EP3502593A1 - Vorrichtung zur erkennung von anomalien bei einer zusammensetzung und verfahren zur erkennung von anomalien bei einer zusammensetzung - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur erkennung von anomalien bei einer zusammensetzung und verfahren zur erkennung von anomalien bei einer zusammensetzung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3502593A1
EP3502593A1 EP18757070.0A EP18757070A EP3502593A1 EP 3502593 A1 EP3502593 A1 EP 3502593A1 EP 18757070 A EP18757070 A EP 18757070A EP 3502593 A1 EP3502593 A1 EP 3502593A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
refrigerant
calculation unit
temperature gradient
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18757070.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3502593A4 (de
Inventor
Atsushi Enya
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems Ltd
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Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Thermal Systems Ltd
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Publication of EP3502593A1 publication Critical patent/EP3502593A1/de
Publication of EP3502593A4 publication Critical patent/EP3502593A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/006—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant containing more than one component
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
    • F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
    • F25B2313/0311—Pressure sensors near the expansion valve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/195—Pressures of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21162—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the inlet of the condenser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition abnormality detection device and a composition abnormality detection method.
  • a refrigerant of a refrigeration cycle includes a refrigerant of a single composition and a mixed refrigerant obtained by mixing a plurality of refrigerants.
  • the mixed refrigerant includes an azeotropic mixed refrigerant and a nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant.
  • nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant boiling points of mixed compositions are different from each other, and thus, in a condensation process, the nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant is liquefied from a refrigerant having a high boiling point. Accordingly, a liquid phase in a receiver or an accumulator contains a lot of refrigerant having a high boiling point. Accordingly, in a refrigeration system using the nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant, a composition ratio when the refrigerant is enclosed and a composition ratio (hereinafter, referred to as a "circulation composition") when the refrigeration system is operated are different from each other, and thus, it is important to perform an appropriate control using thermo-physical properties of the refrigerant corresponding to the circulation composition.
  • PTL 1 discloses a refrigeration device in which a plurality of temperature measurement means are provided from a refrigerant inlet to a refrigerant outlet in an internal heat exchanger, a temperature glide of the internal heat exchanger is calculated from a temperature measured by the temperature measurement means, dryness of an inlet of the internal heat exchanger is calculated from the temperature glide, and an opening degree of an expansion valve, a frequency of a compressor, and a rotation speed of a fan are adjusted by the calculated dryness.
  • the present invention is made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a composition abnormality detection device and a composition abnormality detection method capable of detecting an abnormality of slow leakage or the like of a refrigerant at a relatively early stage.
  • a composition abnormality detection device which is applied to a refrigerant circuit using a nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant obtained by mixing a plurality kinds of refrigerants having different boiling points, the device including: a plurality of temperature measurement units which are provided from a refrigerant inlet to a refrigerant outlet of a condenser; a pressure measurement unit which measures an inlet-side pressure of the condenser; a reference value calculation unit which calculates a reference value of a temperature gradient in the condenser using a pressure measurement value measured by the pressure measurement unit; a temperature gradient calculation unit which calculates the temperature gradient using a plurality of temperature measurement values measured by the temperature measurement units; and an abnormality determination unit which determines an abnormality in a case where a difference between the temperature gradient calculated by the temperature gradient calculation unit and the reference value of the temperature gradient calculated by the reference value calculation unit is outside a preset temperature range.
  • the temperature gradients in the condenser are different from each other according to the composition ratio, and thus, it is possible to ascertain a change of the composition ratios of the refrigerant based on the temperature gradient.
  • the temperature gradient is changed according to a pressure. Accordingly, in the present aspect, it is possible to ascertain the change of the composition ratio by comparing a current temperature gradient and a temperature gradient according to the composition ratio when the refrigerant is enclosed under the same pressure condition with each other.
  • the plurality of temperature measurement units are provided from the refrigerant inlet to the refrigerant outlet of the condenser, and the temperature gradient corresponding to the current composition ratio is calculated using the plurality of temperature measurement values measured by the plurality of temperature measurement units by the temperature gradient calculation unit.
  • the inlet-side pressure of the condenser is measured by the pressure measurement unit, and the reference value of the temperature gradient in the condenser is calculated by the reference value calculation unit using the pressure measurement value measured by the pressure measurement unit.
  • the reference value is a theoretical value of the temperature gradient corresponding to the composition ratio when the refrigerant is enclosed under the same pressure conditions.
  • the abnormality detection device of the present aspect determines whether or not the difference between the temperature gradient calculated by the temperature gradient calculation unit and the reference value of the temperature gradient calculated by the reference value calculation unit is outside the preset temperature range, and in a case where the difference is outside the temperature range, the abnormality is determined. Therefore, according to the composition abnormality detection device of the present aspect, the abnormality is determined according to the change in the composition ratio, and thus, even in the slow leakage or the like in which the composition ratio is gradually changed, it is possible to detect the leakage at a relatively early stage.
  • an outdoor heat exchanger functions as the condenser in a case of a cooling operation
  • an indoor heat exchanger functions as the condenser in a case of a heating operation
  • the temperature measurement unit may include at least one inlet-side temperature measurement unit which is provided at the effective length of 0% to 40% and at least one outlet-side temperature measurement unit which is provided at the effective length of 90% to 100%, and the temperature gradient calculation unit may calculate the temperature gradient using a temperature measurement value measured by at least one inlet-side temperature measurement unit and a temperature measurement value measured by at least one outlet-side temperature measurement unit.
  • the temperature measurement unit includes a predetermined accuracy error.
  • a predetermined accuracy error For example, an inexpensive temperature sensor such as a copper pipe type thermistor used in the refrigeration device has a simple structure, and thus, the accuracy error of approximately ⁇ 2.0°C may occur. In this case, when the temperature gradient is equal to or less than 4°C, it is difficult to determine whether the calculated temperature gradient is a value generated from the refrigerant composition or a value generated by a sensor error.
  • the temperature gradient is calculated using the temperature measurement values measured by the inlet-side temperature measurement unit which is provided at the effective length of 0% to 40% and the outlet-side temperature measurement unit which is provided at the effective length of 90% to 100%, and thus, it is possible to secure the temperature gradient of 4°C or more, and it is possible to use the inexpensive temperature sensor.
  • the temperature gradient calculation unit may calculate, as the temperature gradient, a difference between a temperature measurement value measured by the inlet-side temperature measurement unit closest to the start position and a lowest temperature measurement value of temperature measurement values measured by other temperature measurement units.
  • the difference between the highest temperature measurement value measured by the inlet-side temperature measurement unit and the lowest temperature measurement value of temperature measurement values measured by other temperature measurement units is calculated as the temperature gradient, and thus, it is possible to detect the abnormality using the maximum temperature gradient which can be calculated. Therefore, it is possible to decrease influences generated by the sensor error, and it is possible to the temperature gradient corresponding to the composition ratio.
  • a refrigeration device using a nonaze otropic mixed refrigerant having the composition abnormali ty detection device there is provided a refrigeration device using a nonaze otropic mixed refrigerant having the composition abnormali ty detection device.
  • a composition abnormality detection method which is applied to a refrigerant circuit using a nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant obtained by mixing a plurality kinds of refrigerants having different boiling points, the method including: a step of measuring a temperature at a plurality of temperature measurement positions provided from a refrigerant inlet to a refrigerant outlet of a condenser; a step of calculating a temperature gradient in the condenser using temperature measurement values at a plurality of measurement positions of the condenser; a step of measuring an inlet-side pressure of the condenser; a step of calculating a reference value of the temperature gradient from the inlet-side pressure of the condenser; and a step of determining an abnormality in a case where a difference between the calculated temperature gradient and the reference value of the temperature gradient is outside a preset temperature range.
  • a composition abnormality detection device which includes a condenser, an evaporator, a receiver which is provided between the condenser and the evaporator, and a decompression unit which is provided between the receiver and the evaporator, and is applied to a refrigerant circuit using a nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant obtained by mixing a plurality kinds of refrigerants having different boiling points, the device including: a first temperature measurement unit which measures a temperature of a refrigerant flowing through a portion between the condenser and the receiver; a second temperature measurement unit which measures a temperature of a refrigerant decompressed by the decompression unit; a pressure measurement unit which measures a pressure of the refrigerant decompressed by the decompression unit; a first enthalpy calculation unit which calculates a first enthalpy of a cooling region from a first temperature measured by the first temperature measurement unit; a first change amount calculation unit which
  • composition abnormality detection device and a composition abnormality detection method according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic refrigerant circuit of a refrigeration device having the composition abnormality detection device according to the present embodiment.
  • This refrigeration device 1 includes a compressor 2, a four-way switching valve (flow path switching unit) 4 which switches a refrigerant circulation direction, an outdoor heat exchanger 6 in which a blower 5 is provided, an electronic expansion valve 7 for heating, a receiver 8, an electronic expansion valve 9 for cooling, an indoor heat exchanger 11 in which a blower 10 is provided, and a closed cycle refrigerant circuit which sequentially connects an accumulator 12 provided in a suction pipe of the compressor 2 to a refrigerant pipe.
  • a four-way switching valve (flow path switching unit) 4 which switches a refrigerant circulation direction
  • an outdoor heat exchanger 6 in which a blower 5 is provided
  • an electronic expansion valve 7 for heating
  • a receiver 8 an electronic expansion valve 9 for cooling
  • an indoor heat exchanger 11 in which a blower 10 is provided
  • the refrigerant circulation direction is switched by the four-way switching valve 4, and thus, a heat pump cycle in which cooling and heating can be performed is realized.
  • the refrigeration device 1 may be configured of a single cycle having a cooling pump or a heat pump.
  • a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas discharged from the compressor 2 is circulated to the outdoor heat exchanger 6 side by the four-way switching valve 4, the outdoor heat exchanger 6 functions as a condenser, the indoor heat exchanger 11 functions as an evaporator, and thus, a cooling operation is performed.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant gas is circulated to the indoor heat exchanger 11 side by the four-way switching valve 4, the indoor heat exchanger 11 functions as the condenser, the outdoor heat exchanger 6 functions as the evaporator, and thus, a heating operation can be performed.
  • a nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant is enclosed in the refrigeration device 1.
  • nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant there is a refrigerant obtained by mixing CO 2 (carbon dioxide), R32 (HFC32), R1234ze (HFO1234ze) with each other at a predetermined ratio.
  • a supercooler 13 for further supercooling a refrigerant flowing out from the outdoor heat exchanger 6 during the cooling operation is provided on a downstream side of the outdoor heat exchanger 6. In this way, the supercooler 13 is provided, it is possible to reliably condense a refrigerant having a low boiling point, and it is possible to improve a refrigeration capacity.
  • a supercooler (not shown) for further supercooling a refrigerant flowing out from the indoor heat exchanger 11 during the heating operation is provided on a downstream side of the indoor heat exchanger 11.
  • a pressure sensor (pressure measurement unit) 30a is provided on a refrigerant flow inlet side at the time of the cooling operation.
  • a plurality of temperature sensors (temperature measurement unit) 31a to 34a are provided in the outdoor heat exchanger 6.
  • a case where four temperature sensors are provided is exemplified.
  • the number of temperature sensors are not limited to this example.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the outdoor heat exchanger 6.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 6 is a shell and tube type heat exchanger and is configured such that the refrigerant flows through a plurality of heat transfer pipes (refrigerant pipes) 40a to 40n provided inside a main body of the outdoor heat exchanger 6.
  • the refrigerant flows from a refrigerant inlet 21a into the main body, the refrigerant is heat-exchanged with cooling water flowing through the main body in a process in which the refrigerant flows through the heat transfer pipes 40a to 40n so as to be condensed, and thus, the refrigerant flows out from a refrigerant outlet 22a as a liquid refrigerant or a gas-liquid mixed refrigerant.
  • a case where the plurality of heat transfer pipes 40a to 40n are provided between the refrigerant inlet 21a to the refrigerant outlet 22a is exemplified.
  • the number of the installed heat transfer pipes is not particularly limited. For example, only one heat transfer pipe 40a may be provided.
  • the temperature sensors 31a to 34a are provided in at least one heat transfer pipe 40a out of the plurality of heat transfer pipes 40a to 40n.
  • an effective length of a refrigerant pipe from the refrigerant inlet 21a to the refrigerant outlet 22a is defined as 100%
  • a start position of the effective length is defined as 0%
  • an end position of the effective length is defined as 100%
  • the temperature sensor 31a is provided at a position of approximately 0%
  • the temperature sensor 32a is provided at a position of approximately 10%
  • the temperature sensor 33a is provided at a position of approximately 20%
  • the temperature sensor 34a is provided at a position of approximately 90%.
  • the installation positions of the temperature sensors 31a to 34a are not particularly limited to this example. However, for example, preferably, at least one temperature sensor (inlet-side temperature measurement unit) is provided at the effective length of 0% to 40%, and at least one temperature sensor (outlet-side temperature measurement unit) is provided at the effective length of 90% to 100%. According to this disposition, it is possible to secure a temperature gradient of 5°C or more.
  • An inexpensive temperature sensor may include a measurement error of approximately 4°C. In a case where the inexpensive temperature sensor is used, when an actual temperature gradient is approximately 4°C, it is difficult to accurately calculate the temperature gradient from a value measured by the temperature sensor. However, each temperature sensor is disposed at the position at which the temperature gradient of at least 4°C or more is obtained, and thus, it is possible to use the inexpensive temperature sensor.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of the indoor heat exchanger 11.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 11 according to the present embodiment is a shell and tube type heat exchanger and is configured such that a refrigerant flows through a plurality of heat transfer pipes (refrigerant pipes) 41a to 41n provided inside a main body of the indoor heat exchanger 11.
  • the refrigerant flows from a refrigerant inlet 21b into the main body, the refrigerant is heat-exchanged with cooling water or air flowing through the main body in a process in which the refrigerant flows through the heat transfer pipes 41a to 41n so as to be condensed, and thus, the refrigerant flows out from a refrigerant outlet 22b as a liquid refrigerant or a gas-liquid mixed refrigerant.
  • a case where the plurality of heat transfer pipes 41a to 41n are provided between the refrigerant inlet 21b to the refrigerant outlet 22b is exemplified.
  • the number of the installed heat transfer pipes is not particularly limited. For example, only one heat transfer pipe 41a may be provided.
  • the temperature sensors 31b to 34b are provided in at least one heat transfer pipe 41a out of the plurality of heat transfer pipes 41a to 41n.
  • an effective length of a refrigerant pipe from the refrigerant inlet 21b to the refrigerant outlet 22b is defined as 100%
  • a start position of the effective length is defined as 0%
  • an end position of the effective length is defined as 100%
  • the temperature sensor 31b is provided at a position of approximately 0%
  • the temperature sensor 32b is provided at a position of approximately 10%
  • the temperature sensor 33b is provided at a position of approximately 20%
  • the temperature sensor 34b is provided at a position of approximately 90%.
  • the installation positions of the temperature sensors 31b to 34b are not particularly limited to this example. However, for example, preferably, at least one temperature sensor (inlet-side temperature measurement unit) is provided at the effective length of 0% to 40%, and at least one temperature sensor (outlet-side temperature measurement unit) is provided at the effective length of 90% to 100%. According to this disposition, it is possible to secure a temperature gradient of 5°C or more.
  • An inexpensive temperature sensor may include the measurement error of approximately 4°C. In a case where the inexpensive temperature sensor is used, when an actual temperature gradient is approximately 4°C, it is difficult to accurately calculate the temperature gradient from a value measured by the temperature sensor. However, each temperature sensor is disposed at the position at which the temperature gradient of at least 4°C or more is obtained, and thus, it is possible to use the inexpensive temperature sensor.
  • Pressure measurement values measured by the pressure sensors 30a and 30b and temperature measurement values measured by the temperature sensors 31a to 34a and 30b to 34b are output to a controller 50 (refer to Fig. 4 ).
  • the controller 50 controls all operations of the refrigeration device 1, and for example, as shown in Fig. 4 , includes a compressor control unit (not shown) which controls an operating frequency of a compressor, an expansion valve control unit (not shown) which controls an opening degree of an expansion valve, a blower control unit (not shown) which controls a rotation speed of a blower, or the like in addition to a composition abnormality detection unit (composition abnormality detection device) 60.
  • the controller 50 includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU) (not shown), a Random Access Memory (RAM) (not shown), a computer readable recording medium (not shown), or the like.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • a computer readable recording medium not shown
  • a series of processing steps for realizing functions of the above-described portions are recorded in a recording medium or the like in the form of a program, the CPU reads this program using the RAM or the like and executes processing/calculation processing of information, and thus, various functions to be described later are realized.
  • the composition abnormality detection unit 60 detects a change of a composition ratio based on the temperature gradient in a condensation process in the outdoor heat exchanger 6 functioning as the condenser, and at the time of the heating, the composition abnormality detection unit 60 detects the change of the composition ratio based on the temperature gradient in the condensation process in the indoor heat exchanger 11 functioning as the condenser.
  • Fig. 5 is a graph showing an example of a temperature gradient of a nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant obtained by mixing two kinds of refrigerants (for example, R1234ze and R32), a horizontal axis indicates the composition ratio, and a vertical axis indicates the temperature gradient.
  • a nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant obtained by mixing two kinds of refrigerants (for example, R1234ze and R32)
  • a horizontal axis indicates the composition ratio
  • a vertical axis indicates the temperature gradient.
  • a characteristic A indicates the temperature gradient at positions of the effective lengths 0% and 100%
  • a characteristic B indicates the temperature gradient at positions of the effective lengths 10% and 90%
  • a characteristic C indicates the temperature gradient at positions of the effective lengths 20% and 90%
  • a characteristic D indicates the temperature gradient at the positions of the effective lengths 30% and 90%
  • a characteristic E indicates the temperature gradient at positions of the effective lengths 40% and 90%
  • a characteristic F indicates the temperature gradient at positions of the effective lengths 50% and 90%.
  • Fig. 6 is a graph showing an example of a temperature gradient of a nonazeotropic mixed refrigerant obtained by mixing three kinds of refrigerants (for example, R1234ze, R32, and CO 2 ), and each side of a triangle indicates a mixing ratio of each refrigerant.
  • the temperature gradient is changed according to the pressure.
  • a current temperature gradient in the outdoor heat exchanger 6 and a temperature gradient according to a composition ratio when the refrigerant is enclosed under the same pressure condition are compared with each other, and thus, the change of the composition ratio with respect to the time of the enclosure of the refrigerant is determined so as to detect a composition abnormality.
  • the composition abnormality detection unit 60 includes a reference value calculation unit 61, a temperature gradient calculation unit 62, and an abnormality determination unit 63.
  • the reference value calculation unit 61 calculates a reference value of the temperature gradient in the outdoor heat exchanger 6 using the pressure measured by the pressure sensor 30a. Specifically, first, the reference value calculation unit 61 obtains a saturation gas temperature Tsg and a saturation liquid temperature Tsl from the pressure measured by the pressure sensor 30a.
  • the saturation gas temperature Tsg and the saturation liquid temperature Tsl relate to the enclosed refrigerant composition, and may be obtained by holding a conversion expression for converting the pressure to the saturation gas temperature and a conversion expression for converting the pressure to the saturation liquid temperature in advance and by using the conversion expression.
  • a table in which the pressure and the saturation gas temperature are associated with each other and a table in which the pressure and the saturation liquid temperature are associated with each other may be prepared in advance so as to be held.
  • the temperature gradient calculation unit 62 calculates the temperature gradient using the plurality of temperature measurement values measured by the temperature sensors 31a to 34a. For example, the temperature gradient calculation unit 62 extracts a smallest measurement value Min (Th2 to Th4) from measurement values Th2 to Th4 measured by the temperature sensors 32a to 34a and calculates a difference between the extracted measurement value Min (Th2 to Th4) and the measurement value Th1 measured by the temperature sensor 31a, and an absolute value of the difference is set to a temperature gradient ⁇ Tt.
  • the temperature gradient is represented by the following Expression (2).
  • ⁇ ⁇ Tt
  • a calculation method of the temperature gradient is an example, and the temperature gradient may be calculated using the measurement values of two temperature sensors which are set in advance. For example, a difference between the measurement value Th1 of the temperature sensor 31a and the measurement value Th4 of the temperature sensor 34a is calculated, and an absolute value of the difference may be set to the temperature gradient ⁇ Tt.
  • the abnormality determination unit 63 determines an abnormality in a case where a difference between the temperature gradient ⁇ Tt calculated by the temperature gradient calculation unit 62 and the reference value ⁇ Tp of the temperature gradient calculated by the reference value calculation unit 61 is outside a preset temperature range.
  • an alarm unit notifies an error.
  • the notification of the error may be performed by lighting an LED or the like provided in an indoor unit, and in a case where a display unit or the like is provided, an error message or the like may be displayed on the display unit such that the error is notified.
  • a sound or a message notifying an error may be issued from a speaker or the like.
  • the operating frequency of the compressor 2, the opening degree of the electronic expansion valve 9 for the cooling, the rotation speeds of the blowers 5 and 10, or the like may be adjusted based on the results. Accordingly, in a range in which the abnormality is not determined, a control of the refrigeration device 1 corresponding to the circulation composition is performed, and thus, it is possible to suppress a decrease in a refrigeration capacity generated by a change of the circulation composition.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 11 functions as the condenser, and thus, similar processing is performed using temperature measurement values measured by the temperature sensors 31b to 34b provided in the indoor heat exchanger 11 instead of the temperature sensors 31a to 31d and the pressure measurement value measured by the pressure sensor 30b instead of the pressure sensor 30a, and thus, it is possible to detect the change of the composition ratio.
  • composition abnormality detection unit (composition abnormality detection device) 60, the composition abnormality detection method, and the refrigeration device 1 of the present embodiment the current temperature gradient and the reference value which is the theoretical value of the temperature gradient corresponding to the composition ratio when the refrigerant is enclosed are compared with each other under the same pressure condition, in the case where the difference is outside the preset temperature range, the abnormality is determined.
  • the composition abnormality is determined according to the change in the composition ratio, and thus, even in slow leakage or the like in which the composition ratio is gradually changed, it is possible to detect the leakage at a relatively early stage.
  • the temperature sensors 31a to 33a (31b to 33b) are disposed at the effective length of the refrigerant pipe of 0% to 40%, the temperature sensor 34a (34b) is disposed at the effective length of 90% to 100%, the difference between the temperature measurement value measured by the temperature sensor 31a (31b) and the lowest temperature measurement value of the temperature measurement values measured by the temperature sensors 32a to 34a (32b to 34b) is calculated as the temperature gradient, and thus, the temperature gradient of at least 4°C or more can be obtained. Accordingly, even in a case where an inexpensive temperature sensor having an accuracy error of approximately ⁇ 2.0°C is used, it is possible to determine the calculated temperature gradient is a value depending on the refrigerant composition or a value generated by the sensor error.
  • the characteristic of temperature gradient is held in advance, and thus, it is possible to obtain the composition ratio of the refrigerant from the temperature gradient calculated by the temperature gradient calculation unit 62.
  • the pressure sensors 30a and 30b are provided as the pressure sensor used to detect a composition abnormality described later.
  • a pressure sensor for cooling and heating may be installed between the compressor 2 and the four-way switching valve 4.
  • composition abnormality detection device a composition abnormality detection method, and a refrigeration device according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.
  • the same reference numerals are assigned to the same configurations as those of the first embodiment, detail descriptions thereof are omitted, and different matters therebetween are mainly described.
  • Fig. 7 is a diagram showing a schematic refrigerant circuit of a refrigeration device 1' having a composition abnormality detection device according to the present embodiment.
  • the refrigeration device 1' according to the present embodiment includes the refrigerant circuit which is the same as that of the above-described first embodiment.
  • installation locations of the temperature sensor and the pressure sensor and the method for detecting the composition abnormality are different from those of the first embodiment.
  • a pressure sensor (pressure measurement unit) 37 for measuring the pressure of the refrigerant which is decompressed by the cooling electronic expansion valve 9 are provided.
  • the composition abnormality is detected based on measurement values of the temperature sensors 35 and 36 and the pressure sensor 37.
  • an enthalpy (hereinafter, referred to as a "first enthalpy") H(Th1) of the refrigerant flowing out from the outdoor heat exchanger 6 and an enthalpy (hereinafter, referred to as a "second enthalpy”) H(Th2) of the refrigerant which is decompressed by the cooling electronic expansion valve 9 are theoretically coincident with each other as shown in a Mollier diagram of Fig. 9 .
  • the first enthalpy and the second enthalpy are deviated from a theoretical value. Accordingly, it is possible to detect the composition abnormality based on an amount of deviation of the enthalpy.
  • Fig. 8 is a functional block diagram of a controller 50' according to the present embodiment.
  • the controller 50' of the present embodiment includes a composition abnormality detection unit 70.
  • the composition abnormality detection unit 70 includes a first enthalpy calculation unit 71, a first change amount calculation unit 72, a second enthalpy calculation unit 73, a second change amount calculation unit 74 and an abnormality determination unit 75.
  • the first enthalpy calculation unit 71 calculates the enthalpy of a cooling region from a first temperature measured by the temperature sensor 35. For example, the first enthalpy calculation unit 71 stores a Mollier diagram or other similar information which corresponds to the composition ratio of the refrigerant when the refrigerant is enclosed. The first enthalpy calculation unit 71 obtains the enthalpy corresponding to the first temperature from the Mollier diagram or other similar information, which is stored in advance, and sets this enthalpy as the first enthalpy H(Th1)'.
  • the first change amount calculation unit 72 calculates a change amount between a latest first enthalpy H(Th1)' calculated by the first enthalpy calculation unit 71 and the theoretical value of the first enthalpy corresponding to the refrigerant composition ratio when the refrigerant is enclosed, that is, the first enthalpy H(Th1) shown in Fig. 9 , as the first change amount.
  • the second enthalpy calculation unit 73 calculates the enthalpy after the decompression as the second enthalpy H(Th2)' using the second temperature measured by the temperature sensor 36 and the pressure measured by the pressure sensor 37. Specifically, the second enthalpy calculation unit 73 calculates the enthalpy H(Th2)' of the refrigerant decompressed by the cooling electronic expansion valve 9 using the following Expression (4).
  • H Th 2 ′ HG ⁇ x + HL ⁇ 1 ⁇ x
  • HG indicates a saturation gas enthalpy after the decompression
  • HL indicates a saturation liquid enthalpy after the decompression
  • the second change amount calculation unit 74 calculates a change amount between a latest second enthalpy H(Th2)' calculated by the second enthalpy calculation unit 73 and a second enthalpy H(Th2) corresponding to the refrigerant composition ratio when the refrigerant is enclosed, as the second change amount.
  • the theoretical value H(Th2) of the second enthalpy is the same as the theoretical value H(Th1) of the first enthalpy.
  • the abnormality determination unit 75 determines the abnormality in a case where the first change amount calculated by the first change amount calculation unit 72 or the second change amount calculated by the second change amount calculation unit 74 is equal to or more than a predetermined threshold value which is set in advance.
  • composition abnormality detection unit (composition abnormality detection device) 70 the composition abnormality detection method, and the refrigeration device 1' according to the present embodiment described above
  • the present invention is not limited to the inventions related to the embodiments, and may be appropriately modified within a scope which does not depart from the gist.
  • the pressure sensors 30a, 30b, and 37 and the temperature sensors 31a to 34a, 31b to 34b, and 36 are provided.
  • the existing sensors provided so as to control the operation of the refrigerant circuit can be used as the sensor, it is not necessary to install a new sensor as long as various calculations are performed using the measurement values of the sensors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
EP18757070.0A 2017-02-27 2018-02-21 Vorrichtung zur erkennung von anomalien bei einer zusammensetzung und verfahren zur erkennung von anomalien bei einer zusammensetzung Withdrawn EP3502593A4 (de)

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JP2017034942A JP2018141574A (ja) 2017-02-27 2017-02-27 組成異常検知装置及び組成異常検知方法
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TWI753417B (zh) * 2020-04-30 2022-01-21 得意節能科技股份有限公司 冷卻系統的監控方法及其監控裝置

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DE69526979T2 (de) * 1994-07-21 2003-02-06 Mitsubishi Denki K.K., Tokio/Tokyo Klimagerät mit nichtazeotropischem Kältemittel und Steuerungsinformations-Erfassungsgerät
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