Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
  • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
  • B29C44/58—Moulds
  • B29C44/586—Moulds with a cavity increasing in size during foaming
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
  • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
  • B29C44/3442—Mixing, kneading or conveying the foamable material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
  • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
  • B29C44/35—Component parts; Details or accessories
  • B29C44/351—Means for preventing foam to leak out from the foaming device during foaming
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
  • B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
  • B29C44/34—Auxiliary operations
  • B29C44/60—Measuring, controlling or regulating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
  • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
  • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
  • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
  • C08G18/48—Polyethers
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
  • C08J9/04—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent
  • C08J9/12—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof using blowing gases generated by a previously added blowing agent by a physical blowing agent
  • C08J9/122—Hydrogen, oxygen, CO2, nitrogen or noble gases
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
  • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
  • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
  • B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G2101/00—Manufacture of cellular products
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J2375/00—Characterised by the use of polyureas or polyurethanes; Derivatives of such polymers
  • C08J2375/04—Polyurethanes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a system for producing a foamed polymer, comprising a first mixer for mixing at least two reactants reacting with one another to obtain a polymer-reactive reaction mixture, wherein at least one of the reaction components further comprises a supercritical fluid; and a foaming mold connected to the first mixer for receiving the reaction mixture with a first volume available for receiving the reaction mixture, the first volume being variable.
• the invention also relates to a process for producing a foamed polymer using such a system.
• Nanocellular or nanoporous polymer foams are particularly good materials for thermal insulation due to theoretical considerations.
• the internal dimensions of the foam structures are in the range of the mean free path of a gas molecule. In this way, the proportion of the gas in the heat transfer can be reduced.
• a polymer group commonly used in thermal insulation are polyurethanes.
• a polyol component in which a blowing agent is also contained is reacted with an isocyanate.
• the reaction of isocyanate with water produces carbon dioxide, which also acts as a propellant.
• the crucial step for the foaming and thus for the later cell size of the cured foam is the nucleation of blowing agents, since each cell in the foam is formed from a gas bubble. It can be observed here that as a rule no new gas bubbles are produced after nucleation, but propellants diffuse into already existing gas bubbles.
• stabilizers helps emulsify the various components, affects nucleation and prevents coalescence of the growing gas bubbles. They also affect the cell opening. In open-cell foams, the membranes of the growing pores are opened and the webs of the pores remain.
• the blowing agent is in the form of a microemulsion.
• Microemulsions form under certain conditions, which depend inter alia on the concentration of the emulsifiers and the temperature. Microemulsions are characterized by the fact that they are stable and that the non-polar phase, ie the blowing agent here, can be present in very small droplets within the polar phase. The diameters of such droplets can range from 1 to 100 nanometers lie.
• Atur selectedung by pressure and / or tempering the second fluid is converted into a near or supercritical state with a liquid-near density.
• the second fluid is completely or almost completely in pools, which are evenly distributed throughout the first fluid.
• the second fluid returns to a gaseous density state where the pools are inflated into nanoscale foam bubbles. No energy barrier needs to be overcome, nor do the blowing agent molecules have to diffuse to the growing bubbles.
• the first fluid a polymerizable substance is generally proposed here.
• the second fluid should be selected from a group of hydrocarbons such as methane or ethane, further alkanols, chlorofluorocarbons or CO 2 .
• an amphiphilic material is used, which should have at least one block inclined to the first fluid and at least one block inclined to the second fluid.
• WO 2011/054873 A2 relates to a process for producing a polyurethane foam, wherein the blowing agent used is in the supercritical or near-critical state.
• a reaction mixture is introduced into a closed mold, wherein the closed mold is set up so that its internal volume and / or the pressure prevailing in its interior can be changed after introduction of the mixture by external influence.
• the surfactant By choosing the surfactant, microemulsions of the blowing agent in the polyol phase can be obtained.
• Another subject is a nanocellular polyurethane foam obtainable by the process.
• WO 2012/059567 A1 discloses a process for producing a foamed material, wherein an emulsion-shaped composition having a matrix-forming component, a surfactant component and a near or supercritical propellant component is a Pressure reduction experiences.
• the propellant component further comprises a hydrophobic co-component, which is soluble in supercritical CO 2 at a pressure of> 150 bar, is not soluble in subcritical CO 2 at a pressure of ⁇ 40 bar and not soluble in the matrix-forming component and further in a Proportion of> 3% by weight to ⁇ 35% by weight of the blowing agent component.
• the publication further relates to an emulsion-type composition to be used herein and a foamed material obtainable by the method.
• the urethane reaction does not begin during the pressure below the critical pressure of the gaseous propellant used (preferably not for CO 2) below 100 bar) in order to avoid premature foaming. This is ensured by the injection of the reaction mixture into a reaction space which has the required pressure and temperature conditions. These conditions in the reaction space are created in practice by the use of a so-called floating seal for separating the reaction space from a pressure chamber (pressure build-up, for example, by compressed air).
• the pressure can now be reduced (for example by opening a compressed air valve) or the volume can be increased in order to transfer the blowing agent from the supercritical to the gaseous state and thus induce foaming.
• the pressure conditions during the foaming process are decisive for various properties of the resulting foams (cell size, cell structure, porosity, bulk density, compressive strengths, dimensional stability, surface structure, etc.).
• the foaming process is to be preferred by increasing the volume of the reaction space in relation to the process of reducing the pressure in the reaction space, since the controlled increase in volume can also control the pressure, which, conversely, does not apply without restriction.
• the present invention has the object to provide for the production of a polymer foam, an apparatus and a method in which both the injection and the Foaming can proceed under controlled conditions.
• FIG. 1 shows a system according to the invention
• FIG. FIG. 2 shows a detail of a system according to the invention for illustrating a method according to the invention
• FIG. 3 shows a further detail of a system according to the invention for clarifying a method according to the invention
• FIG. 4 shows a further detail of a system according to the invention for illustrating a method according to the invention.
• a system according to the invention for producing a foamed polymer is shown in FIG. 1 shown.
• the system includes:
• a first mixer 140 for mixing at least two reacting reactants to form a polymer-reactive reaction mixture, wherein at least one of the reaction components further comprises a supercritical fluid; and a foaming mold 200 connected to the first mixer 140 for receiving the reaction mixture with a first volume 210 available for receiving the reaction mixture, the first volume 210 being variable.
• the first mixer 140 is preferably a high pressure mixer to maintain supercritical mixing conditions for the fluid in the reaction mixture.
• a high pressure mixer to maintain supercritical mixing conditions for the fluid in the reaction mixture.
• impact jet mixers or micromixers are suitable. But it is also possible to form the mixer in the form of a T-piece connected to corresponding lines. Details of the reaction components of the reaction mixture are given in connection with the process according to the invention.
• the first mixer 140 is connected via a line to the foaming mold 200, so that one in the first Mixer 140 reaction mixture obtained in the foaming mold, more specifically in the variable first volume 210 of the foam mold, can be registered.
• the foaming mold 200 is basically not subject to any restrictions. An internal shaping which facilitates the movement of the seal 300 is of course preferred.
• the foam mold 200 comprises a movable seal 300, which limits the first volume 210 to at least one side and seals at least against the escape of liquid components.
• the mobility of the seal 300 is shown in FIG. 1 represented by the symbol ⁇ ->.
• the seal 300 thus has the effect that the first volume 210 can be made variable while maintaining supercritical conditions for the fluid. It can also seal the first volume against gases. However, the escape of some amount of gas from the first volume 210 may be tolerated, or even desirable, if it improves the foaming action of the reaction mixture during operation of the system.
• the foaming mold 200 may have a circular cross-section inside, and the seal 300 is a cylindrical disk, for example made of aluminum.
• the system further comprises a movable limiter 310, which is arranged on the side of the seal 300 opposite the first volume 210, is not or is not fixedly connected to the seal 300, the position of which can be changed by means of a positioning unit 320, wherein the positioning unit 320 is set up to execute instructions of a control unit 400.
• the mobility of the limiter 310 is shown in FIG. 1 also represented by the symbol ⁇ ->.
• the direction of mobility of the restrictor 310 corresponds to the direction of mobility of the seal 300.
• the restrictor 310 is not or not firmly connected to the seal 300. In this way, both elements can be arranged independently of each other in the foam mold 300.
• a non-rigid connection can be realized by releasable elements such as electromagnets, releasable mechanical couplings and the like.
• a positioning unit 320 causes the movement or blocking of the movement of the limiter 310 and thus comprises a drive for the limiter 310.
• the positioning unit 320 acts on the instructions of a control unit 400.
• the control unit 400 can be part of a process control system.
• the control unit also receives signals from one or more position encoders to incorporate the position of the limiter 310 within the foaming mold in the instructions to the positioning unit 320.
• the limiter 310 is positionable to move the seal 300, which is an extension of the first volume 210, in response to the instructions of the control unit 400 corresponds to blocking or allowing.
• a first volume 210 in which a chemical reaction takes place, can be maintained or increased in a controlled manner.
• the limiter 310 is designed as a mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically driven punch.
• the control unit 400 is set up to transmit instructions to the positioning unit 320 as a function of at least one parameter of a reaction mixture located in the first volume 210.
• a parameter for example, the pressure, the temperature and / or the viscosity in the volume 210 can be determined by means of a pressure sensor, temperature sensor or viscometer.
• the measured values which characterize the forming foam can also be detected in the volume 210 by means of IR spectroscopy, ultrasound technology or other conventional measuring techniques, which are forwarded as parameters to the control unit 400 in order to transmit instructions to the positioning unit 320.
• the size of the first volume 210 may be varied depending on the progress of the reaction within the reaction mixture.
• the system further comprises a reservoir for a first reaction component 100, a reservoir for a second reaction component 110, and a reservoir for supercritical fluid 120, the reservoir for the second reaction component 110 and the reservoir for the reservoir supercritical state displaceable fluid 120 are connected to a second mixer 130 and an output of the second mixer 130 and the reservoir for the first reaction component 100 are connected to the first mixer.
• the reservoir for the first reaction component 100 is a reservoir for an isocyanate component
• the reservoir for the second reaction component 110 is a reservoir for a polyol component
• the reservoir for the supercritical fluid 120 is a reservoir for carbon dioxide.
• the foam mold 200 further comprises a second volume 220 arranged on the side of the seal 300 opposite the first volume 210, which volume can be closed off from the atmosphere and whose pressure can be adjusted by means of a valve 330.
• a back pressure can be built up, which ensures that during the expansion of the first volume, the seal 300 moves slower and so not accidentally prevail temporarily subcritical conditions in the first volume.
• This back pressure can be built up via the valve 330 and discharged again. In FIG. 1, but it is still possible to provide a valve for the controlled ventilation of the first volume 210 on the foaming mold 200.
• the seal 300 is designed as a floating seal.
• the floating seal is hereby defined as a component which can pressure-tightly seal the first volume 210 from the second volume 220 against the foam mold 200 and can be moved along an axis (horizontally in the case of the horizontal structure of the foam mold 200), but not mechanically with the foam mold 200 or the limiter 310 is connected.
• the limiter 310 is designed as a mechanically, hydraulically or pneumatically driven punch.
• the parameter of the reaction mixture in the first volume 210 is selected from: residence time of the reaction mixture in the first volume 210, temperature of the reaction mixture in the first Volume 210, within the first volume 210 prevailing pressure, viscosity of the reaction mixture in the first volume 210 and / or predetermined signal in the infrared spectrum of the reaction mixture in the first volume 210.
• residence time of the reaction mixture is preferred.
• other process parameters such as temperature, pressure and viscosity (as a sign of a progressive polymerization reaction) can also be used. In the case of polyurethane reaction mixtures, monitoring of the NCO band in the IR spectrum is also conceivable.
• Another aspect of the present invention is a process for producing a foamed polymer. Individual steps will be described by way of example with reference to FIG. 2, 3 and 4 are shown.
• the method comprises the steps of: A) providing a system according to the invention;
• step A) of the method first of all a system according to the invention with first mixer 140, foaming mold 200, seal 200, limiter 310, positioning unit 320, control unit 400, etc. is provided, so that the method can be carried out with this system.
• a in FIG. 1 schematically illustrated inventive system can be provided.
• the FIG. 2, 3 and 4 show sections of a system according to the invention, focusing on the representation of the processes in the foam mold 200.
• the situation after performing steps B) and C) of the method is shown in FIG. 2 shown.
• the seal 300 is positioned.
• a in FIG. 1 illustrated first volume 210 are formed or the seal 300 is flush with the left edge of the foam mold 200 at.
• the restrictor 310 is positioned within the foam mold 200 such that as the seal 300 moves toward and contacts the restrictor 310, a second predetermined value for the first volume 210 is taken.
• FIG. 3 shows the situation after steps D) and E) of the method.
• a reaction mixture is introduced into the foaming mold 200 and thus into the first volume 210.
• the reaction mixture comprises two mutually reactive components which form a polymer. In this case, polyaddition polymers are preferred as reaction products.
• the reaction mixture further comprises a supercritical fluid which serves as a propellant.
• propellant fluids are linear, branched or cyclic Ci to Ce alkanes, linear, branched or cyclic Ci to C0-fluoroalkanes, N2, O2, argon and / or CO2. It is possible that the carbon dioxide is formed during the reaction to a polyurethane foam, for example by the reaction of isocyanates with water or with acids.
• hydrocarbon blowing agents are methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, iso-butane, n- Pentane, cyclopentane, n-hexane, iso-hexane, 2,3-dimethylhexane and / or cyclohexane.
• the propellant fluid is present in the supercritical state upon entry into the first volume 210. It may be dissolved or emulsified in the reaction mixture.
• the propellant may be in emulsions in a droplet size of> 1 nm to ⁇ 100 nm.
• the droplet size can also be> 3 nm to ⁇ 30 nm. It can be determined by means of dynamic light scattering or neutron small angle scattering and is to be understood as the mean value of the droplet sizes.
• the reaction mixture introduced into the foaming mold presses the movable seal 300 against the limiter 310 until it is contacted and initially stops the further movement of the seal 300. Then, the first volume 210 has reached its second predetermined value.
• step E) the reaction mixture is allowed to react until a predetermined parameter, which is generally associated with the reaction progress of the reaction mixture, is reached. In this case, there are still supercritical conditions for the fluid.
• the first volume may continue to maintain the second predetermined value from the previous steps or the size of the first volume may be changed in step E) as long as the fluid is still in the supercritical state.
• the fluid After reaching the predetermined value of the parameter from step E), the fluid is present in the reaction mixture in the subcritical state at the end of step F). This takes place in that the limiter is repositioned such that the seal 300 is provided with a further movement space and as a result the first volume 210 can increase.
• the third predetermined value may be chosen so that the first volume 210 is reduced again. In this way, cells in the foam-like material can be burst.
• gaseous fluid is obtained, so that in the end result, a foam is formed.
• the material may continue to cure in the foam mold 200 until a solid foam is obtained.
• step A) which has at least the additional property that the foam mold 200 further comprises a second volume 220 arranged on the opposite side of the seal 300 from the first volume 210 and sealed from the atmosphere can be and whose pressure is adjustable by means of a valve 330. Furthermore, at least until the end of step D) in the second volume 220 there is a pressure above the critical pressure of the fluid and subsequently in step F) the pressure in the second volume 220 is lowered to a pressure below the critical pressure of the fluid.
• step E) the parameter is selected from: residence time of the reaction mixture in the first volume 210, temperature of the reaction mixture in the first volume 210, pressure prevailing within the first volume 210, viscosity of the reaction mixture in the first volume 210 and / or previously determined signal in the infrared spectrum of the reaction mixture in the first volume 210.
• the residence time of the reaction mixture is preferred, for example> 1 second to ⁇ 60 seconds.
• other process parameters such as temperature, pressure and viscosity (as a sign of a progressive polymerization reaction) can also be used.
• monitoring of the NCO band in the IR spectrum is also conceivable.
• the repositioning of the limiter 310 is carried out at a previously determined rate for the first volume 210.
• the rate may be, for example,> 1% to ⁇ 100% per second, preferably> 10% to ⁇ 80% per second, more preferably> 20% to ⁇ 60% per second.
• the rate can be constant (linear expansion) or time-varying so that, for example, a ramp for the expansion is passed through.
• the fluid is carbon dioxide.
• the reaction mixture in step D) comprises an isocyanate component and a polyol component.
• suitable polyisocyanates for the isocyanate component are 1,4-butylene diisocyanate, 1,5-pentane diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 2,2,4- and / or 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, the isomeric bis (4,4'-isocyanatocyclohexyl) methanes or mixtures thereof of any isomer content, 1,4-cyclohexylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and / or 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (TDI), 1,5- Naphthylene diisocyanate, 2,2'- and / or 2,4'- and / or 4,4'-diphenylme
• modified diisocyanates containing uretdione, isocyanurate, urethane, carbodiimide, uretonimine, allophanate, biuret, amide, iminooxadiazinedione and / or oxadiazinetrione structure as well as unmodified polyisocyanate having more than 2 NCO can also be proportionally added.
• Groups per molecule such as 4-isocyanatomethyl-l, 8-octane diisocyanate (nonane triisocyanate) or triphenylmethane-4,4 ', 4 "triisocyanate are used.
• This parameter can also be in a range from> 180: 100 to ⁇ 330: 100 or else from> 90: 100 to ⁇ 140: 100.
• the polyol is selected from the group comprising polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polycarbonate polyols, polyetherester polyols, and / or polyacrylate polyols and further wherein the OH number of the polyol> 100 mg KOH / g to ⁇ 800 mg KOH / g, more preferably> 350 mg KOH / g to ⁇ 650 mg KOH / g, and the average OH functionality of the polyols> 2.
• the polyols which can be used according to the invention can have, for example, a number-average molecular weight M n of> 60 g / mol to ⁇ 8000 g / mol, preferably from> 90 g / mol to ⁇ 5000 g / mol and more preferably from> 92 g / mol to ⁇ 1000 g / mol.
• the OH number indicates its OH number in the case of a single polyol added. In the case of mixtures, the average OH number is given. This value can be determined using DIN 53240.
• the average OH functionality of said polyols is> 2, for example in a range from> 2 to ⁇ 6, preferably from> 2.1 to ⁇ 4 and more preferably from> 2.2 to ⁇ 3.
• Polyether polyols which can be used according to the invention are, for example
• Polytetramethylene glycol polyethers obtainable by polymerization of tetrahydrofuran by means of cationic ring opening.
• suitable polyether polyols are addition products of styrene oxide, ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxides and / or epichlorohydrin to di- or polyfunctional starter molecules.
• Suitable starter molecules are, for example, water, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, butyldiglycol, glycerol, diethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane, propylene glycol, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, sucrose, ethylenediamine, toluenediamine, triethanolamine, 1,4-butanediol, 1,6-hexanediol and low molecular weight, hydroxyl-containing esters such polyols with dicarboxylic acids.
• the polyol component comprises a first polyether polyol having a hydroxyl number (DIN 53240) of> 400 mg KOH / g to ⁇ 700 mg KOH / g and a second polyether polyol having a hydroxyl number (DIN 53240) of> 700 mg KOH / g to ⁇ 1000 mg KOH / g, which is different from the first polyether polyol.
• Preference is given to trimethylolpropane-started EO, PO and / or EO / PO polyether polyols.
• the polyol component furthermore comprises a surfactant component from the group: alkoxylated alkanols, alkoxylated alkylphenols, alkoxylated fatty acids, fatty acid esters, polyalkyleneamines, alkylsulfates, alkylpolyethers, alkylpolyglucosides, phosphatidylinositols, fluorinated surfactants, surfactants comprising polysiloxane groups and / or bis (2 ethyl-l-hexyl) sulfosuccinate.
• a surfactant component from the group: alkoxylated alkanols, alkoxylated alkylphenols, alkoxylated fatty acids, fatty acid esters, polyalkyleneamines, alkylsulfates, alkylpolyethers, alkylpolyglucosides, phosphatidylinositols, fluorinated surfactants, surfact
• Alkoxylated alkanols which can be used according to the invention as surfactant components are, for example, ethers of linear or branched alkanols having> 10 to ⁇ 30 carbon atoms with polyalkylene glycols having> 2 to ⁇ 100 alkylene oxide units.
• they may be ethers of linear alkanols having> 15 to ⁇ 20 carbon atoms with polyalkylene glycols having> 5 to ⁇ 30 ethylene oxide units.
• Fluorinated surfactants may be perfluorinated or partially fluorinated. Examples of these are partially fluorinated ethoxylated alkanols or carboxylic acids such as perfluorooctanoic acid.
• a surfactant comprising polysiloxane groups may be, for example, a siloxane-terminated polyalkylene oxide polyether. These surfactants may be linear or branched. Such a surfactant to be used in the present invention can be obtained, for example, by the hydrosilylation of an unsaturated compound with a polysiloxane carrying Si-H groups.
• the unsaturated compound may inter alia be the reaction product of allyl alcohol with ethylene oxide or propylene oxide.
• the surfactant may also be formed by the reaction of polyether alcohols with a Polysiloxane carrying Si-Cl groups can be obtained.
• polyether all end groups can be siloxane-terminated.
• mixed end groups are present, that is to say siloxane end groups and OH end groups or OH end groups functionalized by reaction, such as methoxy groups.
• the siloxane terpolymer may be a monosiloxane group R 3 S1-O- or an oligo- or polysiloxane group R 3 Si-O- [R 2 Si-O] n - [AO] with, for example, n> 1 to ⁇ 100.
• the siloxane terpolymer can also be constructed according to R 3 Si-O-RSi [AO] -O- [R 2 Si-O] m -O-SiR 3 with, for example, m> 0 to ⁇ 10 or as a comb polymer according to R 3 Si-O- [RSi [AO]] - O- [R 2 Si-O] m -O-SiR 3 may be constructed with m + n> 0 to ⁇ 250.
• the radical R is preferably an alkyl group, in particular a methyl group.
• the group [AO] is a polyalkylene oxide radical, preferably polyethylene oxide and / or polypropylene oxide.
• the group [AO] can also be attached to the siloxane via a linking group such as C 3 H 6.
• the inventive method allows a controlled pressure reduction in the foam production. This allows a (reproducible) adjustment of cell size, cell structure, porosity, bulk density, compressive strengths, dimensional stability, the surface structure and / or other qualities of the foams.
• foams can also be produced in which the distribution of the bulk density is particularly homogeneous.
• particularly pressure-resistant foams can be produced.
• Another advantage of the process is the high reproducibility of the foam qualities obtained.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
• Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

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• 2017
  • 2017-07-26 US US16/320,034 patent/US20190263034A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2017-07-26 MX MX2019001196A patent/MX2019001196A/es unknown
  • 2017-07-26 WO PCT/EP2017/068929 patent/WO2018019907A1/de unknown
  • 2017-07-26 BR BR112019001767A patent/BR112019001767A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2017-07-26 CN CN201780047064.9A patent/CN109476056A/zh active Pending
  • 2017-07-26 EP EP17745711.6A patent/EP3490772A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2017-07-26 KR KR1020197002348A patent/KR20190038809A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation

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