EP3486001B1 - Installation de coulée de brames minces pourvue de tête de machine interchangeable - Google Patents

Installation de coulée de brames minces pourvue de tête de machine interchangeable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3486001B1
EP3486001B1 EP18206026.9A EP18206026A EP3486001B1 EP 3486001 B1 EP3486001 B1 EP 3486001B1 EP 18206026 A EP18206026 A EP 18206026A EP 3486001 B1 EP3486001 B1 EP 3486001B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
machine head
casting
segment
continuous casting
strip
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EP18206026.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3486001A1 (fr
Inventor
Luc Neumann
Otmar Jannasch
Frank Seuffert
Jürgen Müller
Markus Reifferscheid
Ina HÜLLEN
Lothar Fischer
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SMS Group GmbH
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SMS Group GmbH
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Publication of EP3486001A1 publication Critical patent/EP3486001A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/0408—Moulds for casting thin slabs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine head group for a continuous casting plant for the continuous casting of semi-finished products, preferably slabs or thin slabs for the production of flat products from steel, further to a continuous casting plant which has such a machine head group, and a method for the continuous casting of semi-finished products for the production of flat products.
  • liquid metal such as a molten steel
  • a molten steel is usually fed from a ladle via a distributor channel through a dip tube made of refractory material to a mold.
  • the mold defines the rectangular cross section of the later slab or thin slab from the molten steel.
  • the strand which has not yet solidified emerges from the mold and is then initially guided downward by means of a strand guide, while it gradually cools and solidifies from the outside inwards. If the casting strand is deflected by the strand guide along an arc, straightened and then transported horizontally, the system is referred to as a "vertical bending system".
  • the strand guide especially in the bending area, is usually made up of several construction-like segments.
  • the segments have rollers which are arranged in pairs and are partially driven in order to transport and guide the strand in a conveying direction. It is possible to reduce the thickness of the slab or thin slab with a liquid core, for example via "liquid core reduction".
  • the segments of the strand guide are preferably designed to be adjustable. During transport through the strand guide, the strand is directly cooled by means of secondary cooling cooled by either water or a water / air mixture, causing it to solidify from the outside in.
  • Continuous casting plants of the type described above are for example in the DE 10 2015 210 865 A1 and DE 10 2015 215 187 A1 described.
  • the mold Due to the high temperature and properties of the liquid steel in combination with the partially liquid casting powder, the mold is subjected to high thermal, abrasive and chemical stress. It is therefore a component that is subject to wear and has to be reworked or replaced regularly. For example, they are concerned with replacing the mold in continuous casting plants DE 27 29 457 A1 and WO 97/44150 A1 .
  • the WO 97/44150 A1 a solution for long products (billet or blooms).
  • the WO 97/44150 A1 the production of different dimensions.
  • Thin slab plants are equipped with a hopper mold as a machine head.
  • a funnel mold with dip tube is in the DE 197 10 791 C2 described. The funnel is provided when pouring thin slabs, so that the immersion tube that feeds the molten metal to the mold has enough space.
  • Peritectically solidifying and other crack-critical steel grades have the special feature that the strand shell, which has already solidified in the mold, but undergoes a volume jump (shrinkage by approximately 0.5%) due to a phase change (from delta ferrite to austenite). This creates tensile stresses that can lead to cracks and breakthroughs more often than with other types of steel. Peritectic or other crack sensitive Steel grades are therefore difficult to cast on thin slab lines with a funnel mold in an operational and quality-safe manner. For this reason, according to the current state of the art, two casting machines are required to cover the entire range of steel grades to the extent described above.
  • the DE 39 09 900 A1 describes a continuous casting mold for casting steel strip.
  • the continuous casting mold can be designed with continuously parallel broad side walls or with funnel-shaped wide side walls in the pouring area and parallel in the remaining area.
  • An object of the invention is to improve the operational reliability during casting and / or to improve the surface quality of continuously cast semi-finished products, preferably slabs or thin slabs for the manufacture of flat products from steel, and / or to increase the flexibility of a continuous casting installation, in particular with regard to the variety of castable steel types and / or castable formats improve; this is preferably done in a technically simple and / or retrofittable and / or inexpensive manner.
  • the machine head group according to the invention is set up for a continuous casting plant for the continuous casting of semi-finished products in the metallurgical field. Poured are strand-shaped products made of a metal, in particular a metal alloy, preferably thin slabs or slabs made of steel.
  • the machine head group comprises at least a first machine head and a second machine head. It should be pointed out that the terms “first” and “second” do not convey any order or sequence or the like, but only serve to linguistically differentiate the relevant components or features.
  • the first machine head is equipped with a funnel mold.
  • a funnel mold is a mold with tapered walls, ie with a conical or frustoconical shape, preferably made of copper or a copper alloy, which can be coated.
  • the funnel mold is set up in order to discharge the strand, preferably downwards (seen in the direction of gravity).
  • the melt to be cast is fed to the mold and brought into the desired strand or slab shape by the mold by the strand which has not yet solidified emerging from a correspondingly shaped outlet opening of the mold.
  • the funnel is provided when pouring thin slabs, so that the immersion tube that feeds the molten metal to the mold has enough space.
  • a mold section with a rectangular casting cross section can be located below the funnel, preferably in the region of the outlet opening of the mold.
  • the first machine head preferably also has a first machine head segment with a plurality of rollers arranged in pairs, which can be partially driven, for transporting the strand-shaped product.
  • the first machine head segment adjoins the funnel mold as seen in the conveying direction of the strand-shaped product.
  • the rollers of the first machine head segment arranged in pairs each form a gap and, overall, a gap passage through which the strand-shaped product passes in the conveying direction.
  • the funnel mold and the first machine head segment are preferably adapted to one another and / or combined with one another in such a way that the first machine head forms a module which can be installed and exchanged as a structural unit in the continuous casting installation.
  • the second machine head has a mold, which is provided with a section of constant casting cross section along the conveying direction.
  • the mold preferably has plane-parallel walls, for example made of copper, or a copper alloy that can be coated.
  • the mold of the second machine head is set up to discharge the strand, preferably downwards (seen in the direction of gravity).
  • the melt to be cast is fed to the mold and brought into the desired strand or slab shape by the mold, in that the strand which has not yet solidified is discharged from the correspondingly shaped outlet opening of the mold.
  • This mold preferably has a rectangular cross section in the casting direction over the entire length.
  • the second machine head preferably also has a second machine head segment with a plurality of rollers arranged in pairs, which can be partially driven, for transporting the strand-shaped product.
  • the second machine head segment adjoins the mold as seen in the conveying direction of the strand-shaped product.
  • the rollers of the second machine head segment arranged in pairs likewise each form a gap and, overall, a gap passage through which the strand-like product passes in the conveying direction.
  • the mold of the second machine head and the second machine head segment are preferably matched to one another and / or combined with one another in such a way that the second machine head forms a module which can be installed and exchanged as a structural unit in the continuous casting installation.
  • Both machine heads are designed to be interchangeable so that the entire quality and thickness range can be cast reliably and in a reliable manner.
  • the machine head group obtained in this way enables an improvement of the surface quality and operational safety when casting difficult types of steel.
  • the machine head group enables the casting of both peritectically solidifying and non-peritectically solidifying steel grades.
  • casting can be carried out with the second machine head.
  • the use of mold plates without a funnel results in a low-stress formation of the strand shell, so that the formation of an error-free one Favor surface.
  • This special design of the machine head enables the use of a thin slab system even for thick slabs without having to adapt the layout of the entire machine.
  • a continuous caster equipped with the machine head group shown allows a large variety of steel grades and a large range of thicknesses, which saves installation space and costs by dispensing with the acquisition and operation of two continuous caster systems that would otherwise be necessary to meet the required requirements To represent steel grades and thickness range.
  • the casting of the strand-like product by means of the second machine head is preferably carried out at a lower casting speed due to the thickness of the casting than the casting of the strand-like product by means of the first machine head.
  • the surface quality and operational reliability when casting peritectic or crack-critical steel grades can be further improved in this way.
  • the mold of the second machine head preferably has two opposite broad sides and two opposite narrow sides, each of which is formed by plane-parallel plates, preferably made of copper or a copper alloy, which can be coated.
  • the rollers of the first machine head segment and / or of the second machine head segment are preferably arranged such that they can be adjusted such that the strand-shaped product in the corresponding machine head segment is reduced in thickness during transport.
  • the rolls in question are arranged or adjustable in such a way that the thickness of the strand emerging from the mold in the associated machine head segment is reduced during the regular casting process. Work this way the mold and the associated machine head segment together in order to be able to realize a larger thickness range with a continuous caster originally designed for thin slabs.
  • the system can be made more compact overall, since part of the reduction in thickness already takes place in the machine head segment and any rolling mill for reducing the thickness after solidification can consequently be designed to be smaller.
  • the structure of the first machine head segment and the structure of the second machine head segment preferably differ.
  • the rollers of the first machine head segment arranged in pairs form a first gap and the rollers of the second machine head segment arranged in pairs form a second gap, with the width (ie the intended dimension of the narrow side of the strand-shaped product) preferably decreasing in the conveying direction of at least the second gap ; the widths of both the first and the second gap passage decrease particularly preferably, the degree of decrease of the second gap passage being smaller than that of the first gap passage.
  • Peritectically solidifying or generally crack-critical steel grades are preferably cast using the second machine head. In order to keep the strand shell low in tension even after leaving the mold, the degree of decrease in the second gap is preferably low, which favors the formation of a flawless surface.
  • the roll diameters and / or roll spacings of rolls of the segments and / or machine head segments are preferably optimized for the thickness range and / or casting speed range that can be cast by means of the first machine head and the second machine head. This ensures optimal support of the strand both for the entire thickness range and for the large casting speed range and thus the temperature range of the slab, as a result of which strand shell faults can be suppressed. It is Pay particular attention to the requirements resulting from the wide range of steel grades with different solidification and ductility characteristics, taking into account the strand dimensions.
  • the optimization thus differs from a conventional design, which is directed either to one end of the range shown (high casting speeds and small thicknesses resulting in rapid solidification) or the other end of the range shown (large thicknesses and low casting speeds).
  • the role plan is designed in such a way that the entire area is taken into account.
  • the first machine head is preferably set up to cast strand-like products with a casting thickness of up to 120 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 50 mm to 120 mm; and the second machine head is preferably set up to cast strand-shaped products with a casting thickness of up to 200 mm, particularly preferably in the range from 120 mm to 170 mm.
  • the use of a mold type with larger dimensions is provided for the production of crack-critical steel types, because this has no funnel, which can have an unfavorable effect when casting crack-critical steel types.
  • the first machine head and the second machine head preferably have identical or similar components - such as housings, housing parts, fasteners, etc. - so that they interact in a modular manner with the continuous casting installation. This means that the machine head change can be carried out quickly in order to be able to integrate a machine head change into production planning without delay.
  • the continuous caster according to the invention is used to cast strand-like products, preferably steel slabs, and has a machine head group as described above.
  • the continuous casting plant is preferably a thin slab plant, i. H. a continuous caster that was originally designed for casting thicknesses up to 120 mm.
  • the use of the machine head group set out above thus enables a technically elegant retrofit of a thin slab plant in such a way that formats up to 200 mm casting thickness and / or difficult types of steel can be realized with the plant due to the design of the funnel, which is not necessary due to the design.
  • the Figure 1 shows schematically a continuous casting plant 1, which is primarily designed and set up as a thin slab plant.
  • the continuous caster 1 has at least two machine heads 2a, 2b (described in detail below) and a plurality of segments 3.
  • the segments 3 are identical or similar and together form a modular strand guide.
  • the strand issued vertically downwards from an installed machine head 2a or 2b (cf. Figures 2 and 3rd ), reaches a bending area, formed by the segments 3, where it is subjected to bending forces on the one hand and is transported in the conveying direction F on the other. This is done by means of rollers 31 arranged in pairs and partially driven.
  • One or more segments 3 should be adjustable to map the large thickness range, thereby defining the thickness of the gap passage formed by the rollers 31. In particular, the thickness of the gap can decrease in the conveying direction, as exemplified for the upper segment 3 (ie the first segment seen in the conveying direction F) in the Figures 1 to 3 is shown.
  • the adjustability can be realized hydraulically, electrically or in another way will.
  • the relevant segment 3 can have one or more electrical connections and / or media connections 32, such as hydraulic connections.
  • the strand is actively cooled by a secondary cooling, not shown, whereby it gradually solidifies from the outside in.
  • the continuous caster is designed as a "vertical turning system".
  • the strand guidance can also be carried out in another way, for example in the form of a vertical casting machine or a circular arc casting machine.
  • each machine head 2a, 2b has a mold 21a, 21b and a machine head segment 22a, 22b.
  • the mold 21a is designed as a funnel mold which, together with the machine head segment 22a, forms a module-like component or structural unit as a first segment for strand guidance.
  • the funnel mold 21a and the machine head segment 22a are matched to one another, so that the critical transition between the mold and the upper region of the strand guide does not have to be readjusted after a machine head change.
  • the mold 21b preferably designed as a mold with plane-parallel broad side plates, forms a module-like component or structural unit with the machine head segment 22b as a first segment for strand guidance.
  • the mold 21b is preferably a mold made of copper plates (or plates of a copper alloy that can be coated), with plane-parallel plates on the broad sides and likewise plane-parallel plates on the narrow sides, which are adapted to a comparatively high casting thickness of, for example, 150 mm.
  • the mold 21b and the machine head segment 22b are matched to one another, so that the critical transition between the mold and the upper region of the strand guide does not have to be readjusted after a machine head change. This enables the machine heads 22a and 22b to be replaced quickly and easily.
  • the machine head segments 22a and 22b can be designed so that the gap passage formed by the rollers 23a and 23b can be adjusted.
  • the thickness of the gap can decrease in the conveying direction, on the one hand to compensate for the thermal shrinkage and on the other hand to achieve an improvement in the internal quality, as is the case, for example, and in different forms for the two machine head segments 22a and 22b of FIG Figures 1 to 3 is shown.
  • the adjustability can be realized hydraulically, electrically or in another way.
  • the relevant machine head segment 22a, 22b can have one or more media connections 24a, 24b, for example hydraulic connections.
  • the mold opening dimension of the funnel mold 21a is approximately 100 to 120 mm, with which a slab thickness of approximately 120 to 80 mm can be realized.
  • the mold 21b preferably has a mold opening dimension of approximately 150 mm.
  • the continuous caster 1 with installed machine head 2a which has the funnel mold 21a, is suitable for casting thin slabs from non-peritectically solidifying steel grades in a casting thickness range from 50 to 120 mm.
  • the machine head 2a can now according to the in the Figures 1 to 3 shown embodiment can be replaced by the machine head 2b with plane-parallel plates on the broad sides and narrow sides adapted to the new casting thickness.
  • the associated machine head segments 22a and 22b are replaced. Since the molds 21a, 21b and the associated machine head segments 22a, 22b each form a module, the changing process, shown in FIGS Figures 2 and 3rd , can be shortened approximately to the time of a regular machine head change without attached segments.
  • the thin slab system 1 described with the two machine heads 2a and 2b enables an improvement in the surface quality and operational reliability when casting crack-critical steel types and / or casting thicknesses in the range of 150 mm.
  • the casting with the machine head 2b is preferably carried out at lower casting speeds than with thin slab casting with the machine head 2a.
  • a quick-change device can be provided for the last horizontal segments, so that these can be changed quickly against "dummy" segments at the same time, in order to accommodate changed solidification lengths.
  • the casting thickness is increased to up to 150 mm in order to minimize the tensions during the formation of the strand shell without funnel-shaped mold 21b and to support the low casting speeds.
  • This compensation mechanism enables the thin slab system to be used even for thick slabs without having to adjust the layout of the entire machine.
  • the continuous caster 1 allows a large variety of steel types and a large casting thickness range, whereby construction space and costs can be saved by dispensing with the acquisition and operation of two continuous caster systems that would otherwise be necessary to represent the required steel types and thickness range.
  • FIGS Figures 5 and 6 The process of changing the machine heads 2a and 2b is shown in FIGS Figures 5 and 6 shown. Since the machine heads 2a and 2b are formed by the respective molds 21a and 21b without these having to be individually adapted machine head segments, it is particularly preferred in the context of the second embodiment that at least the first segment 3 of the strand guide (viewed in the conveying direction F) can be adjusted, as a result of which the gap passage formed by the rollers 23a and 23b quickly and reliably to the current mold 21a , 21b can be adjusted. In the present example, two segments 3 are even provided so that they can be adjusted.
  • the adjustability can be realized hydraulically, electrically or in another way.
  • the relevant segment 3 can have one or more actuators with corresponding electrical connections and / or media connections 32, for example hydraulic connections.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Groupe de têtes de machines pour une installation de coulée continue (1) destinée à la coulée continue de produits semi-finis, de préférence de brames ou de brames minces pour la fabrication de produits plats en acier ; dans lequel le groupe de têtes de machines comprend au moins une première tête de machine (2a) et une deuxième tête de machine (2b), la première tête de machine (2a) présente une lingotière (21a) possédant une configuration en forme d'entonnoir et la deuxième tête de machine (2b) présente une lingotière (21b) comprenant un tronçon de section transversale de coulée constante dans la direction de transport (F) du produit en forme de barre ;
    dans lequel la première tête de machine (2a) et la deuxième tête de machine (2b) sont réalisées pour pouvoir être échangées l'une contre l'autre dans l'installation de coulée continue (1).
  2. Groupe de têtes de machines selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la lingotière (21b) présente deux grands côtés opposés et deux petits côtés opposés, qui sont réalisés respectivement par l'intermédiaire de plaques à faces planes et parallèles, de préférence en cuivre ou en un alliage à base de cuivre, qui peut être enduit.
  3. Groupe de têtes de machines selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la première tête de machine (2a) présente un premier segment de tête de machine (22a) qui vient se raccorder à la lingotière (21a) possédant une configuration en forme d'entonnoir dans la direction de transport (F) du produit en forme de barre, le segment en question comprenant plusieurs rouleaux (23a) disposés par paires pour le transport du produit en forme de barre ; et/ou
    la deuxième tête de machine (2b) présente un deuxième segment de tête de machine (22b) qui vient se raccorder à la lingotière (21 b) dans la direction de transport (F) du produit en forme de barre, le segment en question comprenant plusieurs rouleaux (23b) disposés par paires pour le transport du produit en forme de barre.
  4. Groupe de têtes de machines selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les rouleaux (23a, 23b) du premier segment de tête de machine (22a) et/ou du deuxième segment de tête de machine (22b) sont disposés, de préférence peuvent être déplacés, d'une manière telle que l'on peut envisager une réduction de l'épaisseur du produit en forme de barre dans le segment de tête de machine correspondant.
  5. Groupe de têtes de machines selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que la structure du premier segment de tête de machine (22a) et la structure du deuxième segment de tête de machine (22b) diffèrent.
  6. Groupe de têtes de machines selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les rouleaux disposés par paires (23a) du premier segment de tête de machine (22a) forment un premier passage en forme de fente et les rouleaux disposés par paires (23b) du deuxième segment de tête de machine (22b) forment un deuxième passage en forme de fente, l'épaisseur de la fente, au moins du deuxième passage en forme de fente, diminuant dans la direction de transport (F) ; de préférence, les épaisseurs de fente, aussi bien du premier que du deuxième passage en forme de fente, diminuent, le degré de diminution du deuxième passage en forme de fente étant inférieur à celui du premier passage en forme de fente.
  7. Groupe de têtes de machines selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première tête de machine (2a) est conçue pour la coulée de produits en forme de barre possédant une épaisseur de coulage s'élevant jusqu'à 120 mm, de préférence dans la plage de 50 mm à 120 mm et la deuxième tête de machine (2b) est conçue pour la coulée de produits en forme de barre possédant une épaisseur de coulage s'élevant jusqu'à 200 mm, de préférence dans la plage de 120 mm à 170 mm.
  8. Groupe de têtes de machines selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la première tête de machine (2a) et la deuxième tête de machine (2b) présentent des composants de structure identique ou de structure analogue, par exemple des logements, des éléments de logements et/ou des moyens de fixation, d'une manière telle qu'elles peuvent coopérer d'une manière modulaire avec une installation de coulée continue (1).
  9. Installation de coulée continue (1) destinée à la coulée continue de produits semi-finis, de préférence de brames ou de brames minces pour la fabrication de produits plats en acier, qui présente un groupe de têtes de machines selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
  10. Installation de coulée continue (1) selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce qu'il s'agit d'une installation de production de brames minces.
  11. Installation de coulée continue (1) selon la revendication 9 ou 10, caractérisée en ce que ladite installation présente un ou plusieurs segments (3) comprenant plusieurs rouleaux disposés par paires (31), qui est de préférence sont partiellement entraînés, destinés au transport du produit en forme de barre ; dans lequel des rouleaux (31) au moins du premier segment (3), peuvent être déplacés, lorsqu'on regarde dans la direction de transport (F).
  12. Installation de coulée continue (1) selon la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que le diamètre des rouleaux et/ou les distances entre les rouleaux pour la plage totale des épaisseurs et/ou pour la plage totale des vitesses de coulée sont optimisés.
  13. Procédé pour la coulée continue de produits semi-finis, de préférence de brames ou de brame minces, pour la fabrication de produits plats en acier, qui est mis en oeuvre au moyen d'une installation de coulée continue (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 12.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la coulée du produit en forme de barre est mise en oeuvre au moyen de la deuxième tête de machine (2b) avec une vitesse de coulée inférieure à celle de la coulée du produit en forme de barre au moyen de la première tête de machine (2b).
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que, avant la coulée, on procède à une optimisation du diamètre des rouleaux et/ou des distances entre les rouleaux des segments (3) et/ou des segments de tête de machine (22a, 22b) pour la plage d'épaisseurs et/ou pour la plage des vitesses de coulée que l'on peut envisager pour la coulée au moyen de la première tête de machine (2a) et de la deuxième tête de machine (2b).
EP18206026.9A 2017-11-17 2018-11-13 Installation de coulée de brames minces pourvue de tête de machine interchangeable Active EP3486001B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017220616.0A DE102017220616A1 (de) 2017-11-17 2017-11-17 Dünnbrammengießanlage mit wechselbarem Maschinenkopf

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EP3486001A1 EP3486001A1 (fr) 2019-05-22
EP3486001B1 true EP3486001B1 (fr) 2020-04-01

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Family Cites Families (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT347057B (de) 1976-07-08 1978-12-11 Voest Ag Stranggiessanlage
DE3627991A1 (de) * 1986-08-18 1988-02-25 Mannesmann Ag Verfahren zum stranggiessen von brammen und einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
DE3909900A1 (de) * 1989-03-25 1990-10-18 Thyssen Stahl Ag Stranggiesskokille zum giessen von stahlband
DE19529931C1 (de) * 1995-08-02 1997-04-03 Mannesmann Ag Plattenkokille zur Erzeugung von Strängen aus Stahl
AT404808B (de) 1996-05-20 1999-03-25 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Stranggiessanlage
DE19710791C2 (de) 1997-03-17 2000-01-20 Schloemann Siemag Ag Zueinander optimierte Formen der Stranggießkokille und des Tauchausgusses zum Gießen von Brammen aus Stahl
DE102015210865A1 (de) 2015-05-06 2016-11-10 Sms Group Gmbh Gieß-Walz-Anlage und Verfahren zu deren Betrieb
DE102015215187A1 (de) 2015-08-10 2017-02-16 Sms Group Gmbh Schmelzmetallurgische Anlage, umfassend eine Kokille

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
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EP3486001A1 (fr) 2019-05-22

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