EP3496919B1 - Moule de fabrication d'une tuile de toit - Google Patents

Moule de fabrication d'une tuile de toit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3496919B1
EP3496919B1 EP17748754.3A EP17748754A EP3496919B1 EP 3496919 B1 EP3496919 B1 EP 3496919B1 EP 17748754 A EP17748754 A EP 17748754A EP 3496919 B1 EP3496919 B1 EP 3496919B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
roof tile
pressure element
mould
mold
Prior art date
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Application number
EP17748754.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3496919A1 (fr
Inventor
Frank Winter
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Bmi Deutschland GmbH
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Bmi Deutschland GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Bmi Deutschland GmbH filed Critical Bmi Deutschland GmbH
Priority to HRP20231242TT priority Critical patent/HRP20231242T1/hr
Priority to RS20230910A priority patent/RS64667B1/sr
Priority to EP23174764.3A priority patent/EP4234191A3/fr
Publication of EP3496919A1 publication Critical patent/EP3496919A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3496919B1 publication Critical patent/EP3496919B1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/003—Pressing by means acting upon the material via flexible mould wall parts, e.g. by means of inflatable cores, isostatic presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/02—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form
    • B28B3/024—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein a ram exerts pressure on the material in a moulding space; Ram heads of special form the pressure on the material being transmitted through flexible or resilient wall parts, e.g. flexible cushions on the ramming surface, resilient wall parts pressing as a result of deformation caused by ram pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/02—Dies; Inserts therefor; Mounting thereof; Moulds
    • B30B15/022—Moulds for compacting material in powder, granular of pasta form
    • B30B15/024—Moulds for compacting material in powder, granular of pasta form using elastic mould parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a press mold for producing a roof tile.
  • Roof tiles are usually manufactured using the wet pressing method.
  • clay and loam are mined in the pit, then mixed, processed and stored in the swamp house ready for production.
  • an endless strand of clay is first extruded through an extruder, which is then cut into so-called chunks.
  • a turret press in which plaster molds are inserted for shaping the upper and lower side of the roof tile, the lump is given a shape that corresponds to the roof tile.
  • the roof tile already has a so-called green strength, which allows the green roof tile to be removed from the plaster mold and stacked on drying frames and thus dried.
  • the green roof tile is dried over a period of 24 to 60 hours at a temperature preferably between 80°C and 120°C.
  • the roof tiles are first separated for the surface coating, then placed on firing cassettes and then stacked in the tunnel kiln cars together with the firing cassettes. The burning process takes place in the tunnel kiln over a period of 24 to 36 hours at a temperature between 980°C and 1100°C. The fired roof tiles are then unloaded from the tunnel kiln car, separated from the firing cassettes and fed to the packaging.
  • Water is added to the clay mixture several times in order to comminute and homogenize the components of the clay and loam during the raw material processing and to later obtain a clay mixture that can be plastically formed for the extrusion process.
  • the clay stored in the swamp house has a moisture content of approx. 15% to 18%, which is increased to 18% to 20% by adding more water just before the extrusion press.
  • the molds are made of gypsum and equipped with drainage pipes so that water is drawn out of the clay due to the hygroscopic properties of the gypsum.
  • the service life of the plaster molds is short, so that the plaster molds of the turret press have to be replaced frequently, which leads to production interruptions.
  • the separate manufacture of the plaster molds is also labor-intensive and expensive.
  • the roof tile still has a high moisture content of around 18% after pressing.
  • the water still contained in the clay must be extracted from the green roof tile during drying in order to achieve a moisture content of less than 2% that is permissible for the firing process. Due to the strong deprivation of water, there is high shrinkage and thus drying defects and deformations in the roof tiles.
  • the drying of the roof tiles is also associated with high investment costs, since the acquisition costs of a dryer and the space required for such a system are very high. Furthermore, the loading of the dryer is associated with a high handling effort. During operation, the dryer causes considerable energy costs due to the long drying times and the high drying temperatures.
  • the DE 195 26 849 A1 proposes to manufacture roof tiles using the dry pressing method. It will be off
  • the clay coming from the pit is fed to an interim storage facility via feeders, pan mills, rolling mills and mixers.
  • a granulate is then produced from this processed, broken down, earth-moist clay by first extruding thin strands of clay, which after exiting the extruder are cut into small shaped bodies and covered with dry clay dust, resulting in moist clay granules with an enormously large surface. which dries quickly. In this way, a pre-dried, free-flowing but still plastically deformable granulate is produced, which is pressed in a press to form a green roof tile.
  • the green roof tiles Due to the drying of the granules, the green roof tiles have very little residual moisture, so that steel molds can be used instead of plaster molds with a short service life. In addition, no or only a very short drying of the green roof tiles is required before the firing process. Since the water has already been removed before the pressing process, the main shrinkage takes place in the granules and not, as is usual with wet pressing, during the drying of the green roof tiles. As a result, there are no longer any drying errors that can become noticeable when the roof tiles are fired due to warping.
  • roof tiles In order to fulfill their function on the roof, roof tiles usually have projections, such as head and side seams, lugs for hanging the roof tile on the roof battens, stiffening ribs or stacking points.
  • projections such as head and side seams, lugs for hanging the roof tile on the roof battens, stiffening ribs or stacking points.
  • the depth of the steel mold in the area of the protrusions must be significantly greater than in other areas.
  • these indentations in the mold are filled with clay material, for example clay granules, when the mold is filled, they are compressed to a lesser extent during the pressing process.
  • the roof tiles in the area of the projections have a lower green strength and increased porosity, so that when demoulding and later due to freeze-thaw interactions, cracks can often form or the projection can break off.
  • JP H06 122112 A discloses a mold for making a clay roof tile according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a pressing mold and a method for producing a roof tile using the dry pressing method, which enable more uniform compaction of the clay material and thus improve the strength and resistance of the roof tile to external influences.
  • a pressing mold for producing a clay roof tile has a first mold half and a second mold half, the mold halves between a pressing position in which the mold halves essentially delimit a receiving space that maps the shape of the finished roof tile, wherein the surface of the first and second mold halves each depicts a surface of the roof tile and a filling position, in which the mold halves are spaced apart from one another and a plastically deformable clay material can be filled into the first and/or the second mold half, are movable relative to one another, are provided, that the first and/or the second mold half has at least one indentation, which forms a projection of the finished roof tile, with a first pressure element being provided in and/or on the indentation, which is between a starting position in which the first pressure element relative to the shape of the finished roof tile is set back, and a compression position, in which the first pressure element partially images the surface of the mold of the roof tile, is designed to be movable. At least one first pressure element is provided on opposite
  • the first pressure element can be moved into the compacting position after the mold has been closed or the mold halves have been moved into the pressing position.
  • the clay material is recompacted by the first pressure element in the areas in which the displacement of the mold halves does not result in sufficient compaction, for example in depressions that depict ribs or projections of the finished roof tile.
  • the strength of the roof tile can be increased in these areas, so that the roof tile has greater strength and resistance to external influences.
  • the pressure element presses into the surface of the roof tile, as a result of which the surface of the roof tile is provided with an embossing in the post-compacted areas.
  • the embossing gives the roof tile a characteristic appearance and is retained after the firing process.
  • different embossed patterns are created on the surface of the roof tile.
  • the first pressure element can be moved back into the starting position, as a result of which the pressed roof tile can be detached from the respective mold half in the area of the depressions and demolding is simplified.
  • the risk of damage to the pressed roof tile when it is removed from the press mold due to the roof tile adhering to one half of the mold can thus be reduced.
  • the first pressure elements can be arranged mirror-inverted with respect to a plane of symmetry of the depression, so that the projection is compressed on both sides.
  • the oppositely coupled pressure elements can thus ensure that the projection is compressed to the same extent on both sides.
  • the first pressure element can be provided, for example, at the base of the recess, ie in the transition from the recess to the surface of the mold half.
  • At least one second pressure element can be provided on the surface of the first and/or the second mold half, which can be positioned between an initial position, in which the pressure element projects or is set back with respect to the shape of the finished roof tile, and a compacting position, in which the pressure element sections the surface depicts the shape of the roof tile, is designed to be movable.
  • This second pressure element for example, enables the clay material to be recompacted outside of the depressions.
  • the second pressure element can be coupled to a first pressure element provided in the recess, the coupling being designed such that when the second pressure element moves from a protruding position to the compacting position, the corresponding first pressure element is urged from the retracted position to the compacting position.
  • the second pressure element can be used as a control element.
  • the first and the second pressure element are preferably mechanically coupled, so that the pressure acting on the second pressure element moves the first pressure element into the compression position.
  • the coupling of the first and second pressure elements enables easier control of the movement of the first and second pressure elements between the respective home position and the respective compaction position.
  • pressure is exerted on the second pressure element by the clay material, as a result of which the second pressure element is moved into the compacting position.
  • the movement of the second pressure element into the compression position also moves the first pressure element, which is coupled to the second pressure element, into the compression position, so that no separate activation is required for the first pressure element.
  • the roof tile can be easily removed from the mold.
  • the second pressure element protrudes beyond the mold of the finished roof tile and is moved into the compacting position by the pressure increasing when the mold halves are moved into the pressing position.
  • the coupling of the first and the second pressure element moves the first pressure element into the compression position.
  • the first pressure element which is coupled to the second pressure element, is simultaneously moved back into the starting position which is set back with respect to the shape of the roof tile, as a result of which the roof tile can also detach from the respective mold half in the area of the depression. All in all, the roof tile then does not adhere, or only slightly, to the respective mold half, so that the risk of damage when the roof tile is removed can be reduced.
  • a plurality of first pressure elements and/or a plurality of second pressure elements are preferably provided, the first pressure elements and/or the second pressure elements being coupled to one another and/or to one another.
  • Sufficient compaction of the clay material can be achieved with a pressure element. If several, preferably small-area pressure elements are used, the compaction can be controlled better, or the pressing process can be controlled in such a way that the compaction takes place in a defined area with a defined pressure on the clay material.
  • the first and/or the second pressure element is a pressure pad, which has a variable-volume pressure chamber that can be filled with a pressure medium, particularly an incompressible medium, with a pressure line for supply and/or discharge of the print medium is provided.
  • a pressure pad can be controlled very well via the pressure or the volume of the pressure medium that is filled in.
  • such pressure pads require little maintenance.
  • the use of a plurality of small-area pressure elements has the advantage that better control of the compaction or targeted compaction in defined areas of the surface of the roof tile is possible.
  • the wear on the pressure pads can be reduced since the pressure pads can be dimensioned and arranged in such a way that the pressure pads have no or only a few bending points.
  • the use of the pressure pads also enables a simple coupling of first and/or second pressure pads.
  • the pressure lines of at least one first and/or at least one second pressure pad are connected to one another.
  • the pressure pads can be connected to one another by the pressure lines according to the principle of communicating tubes. This results in pressure equalization between the individual pressure pads, so that the pressure pads have approximately the same pressure, which means that the compression in the area of the different pads takes place with the same pressure.
  • the pressure pads form a closed system in which the pressure medium is introduced with a slight excess pressure of approximately 5 Pa to 7 Pa. If a higher pressure is exerted on a pressure pad, the pressure is equalized within the closed system, as a result of which the pressure pad is pressed in, for example, and another pressure pad, on which a lower pressure acts, is lifted.
  • a first pressure element designed as a pressure pad is coupled to a second pressure pad designed as a pressure pad. Since the second pressure element is arranged on the surface of the mold half, a high pressure is exerted on it when the mold is closed, so that this pressure pad is slightly depressed until it is in the compacting position. A lower pressure acts on the first pressure element because it is arranged in the depression. Due to the coupling with the first pressure pad, the pressure medium flows into the first pressure pad, so that it is lifted and also moved into the compression position. With a closed system, compaction of the clay material in the depressions is therefore possible without additional control for the pressure elements.
  • a further advantage of such a coupling of first and second pressure elements designed as pressure pads lies in the simple removal of the roof tile from the mold. If, after the pressing process, the pressure is reduced by moving the mold halves apart, the pressure on the second pressure elements decreases. The pressure medium flows out of the first printing elements back into the second printing elements. The first pressure elements move back into the filling position, as a result of which the pressed roof tile can be detached from the respective mold half in the area of the depressions. The pressure medium flowing into the second pressure elements causes the second pressure elements to bulge, so that the roof tile is lifted and released from the surface of the mold half.
  • the surface of the first and/or the second mold half can have a flexible coating.
  • the pressure element can in particular be arranged under the coating and/or be formed by the coating at least in sections.
  • the coating can be formed by a membrane or a foil and have a surface that prevents or at least reduces adhesion of the clay material, so that the removal of the pressed roof tile from the mold is facilitated.
  • a surface of the roof tile without steps or steps can be produced by the membrane. It is also possible for a membrane or a coating to be provided only on the mold half that has pressure elements.
  • the mold halves can have a base body made of metal, in particular tool steel.
  • a guide is provided for the first and/or the second mold half, the guide together with the mold halves completely delimiting the receiving space in the filling position and in the pressing position.
  • the clay material can be prevented from escaping from the receiving space during and after the filling process.
  • the clay material can be introduced into the compression mold with excess pressure, so that pre-compression can take place as soon as the clay material is filled in.
  • the mold can have ventilation openings.
  • the vent openings are provided between the mold halves and the guide.
  • a filling device can optionally be provided for introducing a clay material, in particular a pre-dried clay material, with the filling device having an overpressure injection device.
  • the first pressure element is preferably moved into the starting position.
  • the mold halves are then moved to the filling position and the roof tile is removed from the mold.
  • a guide is preferably provided for the first and/or the second mold half, the guide together with the mold halves opening up the receiving space in the filling position and in the Press position fully limited.
  • the guide may include multiple guide members and may be moved to a demolding position prior to moving the mold halves to the fill position.
  • clay exhibits a relatively high degree of resilience of the pressed clay material. The rebound is about 0.7 - 1.0%. If the press mold for removing the pressed roof tile is opened within the guide laterally delimiting the receiving space, the pressed roof tile expands and jams within the guide, as a result of which the pressed roof tile can be damaged or is more difficult to remove from the press mold. In order to avoid such problems, the guide is moved laterally, i.e.
  • At least one second pressure element can be provided on the surface of the first and/or the second mold half, which can be positioned between a starting position, in which the second pressure element projects or is set back with respect to the shape of the finished roof tile, and a compacting position, in which the second pressure element is sectioned depicts the surface of the mold of the roof tile, is designed to be movable, the second pressure element being moved during or after the movement of the mold halves into the pressing position into the compacting position or back into the starting position after the end of the pressing process.
  • the second pressure element is preferably coupled to a first pressure element provided in the recess.
  • the first pressing member is urged from the receding position to the compressing position by the movement of the second pressing member from the protruding position to the compressing position.
  • the first and/or the second pressure element can be a pressure pad that has a variable-volume pressure chamber that can be filled with a pressure medium, in particular an incompressible one, with a pressure line being provided for supplying and/or discharging the pressure medium, with the pressure elements being moved by inflow or The pressure medium flows out into the pressure chamber.
  • the mold can have a filling device for introducing an in particular pre-dried clay material, the filling device having an overpressure injection device and the filling device injects the clay material into the receiving space with excess pressure, the clay material being precompacted.
  • the mold halves can be moved to a venting position between the filling position and the pressing position, in which air contained in the receiving space escapes from the receiving space.
  • the clay material is preferably injected in a direction substantially parallel to the surface of the first and/or the second mold half.
  • the clay coming from the heap is first processed into granules, which then dry. The clay coming from the heap is dried without any further treatment by applying heat, so that it can then be ground into a clay material of broken grain.
  • the resulting broken-grain clay material has better mold-filling ability compared to build-up or spray granules.
  • Large gaps remain between the individual curds, which are only reduced during the pressing process when the curds are pushed into one another.
  • the broken grain forms fewer gaps between the individual broken grains, which are reduced during the pressing process by the broken grains being pushed into one another. If you compare it with a manufactured roof tile and a roof tile made from built-up or spray granules, the structure under the electron microscope, then it becomes visible that the broken grain after compaction has fewer but larger pores than with built-up or spray granules.. In addition, the Structure. Due to the more angular surface structure of the broken grain, the grains also get caught or wedged during the pressing process, which leads to increased green strength and better sintering of the roof tile.
  • FIG. 1 shows a view of the underside 14 of the roof tile
  • figure 2 shows a sectional view along the AA axis figure 1
  • the roof tile 10 has an upper side 12 and an underside 14, with the upper side 12 forming the visible side of the roof tile 10 in the embodiment shown here.
  • a plurality of projections 16 are formed on the upper side 12 of the roof tile 10 .
  • On the bottom 14 a plurality of projections 18 are formed.
  • the projections 18 form, for example, head or side seams, lugs for hanging the roof tile on the battens, stiffening ribs or stacking points. Depending on the type of projections, these can extend in sections over the underside 14 of the roof tile (see also figure 1 ).
  • the tile 10 is in the Figures 3 and 4 Press mold 20 shown produced.
  • a dry pressing method is used, using a pre-dried clay material, for example pre-dried clay granules or pre-dried crushed grain, as explained below.
  • the mold 20 has a first, upper mold half 22 and a lower, second mold half 24.
  • the first mold half 22 forms the upper side 12 of the roof tile 10 substantially.
  • the second mold half 24 essentially forms the underside 14 of the roof tile 10 .
  • a guide 26 is provided with a plurality of guide elements 28 which, together with the mold halves 22, 24, completely enclose a receiving space 30. Only ventilation openings 32 are provided between the mold halves 22, 24 and the guide 26, through which air can escape from the receiving space 30 before and during the pressing process.
  • a plurality of depressions 36 are provided on the surface 34 of the first mold half 22 , which depict the projections 16 on the upper side 12 of the roof tile 10 .
  • a plurality of indentations 40 are provided on the surface 38 of the second mold half 24 which, as explained below, reproduce the projections 18 of the roof tile 10 in the pressing position of the pressing mold 20 .
  • Figure 1 shows the mold 20 in a filling position in which the mold halves 22, 24 are spaced apart and a clay material can be filled into the receiving space.
  • a filling device 42 is provided for filling the compression mold 20, which can inject the clay material into the receiving space 30 by means of compressed air with excess pressure. The injection takes place in an injection direction E essentially parallel to the surface 34, 38 of the first and second mold halves 22, 24.
  • the mold halves 22, 24 in a pressing direction P towards each other in the figure 3 Pressing position shown are moved, in which the receiving space 30 reflects the shape of the roof tile 10 substantially.
  • One of the mold halves 22, 24 can be fixed in place, so that only the other mold half 24, 22 is moved. It is but it is also possible that both mold halves 22, 24 can be moved and are moved towards one another during the pressing process of the roof tile 10.
  • the guide elements 28 can be moved in a removal direction R running essentially perpendicularly to the pressing direction P into a removal position in which the guide elements 28 are spaced apart from the mold halves 22 , 24 .
  • the mold halves 22, 24 each have a base body 44, 46 made of steel, preferably tool steel. Furthermore, the surfaces 34, 38 each have a coating 48, 50, which is formed from a PU layer in the embodiment shown here. The coating 48, 50 reduces the adhesion of the filled-in clay material to the surfaces 34, 38 of the mold halves 22, 24.
  • a first pressure element 52 is provided on or in the depression 40, which is formed by a pressure cushion which has a pressure chamber 58 filled with an incompressible pressure medium 56.
  • the first pressure element 52 has a pressure line 60 through which the pressure medium 56, for example oil, can flow into the pressure chamber 58 or flow out of it.
  • the first pressure element 52 is provided at the base of the depressions 40, ie at the transition to the first mold half 22 facing surface 38 of the second mold half 24.
  • a second pressure element 62 is provided on the surface 38 of the second mold half 24 , the structure of which essentially corresponds to the structure of the first pressure element 52 .
  • the second pressure element 62 has a pressure chamber 64 and a pressure line 66 which are filled with the pressure medium 56 .
  • the pressure line 66 of the second pressure element 62 is connected to the pressure line 58 of the first pressure element 52, so that the pressure medium 56 can flow between the first and the second pressure element 52, 62. Furthermore, the pressure lines 60, 66 are connected to a pressure generating device 68, which can provide the pressure medium 56 and/or set the pressure in the pressure lines 60, 66 or the pressure elements 52, 62.
  • the pressure medium 56 preferably has an overpressure of approximately 5 Pa to 7 Pa.
  • the pressure elements 52, 62 are each formed by a recess 70, 72 in the base body 46 of the second mold half 24 and the coating 50 designed as a membrane.
  • the second pressure element 62 is arched in a starting position in the direction of the receiving space 30, ie projects beyond the shape of the finished roof tile 10 (see dashed line).
  • the first pressure element 52 is set back in a starting position with respect to the shape of the finished roof tile 10 .
  • the first and the second pressure element 52, 62 are coupled to one another by the pressure lines 60, 66 in such a way that the first pressure element 52, by moving the second pressure element 62 into a compaction position, in which the second pressure element 62 reproduces the shape of the finished roof tile in sections, is moved outwardly by the pressure medium 56 flowing out of the second pressure element 62 and into the first pressure element 52 to a compacting position in which the first pressure element 52 also images a portion of the shape of the roof tile 10 (Ref figure 4 ).
  • a pre-dried clay material 78 preferably made of pre-dried, crushed clay, is injected under pressure into the mold 20 using the filling device 42.
  • the mold halves 22, 24 are each in the filling position ( Figure 5a ).
  • the mold halves are moved in the pressing direction P into the pressing position in which the mold 20 forms the shape of the finished roof tile 10 ( Figure 5b ).
  • Air contained in the receiving space 30 can escape through the ventilation openings 32 during the movement of the mold halves 22 , 24 .
  • a ventilation position can be provided between the filling position and the pressing position in order to ensure that the air can completely escape from the receiving space 30 .
  • the pressure medium 56 flows out of the second pressure element 62 and via the pressure lines 60, 66 into the first pressure element 52.
  • the pressure generated by the displacement of the mold halves 22, 24 is lower in the depressions 40, so that the clay material 78 is less condensed and on the first pressure element 52 a lower pressure is exerted.
  • the first pressure element 52 can expand and move into the compacting position, in which the first pressure element 52 partially reproduces the shape of the finished roof tile 10 .
  • the guide elements 28 are first moved into the removal position ( Figure 5d ).
  • the clay material used in the dry pressing process has a relatively high degree of recovery, which also acts perpendicular to the pressing direction P.
  • the tile 10 can expand parallel to the surfaces 34, 38 of the mold halves 22, 24 so that the pressed tile 10 could jam on the guide 26 .
  • the roof tile 10 can expand unhindered.
  • the mold halves 22, 24 are then moved counter to the pressing direction P into the filling position.
  • the pressure on the clay material 78 and thus on the second pressure element 62 is reduced.
  • the pressure medium 56 can flow at least partially from the first pressure element 52 back into the second pressure element 62 ( Figure 5e ).
  • the first pressure element 52 is moved back to the starting position in which the first pressure element 52 is set back with respect to the shape of the pressed roof tile 10, as a result of which the roof tile 10 can be detached from the second mold half 22 in the region of the recess 40. Furthermore, the roof tile 10 is additionally lifted by the bulging second pressure element 62 and is thus also released from the surface 38 of the second mold half 24. The roof tile 10 is therefore released from the surface 38 of the second mold half 24 when the press mold 20 is opened, so that a simple removal of the roof tile 10 from the mold 20 is possible.
  • the first pressure element 52 additionally compresses the clay material 78 in the area of the depressions 40, so that the roof tile 10 has a high level of stability.
  • the second pressure element 62 can additionally apply a structure or an embossing to the underside 14 of the roof tile 10 .
  • Fig. 1a the embossed pattern on the underside 14 of the roof tile 10 is shown in perspective.
  • First and second pressure elements 52, 62 were used for post-compaction, with the first pressure elements 52 being arranged in the depressions 40 of the mold half 24 in such a way that they can post-compact the surfaces 170 of the roof tile 10 running essentially transversely to the pressing direction P.
  • Such surfaces 170 are located, for example, on the flanks of the stiffening ribs 172 or on transition areas 174 for the interlocking of the roof tile 10.
  • the second pressure elements 52 are arranged in the flat surfaces of the compression mold 20 so that they are perpendicular to the pressing direction P and can post-compact the flat surfaces 176 of the roof tile 10 , for example between the stiffening ribs 170 .
  • each pressure element 52, 62 presses into the surface of the roof tile 10 during compaction, a single embossing 178 is produced on the surface of the roof tile 10 in each post-compacted area.
  • the number, size, shape and arrangement of the pressure elements 52, 62 used can vary depending on the roof tile model.
  • the individual embossings 178 give the roof tile 10 in its entirety a characteristic appearance or embossing pattern that is retained even after the firing process.
  • the top 12 of the roof tile 10 forms the visible side exposed to the weather. Except for depressions or projections 16 required for construction purposes, this is therefore designed as smooth as possible. Since no moving parts or pressure elements are provided on the surface 34 are, this surface 34 can optionally also be formed without a coating 48 in order to obtain an upper side 12 of the roof tile 10 which is as smooth as possible.
  • the pre-dried clay material 78 is produced, for example, in figure 6 System 100 shown schematically, which is part of a production system 200 for a roof tile 10 together with the mold 20 .
  • the system 100 has a loading device 102, for example a box feeder, which supplies the unprocessed clay material coming from a stockpile 104 to the system 100.
  • a crushing device 106 is provided downstream of the charging device 102, which crushes the clay material into chunks of clay of a defined size.
  • the chunks of clay preferably have a maximum size of 60 mm.
  • a dryer 108 Downstream of the crushing device 106 there is a dryer 108 which dries the lumps of clay.
  • the drying preferably takes place in such a way that the clay introduced into the mold 20 has a residual moisture content of approximately 2%-4%.
  • the dryer 108 can be any dryer. Depending on the drying capacity of the dryer 108, larger chunks of clay can also be dried, or pre-crushing can be dispensed with.
  • a mill 110 is provided downstream of the dryer 108, which grinds the pre-dried clay material to a defined size.
  • the mill 110 is, for example, a pendulum mill, a vertical roller mill or an agitator ball mill.
  • a sorting device 112 is provided in the mill 110 or immediately behind the mill 110, in which an undersize whose grain size is below a defined grain size range and an oversize grain whose grain size is above a defined grain size band are sorted out.
  • the grain size band preferably has a grain size between 0.1 mm and 0.6 mm.
  • the broken grain is conveyed from the sorting device 112 into a silo 114, in which the clay material is temporarily stored.
  • the crushed clay material is homogenized as a result of the intermediate storage, so that it has a more uniform structure.
  • the clay material 78 is fed from the silo 114 to the press mold 20 and processed into a roof tile 10 .
  • a glazing and/or engobing device 116 and a kiln 118 are also provided behind the press mold 20 .
  • the moist, untreated clay coming from the heap 104 is pre-crushed in the crushing device 106, with this pre-comminution only serving for a faster and more uniform drying process.
  • the clay chunks are then dried to a defined residual moisture content, which is selected in such a way that the clay material 78 has a residual moisture content of approximately 2%-4% when it is placed in the compression mold 20 . If the clay is immediately processed into roof tiles, it can be dried to a residual moisture content of approx. 2%. If intermediate storage takes place, for example in a silo, during which further drying can take place, the residual moisture is selected so that the clay has a residual moisture content of approx. 2% - 4% after the intermediate storage, i.e. immediately before the roof tile is manufactured.
  • the pre-dried chunks of clay are then crushed in the mill 110, broken grain with a defined grain size range is sorted out and temporarily stored in the silo 114.
  • the undersize may be pelleted or granulated into larger granules and fed into the production cycle before the kiln 108 or before the mill 110.
  • the oversize can be fed directly to the mill 110 again.
  • the broken grain has a more irregular structure, which means that the individual grains can interlock better with one another during the pressing process.
  • the broken grain has a better mold filling capacity. There are fewer but larger pores, so that the compaction behavior is better.
  • first pressure elements 52 and/or a plurality of second pressure elements 62 can be coupled to one another.
  • a plurality of first or second pressure elements 52, 62 can be coupled to a single second or a single first pressure element 62, 52.
  • the pressure chambers 58, 64 of the pressure pads are each connected to one another according to the principle of communicating tubes, so that a pressure equalization takes place, as a result of which the first and second pressure elements 52, 62 are moved into the compacting positions when the mold halves 22, 24 are moved into the pressing position.
  • the pressure in the pressure elements 52, 62 can also be adjusted by the pressure generating device 68, so that, for example, the second pressure elements 62 can also be set back in the starting position with respect to the shape of the pressed roof tile 10 and can be moved into the compaction position by increased pressure.
  • the clay material 78 can also be recompressed in the area of the second pressure elements 62 .
  • first pressure elements 52 are present, which are coupled to a pressure-generating device 68 .

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Moule (20) de pressage pour la fabrication d'une tuile (10) en argile, comprenant une première moitié de moule (22) et une deuxième moitié de moule (24), les moitiés de moule (22, 24) étant mobiles l'une par rapport à l'autre entre une position de pressage dans laquelle les moitiés de moule (22, 24) délimitent sensiblement un espace de réception (30) qui reproduit la forme de la tuile finie (10), la surface (34) de la première moitié de moule (22) et la surface (38) de la deuxième moitié de moule (24) représentant chacune une surface (12, 14) de la tuile (10), et une position de remplissage dans laquelle les moitiés de moule (22, 24) sont espacées l'une de l'autre et un matériau argileux plastiquement déformable (78) peut être versé dans la première et/ou la deuxième moitié de moule (22, (24), le premier demi-moule (22) et/ou le deuxième demi-moule (24) présentant au moins un renfoncement (40) qui reproduit une saillie (18) de la tuile (10) finie, un premier élément de pression (52) étant prévu dans et/ou sur le renfoncement (40), qui est conçu de manière mobile entre une position de départ, dans laquelle le premier élément de pression (52) est en retrait par rapport à la forme de la tuile finie (10), et une position de compactage, dans laquelle le premier élément de pression (52) reproduit en partie la surface (12, 14) de la tuile (10),
    caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un premier élément de pression (52) est prévu sur chacune des surfaces opposées de la cavité (40), les premiers éléments de pression (52) opposés étant couplés entre eux de manière hydraulique ou par l'intermédiaire d'une commande.
  2. Moule de pressage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le premier élément de pression (52) est prévu au pied de la cavité (40).
  3. Moule de pressage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu sur la surface (34, 38) de la première et/ou de la deuxième moitié de moule (22, 24) au moins un deuxième élément de pression (62) qui est réalisé mobile entre une position initiale dans laquelle le deuxième élément de pression (62) est en saillie ou en retrait par rapport à la forme de la tuile finie (10), et une position de compactage dans laquelle le deuxième élément de pression (62) reproduit en section la surface (12, 14) de la tuile (10).
  4. Moule selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième élément de pression (62) est couplé à un premier élément de pression (52) prévu dans la cavité (40), le couplage étant tel que, lors d'un mouvement du deuxième élément de pression (62) d'une position en saillie à la position de compactage, le premier élément de pression (52) couplé est poussé de la position en retrait à la position de compactage.
  5. Moule de compression selon l'une des revendications 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu plusieurs premiers éléments de compression (52) et/ou plusieurs seconds éléments de compression (62), les premiers éléments de compression (52) et/ou les seconds éléments de compression (62) étant couplés entre eux et/ou entre eux.
  6. Moule de compression selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le premier élément de pression (52) et/ou le deuxième élément de pression (62) est un coussin de pression qui présente une chambre de pression (58, 64) à volume variable pouvant être remplie d'un fluide de pression (56), en particulier incompressible, une conduite de pression (60, 66) étant prévue pour l'amenée et/ou l'évacuation du fluide de pression (56).
  7. Moule selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les conduites de pression (60, 66) d'au moins un premier élément de pression (52) et/ou d'au moins un deuxième élément de pression (62) sont reliées entre elles.
  8. Moule selon l'une des revendications 6 et 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif de génération de pression (68) est prévu pour fournir le fluide sous pression (56), au moins une conduite de pression (60, 66) étant raccordée au dispositif de génération de pression (68).
  9. Moule de pressage selon l'une des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la surface (34, 38) de la première et/ou de la deuxième moitié de moule (22, 24) présente un revêtement flexible (48, 50), le premier et/ou le deuxième élément de pression (52, 62) étant notamment disposé sous le revêtement (48, 50) et/ou étant formé au moins en partie par le revêtement (48, 50).
  10. Moule de pressage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les moitiés de moule (22, 24) présentent un corps de base (44, 46) en métal, en particulier en acier à outils.
  11. Moule selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un guide (26) pour la première et/ou la deuxième moitié de moule (22, 24), le guide (26) délimitant entièrement, avec les moitiés de moule (22, 24), l'espace de réception (30) en position de remplissage et en position de pressage.
  12. Moule de pressage selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que le moule de pressage (20) présente des ouvertures d'aération (32).
  13. Moule selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est prévu un dispositif de remplissage (42) pour introduire un matériau argileux (78), en particulier préséché, le dispositif de remplissage (42) présentant un dispositif d'injection à surpression.
EP17748754.3A 2016-08-08 2017-08-03 Moule de fabrication d'une tuile de toit Active EP3496919B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HRP20231242TT HRP20231242T1 (hr) 2016-08-08 2017-08-03 Kalup za pritiskanje za proizvodnju crijepa
RS20230910A RS64667B1 (sr) 2016-08-08 2017-08-03 Kalup za presovanje za proizvodnju crepa
EP23174764.3A EP4234191A3 (fr) 2016-08-08 2017-08-03 Procédé de fabrication d'une tuile de toit

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016114653.6A DE102016114653A1 (de) 2016-08-08 2016-08-08 Pressform und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Dachziegels
PCT/EP2017/069716 WO2018029092A1 (fr) 2016-08-08 2017-08-03 Moule et procédé de fabrication d'une tuile de toit

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23174764.3A Division EP4234191A3 (fr) 2016-08-08 2017-08-03 Procédé de fabrication d'une tuile de toit
EP23174764.3A Division-Into EP4234191A3 (fr) 2016-08-08 2017-08-03 Procédé de fabrication d'une tuile de toit

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3496919A1 EP3496919A1 (fr) 2019-06-19
EP3496919B1 true EP3496919B1 (fr) 2023-07-12

Family

ID=59523131

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17748754.3A Active EP3496919B1 (fr) 2016-08-08 2017-08-03 Moule de fabrication d'une tuile de toit
EP23174764.3A Pending EP4234191A3 (fr) 2016-08-08 2017-08-03 Procédé de fabrication d'une tuile de toit

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23174764.3A Pending EP4234191A3 (fr) 2016-08-08 2017-08-03 Procédé de fabrication d'une tuile de toit

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US11260557B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP3496919B1 (fr)
CL (1) CL2019000313A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102016114653A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3496919T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2960031T3 (fr)
HR (1) HRP20231242T1 (fr)
HU (1) HUE063229T2 (fr)
MX (1) MX2019001605A (fr)
MY (1) MY197832A (fr)
PL (1) PL3496919T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT3496919T (fr)
RS (1) RS64667B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018029092A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1768546A (en) 1926-11-16 1930-07-01 Vitrefrax Corp Process of forming ceramic articles and the like
AT124409B (de) * 1929-10-24 1931-09-10 Henrik Nielsen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ziegeln.
CH311124A (de) 1951-11-29 1955-11-30 Otto & Co Gmbh Dr C Verfahren zur Herstellung keramischer Körper aus Tonen.
US2918715A (en) * 1954-08-24 1959-12-29 Rossi August Apparatus for manufacturing ceramic tiles
BE793429A (fr) * 1971-12-29 1973-06-28 Union Carbide Corp Appareil de formage de matieres thermoplastiques
DE2637231C3 (de) * 1976-08-18 1982-03-04 Dorst-Keramikmaschinen-Bau Otto Dorst U. Dipl.-Ing. Walter Schlegel, 8113 Kochel Vorrichtung zum Pressen keramischen Pulvers zu topfartigen Formkörpern
FR2495604A1 (fr) 1980-12-10 1982-06-11 Auvergne Comptoir Tuilier Procede pour l'obtention de produits ceramiques par pressage a sec
JP2533064B2 (ja) * 1992-08-31 1996-09-11 株式会社志野陶石 引掛用蟻足付タイル片の乾式プレス成形装置及び乾式プレス成形方法
US5443778A (en) * 1993-12-23 1995-08-22 Tempress Incorporated Vent apparatus and method for thermoset injection moulding systems
CH688800A5 (de) 1994-08-11 1998-03-31 Horst Dr Kreikenbaum Verfahren zur Herstellung von grobkeramischen Tonprodukten und durch das Verfahren hergestellte Produkte.
IT1279893B1 (it) * 1995-12-18 1997-12-18 F D S S R L Semistampo per piastrelle ceramiche perfezionato
IT1294944B1 (it) * 1997-08-01 1999-04-23 Sacmi Metodo per formare piastrelle ceramiche di grandi dimensioni mediante stampi parzialmente isostatici, e dispositivo per attuare il metodo.
ITRE20010031U1 (it) * 2001-09-07 2003-03-07 Sacmi Punzone isostatico per stampo per pressatura di prodotti in polvere, in particolare per piastrelle ceramiche.
JP2003320513A (ja) * 2002-05-07 2003-11-11 Miyazono Seisakusho:Kk 瓦の成形方法
DE10326126A1 (de) 2002-12-23 2004-07-15 Rampf Formen Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formsteinen
DE10326106A1 (de) 2003-06-06 2004-12-30 Sig Technology Ltd. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Packungsmänteln für Karton/Kunststoff-Verbundpackungen
DE102007021898B4 (de) * 2007-05-10 2019-05-02 Dorst Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg Pressenanordnung mit einer Pressenform bzw. Pressenform zum Pressen von Pressgut zu einem Artikel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
RS64667B1 (sr) 2023-11-30
EP4234191A3 (fr) 2023-11-15
MX2019001605A (es) 2019-06-06
HUE063229T2 (hu) 2024-01-28
HRP20231242T1 (hr) 2024-02-16
WO2018029092A1 (fr) 2018-02-15
PT3496919T (pt) 2023-10-17
US11260557B2 (en) 2022-03-01
DE102016114653A1 (de) 2018-02-08
US20190160705A1 (en) 2019-05-30
EP4234191A2 (fr) 2023-08-30
ES2960031T3 (es) 2024-02-29
DK3496919T3 (da) 2023-10-16
CL2019000313A1 (es) 2019-05-31
PL3496919T3 (pl) 2024-01-03
EP3496919A1 (fr) 2019-06-19
MY197832A (en) 2023-07-19

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