EP2236670A2 - Pavé poreux et son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Pavé poreux et son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2236670A2
EP2236670A2 EP10155971A EP10155971A EP2236670A2 EP 2236670 A2 EP2236670 A2 EP 2236670A2 EP 10155971 A EP10155971 A EP 10155971A EP 10155971 A EP10155971 A EP 10155971A EP 2236670 A2 EP2236670 A2 EP 2236670A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
paving stone
layer
mouth
permeable paving
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10155971A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2236670A3 (fr
Inventor
Wilfried Blocken
Danny Windmolders
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nv Isola
Windmolders Beton NV
Original Assignee
Nv Isola
Windmolders Beton NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nv Isola, Windmolders Beton NV filed Critical Nv Isola
Publication of EP2236670A2 publication Critical patent/EP2236670A2/fr
Publication of EP2236670A3 publication Critical patent/EP2236670A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/06—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders
    • E01C5/065—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units with cement or like binders characterised by their structure or component materials, e.g. concrete layers of different structure, special additives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/008—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material made from two or more materials having different characteristics or properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/50—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material specially adapted for producing articles of expanded material, e.g. cellular concrete
    • B28B1/503—Moulds therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/16—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes
    • B28B7/162—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes for building blocks or similar block-shaped articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/28—Cores; Mandrels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/224—Surface drainage of streets
    • E01C11/225—Paving specially adapted for through-the-surfacing drainage, e.g. perforated, porous; Preformed paving elements comprising, or adapted to form, passageways for carrying off drainage
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/22—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a water-permeable paving stone with an upper layer of porous concrete, comprising grains and a binder, wherein there are pores between the grains, the pores are interconnected and continuous, and a lower layer of dense concrete, in the vertical, continuous channels are formed, which have an upper mouth and a lower outlet.
  • Such a paving stone is out EP 471978 B1 known. He is essentially cuboid, in particular, he has a flat top and a flat, parallel to the top bottom.
  • the cross section of the channels of the lower layer, seen in a plane parallel to the xy plane, is larger, in particular at least twice as large as the cross section of the pores in a sectional plane parallel thereto through the upper layer.
  • Such water-permeable paving stones should fulfill as far as possible all tasks that also meet normal paving stones, which are made of only one layer of concrete. Reference is made to EN-1338 and EN-1339.
  • the problem of the water-permeable paving stone is that due to the porosity there is less strength. This is disadvantageous. What is desired is a paving stone which, in spite of the water permeability, has a strength which is also met by a normal concrete block, in particular according to the standards specified above.
  • a problem of the water-permeable paving stones occurs in frost, when cavities of the paving stones are still filled with water. As you know, water expands when it freezes. This leads to a bursting and destruction of the stone. Care must therefore be taken to ensure that, in frost-prone installations, no water can accumulate in the stone itself. Water can accumulate, for example, as a result of blockage occurring within the stone or because water drainage, ie drainage, is not sufficient below the stone.
  • the water-permeable paving stone is preferably cuboid. In particular, it has a flat top and bottom. He is still at least two-ply.
  • the upper layer is significantly thinner, seen in the z-direction, than the lower layer, it has at most 1/3, preferably at most 1/5 and in particular at most 1/7 and less thickness than the lower layer.
  • the lower layer is responsible for the strength of the entire paving stone. It is made of a concrete, as is usually used for such, single-ply paving stones, reference is made to the standards mentioned. Although the lower layer is mechanically weakened by the channels, this is irrelevant and can be compensated for by improved quality of the concrete of the lower layer.
  • the concrete of the lower layer is preferably compacted.
  • the lower layer may also have a reinforcement.
  • the upper layer has the task to absorb superficially accumulating water over the entire top of the stone and passed through as quickly as possible to avoid that water can accumulate locally on the top and in the upper layer, the lower layer has funnel surfaces at its upper limit , These provide a sufficient, continuous slope, so that water can drain away quickly.
  • the deepest point of the funnel surfaces is the mouth of a channel of the lower layer. Once the mouth is reached, the water flows down quickly through the relatively large channels.
  • the abrupt transition in the region of the mouth between the material of the upper layer and the channel of the lower layer has now been found in the previously known paving stone. All water that is to get into the channels must flow through that part of the upper layer that is just above the mouth.
  • the invention now proposes, in an improvement, that in the upper layer there is a cavity which directly adjoins the mouth and extends upwards. He is, for example, dome-shaped.
  • the area through which the water must flow in order to get into one of the channels compared to the prior art significantly increased. This in turn leads to a better drainage of water.
  • At least one layer of 5 mm thickness is located above an uppermost point of such a cavity.
  • the cavity itself has a height of, for example, 2 to 10 mm in the z-direction.
  • the upper layer is produced without fines, it has grains with at least 0.25 mm dimensions and no smaller components of the surcharge.
  • the pores of the upper layer are contiguous, in particular they go through from the top to the cavity.
  • the funnel surfaces drain the water quickly, they offer a slope everywhere. Their angle is adapted to achieve a rapid discharge of the water, even with slightly oblique arrangement of the paving stone in a laid surface.
  • the funnel surfaces prevent local accumulation of water and prevent frost damage.
  • the diameter of the channels is preferably between 10 and 15 mm. They are preferably conical. They extend from the mouth down to the outlet.
  • the surface of the channels and / or the angle at which the channels extend downwardly are selected so that the angle of self-locking between the concrete and ice is exceeded. This has the consequence that when freezing a plug located in the channel of ice is pressed down, but not blow it up. So the plug may lift the paving stone, but the cobblestone is not destroyed by him.
  • the surface of the channels is preferably smooth.
  • the paving stone If the paving stone is laid, then there is a sufficiently permeable layer below it, for example a gravel layer.
  • the water drainage must be so large that in the paving stone itself no water stops.
  • the splitting force of the water-permeable paving stone according to the invention is about 3 N / mm 2 .
  • a normal stone has values of about 3.6 N / mm 2 . If one chooses solid material such as granite, basalt or porphyry for the grains, then one also achieves values for the water-permeable paving stone, as they are achieved for the normal stone. The tests have shown that the break line passes through the grains but holds the binder. It thus depends essentially on the strength of the grains.
  • two channels are not in a plane that is parallel to a narrow surface of the paving stone.
  • the channels lie in planes defined by their center lines, these planes have a cut surface with the paving stone.
  • This cut surface has a surface area.
  • the surface area of this cut surface should be larger than the surface area of a narrow surface.
  • the channels are staggered. This ensures that a fault line runs parallel to a narrow surface through at most one channel.
  • the fracture surfaces in which there are at least 2 channels have a larger surface area than the narrow surface, so that a break parallel to the narrow surface requires less energy than a break through two channels.
  • the lower layer is first prepared.
  • normal concrete is given in a corresponding form.
  • the funnel surfaces are either at the bottom of the mold or at the top. After making this lower layer, the funnel surfaces are smooth.
  • the upper layer is now added, their grains combine with the upper surface of the lower layer. The addition of the upper layer takes place at a time at which the lower layer has not yet cured, preferably the curing has not yet begun.
  • the bottom layer can be made in a standard block making machine currently used for the production of impermeable paving stones. Here normal filling systems can be used.
  • the mold has either towering punches that leave the channels open or the bottom layer is first made continuously, without releasing the channels and these are subsequently formed before the material hardens, for example, they are drilled.
  • the lower layer is compacted using the usual methods such as pressure, shaking or the like.
  • the paving stone consists of two layers 20, 22, as shown in the figures, but it may also have three or more layers. In each case, it has a lower layer 20. It occupies at least 70%, preferably at least 80% to 90% of the volume of the paving stone. It is made of a normal compacted concrete commonly known for its good quality. In particular, a concrete is used, as it is known from the standards and as it is currently used for paving stones. Advantageously, the concrete is reinforced, as will be discussed later.
  • an upper layer 22 is firmly connected.
  • This upper layer 22 is made of cement, water and a supplement, which has no fines.
  • the supplement is grainy.
  • the granulation band is between 0.25 mm and 7 mm, in particular between 0.5 and 3 mm. This releases pores between the grains.
  • the pores are interconnected. Porous passages are provided from an upper surface 24 of the paving stone to an intermediate surface 42, in which intermediate surface 42 the lower layer 20 and the upper layer 22 touch. It is important that the upper layer 22 be porous and durable in use also remains porous.
  • the lower layer 20 is provided with vertical, continuous channels 26-30. These have a slightly conical shape 62, so are truncated cones. They have a round cross section. Other cross sections are possible. It's important, that the cross-section of the intermediate surface 42 to a bottom 32 of the paving stone steadily expanded. In other words, a molded part 64, which in the manufacture of the lower layer 20 keeps the space for a channel 26 free, must be removed downwards, in the negative z-direction.
  • the conical shape 62 prevents dirt from settling and blockages.
  • the conical shape 62 is also advantageously designed in such a way that freezing water in a channel 26 is pressed down somewhat by the increase in volume occurring during freezing.
  • the forces occurring during freezing have a sufficiently large component down, in the negative z-direction.
  • the angle of self-locking between ice and the concrete surface is smaller than the angle of inclination of the extension, in particular in the conical shape 62.
  • the inner surface of the channels 26 to 30 is sufficiently smooth so that there can be no positive connection between ice and concrete.
  • the channels 26-30 mean a weakening of the lower layer 20 and thus of the paving stone.
  • the channels 26 to 30 offset from each other.
  • the channels 26 and 28 lie in a plane 34.
  • This plane 34 encloses with an end face, ie an outer surface of the paving stone running parallel to the yz plane, an angle ⁇ 15 °.
  • the sectional area of this plane 34 with the paving stone has a surface area which is greater than the surface area of the end face 36. If the plane 34 were parallel to the yz plane, a break of the paving stone along such a plane could be preferred.
  • the strength of the paving stone is increased.
  • the channels 36 to 30 extend from an upper mouth 38 to a lower spout 40.
  • the upper mouth 38 of all channels 26-30 lies in a plane parallel to the xy plane and is also located in the intermediate surface 42. Above This intermediate surface 42, the channels 26 to 30 continued through a cavity 44 upwards.
  • the cavity 44 is located in the upper layer 22. It connects to the upper mouth 38 and is, for example dome-shaped. He has a top point 46. Above this top point 46 is still at least one layer of the top layer 22 of 5 mm thickness, preferably more.
  • the height of the cavity 44 measured in the z-direction is at least 2, preferably at least 5 mm and can reach up to about 10 mm.
  • the thickness of the upper layer 22 is between 7 and 25 mm, preferably about 15 mm.
  • each one of the upper orifices 38 is a funnel, it has a funnel surface 48 and is bounded by a funnel edge. From the edge of the funnel 50 to the mouth 38, the funnel surface 48 drops steadily, so there is an incline everywhere for the discharge of water.
  • the funnel edges 50 of adjacent funnels are linearly adjacent to each other, they are immediately adjacent to each other. In the embodiment shown, the funnel edges 50 are all in an upper plane 54 that is parallel to the xy plane. Partly fall the funnel edges 50 with the side surfaces of the paving stone together. All bevels are inward, there is no outward slope of a funnel area. Thus, the entire incident on the top 24 of the paving stone water is passed through the channels 26 - 30. A lateral overflow should not take place.
  • the paving stone can have any external dimensions.
  • the top 24 is parallel to the x-y plane, the same applies to the bottom 32.
  • the side surfaces can be made arbitrarily, preferably the paving stone is cuboid.
  • the funnel surfaces 48 have an angle of inclination with respect to an x-y plane which is greater than 3 °, in particular greater than 5 °, preferably greater than 7 °, and may for example also go up to 15 °.
  • the funnel surfaces 48 are formed so that each channel 26 to 30 has approximately the same feed surface.
  • the funnel edges 50 can be straight, as in the example shown, but they can also have any other shape.
  • the topsheet 22 is made of two individual layers, thereby forming a lower, second layer of grains which are coarser than the grains of the overlying first layer.
  • the coarser grains should have the highest possible own strength. They are intimately related to the lower layer 20. It is thus created a sufficiently large area for the discharge of water in the region of the intermediate surface 42.
  • the channels 26 to 30 can be formed in that corresponding mold parts 64 are provided in the mold 62 for the production of the paving stone. These moldings 64 can be used as moving parts (see Fig. 9 ), they can allow movement in the z-direction.
  • the channels 26 to 30 can also be introduced later, for example, by drilling or cutting out before curing of the concrete, eg before the application of the upper layer 22nd
  • the normal method for the production of non-water-permeable paving stones can be used as a starting method.
  • normal concrete slurry 52 is introduced into the mold 62 and distributed in it. The added amount is exactly measured.
  • the lower layer 20 is started.
  • the lower layer 20 is oriented so that the later interface 42 is at the top, see Fig. 6 , But it can also be down, then the mold 62 has a corresponding profiling in its bottom, which is adapted to the funnel surfaces 48 and is essentially a negative image to Fig. 4 , If the later intermediate surface 42 above, a punch 60 is used, which then has a shape corresponding to the funnel surfaces 48 instead of the bottom.
  • the punch 60 is pressed into the concrete slurry 52 and causes a shaping of the upper surface of the lower layer 20, as it is later also in the interior of the finished paving stone, and a compression.
  • the mold parts 64 are preferably not only designed to mold a channel 26 to 30, but also the overlying cavity 44. They therefore protrude beyond the upper surface of the lower layer 20.
  • the punch 60 has recesses for them, which receive the upper portions of the punch 60 (see Fig. 7 ), or the molded parts 64 can around the Measure, which makes up the height of the cavity 44, are elastically pressed down as soon as the punch 60 rests (see Fig. 9 ). With application of the punch 70 at the same time a shaking or compaction takes place via other steps, for example, higher-frequency shaking.
  • the punch 60 is removed, the mold parts 64 are above the upper surface of the lower layer 20 upwards. Now, the upper layer 22 is applied and evenly distributed in the mold 62, so that a flat top 24 is achieved.
  • the mold 62 may be made of any material, preferably plastic molds.
  • FIG. 9 shows an alternative for the mold 62.
  • the moldings 64 are now movable in the z-direction.
  • the mold 62 has a through hole in its bottom.
  • the mold parts 64 are no longer, as in the previous embodiment, firmly connected to the bottom of the mold 62, but movable relative to this floor. They also run longer, they always protrude, even in the normal position, the FIG. 9 shows, below the ground.
  • the normal position is the position in which the mold parts 64 are located in the previous embodiment.
  • a spring 66 which biases the molding 64 in the illustrated normal position, wherein it is pressed against a stop.
  • concrete slurry 52 is filled for the lower layer 20.
  • the illustrated normal position is secured downwardly by a slider 68 which engages in a notch of the molding 64 or alternatively under the bottom 32 of this molding 64.
  • This slider 68 is biased by a slider spring 66 in the position shown. He is guided in a guided tour.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
EP10155971A 2009-03-25 2010-03-09 Pavé poreux et son procédé de fabrication Withdrawn EP2236670A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009001836 2009-03-25

Publications (2)

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EP2236670A2 true EP2236670A2 (fr) 2010-10-06
EP2236670A3 EP2236670A3 (fr) 2012-02-01

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EP10155971A Withdrawn EP2236670A3 (fr) 2009-03-25 2010-03-09 Pavé poreux et son procédé de fabrication

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3450627A1 (fr) * 2017-09-04 2019-03-06 SCC-DESIGN, besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid Pierre de pavage et pavage ou plancher comprenant de telles pierres de pavage

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0471978B1 (fr) 1990-07-16 1994-04-06 Werner Zapf Kg Elément de couverture de surfaces drainant et l'application
DE29615792U1 (de) 1996-08-03 1997-01-02 Dobsch Dieter Dipl Ing Fh Bodenplatte, insbesondere Pflasterstein sowie Kunstraseneinsatz für eine solche Bodenplatte
DE19733286A1 (de) 1997-08-01 1999-02-04 Dobsch Dieter Dipl Ing Fh Bodenplatte, insbesondere Pflasterstein sowie Kunstraseneinsatz für eine solche Bodenplatte
DE102004020712A1 (de) 2004-04-27 2005-11-24 Beiersdorf Ag Kosmetische Kapseln

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT400960B (de) * 1993-04-30 1996-05-28 Fleischhacker Gerhard Bodenflächenbefestigung
JP2003027406A (ja) * 2001-07-13 2003-01-29 Ito Yogyo Co Ltd 透水板
DE10349526A1 (de) * 2003-10-22 2005-05-25 Roger Hartenburg Baueinheit zur Ausbildung eines Bodens mit Gefälle, Verwendung der Baueinheit, Verfahren zur Herstellung der Baueinheit, Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bodens mit Gefälle

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0471978B1 (fr) 1990-07-16 1994-04-06 Werner Zapf Kg Elément de couverture de surfaces drainant et l'application
DE29615792U1 (de) 1996-08-03 1997-01-02 Dobsch Dieter Dipl Ing Fh Bodenplatte, insbesondere Pflasterstein sowie Kunstraseneinsatz für eine solche Bodenplatte
DE19733286A1 (de) 1997-08-01 1999-02-04 Dobsch Dieter Dipl Ing Fh Bodenplatte, insbesondere Pflasterstein sowie Kunstraseneinsatz für eine solche Bodenplatte
DE102004020712A1 (de) 2004-04-27 2005-11-24 Beiersdorf Ag Kosmetische Kapseln

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3450627A1 (fr) * 2017-09-04 2019-03-06 SCC-DESIGN, besloten vennootschap met beperkte aansprakelijkheid Pierre de pavage et pavage ou plancher comprenant de telles pierres de pavage
BE1025523B1 (nl) * 2017-09-04 2019-04-05 Scc-Design Besloten Vennootschap Met Beperkte Aansprakelijkheid Bufferklinker en bestrating of vloer met zulke bufferklinkers

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