Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
  • B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
  • B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
  • B66C1/62—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled
  • B66C1/66—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means comprising article-engaging members of a shape complementary to that of the articles to be handled for engaging holes, recesses, or abutments on articles specially provided for facilitating handling thereof
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
  • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
  • E04G21/142—Means in or on the elements for connecting same to handling apparatus

Definitions

• the invention relates to a dynamic lifting anchor, a construction element, such as a concrete panel in particular, cast horizontally, for lifting said panel without mechanical means or additional reinforcements.
• This anchor comprises in known manner a head portion capable of being attached to a gripping ring, a foot and a body interposed between the head and the foot, the body and the foot being intended to be immersed in the constituent material of the construction element, the anchor being obtained by folding at least one flat, of which different successive portions respectively form the head, the body and the foot of the anchor.
• an anchor comprising a rigidity box, formed at the foot of the anchor by two opposing divergent flattening legs and two converging lower branches, has the advantage of maintaining the angle of diverging branches and thus the amplitude of the cone of compression generated when lifting a building element.
• an anchor of this type is not particularly suitable for lifting particularly heavy construction elements and thus limited its scope.
• the invention aims to overcome these disadvantages.
• the invention relates to a lifting anchor of a construction element, such as a concrete panel, comprising a head portion capable of being attached to a gripping ring, a foot and a body interposed between the head and the foot, the body and the foot being intended to be immersed in the constituent material of the construction element, the anchor extending along a main plane along a longitudinal axis and comprising at least two sub parties, each defining different successive portions respectively forming the head, the body and the foot of the anchor.
• the anchor comprises at least one reinforcing piece interposed between the two sub-parts, extending from the head of the anchor on at least a part of the foot.
• the invention may furthermore exhibit one or both of the following aspects:
• the anchor is obtained by folding a single flat comprising at least two sub-parts of the anchor continuously bonded.
• the anchor is composed of at least two separate sub-parts, each being obtained by folding at least one flat part.
• the reinforcement piece is an independent piece interposed on the anchor.
• the reinforcing piece is a piece connected with the anchor continuously, obtained by folding a flat containing at least a sub-part of the anchor.
• the constituent portions of the foot of the anchor comprising two lower branches diverging on either side of the body of the anchor, and two branches converge towards one another and extending from diverging branches.
• the anchor comprises locking means (21, 22, 26) converging branches against each other.
• the locking means of a converging branch to the other comprise at least one projection formed on the lower free edge of the converging branch, and a receiving housing of this projection, formed in the thickness of the opposite converging branch from its lower free edge, the projection being engaged in the housing when the flat head portions of the anchor and the reinforcement interposed therebetween, are pressed against each other.
• the locking means comprise a single projection offset transversely with respect to the center of the free edge of the converging branch, and a cutout forming the receiving housing, the two lower free edges; two converging branches each having a single projection and a cutout.
• the locking means comprise a plurality of protrusions and a plurality of cutouts, the projections and cutouts alternating each other along the lower free edge of the converging limb, the two lower free edges of the two converging limbs each having a plurality of projections; and several cuts forming notches.
• the reinforcement comprises a passage window for the locking means made in its thickness.
• the anchor comprises on each of the outer faces of the two sub-parts, at least one external lifting ribs.
• the outer rib extends along a longitudinal axis of the anchor or in a direction inclined relative to this axis.
• the two sub-parts and / or at least one of the sub-parts and the central reinforcement are secured to one another by a material bridge formed by a portion of flat folded along a fold.
• the fold extends along a lateral edge of the head of the anchor, or an upper edge of the head of the anchor or a lower edge of the foot of the anchor.
• the anchor comprises at least one lateral return (16a, 16b) along the body, extending in a plane outside the main plane of the body.
• the lateral return is with a delta shape starting from the head.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 are a perspective view of an anchor according to a first embodiment of the invention, unassembled (FIG. 1) and assembled (FIG. 2).
• FIGS. 3 and 4 are a perspective view of an anchor according to a second embodiment of the invention, unassembled (FIG. 3) and assembled (FIG. 4).
• FIGS. 5 and 6 are a perspective view of an anchor according to a third embodiment of the invention, not assembled (FIG. 5) and assembled (FIG. 6)
• FIGS. 7A and 7B show an alternative embodiment of a lifting and lifting anchor advantageously provided with two longitudinal ribs protruding outwardly from the lateral faces of the two flats, and respectively by a front view (7A) and a perspective view. (7B), FIG. 7A further illustrating in dashed lines the possibility of interposing a central reinforcement between the two flats provided with external longitudinal ribs;
• FIGS. 8 to 11 show, in perspective views, an alternative embodiment of the assembly of two flats constituting an anchor without reinforcement (FIGS. 8 to 10), and with reinforcement (FIG. 11) allowing a fixed relative hold of the various constituent flats of the anchor,
• FIG. 12 schematically represents flatly the various flats constituting the anchor of FIG. 11 and their junctions in pairs
• FIGS. 13A and 13A respectively represent a flat and an anchor made by a lateral folding from this flat
• FIGS. 13B and 13B 'respectively represent a flat and an anchor with an interposed reinforcement made by a lateral folding from this flat
• FIG. 13C diagrammatically represents a flat surface for making an anchor that can be used as a reinforcement
• FIGS. 13C and 13D show two alternative embodiments of an anchor that can be used as a reinforcement with the different length of the foot
• FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14C, 14 'and 14 " are perspective views of the embodiments of an anchor by longitudinal folding
• FIGS. 15A, 15A ', 15A ", 15B and 15C show perspective views of the variants of an anchor by a series of lateral and longitudinal folds
• FIGS. 16, 16A and 16B show, in perspective views, the variant shapes of the body of the anchor
• Figures 17, 17A-C and 18, 18A-C are perspective views of the anchor assembly variants with reinforcement and platinum.
• the anchor according to the invention comprises a head part 1, a part 2 forming the body of the anchor and a part 3 forming the foot.
• the anchor with the exception of the head 1 which remains outside the material of the construction element and is adapted to be attached to a handling machine, is intended to be embedded in the constituent material of the construction element whose anchor is intended to facilitate handling.
• this element of construction can be a slab or a concrete panel and the head 1 of the anchor is accessible from a free edge of the panel in which has been practiced a recess or "reservation" authorizing the passing of the head 1 of the anchor, while the body 2 and foot 3 of the anchor are immersed in the concrete.
• the anchor according to FIG. 3 is made from two identical flats 12a,
• a convergent branch 8a, 8b extending under the branch 7a over a greater or lesser length for example of approximately 8 to 13 cm, making it possible to keep the foot of the anchor deep in the construction element,
• a converging branch 10a extending under the divergent branch to join the plane P and come to bear by its lower end against that of the converging branch 10b of the other flat.
• these flats In order to allow their folding along the fold lines A-D, these flats have a thickness generally less than 15 mm.
• This anchor with two twin flats is arranged in the panel so that the plane in which the width of the flats fits is confused with the lifting plane.
• the diverging lower branches 9a, 9b define active faces which, combined with the developed surface of the flat part, make it possible to urge the concrete both for adhesion and for shearing at the level of the anchors generated by the facets.
• these branches 9a, 9b define during lifting, a compression zone centered on the main plane of the anchor, the top of which is situated towards the foot of the anchor and whose the base extends around the head of the anchor.
• the amplitude of the base of the compression zone is all the more important that the inclination of a branch 9a, 9b is close to 45 °, and even lower than this inclination is close to a horizontal plane .
• Converging branches 10a, 10b which according to this embodiment are in contact with one another by their lower end edge, allow maintain fixed the inclination of divergent branches relative to the longitudinal plane P of the flat during lifting of the panel.
• the anchor comprises a reinforcement piece interposed between the two flats.
• the reinforcing piece is in the form of a plate 13 preferably having a length and width substantially similar to those of a projection of the flats 12a, 12b between which it is arranged in the plane P.
• the plate located in the plane P, thus has an upper end portion engaged between the end portions of the two flats defining the head of the anchor, the lower end being held between the lower edges of the branches. lower convergent 10a, 10b.
• these two branches 10a, 10b and the part facing the plate comprise mutual locking means.
• these complementary means comprise two flattening projections 21 respectively extending the two converging branches 10b beyond their lower transverse edges 22, and a window 24 is formed in the thickness of the plate of FIG. reinforcement 20 to accommodate the two projections 21 of the two converging branches 10a, 10b.
• This window will be shaped to receive these two projections, that is to say it will have a width slightly greater than the cumulative widths of the two projections, and a height taking into account the inclination of these projections (which is that of the converging branches) to allow their insertion into the window on simple approximation of the two flats 12a, 12b to the plate 20.
• the projections of the two converging branches are offset from each other with respect to the longitudinal axis Al- ⁇ of each flat to allow their concomitant engagement in the window.
• the projections of the two flats are offset with respect to the axis Al- ⁇ of the same gap so that the two flats are identical and can be arranged on one side or the other of the plane P.
• the projections are each arranged so as to be able to dock against each other when assembling the flats around the plate 20, that is to say with a lateral edge coinciding with the axis ⁇ 1- ⁇ .
• the anchor according to FIGS. 1 and 2 also comprises two flats 12a, 12b assembled on either side of a reinforcing plate 20 whose convergent branches 10a, 10b are provided with projections 21 which engage in a corresponding window. 24 of the plate 20, projections and window according to the description made with reference to Figures 3 and 4, but its two flats are devoid of their body 2, diverging intermediate facets and convergent, so that the body 2 of each flattened simply extends in the extension of the head 6a, 6b in the plane P.
• the plate or reinforcement 20 interposed between the two flats 12a, 12b does not extend over the length of the projection in the plane P of the two flats, but at substantially half length flat body. It does not need to be provided with a window for the protrusions of the converging branches since it remains interposed between the head parts and the upper part of the body of the anchor.
• Converging branches comprise locking means directly to one another, being in the form of complementary notches 26 formed on the lower transverse edge of these branches. Ideally, the two flats facing the notches are identical.
• the hollows of the notches of a convergent branch allow the engagement of the projections of the notches of the other convergent branch.
• the reinforcement can be attached to the two flats by rivets at the head of the anchor and / or the body of the anchor.
• the central reinforcement may be provided between two flats with constituent ribs of the anchor.
• the anchor may comprise two longitudinal ribs 31 protruding outwardly from the outer lateral faces 32 of the two flats.
• These longitudinal ribs make it possible to achieve an effective lifting and turning anchor because of the flat mass of concrete trapped above the upper surface of the ribs when the panel is raised from a horizontal position to a vertical position.
• These external ribs may be formed by recessing the flats of an anchor with a punch of a shape adapted to the desired rib shape. Depending on this shape, it is possible to obtain the optimal lifting force profile. We can optimize the shape of each rib to achieve this goal.
• the anchor is formed by the pairing of two flats forming together a foot diverging branches 9a, 9b in particular at 45 ° and subjacent converging branches 10a, 10b forming an angle of about 60 ° -70
• convergent branches intermediate adhesion facets 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b whose upper facets 7a, 7b make an angle ⁇ of about 15 ° with the plane P, and the lower facets 8a, 8b an angle ⁇ about 160 ° with the corresponding upper facet.
• the outer rib 31 extends in this example along a lower portion of the upper facet 7a, 7b extends on the lower facet 8a, 8b to near the beginning of the foot (deviation of about 1/10 of the total length of the anchor). It represents a width equivalent to about a quarter of the width of a flat, and the height of the external boss that it forms is equivalent to the thickness of the flat.
• This rib presents in the illustrated example, a generally oblong shape. It may advantageously have a substantially triangular shape.
• other rib profiles can be considered and other implementations on the flat.
• several external ribs may be provided on the outer faces of the flats, may extend over a greater or lesser length, be more or less inclined relative to the median line of the anchor, non-rectilinear, broken, interrupted. ..
• an anchor with twin flats may have flats provided with external ribs, and not necessarily be provided with a central flat.
• the central reinforcement 20 can be secured to one of the two flats 12a by means of a flat fold 33 interposed according to FIG. 12, between two portions of flats in the extension l one of the other in the configuration "flat” or “not yet shaped” of the anchor and forming, when the anchor is shaped, the central reinforcement 20 and one of the two flats 12a.
• this fold 33 is found to coincide with the lower end of the foot of the anchor when shaped.
• the reinforcement 20 may be secured to the other flat 12b by means of a second fold 36 interposed according to FIG. 12, between two portions of flats side by side in the "flat" configuration of the anchor and forming, when the anchor is shaped, the central reinforcement 20 and the other flats 12b.
• This second fold 36 is found to coincide with an upper lateral portion of the anchor.
• the assembly of two flats to one another by means of a fold or fold of flattened integral with the two flats and forming a junction between those ci can be operated at the lower end of the anchor between the two converging branches of two constituent flats of the anchor ( Figure 8) by the fold 33, on a lateral portion of the head of the anchor ( Figure 9 ) between the two lateral edges of the two head portions of the two flats twinned by the fold 36, or at the upper end of the anchor between the two upper edges of the two head portions of the two twinned flats (FIG. 10) by the fold 37.
• the "pattern" from which these three anchors are formed comprises: FIG.
• the flat part will comprise lines of additional folding to define two slightly divergent upper limbs (for example at 15 ° with respect to the plane P), two converging upper branches joining the plane P, and a rigidity box with branches diverging at 45 ° and converging branches making a angle of about 80 °.
• the total length of this anchor may be between 100 and 400 mm, the width of the flat of 20, 25, 30, 40, 60 or 80 mm, the thickness of the flat between 3 and 8 mm
• FIG. 9 two portions of flat surface side by side united by a flattened bridge of a width of the order of two thicknesses of flat, the median line of this bridge of material being capable of forming the fold,
• FIG. 10 shows two flattened portions in the extension of one another of a length coinciding with the extended length of each flattened flat, these two flat portions being separated by a line at half length capable of forming the fold 37 and located at a constriction for forming the upper edge of the anchor of lesser width than the rest of the head and body of the anchor.
• the anchor according to the invention has major advantages over the anchors of the state of the art.
• An anchor of this type is made by a simple and inexpensive manufacturing process, based on the folding of a single or two flats allows thanks to the reinforcement to achieve the lifting of relatively heavy construction elements.
• one or more reinforcements may be interposed between the flats of the anchor, these reinforcements may also have different shapes outside the flats.
• the anchors are made by folding. This technique simplifies manufacturing and especially eliminates the problems of assemblies.
• the anchor extends along a main plane along a longitudinal axis X (as shown in Figures 13 to 18), that is to say, there are successively the portions forming the head, the body and the foot extending along the longitudinal axis X.
• each portion may have branches deviating from the longitudinal axis X.
• the foot portion may be constituted by the two divergent branches and converging forming a rhombus and away from the main plane of the longitudinal axis X. It is also possible to have the foot portion constituted only by two divergent branches.
• the anchor is made by a lateral folding of a single piece of flat.
• Figure 13A illustrates a flat, on which are formed two subparts of the anchor, each having the portion of the head, body and foot. Between the two subparts of the anchor, a lateral fold is provided along the longitudinal axis X. When a lateral folding method is applied, the two sub-parts are laterally supported, so that they overlap as indicated by the double semicircle arrows in Figure 13 A '. In Figure 13A of the flat, two folds in feet are also provided to form the two divergent and converging branches of the foot portion. Figure 13A 'illustrates an anchor thus formed with a layer of thickness. In addition to this achievement with only two subparts of the anchor, it is possible to realize an anchor with multiple subparts ((3, 4, 5 ...) on a single flat. a process composed of several successive lateral folds, an anchor with several layers of thickness is obtained.
• Figure 13B illustrates a flat, on which are formed two subparts of the anchor and a reinforcement.
• the two subparts of the anchor are the same as those shown in Fig. 13A and 13A '.
• the reinforcement mainly has the head and the body, optionally the foot. Between one of the subparts of the anchor and the reinforcement, a lateral fold is provided along the longitudinal axis X.
• the lateral folding method is applicable in two ways in order to obtain the reinforcement placed either inside or outside the anchor. In the first way, the reinforcement is pressed laterally to the side sub-section as indicated by the double semicircle arrows in Figure 13B.
• Figures 13C and 13D are the variants of the anchor of those shown in Figures 13A and B. There is provided a double side fold which can define a varied distance between the two subparts of the anchor. After the lateral folding process, the anchor may also be used as a reinforcement superimposed over another anchor as shown in Figure 13C. In accordance with the length of the foot, the anchor may have two diverging lower branches as in Figure 13C or also two converging branches extending from the diverging branches as in Figure 13D.
• the anchor is made by a longitudinal folding of a single flat.
• a longitudinal folding process is applied, the two sub-portions are supported longitudinally.
• Figure 14A shows an anchor formed by a longitudinal folding of the two sub-parts along a fold along the lateral axis Y at the foot position. It is also possible to make an anchor formed by a longitudinal folding at the position of the head. Apart from this embodiment with only two subparts of the anchor, it is possible to make an anchor with multiple sub-parts (3, 4, 5 ...) on a flat. After the realization of a process composed of several successive longitudinal folds, an anchor with several layers of thickness is obtained.
• FIG. 14A ' shows an anchor formed by a longitudinal folding at the position of the head and two longitudinal folds at the ends of divergent branches of the foot portion.
• Figure 14A shows an anchor formed by longitudinal folding at the position of the head, with two reinforcements - each being superimposed on the outside of a diverging branch of the foot portion by a longitudinal fold.
• an independent reinforcement As illustrated in FIG. 14B, an inverted Y-shaped independent reinforcement is inserted between the two anchor sub-parts. As illustrated in FIG. 14C, a perfectly straight independent reinforcement is inserted between the two anchor sub-parts. It is also possible to overlay a reinforcement shown in Figure 13C above the anchor shown in Figure 14A.
• the anchor is made by a series of lateral and longitudinal folds of a single flat.
• Fig. 15A shows an embodiment of an anchor with four sub-portions formed by a longitudinal fold and two lateral folds.
• the two lateral folds give two lateral folds in the X direction, each of the two folds connecting two subparts of the anchor. While the longitudinal fold gives a fold in the head in the direction Y, which connects the four subparts of the anchor.
• Fig. 15A shows another embodiment of an anchor with four sub-portions formed by lateral folding and two longitudinal folds.
• the two longitudinal folds give two folds at the ends of the diverging branches of the foot portion in the Y direction, each of the two folds connecting two subparts of the anchor. While the lateral folding gives a lateral fold in the X direction, which connects the four subparts of the anchor.
• FIG. 15A An example is shown in FIG. 15A ", in which the anchor is formed by a lateral folding in the X direction.
• the two reinforcements are at the outside of the two diverging branches of the foot portion, formed by two longitudinal folds.
• FIG. 15B shows an anchor with reinforcement formed by a first lateral folding along a fold II along the longitudinal axis X and a second longitudinal folding along another fold II-II along the lateral axis Y.
• first lateral folding an inverted Y-shaped reinforcement is placed side-by-side with a sub-part of the anchor, while by the second longitudinal folding, the other sub-part of the anchor is interposed on the other side of the reinforcement.
• FIG. 15C shows an anchor with reinforcement formed by two lateral folds along the longitudinal axis X and a longitudinal folding along the lateral axis Y.
• each reinforcement is placed next to a sub-portion of the anchor, while by the longitudinal folding, the two anchor sub-parts block the two reinforcements in the middle.
• Figure 16 shows a shape variation of the body of the anchor, which includes two lateral returns (16a, 16b) along the body.
• a part of the body can deviate from the main plane to form the wings.
• the wings allow to distribute the load over the entire length of the anchor, for example with a delta shape starting from the head.
• the wings usually extend in a plane outside the main plane of the body.
• This anchor can be used also as a reinforcement.
• the anchor with the delta-shaped wings is superimposed on an anchor shown in FIG. 14A.
• the notch is introduced on the foot of the anchor to receive the insertion of the reinforcement pin. It is also possible to keep a foot portion of the reinforcement as shown in Figure 16B.
• the reinforcement is superimposed on the anchor, the diverging foot portion of the reinforcement is superimposed on the two diverging legs of the anchor.
• the anchor is made by a lateral folding of a single flat.
• Figure 17A shows an anchor formed by a lateral folding of the two sub-parts along a fold along the longitudinal axis X. It is possible to provide a certain space between the two sub-parts.
• Figure 17B shows a roof-shaped plate, which follows the angle of the two divergent branches of the foot portion of the anchor. In the upper part of the roof, there is an opening in the form of a slot.
• Figure 17C shows an inverted Y-shaped reinforcement. The arrows between FIGS. 17B and C show the insertion direction of the reinforcement, crossing the slit of the plate, in the space between the two sub-parts of the anchor.
• Figure 17 shows the assembly of the three parts.
• the anchor is made by a longitudinal folding of a single flat.
• Figure 18A shows an anchor formed by a longitudinal folding of the two sub-parts along a fold along the lateral axis Y. It is possible to provide a certain space between the two sub-parts.
• Figure 18B shows a plate identical to that described in Figure 17B.
• Figure 18C shows an inverted Y-shaped reinforcement identical to that described in Figure 17C. The arrows between FIGS. 18B and C show the insertion direction of the reinforcement, crossing the slot of platinum, in the space between the two subparts of the anchor.
• Figure 18 shows the assembly of the three parts.
• the particularities of the embodiments such as the number of folds in the X or Y direction, the number of subparts of the anchor, the folding sequence, the different thicknesses, the different means for the reinforcement and the joining can vary and can be combined with each other to define an optimal dynamic anchor according to the construction element.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

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• 2016
  • 2016-09-02 CA CA3035512A patent/CA3035512A1/fr not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-09-02 EP EP16778080.8A patent/EP3507431A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2016-09-02 CN CN201680090594.7A patent/CN109963994A/zh active Pending
  • 2016-09-02 AU AU2016421469A patent/AU2016421469A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-09-02 WO PCT/FR2016/052179 patent/WO2018042083A1/fr unknown
  • 2016-09-02 US US16/329,398 patent/US20190292022A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-09-02 JP JP2019533696A patent/JP2019526730A/ja active Pending

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