EP3517840A1 - Solid fuel boiler - Google Patents

Solid fuel boiler Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3517840A1
EP3517840A1 EP18466003.3A EP18466003A EP3517840A1 EP 3517840 A1 EP3517840 A1 EP 3517840A1 EP 18466003 A EP18466003 A EP 18466003A EP 3517840 A1 EP3517840 A1 EP 3517840A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
boiler
combustion
combustion chamber
furnace
ceramic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18466003.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Ales Buric
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Viadrus AS
Original Assignee
Viadrus AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Viadrus AS filed Critical Viadrus AS
Publication of EP3517840A1 publication Critical patent/EP3517840A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M3/00—Firebridges
    • F23M3/02—Firebridges modified for circulation of fluids, e.g. air, steam, water
    • F23M3/04—Firebridges modified for circulation of fluids, e.g. air, steam, water for delivery of gas, e.g. air, steam
    • F23M3/08—Firebridges modified for circulation of fluids, e.g. air, steam, water for delivery of gas, e.g. air, steam away from fire, e.g. towards smoke outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2700/00—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
    • F23B2700/003—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel adapted for use in water-tube boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2700/00—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
    • F23B2700/01—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel adapted for boilers built up from sections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2700/00—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
    • F23B2700/018—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel with fume afterburning by staged combustion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to hot water gasification solid fuel boilers, in particular the design of the boiler combustion chamber in which final fuel combustion occurs.
  • burn-through or burnup boilers are most frequently used in case of manual fuel feeding.
  • Burn-through boilers have a boiler grate on the bottom of the stocking area, on which fuel is deposited which subsequently gradually burns in the furnace only.
  • Such boilers used to be wide-spread in the past, however, due to incomplete combustion, they had a low efficiency, and they have not currently met prescribed emission standards.
  • gasification solid fuel boilers are most frequently used, where fuel does not burn through in the furnace.
  • the fuel is only burnt up in the furnace, which includes fixed or movable grates, and flame and combustion gases are then conducted outside the furnace to the combustion chamber of the boiler where another, more efficient combustion of fuel is carried out.
  • combustion in the combustion chamber is as complete as possible.
  • the combustion gas changer is situated in the rear part of the boiler body at known types of gasification boilers.
  • the combustion chamber is lined with brickwork and combustion air is led to upper flames through a system of holes, which is mixed with residues of gases and enables their better burning.
  • combustion chamber More perfect technical solutions of the combustion chamber are also known, where a ceramic brickwork and a ceramic nozzles with through holes for air inlet are situated in the combustion chamber. Combustion gases formed during burnup of the fuel in the furnace flow to the combustion chamber, and at the same time combustion air is led to it, which is preheated, which partially improves combustion.
  • combustion chambers are relatively large due to long flue ways and combustion gas exhaust must be ensured by means of exhaust fans. This increases material costs for an adequate construction area of the combustion chamber and operating costs associated with power consumption for fan operation.
  • Another disadvantage is that despite a more perfect solution of combustion chambers with air inlets sufficient amount of air does not get to the centre of the core of the burning volatile flammable substance, and this portion of the burning volatile flammable substance is not mixed and sufficiently burnt. Such unburnt particle then burden the surrounding environment.
  • a solid fuel boiler according to the presented invention in particular a sectional cast iron boiler, consisting of a heat exchanger formed by mutually linked boiler sections, equipped with a furnace with a grate and a system of heat exchange channels, a combustion air inlet both to the fuel furnace space, and below the boiler grate, and also to combustion paths in the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber is situated between at least two modified boiler sections in the rear part of the boiler, whose essence is that in the combustion chamber there is a demountable brickwork for combustion gas exhaust from the furnace, consisting of individual ceramic liners which are combined to one unit together with a ceramic nozzle with a T-shaped through channel, which has at least two lines of holes for combustion air passage to the combustion chamber. It has a dynamic intermediate member for the distribution of combustion air inlet in the longer part of the tube of the ceramic nozzle in front of the outlet from the ceramic nozzle, and in the upper part of the combustion chamber there is a hole for short-circuit flap to the chimney exhaust hole in the rear boiler section.
  • a preferred embodiment of the solid fuel boiler is the one if the dynamic intermediate member situated in a tube of the ceramic nozzle has one or both ends equipped with holes for combustion air passage.
  • An advantage of this embodiment of the boiler is that to burn fuel with a large proportion of volatile combustible matter in the combustion chamber, there is a common demountable ceramic liner and a hollow ceramic nozzle with a T-shaped through channel in the combustion chamber, where possibility to demount the brickwork is not maintenance-demanding, is reliable during operation and easily produced, and repairable. Combustion gases formed by burning up the fuel in the furnace flow to the combustion chamber through the lower ceramic liner and at the same time combustion air is led to the combustion chamber.
  • the lower ceramic liner is equipped with a brickwork with a shaped cavity in the lower part for pre-heating the combustion air, and with a flange in the upper part for precise location of a ceramic nozzle with a cylindrical T-shaped flow-through channel, and a system of at least two lines of tangentially led through holes for combustion air inlet to the combustion chamber.
  • Combustion air is heated up thanks to the contact with heat-transferring ceramic liners and the ceramic nozzle to a high temperature, and therefore it is better mixed in the contact with the volatile combustible matter at the inlet to the combustion chamber.
  • the ceramic nozzle is preferably situated in an optimum place of the inlet upward draught of the combustion chamber so that in the direct contact with the volatile combustible matter with the lower shell of the ceramic nozzle, the volatile combustible matter is divided to several streams of combustible gases passing around the ceramic nozzle, and the preheated combustion air could more easily and very quickly penetrate into the divided streams of the volatile combustible matter by means of tangentially led through holes.
  • a dynamic member to the longer part of the ceramic nozzle tube, i.e. to the upper section of the through channel of the combustion air in the ceramic nozzle, which equally distributes the stream of heated combustion air to side through holes of the nozzle, and also adjusts combustion air flow rate to the flow rate of the burning volatile combustible matter in the combustion chamber. If the dynamic intermediate member also has holes in its limit ends, the combustion air also flows to several sides of the ceramic nozzle, which results in an optimum mixing along the entire inner cross-section of the combustion chamber.
  • the said division of one stream of the volatile combustible matter to more streams of volatile combustible matter and the inlet of combustion air through the ceramic nozzle with a dynamic intermediate member enables a more efficient control of an optimum volume of heated combustion air which is necessary for their mutual thorough mixing and enables to achieve air turbulence because the combustion air is led through the ceramic nozzle along its whole cross-section.
  • oxidation in the gas phase increases and hydrocarbon, carbon oxide and unburnt particle emissions are reduced, and at the same time the space necessary for the production of the combustion chamber and ceramic brickwork is also reduced.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagram of a solid fuel boiler with areas for combustion of fuel in the furnace and in the combustion chamber
  • Figure 2 shows a dynamic intermediate member of the ceramic nozzle
  • Figure 3 is a side view of the ceramic nozzle with an inserted dynamic intermediate member and their cross-section.
  • the figures show an example of the solid fuel boiler embodiment which consists of a boiler body formed by a system of mutually linked boiler sections, i.e. the front section 6 , four middle sections 7 , two middle sections and a combustion chamber 8 , 9 and a rear section 10 , a furnace 3 with a grate and a combustion chamber 1 with a ceramic brickwork and a ceramic nozzle 16 .
  • the combustion chamber 1 is created in the area among three last boiler sections 8 , 9 , and 10 .
  • the ceramic brickwork in the combustion chamber 1 consists of a lower ceramic liner 15 , a middle ceramic liner 13 and an upper ceramic liner 12 , which are composed into one unit by means of connecting lock recesses.
  • a ceramic nozzle 16 with a T-shaped through channel is fixed to the lower ceramic liner 15 in which a dynamic intermediate member 14 , which has holes for the passage of combustion air at both its ends for the distribution of inlet of the combustion air.
  • a dynamic intermediate member 14 which has holes for the passage of combustion air at both its ends for the distribution of inlet of the combustion air.
  • an inclined additional grate 2 for feeding the fuel, whose upper part in fact continues the stoking door 4 , and to exhaust combustion gases formed by the burning up fuel in the furnace 3 there is a hole to the area of the combustion chamber 1 in its rear lower part.
  • the boiler is equipped with a stoking door 4 with a regulated input for the inlet of combustion air to the area of fuel, and an ash pan door 5 with a regulated input for the inlet of combustion air under the boiler grate.
  • a stoking door 4 with a regulated input for the inlet of combustion air to the area of fuel
  • an ash pan door 5 with a regulated input for the inlet of combustion air under the boiler grate.
  • In the rear part of the boiler there is a with a regulated input 18 of combustion air to combustion paths in the area of the combustion chamber 1 and the chamber 17 for its pre-heating from heat-transferring ceramic brickworks.
  • the aforementioned solution can be preferably used for combustion chambers of cast iron sectional solid fuel boilers with manual stoking for the preparation of hot water and/or hot domestic water.
  • the aforementioned method can be preferably used for environmentally friendly combustion of fuel wood and wooden compressed fuel.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP18466003.3A 2018-01-26 2018-07-23 Solid fuel boiler Withdrawn EP3517840A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2018-34634U CZ31661U1 (cs) 2018-01-26 2018-01-26 Kotel na pevná paliva

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3517840A1 true EP3517840A1 (en) 2019-07-31

Family

ID=61756377

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18466003.3A Withdrawn EP3517840A1 (en) 2018-01-26 2018-07-23 Solid fuel boiler

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3517840A1 (cs)
CZ (1) CZ31661U1 (cs)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1753286A (en) * 1927-08-01 1930-04-08 Doherty James Russell Furnace
DE646281C (de) * 1937-06-11 Graf Josef Gliederkessel mit vorgebautem Fuellschacht und einer durch feuerfeste Einbauten oberhalb des Feuerraumes abgetrennten Nachverbrennungskammer
US2398911A (en) * 1942-05-08 1946-04-23 Locomotive Hollow Arch Co Combustion apparatus
DE3406763A1 (de) * 1984-02-24 1985-08-29 Ackermann, Karl, 8332 Massing Heizkessel fuer den betrieb mit festbrennstoffen

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE646281C (de) * 1937-06-11 Graf Josef Gliederkessel mit vorgebautem Fuellschacht und einer durch feuerfeste Einbauten oberhalb des Feuerraumes abgetrennten Nachverbrennungskammer
US1753286A (en) * 1927-08-01 1930-04-08 Doherty James Russell Furnace
US2398911A (en) * 1942-05-08 1946-04-23 Locomotive Hollow Arch Co Combustion apparatus
DE3406763A1 (de) * 1984-02-24 1985-08-29 Ackermann, Karl, 8332 Massing Heizkessel fuer den betrieb mit festbrennstoffen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CZ31661U1 (cs) 2018-03-27

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