EP3486582B1 - Vorrichtung zur leckageerkennung mittels adsorber - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur leckageerkennung mittels adsorber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3486582B1
EP3486582B1 EP18200683.3A EP18200683A EP3486582B1 EP 3486582 B1 EP3486582 B1 EP 3486582B1 EP 18200683 A EP18200683 A EP 18200683A EP 3486582 B1 EP3486582 B1 EP 3486582B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
adsorber
working fluid
housing
heat
fluid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18200683.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3486582A1 (de
Inventor
Tobias Lingk
Hans-Josef Spahn
Thomas-Friedrich Szuder
Thomas Badenhop
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vaillant GmbH filed Critical Vaillant GmbH
Priority to PL18200683T priority Critical patent/PL3486582T3/pl
Publication of EP3486582A1 publication Critical patent/EP3486582A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3486582B1 publication Critical patent/EP3486582B1/de
Priority to HRP20201026TT priority patent/HRP20201026T1/hr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
    • F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
    • F24F11/36—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to leakage of heat-exchange fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2345/00—Details for charging or discharging refrigerants; Service stations therefor
    • F25B2345/002—Collecting refrigerant from a cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/32—Weight

Definitions

  • the invention relates to irregular conditions in refrigeration circuits in which a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is conducted in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • a working fluid acting as a refrigerant is conducted in a thermodynamic cycle, such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • thermodynamic cycle such as the Clausius-Rankine cycle.
  • Heat pumps, air conditioning systems and cooling devices are common in residential buildings.
  • Residential buildings are understood to mean private houses, apartment complexes, hospitals, hotel complexes, restaurants and combined residential and commercial buildings and commercial establishments in which people live and work permanently, in contrast to mobile devices such as automotive air conditioning systems or transport boxes, or also industrial plants or medical technology devices. What these cycle processes have in common is that they generate useful heat or cold using energy and form heat transfer systems.
  • thermodynamic cycle processes used have long been known, as are the safety problems that can arise when using suitable working fluids. Apart from water, the best known working fluids at the time were flammable and toxic. In the past century, they led to the development of safety refrigerants, which consisted of fluorinated hydrocarbons. However, it was shown that these safety refrigerants damage the ozone layer, lead to global warming, and that their safety-related harmlessness led to constructive inattentiveness. Up to 70% of sales was attributable to the need to refill leaky systems and their leakage losses, which was accepted as long as this was perceived as economically justifiable in individual cases and promoted the need for replacement.
  • the problems that arise with the safety design of such systems are discussed in the WO 2015/032905 A1 described vividly.
  • the lower ignition limit of propane as working fluid is approximately 1.7 percent by volume in air, which corresponds to 38 g / m 3 in air.
  • the cooling process is carried out in a surrounding, hermetically sealed, but otherwise air-filled room with the working fluid propane , there is the problem of detecting a critical, explosive situation after a fault in which the working fluid escapes into this hermetically sealed room.
  • Electrical sensors for the detection of critical concentrations are difficult to carry out explosion-proof, which is why the propane detection by the sensors themselves considerably increases the risk of explosion, with the exception of infrared sensors.
  • Propane is also toxic; when inhaled above a concentration of approx. 2 g / m 3 , there are narcotic effects, headaches and nausea. This affects people who are supposed to solve a recognized problem on site before there is a risk of explosion.
  • Propane is also heavier than air, so it sinks to the ground in calm air and accumulates there. If a part of the propane is collected in a low-flow zone of the closed room in which the faulty aggregate is located, the local explosion limits can be reached much faster than the quotient of the total volume of space to the amount of propane escaped.
  • the WO 2015/032905 A1 seeks to solve this problem by integrating an electric current generator into the opening or locking of this space and, when actuated, in a first step generates and provides the electrical energy with which the sensor is activated and which in the event of an alarm Locking then does not release, but initiates ventilation of the closed room and only allows unlocking and opening in a second step.
  • the DE-PS 553 295 describes an encapsulated compression refrigeration machine in which the refrigerant compressor 1, its drive motor 2, evaporator 3, condenser 4 and control valve 5 are enclosed in a double-walled capsule 6 and 7, respectively. A vacuum is created in the space between the double-walled capsule and any leaks that could occur at the openings for cooling water and brine are extracted. The extracted working fluid can then be recovered if necessary. It should be noted that there is no ambient air inside the encapsulated room and that it cannot penetrate into the encapsulated interior due to the negative pressure in the double jacket.
  • the DE 10 2011 116 863 A1 describes a method for securing a device for a thermodynamic cycle, which is operated with a process fluid that contains or consists of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and / or flammable substance.
  • a process fluid that contains or consists of at least one environmentally hazardous, toxic and / or flammable substance.
  • an adsorbent is brought into contact with the process fluid, in particular ammonia, propane or propene, and the substance is selectively bound by the adsorbent.
  • the adsorbent is regenerated after use.
  • zeolite also in combination with imidazole or phosphates, CuBTC are also proposed.
  • the adsorbent can be in the form of a bed, a shaped body, a paint, one Spray film or a coating.
  • the support structure of the molded body can consist of microstructure, lamellar structure, tube bundle, tube register and sheet metal and must be mechanically stable and greatly increase the surface area. Circulation of the potentially contaminated air usually takes place continuously, but can also be initiated by a sensor which switches on the ventilation after a threshold value has been reached or in the event of a recognized accident.
  • the adsorption can be carried out inside or outside a closed room.
  • the DE 195 26 980 A1 describes an apparatus and a method for cleaning air-enclosed spaces that have a gaseous contamination. After the contamination has been detected by a gas sensor, the latter controls a compressor which directs the air through an absorber located in this room, as a result of which the contamination is absorbed. The cleaned air leaves the absorber in the closed room.
  • the DE 195 25 064 C1 describes a refrigeration machine with a gas-tight housing, which accommodates all refrigerant-carrying components of the machine, a space is provided that connects the interior of the gas-tight housing with an outlet, and the space is filled with a substance that sorbs the refrigerant.
  • the amount of sorbent material is dimensioned so that the entire amount of any refrigerant escaping can be absorbed and kept away from the environment.
  • the space filled with the sorbent material is open to the surroundings. With refrigerants that are heavier than air, the space is open at the bottom, with those that are lighter, it is open at the top, so that a delivery fan is not required.
  • the sorbent is introduced into the housing and completely surrounds the refrigeration machine or the refrigerant-carrying devices. Baffles are provided on its way out, which prevent short-circuit currents and force escaping gas through the sorbent.
  • a measuring device for refrigerants can be provided at the exit of the space filled with the sorbent to the surroundings.
  • the DE 195 25 064 C1 a device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the DE 10 2015 221 328 A1 describes a mobile system and a method for draining coolant from an air conditioning system in a car workshop.
  • a scale detects the weight of the delivery unit in order to determine the exact amount of refrigerant when filling.
  • the system is not suitable for being carried in the vehicle itself and for measuring a leakage-related loss of refrigerant during operation.
  • the EP 3 106 780 A1 describes a heat pump system which is housed in an airtight housing lined with a binder.
  • An adsorption unit with forced ventilation which cleans the air in the housing in recirculation mode, can be arranged within this housing.
  • This recirculation mode can be carried out continuously or only in the event of a fault or at regular intervals.
  • a pilot burner, a pilot flame, a catalytic burner or a heating wire can also be arranged downstream of this sorption stage, which burns any remaining combustible contaminants.
  • a fresh air supply in connection with the discharge of cleaned exhaust air is also conceivable.
  • the requirements are usually mutually exclusive and also generate conflicting goals in large numbers.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to resolve the conflicting objectives and to provide a device which reliably solves the problems presented.
  • heat transfer fluids are to be understood as all gaseous or liquid media with which heat is transferred, that is to say air, water, brine, heat transfer oils or the like.
  • the measurement is carried out in such a way that the adsorber is suspended on a lever which is equipped with strain gauges.
  • This device is referred to below as the "measuring lever”.
  • This measuring lever preferably serves as a fluid connection at the same time and is designed as a hollow profile through which fluid flows. Due to the deflection, its elasticity causes the strain gauges to stretch. If a loading with propane takes place, the loading causes an increase in the weight through the lever and thus a greater deflection due to the leverage.
  • the lever contains the feed line and the return line to the adsorber.
  • rectangular tubes connected to one another in parallel can serve this purpose, on the upper side of which the strain gauges are applied.
  • the forced flow through the adsorber can be carried out continuously or within predetermined time slices by a conveying fan, the conveying fan can be arranged on the suction side or on the pressure side. It is advantageous if it does not have to be weighed. However, the problem then arises that the pressure loss caused by the flow through the adsorber influences the weight force measurement in that the product of pressure loss and cross-sectional area with a vertical flow causes a force parallel to the weight force.
  • the adsorber is flowed through horizontally.
  • the flow resistance does not affect the weight of the adsorber, since the two forces are perpendicular to each other.
  • the horizontal flow can be implemented favorably through a honeycomb construction of the adsorber.
  • a delivery blower which has at least one setting for a small delivery amount and a further setting for a higher delivery amount.
  • the invention is further developed provided that the conveyor fan is connected to a battery that stores such a reserve amount of energy that a contaminated air flow can be conveyed through the adsorber until the adsorber is fully loaded without using external energy.
  • the adsorber is equipped with a latent heat storage device which can absorb the heat of adsorption in the event of rapid loading with refrigerant.
  • the adsorber is arranged inside the housing or outside the housing. In the case of an arrangement outside the housing, sufficient fire protection must be ensured, since activated carbon loaded with propane, for example, is flammable. This applies analogously to other flammable working fluids and adsorbents. It is provided here that the adsorber is provided with an intumescent coating which, in the event of an external fire, protects the adsorber from the effects of heat and thus reliably prevents desorption of the stored refrigerant or damage to the adsorber.
  • the adsorber is designed as an exchangeable cartridge, this is particularly preferable if the adsorber is arranged inside the housing.
  • the housing is designed as a cone in the lower part. Falling propane can be extracted more selectively if the housing and its internals make circulation and diffusion difficult.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a refrigeration circuit 1 with a compressor 2, a condenser 3, a pressure reduction 4 and an evaporator 5 in a closed housing 6.
  • the housing 6 has a heat source connection 7, a heat source flow 8, a heat sink flow 9 and a heat sink connection 10.
  • the cooling circuit 1 is operated with the flammable working fluid propane, which is also known under the name R290. Propane is heavier than air, so if there is a leak in the refrigeration circuit 1, it tends to sink downwards in the housing 6.
  • the underside of the housing 6 is designed as a collecting funnel 11.
  • This collecting funnel 11 does not have to be an axially symmetrical structure or structurally flat walls, it is only necessary that the gas can sink down to a deepest point without turbulence.
  • a ventilation outlet 12 is provided there, from which the air / propane mixture that may be present can be drawn off.
  • this ventilation outlet is equipped with corresponding shut-off devices (not shown here) and is usually connected with a flexible hose which is connected to the adsorber connection 13 of the adsorber 14.
  • the ventilation outlet 12 is designed such that no or only known and constant forces act on the adsorber connection.
  • the adsorber 14 is typically double-walled.
  • the incoming propane-air mixture is first led to one end in the outer space, where a flow deflection 15 takes place.
  • the propane-air mixture then enters the fixed adsorber bed 16 and flows through it in the opposite direction.
  • the propane is deposited on the fixed adsorber bed, which can be designed as an activated carbon honeycomb body.
  • the separated propane leads to a slight weight gain at the point of separation due to the loading of the adsorber fixed bed.
  • the measuring lever is typically a thin-walled, flexible piece of pipe, preferably made of a rectangular profile.
  • Strain gauges 19 are attached to the upper side thereof, which provide a signal proportional to this deflection when deflected.
  • the increase in weight of the fixed adsorber bed 16 thus provides an indication of a leak, the rate of increase in weight an indication of the size of the leak.
  • the adsorption reduces the propane content in the air, which prevents the propane-air mixture from igniting, which is an advantage of this method of leak detection.
  • the measuring lever 18 is fixed to a connection box 20, which in turn has a fixed bearing for vertical forces 21 and a fixed bearing for horizontal forces 22.
  • the two fixed bearings are protected against vibrations and absorb the forces of the adsorber 14.
  • Strain gauges that measure torsion can also be provided in the connection box.
  • the fan 23 for the return line 24 is provided above the connection box and returns the cleaned air into the ventilation inlet 25 on the top side into the housing 6.
  • the entire adsorption and measuring device can be enclosed by its own housing 26, which is equipped with a fire protection lining 27.
  • This Fire protection lining 27 can be, for example, an intumescent coating that foams up in the case of an external heat source and shields the contents from the effects of heat for a while. Together with the double-walled design of the adsorber 14, it can thus be prevented in the event of a fire that the loaded adsorber fixed bed 16 ignites, which is a further advantage of this method.
  • Fig. 1 For representation in Fig. 1 it should be noted that it is not a true-to-scale representation. Depending on how much propane is to be separated or whether further measures are to be taken to secure it, the entire adsorption device can be built relatively compactly and typically takes up a volume of one to six liters if a propane quantity of approximately 50 grams is to be separable.
  • Fig. 2 shows a simplified representation for a construction of the adsorber within the housing 6.
  • the adsorber 28 can be designed without double walls and it also requires neither its own fire protection nor a flow deflection. Instead, there is an intake opening 29 in the vicinity of the lowest point of the housing and the propane / air mixture which is drawn off is introduced directly into the fixed adsorber bed 16 via flow straightener 30.
  • the following structure is the in Fig. 1 the same, only the conveyor fan 23 vented directly into the interior of the housing.
  • Fig. 3 shows a section through the measuring lever 18 and on the strain gauges 19 mounted thereon. As the measuring lever is subjected to bending, the strain gauge expands and emits a corresponding signal. Since the temperature can be different, the strain gauge should be temperature compensated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Examining Or Testing Airtightness (AREA)
EP18200683.3A 2017-11-16 2018-10-16 Vorrichtung zur leckageerkennung mittels adsorber Active EP3486582B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL18200683T PL3486582T3 (pl) 2017-11-16 2018-10-16 Urządzenie do wykrywania nieszczelności z użyciem adsorbera
HRP20201026TT HRP20201026T1 (hr) 2017-11-16 2020-06-29 Uređaj za detektiranje istjecanja uz pomoć adsorbera

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017126952.5A DE102017126952A1 (de) 2017-11-16 2017-11-16 Leckageerkennung mittels Adsorber

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3486582A1 EP3486582A1 (de) 2019-05-22
EP3486582B1 true EP3486582B1 (de) 2020-04-08

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EP18200683.3A Active EP3486582B1 (de) 2017-11-16 2018-10-16 Vorrichtung zur leckageerkennung mittels adsorber

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3486582B1 (pl)
DE (1) DE102017126952A1 (pl)
DK (1) DK3486582T3 (pl)
ES (1) ES2804267T3 (pl)
HR (1) HRP20201026T1 (pl)
PL (1) PL3486582T3 (pl)
PT (1) PT3486582T (pl)

Cited By (1)

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RU2843760C1 (ru) * 2024-12-12 2025-07-18 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский университет "МЭИ" (ФГБОУ ВО "НИУ "МЭИ") Сорбционная установка для устранения газовых утечек в силовых установках

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DE102019001531A1 (de) * 2019-03-07 2020-09-10 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmepumpenvorrichtung und Regelsystem für Membran-Ausdehnungsgefäße
DE102019001634A1 (de) * 2019-03-08 2020-09-10 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Wärmepumpe
DE102019004588A1 (de) * 2019-07-04 2021-01-07 Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co. Kg Sole-Wärmepumpe
DE102019119243A1 (de) * 2019-07-16 2021-01-21 Vaillant Gmbh Sicherheitsablass einer Wärmepumpenaußeneinheit
DE102019119229A1 (de) * 2019-07-16 2021-01-21 Vaillant Gmbh Sicherheitsablass einer Wärmepumpenaußeneinheit
DE102019120848A1 (de) * 2019-08-01 2021-02-04 Vaillant Gmbh Beladungsmessverfahren und Vorrichtung
US11231198B2 (en) 2019-09-05 2022-01-25 Trane International Inc. Systems and methods for refrigerant leak detection in a climate control system
DE102019124531A1 (de) * 2019-09-12 2021-03-18 Vaillant Gmbh Sicherheitsspülvorrichtung für eine Wärmepumpe
DE102021102722A1 (de) 2021-02-05 2022-08-11 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Anordnung zur Feststellung von Kältemittelleckagen in einem Kältekreislauf, der in einem geschlossenen Gehäuse angeordnet ist
DE102021213213A1 (de) 2021-11-24 2023-05-25 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Wärmepumpenmodul mit Explosionsschutzvorrichtung
DE102021214715A1 (de) 2021-12-20 2023-06-22 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Wärmepumpenvorrichtung und Auffangeinheit für die Wärmepumpenvorrichtung
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EP4336119B1 (de) * 2022-09-09 2026-03-25 Vaillant GmbH Feuchtemanagement und kondensatableitung für ein wärmepumpengehäuse
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
HRP20201026T1 (hr) 2021-01-08
EP3486582A1 (de) 2019-05-22
DK3486582T3 (da) 2020-07-13
ES2804267T3 (es) 2021-02-05
PT3486582T (pt) 2020-07-13
PL3486582T3 (pl) 2020-09-07
DE102017126952A1 (de) 2019-05-16

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