concrete elements from a precast concrete factory, the final assembly of which takes place on the construction site. The inventive element 1, in particular the hollow body 2 is integrated in this case already in the precast concrete plant in the ceiling 3 or the wall 4. The installation of the sound absorber (30) then takes place preferably, adapted to the individual customer request, at the construction site on site.

In the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment, the inventive device 1 comprises a hollow body 2 of the flush-mounted in the wall 3 or the ceiling 4 sits. The hollow body 2 comprises a bottom 21 with a side wall 22. On the edge of the side wall 22 there is a skirt 6. The skirt 6 has a first groove 61 for receiving a cover 5. Furthermore, the edge strip 6 comprises fastening means 62 for the non-destructively releasable position securing of a sound absorber 30. The edge strip 6 also comprises fastening means 63 for fixing the hollow body 21 in the ceiling 4 or the wall 3.

In the hollow body 2 of the sound absorber 30 is arranged. This can also be removed if necessary and replaced by another sound absorber. The bottom 21 of the hollow body 2 and possibly also its side wall 22 have a first layer 24, which is a layer which reduces the sound transmission, for example a flexible polyurethane foam.

Further, that side of the floor 21 which is applied to the sound absorber 30 in the installed state is at least partially made of a magnetic material 23.

In the in FIG. 1 shown embodiment, a cavity 8 is present between the sound absorber 30 and the bottom 21.

The inventive device 1 is in the in Fig. 1 illustrated embodiment closed by a cover 5. The cover 5 extends flush with the surface to the wall 3 or the ceiling 4. The cover 5 is configured for example as a hole cover. The sound absorber 30 is in the installed state behind the lid 5. The cover 5 may be configured in the following variants: as a perforated plate, as a tension sail, as a fabric wallpaper or as a stainless steel sheet in which openings were lasered.

In FIG. 2 a further embodiment of the inventive device 1 is shown, wherein, however, the hollow body 2 and the cover 5 identical to the embodiment of the FIG. 1 are why they have been given the same reference numerals. Unlike in the embodiment according to FIG. 1 The embodiment shown is a two-part sound absorber 35. Seen from the visible side of the wall or the ceiling, the first part 35C is a layer of cement-bound expanded clay, followed by the second part 35B of one Layer of a foam, for example based on polyurethane ..

Alternatively, it is possible to provide a third part 35A in the form of a so-called resonant oscillator, which lies behind the layer 35B when viewed from the visible side of the wall or the ceiling. In the in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment, this is a steel plate 35A.

FIG. 3 shows the embodiment of the inventive device FIG. 2 , Identical parts were therefore designated by the same reference numerals. The hollow body 2 is in the ceiling 3, here a slab ceiling element (also called filigree) used. It is, for example, the "delivery status" from the ready-mixed concrete plant. The slab ceiling element is eg 50 mm thick and made of reinforced concrete 37 with lattice girders 32. As in FIG. 3 schematically shown, the hollow body 2 which later absorbs the sound absorber 35 under the reinforcement 37. With a height of the hollow body 2 of about 20 - 30 mm, this corresponds to the height of a legally prescribed concrete cover for reinforcements. The hollow body 2 is thus also used as a concrete spacer when producing the slab ceiling element. As in Fig. 3 shown, the skirt 6 closes flush with the plate ceiling element 3 from. Between the skirt 6 and the edge 36 of the ceiling 3 there is an accurate transition that does not need to be reworked on the construction sites. The sound absorber 35 or other variants of sound absorbers can be used locally on the site variable according to customer requirements and provided with the desired cover 5.

FIG. 4 schematically shows a section of a slab ceiling element 31 and a double wall element 41, each with a built-in inventive element 1 of reinforced concrete with lattice girders 32, 42. The illustrated surfaces 33, 44 correspond to the quality of a exposed concrete surface. Recognizable in FIG. 4 is the arrangement of the inventive components in the concrete cover 34, 45 below or next to a reinforcement 37, 47th

FIG. 5 shows a partial step of a method for producing a slab ceiling element 31 with built-in inventive device 1. In the illustration of FIG. 5 Visible is a cross section through the hollow body 2 and through a shuttering bed 9, which consists of a magnetic metal. Shown is the edge strip 6 with the first groove 61 in which a sealing tape 7 is inserted. The sealing strip 7 rests on the shuttering bed 9. As already described, that side of the floor 21 which is later exposed to the sound absorber 30 is preferably at least partially made of a magnetic material 23. In this case, in concreting the plate cover member 31 or the double wall member 41, the hollow body 2 may be filled with magnetic means (in FIG FIG. 5 only shown schematically with a double arrow) are pressed against the shuttering bed, so that no concrete can penetrate into the hollow body 2 and a smooth edge along the sealing strip 7 is formed. The magnetic means can be easily removed after demoulding, without leaving any traces on the shuttering bed or in the hollow body. Of course, a contact pressure for the sealing strip can also be generated mechanically, for example by means of a threaded rod with a nut, which is inserted through a hole in the hollow body and adhered to the formwork via a plate with adhesive. After demoulding, the threaded rod can either be unscrewed or broken off at a predetermined breaking point.

NAME LIST

1

inventive component

2

hollow body

3

Ceiling / slab ceiling

4

Wall 4 / double wall

5

cover

6

sidebar

7

sealing tape

8th

cavity

9

formwork bed

21

Floor 21 of the hollow body

22

Side wall

23

magnetic material

24

sound-reducing first layer

30

sound absorber

31

Plate ceiling element

32

girder

33

Exposed concrete surface

34

Exposed concrete surface

34

Concrete cover

35

sound absorber

35C

first part of the sound absorber 35

35B

second part of the sound absorber 35

35A

third part of the sound absorber 35 / steel plate

36

Edge of the ceiling

37

reinforcement

41

Double wall element

42

girder

47

reinforcement

61

first groove

62

fastener

63

fastener

Claims (17)

Component (1) for sound absorption in rooms comprising a hollow body (2) open on one side for flush mounting in a ceiling or wall (3, 4) with a bottom (21) and a side wall (22) surrounding said bottom (21)
and a sound absorber (30) insertable in the hollow body (2) after being installed in the ceiling or the wall. Component (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the component in the installed state in the ceiling or wall with a cover (5) can be closed, preferably a hole cover, which on the open side of the hollow body (2) can be placed and in the mounted state flush with the ceiling (3) or wall (4). Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the side wall (22) has at its peripheral edge a skirt (6) which surrounds this edge partially or completely, wherein in the installed state, the edge strip (6) flush with the ceiling (3) or wall (4) runs. Component (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that the edge strip (6) has a first groove (61), which in the installed state is flush with the ceiling (3) or wall (4). Component (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that in the first groove (61) of the lid (5) or a sealing strip (7) can be inserted or inserted. Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the edge strip (6) on that side facing an inside of the hollow body (2) is a fastening element (62), preferably for non-destructively releasable bearing protection of the sound absorber ( 30) in the hollow body (2). Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the edge strip (6) on that side in the installed state on ceiling (3) or wall (4) adjoins a fastening element (63) for fixing the component ( 1) in the ceiling (3) or the wall (4) Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the edge strip (6) is an extrusion part, preferably made of a plastic material. Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sound absorber (30) is received in the installed state of the open side of the hollow body (2), wherein the sound absorber (30) to that side of the bottom (21) that the Sound absorber (30) faces, is arranged at a distance, so that between this side of the bottom (21) and the sound absorber (30) has a cavity (8) is formed. Component (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that in the cavity (8) a vibrating body, preferably a steel plate, a steel sheets or even an aluminum foil is arranged. Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that that side of the bottom (21) which faces the sound absorber (30) in the installed state is made at least partially of a magnetic material (23). Component (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least that side of the bottom (21), which in the installed state adjacent to the ceiling (3) or wall (4) provided with a sound transmission reducing coating (24) is. Slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) made of reinforced concrete (37) and with lattice girders (32, 42), characterized by a component flush with the surface (33, 44) of the slab ceiling (3) or the double wall (4) (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12. A slatted ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) according to claim 13, characterized in that said surface (33, 44) exhibits the quality of an exposed concrete surface. Slab ceiling element (31) or double wall element (41) according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the flush mounted therein component (1) in its height, at most the height of a proper concrete cover (34, 45) of the reinforcement (37, 47) , Method for producing a slab ceiling element or a double wall element according to one of Claims 13-15 on a shuttering bed (9), wherein a structural element (1) according to Claim 5 is provided with a rim (6) having a first Groove (61) and inserted therein sealing strip (7) is used, characterized in that the side wall (22) of the hollow body (2) with the sealing strip (7) when concreting the slab element (31) or the double wall element (41) with against the shuttering bed (9) is pressed, so that no concrete in the hollow body (2) can penetrate and a smooth edge along the sealing strip (7) is formed. A method according to claim 16, characterized in that a shuttering bed (9) made of a magnetic metal and a component (1) according to claim 11 with a bottom (21) is used to at least partially magnetic material and that when concreting the device by magnetic means is pressed against the shuttering bed (9).

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