EP3512730A1 - Einsatzfahrzeug und verfahren zum betrieb des einsatzfahrzeuges - Google Patents
Einsatzfahrzeug und verfahren zum betrieb des einsatzfahrzeugesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3512730A1 EP3512730A1 EP17784529.4A EP17784529A EP3512730A1 EP 3512730 A1 EP3512730 A1 EP 3512730A1 EP 17784529 A EP17784529 A EP 17784529A EP 3512730 A1 EP3512730 A1 EP 3512730A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- emergency vehicle
- unit
- vehicle according
- electric motor
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009429 electrical wiring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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- B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
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- B60K5/00—Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units
- B60K5/10—Arrangement or mounting of internal-combustion or jet-propulsion units providing for ready detachment of engine
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- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/46—Series type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/006—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to power outlets
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
- B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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- B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
- B60L50/71—Arrangement of fuel cells within vehicles specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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- B60L50/72—Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
- B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
- B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
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- B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
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- B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/90—Energy harvesting concepts as power supply for auxiliaries' energy consumption, e.g. photovoltaic sun-roof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Definitions
- the invention relates to an emergency vehicle, in particular fire engine.
- a power supply and drive system for a fire or rescue vehicle or Sonder intersectdung with at least one drive source and with multiple voltage sources which are connected to each other via an electrical line network and a control device is known. At least one of the voltage sources is formed by a battery.
- the control device is designed to connect and disconnect one or more voltage sources and / or one or more drive sources taking into account at least one emission value of at least one of the voltage sources and / or at least one of the drive sources.
- the voltage and / or drive sources integrated in the power supply and drive system of the fire and rescue vehicle or special purpose vehicle can be operated in combination in such a way that a minimum total emission value can be achieved.
- Object of the present invention was to provide an improved emergency vehicle with improved drive system available.
- an emergency vehicle in particular a fire engine, is formed.
- the emergency vehicle includes:
- a primary energy unit in particular an accumulator, for storing electrical energy
- a secondary energy unit for converting an energy bound in a fuel into electrical energy
- the secondary energy unit is arranged on a support frame, wherein the support frame is modular and removably received on the vehicle body.
- An advantage of the inventive design of the emergency vehicle is that the maintenance of the emergency vehicle can be facilitated by the modular structure of the support frame and the arrangement of the secondary energy unit on Trä gergestell.
- the carrier rack can be lifted out of the emergency vehicle together with the secondary power unit to make it easily accessible for carrying out serious repairs.
- the secondary energy unit together with the support frame for example, for maintenance or repair, easily be replaced by another support frame with another secondary energy unit.
- the emergency vehicle is in the event of a shortage of the secondary power unit only for the short period of replacement of the secondary energy units not operational.
- the service life can be improved over a conventionally constructed emergency vehicle. This is particularly advantageous in very sprawling areas in which the fahr tool would have to be repaired suburb, since the removed secondary energy unit, for example, can be easily transported to a more distant workshop.
- the secondary energy unit is designed in the form of a galvanic cell.
- the advantage is that in galvanic cells, the energy stored in the fuel can be converted directly into electrical energy in a chemical reaction.
- the secondary energy unit in the form of an internal combustion engine in particular a diesel engine, is formed, wherein the internal combustion engine is coupled to a generator.
- a diesel engine can be used as a secondary energy unit, which is robust and can also have a good efficiency.
- This internal combustion engine may be torque coupled to a generator for generating electrical current, wherein the rotational movement of an output shaft of the internal combustion engine is transmitted to the generator.
- at least one consumer unit in particular a deployment device, such as a pump, is arranged on the emergency vehicle, wherein the at least one consumer unit is torque-coupled to the secondary energy unit under the optional interposition of a transmission.
- the advantage here is that the consumer unit of the secondary energy unit, such as the internal combustion engine, can be driven. It is conceivable that the generator is interposed between the secondary energy unit and the consumer unit, wherein the generator may optionally have a continuous shaft to which the consumer unit is coupled. In addition, it can be provided that a first switchable coupling is interposed between the internal combustion engine and the generator. The advantage here is that the mechanical torque coupling between the engine and generator can be separated by this measure. Also advantageous is an embodiment according to which it can be provided that a second switchable coupling is interposed between the generator and the at least one consumer unit, in particular the pump. The advantage here is that the torque connection between the consumer unit and the generator can be separated by this measure. As a result, the generator can be driven by the internal combustion engine, without at the same time the consumer unit is co-operated.
- the generator it is possible for the generator to be used with the internal combustion engine optionally for operation as an electric motor and thus for driving the consumer unit, wherein the first switchable clutch is disengaged between the generator and the internal combustion engine, or wherein between the generator and the internal combustion engine Freewheel is arranged.
- the advantage here is that by this measure operation of the consumer unit purely by the driving force of the generator and thus without simultaneous operation of the internal combustion engine is possible. As a result, the consumer unit can be operated environmentally friendly or quiet. By using the generator and operating this as an electric motor additionally required drives and thus costs can be saved.
- the primary energy unit and the secondary energy unit are additively switchable by means of control electronics, so that the power of the primary energy unit and the power of the secondary energy unit can be supplied to the electric motor at the same time.
- the electric motor can be supplied with additional energy. This may be necessary, for example, if the electric motor is required to have the highest possible power in a so-called power mode, as is the case with the acceleration of airport fire-fighting vehicles, for example.
- the at least one consumer unit, in particular the pump is likewise arranged on the carrier frame.
- the advantage here is that the mechanically coupled together components of the consumer unit and the secondary energy unit can be lifted out of the emergency vehicle together to remove the support frame and the components recorded thereon with the least possible effort from the emergency vehicle can.
- the secondary energy unit is arranged above the at least one consumer unit on the support frame.
- the advantage here is that the consumer unit is as easy as possible accessible from standing on the ground operator and thus the ease of use can be increased by this measure.
- the secondary energy unit and the at least one consumer unit are coupled together by means of an angular gear.
- the advantage here is that such an angular gear can be constructed as robust as possible and thus well suited for torque transmission between the secondary energy unit and the consumer unit.
- the torque can be transmitted from a horizontal motor shaft to a vertical drive shaft of the consumer unit.
- the support frame is arranged in the region of the rear wheel pair above this. As a result, the support frame can be accommodated as space-saving as possible on the emergency vehicle, wherein the individual arranged on the support frame units are accessible as well as possible.
- the focus distribution of the emergency vehicle are designed as well as possible in order to achieve a stable roadholding.
- the support frame has a lifting eye, by means of which lifting eye the support frame can be lifted off the vehicle body.
- the Tärgergestell know a fixed pickup point, which can be avoided as possible that the support frame is connected at a position not suitable for a lifting means.
- the electric motor is designed as a drive motor for at least one of the wheels.
- the advantage here is that the hus can be driven by an electric motor and thereby the provided in the secondary energy unit and / or the primary energy unit electrical energy can be used to drive the emergency vehicle.
- the wheels of at least one of the pairs of wheels are torque-coupled with each other by means of a differential and that the electric motor is coupled as a central drive of the two wheels with the differential.
- the advantage here is that a central electric motor can be used to drive the pair of wheels and that can be done by the differential compensation of the transmitted torque from the electric motor to the wheels.
- costs can be saved by such a structure, for example, compared to two wheel hub motors used.
- the center of gravity distribution of a drive system constructed according to the invention is also better than when using wheel hub motors.
- the electric motor is coupled to the differential by means of a transmission and that a secondary output for driving further units is formed on the transmission, whereby the differential and / or the secondary output from the electric motor can be selected by means of the transmission is drivable.
- a separate drive for driving additional units can be saved.
- the secondary output and the differential are driven simultaneously by the electric motor.
- the transmission can be switched so that the secondary output and / or the differential can be selectively driven by means of the electric motor.
- an energy input interface is formed by means of which electrical energy can be obtained from an external energy supply device, such as a further emergency vehicle. As a result, it can be achieved that the emergency vehicle can nevertheless fulfill its intended use in the event of failure of one of the energy sources or if the energy generated by the energy sources is too low and remains mobile.
- an energy output interface is formed by means of which electrical energy can be delivered to an external energy reference source, such as a further emergency vehicle.
- an external energy reference source such as a further emergency vehicle.
- a second electric motor to be coupled to the differential, with the second electric motor interacting in a modular manner with the first electric motor.
- the advantage here is that, for example, in a first configuration, only one electric motor can be used and therefore such an emergency vehicle has a lower drive power and that only small Umkonstruktions Marine in a second configuration, both electric motors together can serve to drive the emergency vehicle and the emergency vehicle thus a has higher drive power.
- a method for operating an emergency vehicle is also provided.
- the electrical energy generated by the secondary energy unit and, in addition, the electric energy stored in the primary energy unit is used to drive the electric motor.
- the advantage here is that thereby the electric motor is an increased amount of energy available. This can be particularly advantageous when the emergency vehicle, for example, has to accelerate to a high speed within the shortest possible time, as is the case when operating at an airport, for example.
- Fig. 1 is a side view of a schematically illustrated emergency vehicle
- Fig. 2 is a plan view of a pair of schematically illustrated wheel of an emergency vehicle.
- FIG. 1 shows an emergency vehicle 1 in a schematic side view.
- the emergency vehicle 1 can serve for a wide variety of purposes, in particular as a fire-fighting vehicle, municipal vehicle, special vehicle or transport vehicle.
- provision may be made for the emergency vehicle 1 to be designed as an airport fire-fighting vehicle.
- the emergency vehicle 1 comprises an aerial ladder.
- the emergency vehicle 1 is designed as Hub réellek.
- At least two wheel pairs 3, in particular at least one front wheel pair 4 and at least one rear wheel pair 5 are held or mounted on a vehicle body 2.
- Each of the pairs of wheels 3 has at least two wheels 6. It would also be possible to use twin wheels instead of single wheels.
- twin wheels On the presentation of a drive unit or other units or component components has been omitted for the sake of clarity.
- the vehicle body 2 of the emergency vehicle 1 can be designed as a self-supporting body or as a non-self-supporting body. It is understood here any structure which is designed, inter alia, to carry the individual pairs of wheels 3, the drive elements and many other components.
- the vehicle body 2 comprises a core tube.
- the core tube may extend centrally of the vehicle body 2 in the longitudinal direction.
- body parts are arranged on this core tube.
- an emergency vehicle is shown as a fire engine.
- vehicle body 2 On the vehicle body 2 a variety of storage compartments and / or receiving boxes can be provided so as to be able to carry the necessary equipment for use, tools and much more ordered. Furthermore, 2 drive units and / or additional units of the emergency vehicle 1 can be arranged on the vehicle body.
- the emergency vehicle 1 has a secondary energy unit 7 which is designed to convert an energy bound in a fuel into electrical energy.
- the secondary energy unit 7 can be embodied, for example, in the form of an internal combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine 8, which is torque-coupled to a generator 9.
- a liquid or gaseous fuel can be burned and thereby the energy bound in the fuel are supplied to the generator 9 and are converted therein into electrical energy.
- diesel is used as fuel for use in an emergency vehicle 1, in which case the internal combustion engine 8 is referred to as a diesel engine.
- the generator 9 is torque-coupled to an output shaft of the internal combustion engine 8.
- the internal combustion engine 8 can also be operated, for example, with gasoline, methane, hydrogen, ethanol or another fuel.
- the internal combustion engine 8 is designed as a piston engine or, for example, in the form of a rotary piston engine, in particular a Wankel engine.
- the internal combustion engine is designed, for example, in the form of a turbine.
- the secondary energy unit 7 is designed such that the electrical energy can be obtained from the fuel by other chemical reactions.
- Such a secondary energy unit 7 can be embodied, for example, in the form of a galvanic cell, such as a fuel cell or a flow cell.
- the secondary energy unit 7 is designed, for example, in the form of a photovoltaic cell for converting solar energy into electrical energy.
- the emergency vehicle 1 comprises a primary energy unit 10, in particular an accumulator, which is designed to store electrical energy.
- a primary energy unit 10 in particular an accumulator, which is designed to store electrical energy.
- various accumulators can be provided on lithium, on sodium, on nickel, on lead or other basis.
- a capacitor is designed as a primary energy unit 10.
- an electric motor 11 which converts the electrical energy back into mechanical energy, in particular into a rotational movement of a drive shaft of the electric motor, and serves to drive a pickup.
- the electric motor 11 is designed as a drive motor for driving the emergency vehicle 1. The exact structure of the drive unit will be described in more detail below, in particular in FIG.
- the primary energy unit 10 can be charged, for example, by the generator 9. Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the primary energy unit 10 is charged by energy recovery of braking energy in the electric motor 11.
- the secondary energy unit 7 and the primary energy unit 10 can be arranged in internal areas of the emergency vehicle 1.
- the external areas of the emergency vehicle 1 which can easily be reached by fire brigade personnel, can be equipped with those units which must be easily accessible in the event of use.
- an electrical line network 12 is formed, which serves for transmitting the electrical energy between secondary energy unit 7, primary energy unit 10 and electric motor 11.
- a control electronics 13 is provided, by means of which the energy flow of electrical energy in the electrical line network can be controlled and monitored.
- 13 different operating modes can be realized by the control electronics, in which the secondary energy unit 7, the primary energy unit 10 and the electric motor 11 interact differently.
- the secondary energy unit 7 supplies just as much energy at a certain point in time as is required in the electric motor 11 or in other consumers. Thus, neither energy nor energy is taken out of it in the primary energy unit 10.
- the secondary energy unit 7 provides more energy than is needed in the electric motor 11 or in the other consumers and this excess energy is temporarily stored in the primary energy unit 10.
- the secondary energy unit 7 is not activated and that the electrical energy required by the electric motor 11 or the further consumer units is obtained entirely from the primary energy unit 10.
- the secondary energy unit 7 can be operated in a power range with good efficiency and the different requirements for the energy supply are compensated by the primary energy unit 10.
- multi-functional emergency vehicles 1 can be provided that a plurality of different consumer units are formed, which fulfill different purposes. These can be, for example, various water pumps, hydraulic units or even generators.
- a support frame 14 is arranged on the emergency vehicle 1, in which the secondary energy unit 7 is arranged.
- the secondary energy unit 7 can be easily lifted out of the emergency vehicle 1.
- at least one lifting eye 15 may be formed, which is arranged on the support frame 14.
- the carrier frame 14 is coupled to the vehicle body 2 using fastening means 16, in particular using screws.
- a variety of support struts 17 may be formed, to which the individual received in the support frame 14 elements and units can be arranged.
- both the engine 8 and the generator 9 are accommodated on the support frame 14.
- a first switchable coupling 18 is formed, which serves for separating or producing the mechanical connection, in particular the torque connection between the engine 8 and generator 9.
- engine 8 and generator 9 may be formed a gear arrangement.
- the emergency vehicle 1 can have a consumer unit 19, which can likewise be coupled to the internal combustion engine 8 or to the generator 9.
- the consumer unit 19 is designed in the form of a pump, which can serve for example for pumping extinguishing water.
- the consumer unit 19 may also be accommodated on the support frame 14.
- the consumer unit 19 is arranged on a plane below the internal combustion engine 8.
- the engine 8 may be higher than the consumer unit 19.
- a transmission 20 is arranged between the consumer unit 19 and the generator 9, in order to be able to achieve the required rotational speed or the required torque at the consumer unit 19.
- an angle gear 21 is formed between the consumer unit 19 and the generator 9.
- the angle gear 21 can be used to transmit the mechanical energy, in particular the rotational movement, from the generator 9 to the consumer unit 19.
- a second switchable clutch 22 is arranged, by means of which the torque transmission between these two components can be interrupted.
- the switchable coupling 22 is formed in a common housing with the angle gear 21.
- the angle gear 21 may also be attached to the support frame 14.
- a freewheel 23 may be formed.
- the freewheel 23 can be achieved that the generator 9 is driven during operation of the internal combustion engine 8 of this.
- the generator 9 functions as an electric motor and drives the load unit 19, the engine 8 may be stopped.
- the individual components such as internal combustion engine 8, generator 9 and consumer unit 19 are coupled together by means of drive shafts 24.
- the support frame 14 is modularly coupled to the vehicle body 2, so that it can be easily removed from the emergency vehicle 1 for maintenance purposes or for repair purposes.
- one or more plug connections are formed in the electrical line network 12, by means of which the built-in support frame 14 electrical see units, such as the generator 9 when disassembling the support frame 14 can be unplugged.
- the carrier frame 14 can be easily lifted out of the emergency vehicle 1 by loosening the fastening means 16 and by separating the electrical line network 12.
- the components arranged on the carrier frame 14 can be lifted out of the emergency vehicle 1 together with the carrier frame 14.
- the support frame 14 or the components mounted thereon can be serviced or repaired outside the emergency vehicle 1.
- the pair of wheels 3 which serves to drive the emergency vehicle 1, shown in an exemplary plan view.
- the pair of wheels 3 which serves to drive the emergency vehicle 1, shown in an exemplary plan view.
- several or all wheel pairs 3 of the emergency vehicles 1 have a drive function.
- the wheels 6 of the pair of wheels 3 can optionally also be designed to be steerable.
- the wheels 6 of the pair of wheels 3 are coupled to the vehicle body 2, wherein this is shown for the sake of clarity only schematically.
- the wheels 6 are coupled to the vehicle body 2 by means of an independent wheel suspension.
- the wheels 6 are arranged on a common axis, which is accommodated on the vehicle body 2.
- an energy input interface 31 can be formed, by means of which electrical energy can be obtained from an external energy supply device, such as another emergency vehicle.
- an external energy supply device may, for example, also be a mobile energy provider, such as a combustion engine with a generator or a galvanic cell.
- an energy output interface 32 can be formed by means of which electrical energy can be emitted to an external energy source, such as another emergency vehicle.
- the external energy reference source may for example also be a device which does not have its own drive unit, for example a pump transported on a trailer.
- the electric motor 11 is coupled to a differential 25 and the drive wheels 6 are torque-coupled via two half-axes 26 to the differential 25.
- a transmission 27 is arranged, by means of which the speed of the electric motor 11 can be appropriately reduced.
- the transmission 27 may alternatively also be formed directly on the electric motor 11, for example in the form of a geared motor.
- the transmission 27 is arranged with the differential 25 in a common housing.
- a second electric motor 28 is formed, which may also be coupled to the differential 25.
- a secondary output 29 is arranged on the differential 25 and the gear 27, which has an output shaft 30.
- the secondary output 29 can be used to drive other consumer units.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ATA50813/2016A AT519101B1 (de) | 2016-09-13 | 2016-09-13 | Einsatzfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betrieb des Einsatzfahrzeuges |
PCT/AT2017/060219 WO2018049444A1 (de) | 2016-09-13 | 2017-09-08 | Einsatzfahrzeug und verfahren zum betrieb des einsatzfahrzeuges |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3512730A1 true EP3512730A1 (de) | 2019-07-24 |
Family
ID=60117400
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17784529.4A Ceased EP3512730A1 (de) | 2016-09-13 | 2017-09-08 | Einsatzfahrzeug und verfahren zum betrieb des einsatzfahrzeuges |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20190225071A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3512730A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2019531220A (de) |
CN (1) | CN109689421A (de) |
AR (1) | AR109516A1 (de) |
AT (1) | AT519101B1 (de) |
TW (1) | TW201815598A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018049444A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102017119256A1 (de) * | 2017-08-23 | 2019-02-28 | Fraport Ag Frankfurt Airport Services Worldwide | Einsatz- oder Nutzfahrzeug für ein räumlich begrenztes Einsatzgebiet |
DE102018208461A1 (de) * | 2018-05-29 | 2019-12-05 | Albert Ziegler Gmbh | Löschfahrzeug und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Löschfahrzeugs |
US11511642B2 (en) | 2019-04-05 | 2022-11-29 | Oshkosh Corporation | Electric concrete vehicle systems and methods |
US10981024B1 (en) | 2019-10-11 | 2021-04-20 | Oshkosh Corporation | Hybrid fire fighting vehicle |
JP2021109578A (ja) * | 2020-01-14 | 2021-08-02 | ダイムラー・アクチェンゲゼルシャフトDaimler AG | 電動車両の駆動装置 |
CN112172550A (zh) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-01-05 | 芜湖安行汽车科技有限公司 | 一种串联混动机场消防车专用底盘的电控系统 |
Citations (1)
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US20150246649A1 (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2015-09-03 | Rosenbauer International Ag | Voltage supply and drive system for a fire service vehicle or rescue vehicle or special utility vehicle and method for controlling same |
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ES1041516Y (es) * | 1998-11-06 | 2000-01-01 | Gonzalez Carlos Nunez | Modulo motopropulsor extraible para vehiculos. |
WO2000074964A1 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 2000-12-14 | Kevin Jon Lawson | Trailer for 'in-flight' powering and recharging of electric vehicles |
DE20211951U1 (de) * | 2002-01-18 | 2002-12-05 | Baur Lutz | Fahrzeug mit einem Antriebsmotor |
US7449793B2 (en) * | 2004-02-18 | 2008-11-11 | Bluwav Systems, Llc | Portable range extender with autonomous control of starting and stopping operations |
GB0621306D0 (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2006-12-06 | Wrightbus Ltd | A hybrid electric vehicle |
US20110231046A1 (en) * | 2008-11-12 | 2011-09-22 | International Truck Intellectual Property Company, Llc | Variable Speed PTO & Hydraulic Flow Control for Body Equipment Integrated with a Hybrid Electric Powertrain |
DE102011112870A1 (de) * | 2011-09-07 | 2013-03-07 | Paragon Ag | Reichweitenverlängerer für Elektrofahrzeuge |
JP6207737B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-24 | 2017-10-04 | アリース エコ アーク(ケイマン) シーオー.エルティーディー. | 大型電気自動車の着脱式高電圧絶縁構造 |
DE102013014305A1 (de) * | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | Man Truck & Bus Ag | Fahrzeuganhänger |
WO2015143088A1 (en) * | 2014-03-19 | 2015-09-24 | Motivo Engineering LLC | Mobile power conversion and distribution system |
CN104590043B (zh) * | 2014-12-27 | 2017-02-22 | 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 | 一种增程型电动汽车的能量管理系统及其方法 |
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2016
- 2016-09-13 AT ATA50813/2016A patent/AT519101B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2017
- 2017-09-08 JP JP2019514007A patent/JP2019531220A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-09-08 AR ARP170102487A patent/AR109516A1/es unknown
- 2017-09-08 EP EP17784529.4A patent/EP3512730A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2017-09-08 US US16/332,490 patent/US20190225071A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-09-08 WO PCT/AT2017/060219 patent/WO2018049444A1/de active Search and Examination
- 2017-09-08 CN CN201780056232.0A patent/CN109689421A/zh active Pending
- 2017-09-13 TW TW106131496A patent/TW201815598A/zh unknown
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US20150246649A1 (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2015-09-03 | Rosenbauer International Ag | Voltage supply and drive system for a fire service vehicle or rescue vehicle or special utility vehicle and method for controlling same |
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See also references of WO2018049444A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2019531220A (ja) | 2019-10-31 |
CN109689421A (zh) | 2019-04-26 |
AT519101A4 (de) | 2018-04-15 |
US20190225071A1 (en) | 2019-07-25 |
TW201815598A (zh) | 2018-05-01 |
AR109516A1 (es) | 2018-12-19 |
WO2018049444A1 (de) | 2018-03-22 |
AT519101B1 (de) | 2018-04-15 |
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