EP3503671A1 - Dispositif de chauffage électrique ainsi que son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage électrique ainsi que son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3503671A1
EP3503671A1 EP18213797.6A EP18213797A EP3503671A1 EP 3503671 A1 EP3503671 A1 EP 3503671A1 EP 18213797 A EP18213797 A EP 18213797A EP 3503671 A1 EP3503671 A1 EP 3503671A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat
mass
frame
ptc element
ptc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18213797.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3503671B1 (fr
Inventor
Kurt Walz
Kai-Fabian Bürkle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eberspaecher Catem GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Eberspaecher Catem GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eberspaecher Catem GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Eberspaecher Catem GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP3503671A1 publication Critical patent/EP3503671A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3503671B1 publication Critical patent/EP3503671B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/26—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base
    • H05B3/262—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor mounted on insulating base the insulating base being an insulated metal plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0435—Structures comprising heat spreading elements in the form of fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric heater, in particular for a motor vehicle, with heat-emitting elements and with a heat-generating element, which is thermally conductively connected at opposite main side surfaces with the heat-emitting elements and having a positioning frame and at least one PTC heating element, which is provided in the position frame and main side surfaces for the heat extraction.
  • This PTC element is applied to contact plates of different polarity.
  • the main side surfaces of the position frame are provided with a frame opening leading to the PTC element.
  • Such a prior art is for example from the EP 1 768 459 A1 known.
  • this prior art is located on opposite main side surfaces of the PTC element on a contact plate, which is provided on the outside with insulation.
  • a heat-emitting element in the form of a corrugated fin is provided on the outside with insulation.
  • the present invention is based on the problem to provide an electric heater and a method for producing such, which can be operated with good efficiency, the method should be simple and reliable feasible.
  • the present invention proposes an electric heating device having the features of claim 1. This differs from the aforementioned prior art in that in the frame opening an electrically insulating mass with good thermal conductivity is introduced, which bridges the distance between the heat-emitting element and the PTC element or the contact plate.
  • the present invention may be based on the consideration that the positioning frame prescribes a receiving space which is in contact with the electrically insulating mass in the liquid or viscous liquid Condition can be filled.
  • This receiving space is at least laterally, possibly also completely surrounded by the positioning frame.
  • the position frame can form a corresponding receiving space for both main side surfaces of the PTC element.
  • the PTC element is usually located in the height direction centered in the position frame.
  • the position frame due to its design can specify a PTC recording or a plurality of PTC images for the predetermined positioning of a plurality of PTC elements within the position frame.
  • the PTC images usually specify the position of a PTC element in a form-fitting manner within the position frame.
  • the PTC element can be contacted with a contact plate on the front side.
  • the contact plate is not on a main side surface of the PTC element, but on a front side, the main side surface circumferentially surrounding edge surface of the PTC element.
  • the heat-emitting surface of the PTC element is at least partially exposed within the frame opening.
  • the electrically insulating compound is filled against the surface of the PTC element. Accordingly, the PTC element forms the lower boundary of the frame opening.
  • the contact plate in which the contact plate rests on a main side surface of the PTC element, the contact plate bounded on the underside of the frame opening and is wetted with the electrically insulating compound on the opposite side of the PTC element.
  • the electrically insulating mass extends from the interior of the position frame, i. H. the surface of the PTC element and / or the contact plate to the outside, usually up to an outer surface of the position frame.
  • the electrically insulating compound is preferably applied before or during curing already against the surface of the heat-emitting element provided there, so that the electrically insulating compound sets in the preferred curing of the electrically insulating mass against the heat-emitting element and this with good thermal conductivity with the PTC Element coupled and beyond a unit of heat-emitting element and heat-generating element is formed. It is understood that this unit comprises two heat-emitting elements which abut on opposite main side surfaces of the positioning frame and which are preferably joined together in this way together with the heat-generating element.
  • the heat generating element does not have to be formed symmetrically in the height direction, with the PTC element extending in the axis of symmetry.
  • Such a design is though to be preferred.
  • it may nevertheless first be prepared a position frame with one or more PTC elements, which already forms on one side of a core or insert of a good thermal conductivity material, for example, provided with an electrically insulating material, against the heat-emitting element at this Side of the position frame is glued.
  • a PTC element can optionally be applied with the associated contact plate against such a layer of electrically insulating material. This is then followed by filling the opposite frame opening with the insulating mass.
  • the PTC element centrally in the height direction in the positioning frame, so that mutually opposite frame openings are formed by the positioning frame, which are respectively filled with the electrically insulating mass in the manner described above.
  • the space bridged by the mass extends in the height direction and thus in a direction perpendicular to the extension of the main side surface of the PTC element and the position frame. As a rule, almost the entire main side surface of the PTC element is wetted or covered by the mass.
  • the electrically insulating compound is preferably an addition-crosslinking two-component polymer, for example a correspondingly crosslinking silicone.
  • the polymer should be resistant to hydrolysis.
  • Important is a good thermal conductivity of at least 2 W / (m K).
  • the composition preferably has a thermal conductivity of 3, more preferably 5 W / (m K).
  • the mass is usually added to a filler.
  • These fillers are particles with good thermal conductivity, which, however, have electrically insulating properties.
  • particles of alumina may be used as filler. It can be gas or water atomization particles.
  • a filler content of at least 50% by volume, more preferably between 85% by volume and 95% by volume. Although such a proportion of filler allows a very good thermal conductivity, but does not hinder the basically molten processing of the electrically insulating mass.
  • Flakes are preferably used as filler, ie particles with irregular geometry and a considerable particle size distribution. Such a property of the filler content improves the dense placement of the filler within the liquid phase. The particles can interlock well and have direct contact with each other, which has a favorable effect on the heat transport through the mass.
  • the filler fraction with good thermal conductivity is preferably admixed before mixing the components of each individual component. This improves the degree of mixing of the resulting electrically insulating material.
  • the composition should also have a good dielectric strength of at least 10 kV / mm, more preferably at least 20 kV / mm.
  • the specific breakdown resistance should be at least 1.9 x 10 15 ⁇ / cm.
  • the CTI value relevant for tracking resistance should be CTI> 600.
  • the electrically insulating mass may be formed so that the two components crosslink at room temperature. Such crosslinking is known to be accelerated with increasing temperature.
  • the PTC element can be energized to crosslink the electrically insulating material and thereby heat is generated in the interior of the product to be produced.
  • the PTC element is usually operated with a voltage below the operating voltage.
  • Important for a controlled hardening of the electrically insulating compound without blistering is the best possible heating.
  • the temperature inside must not rise too fast.
  • the stress for hardening the mass is set to a value which is below the actual operating point. For example, in a heat generating element operated at high voltage, for example, 350 V, the voltage for heating may be 200V.
  • the curing is preferably carried out with a stamp, by which the electrically insulating compound is not only pressed in the frame opening, but is also cured.
  • This stamp can bear directly against the electrically insulating compound or with the interposition of the heat-emitting element or a part thereof.
  • the compressive stress is also used to connect the heat-emitting element well with the heat-generating element and to secure the connection permanently by curing the electrically insulating mass. It can be smoothed before curing the electrically insulating material and after the introduction of the same in the frame opening to remove excess material and to even out the surface, so that the heat-emitting element can be applied over the entire surface of the electrically insulating mass to the heat-generating element.
  • the stamp is preferably heated or heated before or during the pressing.
  • the positioning frame has the PTC element protruding on both sides. These projections prevent one direct contact between the heat-emitting, usually made of metal element and the electrically conductive parts of the heat-generating element.
  • the protrusions ensure a minimum clearance that is filled with the electrically insulating mass.
  • the corresponding contact surface is usually formed by pins which project beyond the PTC element on both sides.
  • the PTC element can be surmounted in each case by a plurality of pins on its opposite main side surfaces, so that the PTC element is fixed in position in the direction of the frame opening between the pins within the position frame in a form-fitting manner.
  • the pins have an extension in the longitudinal direction of the usually elongated frame, which is preferably less than the longitudinal extension of the PTC element.
  • This consideration assumes that the material forming the position frame has a poorer thermal conductivity than the electrically insulating mass, so that the area ratios of the position frame forming material within the frame opening, ie, the space between the main side surface of the PTC element and the associated heat emitting element should be filled as possible with the electrically insulating mass.
  • the heat-generating element can lie directly or with the interposition of the mass.
  • the method for solving the above problem with the present invention provides for arranging at least one PTC element in the positioning frame and at a distance from the main side surfaces thereof. Thereafter, the frame opening is filled with an electrically insulating material with good thermal conductivity. This mass is introduced into the frame opening in such a way that the distance between the main side surface and the PTC element is bridged. This distance is predetermined either by the surface of the PTC element itself or by a contact plate resting against this surface. The statements made to the device claim insofar here apply accordingly.
  • a heat-emitting element is applied against the mass, which may also be applied against parts, in particular projections of the position frame, in order to maintain the necessary distance to the PTC element.
  • the mass is cured by applying an external force against the heat-emitting element.
  • the heat-emitting element is connected during curing of the mass against the PTC element with the interposition of the mass with the heat-generating element.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a positioning frame 2, which is formed by two parallel extending frame frames 4.
  • each of the positioning frame strips 4 in the longitudinal direction of the strips 4 spaced apart projections 6, which in the height direction (see. Fig. 1 ) are provided one above the other so that they form a PTC receptacle 8 for a designated by reference numeral 10 PTC element.
  • the PTC element 10 is held positively in the height direction H.
  • the PTC element 10 extends beyond the individual projections 6 in the longitudinal direction of the positioning frame strips 4. Between individual PTC elements 10, which are provided in the longitudinal direction of the positioning frame 2 in a plane in the present, there is a gap 12, the two adjacent PTC elements 10 spaced from each other.
  • the clear transverse distance of the two positioning frame strips 4 is selected so that a main side surface 14 of the PTC element 10 is completely exposed in a frame opening marked with reference numeral 16.
  • the main side surfaces 14 of the PTC elements 10 are contacted with contact plates 18, which are at least one side extended beyond the position frame 2 in the longitudinal direction L out to form contact tongues for the electrical connection of the electric heater.
  • the corresponding contact plates 18 are energized with different polarity, that is connected after connection to a power supply to line paths within the vehicle of different polarity.
  • This connection can take place with the interposition of a control device, which is integrated in a frame, which is preferably made of plastic and an outer enclosure of a single, in Fig. 2 can be 20 and shown heating rod designated by reference numeral 20 or more.
  • a structural unit of the or the heating elements 20 and the control device is achieved via the frame.
  • the Fig. 1 shows an electrically insulating mass 22 filled in the opposite frame openings 16, after this mass 22 on a main side surface 24 of the position frame was smoothed out.
  • the electrically insulating mass 22 extends to the contact plates 18.
  • the mass 22 does not project beyond the position frame 2 in the height direction.
  • the mass 22 ends flush with the surface of the positioning frame 2.
  • FIG. 2 the heating element 20 is shown after completion.
  • Heat-emitting elements 26 are provided on both sides against the main side surface 24 of the positioning frame 2.
  • These corrugated rib layers 26 consist of one, possibly of several metal strips. At least one of the metal strips is meandering for the formation of corrugated fins 28 of the heat-emitting element 26 arc.
  • these corrugated fins 28 abut with their vertex directly against the main side surface 24 of the position frame 2. They are completely or partially immersed in the electrically insulating material.
  • the corrugated fins 28 may also abut against a metal strip of the heat-emitting element 26, which is provided between the vertices of the individual corrugated ribs and the main side surface 24 of the positioning frame 2 and the surfaces of the projections 6. In this case, the heat-emitting element 26 is fully connected to the electrically insulating mass 22.
  • connection takes place, for example, after placing the heat-emitting layers 26 against the opposite main side surfaces 24 of the position frame 2. Thereafter, pressed against the respective heat-emitting elements 26 from the outside. These displace partially the not yet cured electrically insulating mass 22, possibly until the heat-emitting elements 26 abut against the projections 6. Thus, the end position of the heat-emitting elements 26 is predetermined. There is provided a minimum distance between the heat-emitting elements 26 and the electrically conductive parts of a heat-generating element designated by reference numeral 30.
  • the heat-generating element 26 consists of the PTC elements 10, the contact plates 18 and the positioning frame 2 which are in contact therewith on both sides and the electrically insulating mass 22 filled in and finally hardened.
  • the stamp which bears completely or partially against the heat-emitting elements 26 is present preferably heated, so that the electrically insulating compound 22 hardens accelerated.
  • the heat-generating element 30 can be energized to the in Fig. 2 to heat shown electric heater inside and thus to accelerate the curing process.
  • the projections 6 lie with its outer surface below the main side surface 24 of the position frame 2 predetermining level.
  • the heat-emitting Elements 26 are slightly narrower than the transverse spacing of the positioning frame strips 4 in the plane of the main side surface 24 of the positioning frame 2.
  • the heat emitting elements 24 are defined by the positioning frame 2 also in the widthwise or transverse direction B of the positioning frame. The heat-emitting elements 26 are then adhered to the heat-generating element 30, while also held positively.
  • the figures only show a section of the heat-generating element 30 and the heating rod 20 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the contact plates 18 with the contact tongues which are integrally formed thereon by punching, usually project beyond the positioning frame 2 on one side.
  • the frame 2 projects beyond the ends of the contact plates.
  • the remaining free space is also filled with the electrically insulating mass 22 in order to achieve a bottom-side termination of the heat-generating element 30 and to seal the contact plates and the PTC elements end.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP18213797.6A 2017-12-22 2018-12-19 Dispositif de chauffage électrique ainsi que son procédé de fabrication Active EP3503671B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017223779.1A DE102017223779A1 (de) 2017-12-22 2017-12-22 Elektrische Heizvorrichtung sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3503671A1 true EP3503671A1 (fr) 2019-06-26
EP3503671B1 EP3503671B1 (fr) 2023-02-22

Family

ID=64746021

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18213797.6A Active EP3503671B1 (fr) 2017-12-22 2018-12-19 Dispositif de chauffage électrique ainsi que son procédé de fabrication

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3503671B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109963362B (fr)
DE (1) DE102017223779A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1768459A1 (fr) 2005-09-23 2007-03-28 Catem GmbH & Co. KG Elément chauffant d'un dispositif de chauffage
EP2397788A1 (fr) * 2010-06-17 2011-12-21 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Caloporteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel caloporteur
EP3101365A1 (fr) * 2015-06-02 2016-12-07 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3191655B2 (ja) * 1996-01-26 2001-07-23 松下電器産業株式会社 正特性サーミスタ発熱体
CN2427945Y (zh) * 2000-03-10 2001-04-25 巫嘉雄 新型陶瓷电热栅
TWI251320B (en) * 2003-07-04 2006-03-11 Fuji Polymer Ind Thermal conductive composition, a heat-dissipating putty sheet and heat-dissipating structure using the same
EP2211589A1 (fr) * 2009-01-23 2010-07-28 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Caloporteur
EP2730854B1 (fr) * 2012-11-12 2015-06-03 Betacera Inc. Chauffage du compartiment intérieur de voiture
EP3101364B1 (fr) * 2015-06-02 2017-08-30 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de chauffage électrique

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1768459A1 (fr) 2005-09-23 2007-03-28 Catem GmbH & Co. KG Elément chauffant d'un dispositif de chauffage
EP2397788A1 (fr) * 2010-06-17 2011-12-21 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Caloporteur et procédé de fabrication d'un tel caloporteur
EP3101365A1 (fr) * 2015-06-02 2016-12-07 Eberspächer catem GmbH & Co. KG Procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif de chauffage électrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN109963362B (zh) 2022-01-18
DE102017223779A1 (de) 2019-06-27
CN109963362A (zh) 2019-07-02
EP3503671B1 (fr) 2023-02-22

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