EP3469388A1 - SENSORVORRICHTUNG, VERFAHREN ZUM KALIBRIEREN EINER SENSORVORRICHTUNG UND VERFAHREN ZUM ERFASSEN EINER MESSGRÖßE - Google Patents
SENSORVORRICHTUNG, VERFAHREN ZUM KALIBRIEREN EINER SENSORVORRICHTUNG UND VERFAHREN ZUM ERFASSEN EINER MESSGRÖßEInfo
- Publication number
- EP3469388A1 EP3469388A1 EP17722413.6A EP17722413A EP3469388A1 EP 3469388 A1 EP3469388 A1 EP 3469388A1 EP 17722413 A EP17722413 A EP 17722413A EP 3469388 A1 EP3469388 A1 EP 3469388A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- microwave
- magnetic field
- frequency
- crystal body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
- G01R33/02—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux
- G01R33/032—Measuring direction or magnitude of magnetic fields or magnetic flux using magneto-optic devices, e.g. Faraday or Cotton-Mouton effect
Definitions
- the invention is based on a device or a method according to the preamble of the independent claims.
- the subject of the present invention is also a computer program.
- NV Nitrogen Vacancy
- Microwave radiation a fluorescence of the same can be observed.
- a sensor device and a calibration and evaluation method based on a sensor device be provided on defects or lattice defects in a crystal.
- a function of at least one electric coil for generating a magnetic constant or alternating field can be integrated into a sensor device by additionally applying an induction current to a microwave antenna.
- Microwave antenna can be used in particular in two ways, on the one hand for microwaves and the other for an internal magnetic field.
- the sensor device can be calibrated in an efficient manner, in particular during use or operation, and can be easily and accurately concluded from a fluorescence signal to a measured value.
- this fluorescence it is possible to provide sensitive and robust sensors for magnetic field, current, temperature, mechanical stresses, pressure and other measurands. Due to a high sensitivity of imperfections in
- Crystal lattices for example, already weak magnetic fields sufficient and therefore only small electrical currents may be necessary, which can lead to an energy-efficient method or sensor.
- an improvement of the calibration and evaluation method can thus be achieved in particular.
- a sensor device which has the following features: a crystal body with at least one defect; a light source for irradiating the crystal body with excitation light; at least one microwave antenna for exposing the crystal body to microwaves; a detection device for detecting at least one signal characteristic of a fluorescence signal from the crystal body; and a applying device, which is designed to apply a microwave signal for generating the microwaves and a magnetic field signal for generating an internal magnetic field, with which the crystal body can be acted upon, to the at least one microwave antenna.
- the sensor device can be designed to detect a measured variable.
- the measured variable may be, for example, an external magnetic field, an electrical current, a temperature, a mechanical stress, a pressure and additionally or alternatively another measured variable.
- the sensor device can be used, for example, as a battery current sensor and additionally or alternatively as
- Combustion chamber pressure sensor as a combined pressure sensor and geomagnetic field sensor, used as a power line detector or the like.
- Mooring device can be connected or connected signal transmitting capable with the at least one microwave antenna.
- the crystal body may be, for example, diamond, silicon carbide (SiC) or hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN).
- a defect may be a nitrogen defect in a diamond, a silicon defect in silicon carbide, or a vacancy color center in hexagonal boron nitride.
- a defect can be a lattice defect in a lattice structure of the
- the detection device can be designed to optically and / or electrically detect the at least one signal property of the fluorescence signal from the crystal body.
- the at least one signal property of the fluorescence signal from the crystal body may be a light intensity.
- the detection device can be designed to provide the at least one
- the sensor device may include a
- control unit can be connected to or connected to the light source, with the at least one microwave antenna, with the detection device and with the application device.
- the control unit can be connected to or connected to the light source, with the at least one microwave antenna, with the detection device and with the application device.
- the sensor device can at least one electric coil for
- the at least one further internal magnetic field can have a further field direction, which differs from a field direction of the internal magnetic field
- Such an embodiment offers the advantage that, due to an alignment of defects along the crystal directions in the crystal body, for example, a direction of an external magnetic field can also be determined by a shift of fluorescence minima belonging to these directions.
- the application device can be a microwave source, a
- the power source may be configured to be as
- Magnetic field signal to inject a direct current or an alternating current into the at least one microwave antenna.
- Such an embodiment offers the advantage that the diamond can be acted upon by the at least one microwave antenna in a simple, reliable, efficient and accurate manner both with microwaves and with the internal magnetic field.
- a method for calibrating a sensor device comprises a crystal body with at least one defect, a light source for irradiating the crystal body with excitation light, at least one microwave antenna for exposing the crystal body to microwaves, and a detection device for detecting at least one signal property of a fluorescence signal the crystal body, wherein the method comprises at least the following steps:
- At least one microwave antenna Applying a magnetic field signal for generating an internal magnetic field, with which the crystal body can be acted upon, to the at least one
- This method can be implemented, for example, in software or hardware or in a mixed form of software and hardware, for example in a control unit.
- the method can be carried out using or in
- Sensor device are advantageously carried out to calibrate the sensor device.
- the method by means of the induced magnetic field, it is possible to carry out, for example, regular, calibration with regard to sensitivity as well as directional dependence of the sensor device during operation.
- a microwave frequency may be chosen in which a variation of the
- Fluorescence signal is observable depending on the internal magnetic field.
- the predetermined signal property may represent a minimum of the light intensity.
- the method may comprise a step of determining at least one reference frequency at which a reference signal property occurs in the frequency spectrum using the fluorescence signal.
- the step of determining may be performed before the step of applying the magnetic field signal. It can be in the step of
- Reference frequency and the at least one microwave frequency can be calculated under the influence of the internal magnetic field.
- Such an embodiment offers the advantage that interference by, for example, an external
- Magnetic field can be considered to allow accurate calibration. Further, in the step of applying the magnetic field signal, a magnetic field signal suitable for generating a periodically varying internal magnetic field may be applied. Such an embodiment offers the advantage that during the calibration in a simple manner a change in the
- Fluorescence signal is filtered out, which varies with the known frequency of the periodically varying magnetic field. Thus, interference from external magnetic fields on the calibration can be minimized.
- a method for detecting a measured variable is also presented, wherein the method can be carried out in conjunction with a sensor device comprising a crystal body with at least one defect, a light source for
- a microwave antenna for exposing the crystal body to microwaves and detection means for detecting at least one signal characteristic of a fluorescence signal from the crystal body, the method having at least the following steps:
- This method can be used, for example, in software or hardware or in a
- Sensor device are advantageously carried out to detect at least one measured variable. A pursuit of a shift of the at least one
- ODMR Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance
- the measured quantity in the step of calculating, may be calculated using the calibration data generated according to an embodiment of the aforementioned method for calibration.
- Such an embodiment offers the advantage that a precise and reliable determination of the measured variable even under changing
- the method may also include a step of applying a magnetic field signal for generating an internal magnetic field, which can be acted upon by the crystal body, to the at least one microwave antenna in order to generate an internal magnetic field which periodically varies with an excitation frequency.
- a magnetic field signal for generating an internal magnetic field which can be acted upon by the crystal body
- the microwave signal can be adjusted until correlated with the excitation frequency and a predetermined signal property associated frequency component of the
- Fluorescence signal is maximum to find the new microwave frequency.
- Such an embodiment offers the advantage that a derivation of the measured value from the fluorescence spectrum can be simplified.
- Alternating field thereby the fluorescence signal are advantageously modulated.
- about the alternating magnetic field in one direction can be easily and reliably identified and adjusted via an alternating shift of the microwave frequency at which the at least one predetermined signal property can be detected, also spatial directions to which the at least one predetermined signal property reacts.
- Magnetic field signal to be applied to at least one further microwave antenna or to at least one electrical coil. It can do that
- Magnetic field signal and the at least one further magnetic field signal differ from each other with respect to a frequency or a phase.
- Such an embodiment offers the advantage that over an alternating
- Magnetic field with different frequencies or different phases in different spatial directions via an alternating shift of the microwave frequency at which the at least one predetermined signal property of the fluorescence can be detected, also spatial directions to which the at least one predetermined signal property reacts, can be easily and reliably identified and compared ,
- the method may include a step of varying the microwave signal to periodically vary a frequency of the microwaves at an excitation frequency about the particular microwave frequency.
- the step of adjusting the microwave signal can be adjusted until correlated with the excitation frequency and a predetermined
- the approach presented here also provides a control unit which is designed to implement the steps of a variant of a method presented here
- control unit can have at least one arithmetic unit for processing signals or data, at least one memory unit for storing signals or data, at least one interface to a sensor or an actuator for reading sensor signals from the sensor or for outputting control signals to the actuator and / or or at least one
- the arithmetic unit may be, for example, a signal processor, a microcontroller or the like, wherein the memory unit is a flash memory, an EPROM or a
- the magnetic storage unit can be.
- the communication interface can be designed to read or output data wirelessly and / or by line, wherein a communication interface that can read or output line-bound data, for example, electrically or optically read this data from a corresponding data transmission line or output in a corresponding data transmission line.
- a control device can be understood as meaning an electrical device which processes sensor signals and outputs control and / or data signals in dependence thereon.
- the control unit may have an interface, which may be formed in hardware and / or software. In a hardware training, the interfaces may for example be part of a so-called system ASICs, the various functions of the
- Control unit includes.
- the interfaces are their own integrated circuits or at least partially consist of discrete components.
- the interfaces may be software modules that are present, for example, on a microcontroller in addition to other software modules.
- control device is used to control a sensor device, more precisely the light source
- control unit can, for example, access the fluorescence signal from the detection device.
- the control unit can be designed to control the light source and the application device.
- a computer program product or computer program with program code which can be stored on a machine-readable carrier or storage medium such as a semiconductor memory, a hard disk memory or an optical memory and for carrying out, implementing and / or controlling the steps of the method according to one of the above
- ODM R Optically Detected Magnetic
- Crystal bodies are exploited to show fluorescence at a wavelength in the normal state under optical excitation. Is in addition to the optical
- the fluorescence at a certain frequency is broken, since in this case the electrons are raised to a higher energy level and recombine non-radiatively from there.
- the splitting of the energy level the so-called Zeeman Splitting, occurs, and the frequency of the fluorescence is shown by the frequency
- Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a nitrogen defect in a diamond lattice
- Figures 2 to 7 are energy schemes and diagrams of fluorescence characteristics according to embodiments
- FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a sensor device according to an embodiment
- Figures 9 and 10 are schematic representations of an induction of magnetic fields around a diamond according to embodiments.
- FIGS 11 to 13 are schematic representations and diagrams for
- FIG. 14 to 19 diagrams for fluorescence measurement with additional microwave excitation and magnetic field excitation according to a
- FIG. 20 is a flowchart of a method of calibration according to an embodiment
- 21 is a flow chart of a method of detecting according to an embodiment
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart of a measuring process according to FIG.
- Figures 23 to 28 are diagrams for fluorescence measurement with additional microwave excitation according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a nitrogen defect 105 in a diamond lattice 100 or diamond 100.
- the nitrogen defect 105 may also be referred to as a nitrogen vacancy center 105 or NV center 105.
- a carbon atom here is replaced by a nitrogen atom 110, wherein a directly adjacent carbon atom in the diamond lattice 100 is missing and thus the nitrogen defect 105 results.
- FIGS. 2 to 7 show energy schemes and diagrams
- FIG. 3 shows a diagram 300 of the energy scheme of FIG.
- Diagram 300 a microwave frequency in megahertz or MHz is plotted on the abscissa axis 302, and a fluorescence in arbitrary units is plotted on the ordinate axis 304, wherein an arrow 306 parallel to the ordinate axis 304 symbolizes a rising magnetic field B.
- four characteristic curves or graphs 310, 312, 314 and 316 are shown by way of example, which represent a fluorescence profile for magnetic fields of different strength.
- a third graph 314 represents a
- a fourth graph 360 represents a magnetic field of 8.3 mT.
- 4 shows a power scheme 400 with microwave excitation and without
- FIG. 5 shows a diagram 500 for the energy scheme from FIG. 4.
- Mark 520 is here in a range of a minimum or
- Fluorescence minimum of the first graph 310 is arranged.
- FIG. 6 shows a power scheme 600 with microwave excitation and with
- FIG. 7 shows a diagram 700 for the energy scheme from FIG. 6.
- the diagram 700 in FIG. 7 corresponds to the diagram from FIG. 3 or FIG. 5 with FIG.
- Microwave excitation or a microwave frequency are each in a range of a minimum or
- Fluorescence minimum of the second graph 312 arranged.
- a first marking 720 is arranged in the region of a first minimum ⁇ and a second marking 725 is arranged in the region of a second minimum 002.
- energy schemes and diagrams are shown with respect to an operation of a magnetic field measurement via a fluorescence measurement with additional microwave excitation or an example of a measurement of magnetic fields, with reference to FIGS. 2 to 7. Nitrogen defects in diamond exhibit that in the in
- Fig. 2 illustrated diagram or energy scheme 200 shown
- Microwaves and no magnetic field shows a nitrogen defect at optical excitation fluorescence at a wavelength of 630 nm. If one radiates in addition to the optical excitation by the excitation light 210 yet
- the method is also referred to as ODM R (Optically Detected Magnetic Resonance). If the agreement
- the level ms ⁇ l splits and there are two defined microwave frequencies at which the fluorescence decreases or minima are present.
- the frequency spacing is proportional to the magnetic field B.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic illustration of a sensor device 800 according to one exemplary embodiment.
- the sensor device 800 has according to the in Fig.
- a diamond 810 with at least one nitrogen defect illustrates a diamond 810 with at least one nitrogen defect, a light source 820 for irradiating the diamond 810 with excitation light 210 or for an optical excitation of the diamond 810, for example only a microwave antenna 830 for exposing the diamond 810 with microwaves or microwave radiation, a Detection device 840 for detecting a light intensity of a
- the diamond 810 is disposed between the light source 820 and the detection device 840.
- the optical filter 855 is disposed between the diamond 810 and the detector 850.
- the microwave antenna 830 is the
- Diamonds 810 arranged at least partially surrounding.
- Microwave antenna 830 is signal transmitting capable connected to the applying device 860 or the microwave source 870 and the power source 880.
- the applying device 860 is designed to transmit a microwave signal to the
- the controller 890 is signal transmitting with the light source 820, with the detection device 840, more precisely with the detector 850, and with the
- the controller 890 is configured to execute the calibration method or the like shown in FIG. 20, the detection method or the like shown in FIG. 21, and / or the measurement process shown in FIG. 22 or a similar measurement process.
- FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of a
- Diamond 810 is irradiated in operation of the sensor device 800 for excitation by the light source 820 and irradiated from the microwave source 870 via the light source 820
- Microwave antenna 830 charged with microwaves.
- the fluorescence signal 220 is separated from the excitation light 210 by the optical filter 855 and impinges on the detector 850 which applies a measurement of a light intensity to the light source Evaluation circuit 890 or passes on to the control unit 890.
- the controller 890 is configured to inter alia also the light source 820 and the
- the power source 880 is for controlling microwave source 870.
- the power source 880 is for controlling microwave source 870.
- the power source 880 is for controlling microwave source 870.
- FIG. 8 shows an exemplary configuration of the sensor device 800 based on NV centers in the diamond 810.
- the microwave source 880 is electrically connected to the microwave antenna 830, which is implemented in, for example, a wire having one or more turns around the diamond 810, and is designed to excite the nitrogen defects in the diamond 810 with microwaves.
- Coils or microwave antennas are used, such.
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of an induction of a magnetic field or internal magnetic field B mo d about a diamond 810 in accordance with FIG. 9
- FIG. 9 Shown here in FIG. 9 are the diamond 810 and the microwave antenna 830 of the sensor device of FIG. 8 or a similar sensor device, the internal magnetic field B mo d or magnetic field B mo d and a magnetic field signal Lod or additional current Lod or induction current Lod which is applied to the microwave antenna 830.
- FIG. 9 shows induction of the magnetic field B mo d about the diamond 810 by applying the additional current Lod to the microwave antenna 830.
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic representation of an induction of magnetic fields B y and B x around a diamond 810 according to one exemplary embodiment.
- FIG. 10 shows a generation of the magnetic fields B y and B x in two spatial directions by an arrangement of a plurality of coils 830 and 1030 or microwave antennas 830 and 1030.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 it should be noted that the
- Microwave antenna 830 is used to induce a magnetic field B mo d acting on the diamond 810. For this purpose is in the
- Microwave antenna 830 a DC or AC in the form of
- Induction current Lod imprinted which generates a corresponding magnetic field B mo d, as shown in Fig. 9.
- To magnetic fields B y and B x in more than 10 is intended to use more than one microwave antenna 830, as shown in FIG. 10 with reference to another microwave antenna 1030 or electrical coil 1030.
- Microwave antenna 830 used to generate an alternating magnetic field B mo d, influencing the AC power source used for this purpose (frequencies eg in the kHz range) and the microwave source (frequencies in the GHz range) by an electric filter, for. As a network of passive components can be prevented.
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic representation of the directional dependence of a fluorescence measurement according to an exemplary embodiment. Shown here are the diamond 810 and the microwave antenna 830 of the sensor device of FIG. 8 or a similar sensor device and an internal magnetic field B mo d, a measuring direction 1101 and symbolically an alignment 1102 of individual nitrogen defects at the four crystal directions in the diamond 810 11 shows an arrangement for determining a sensitivity of four ODMR minima or fluorescence minima, which are related to the four crystal directions in the diamond 810, on magnetic fields B mo d in the measuring direction 1101 by applying the internal magnetic field B mo d or a reference field B mo d, which is induced via the microwave antenna 830 or an electrical coil.
- FIG. 12 shows a diagram 1200 for the directional dependence of a
- the graph 1200 in FIG. 12 shows a light intensity 1204 of a fluorescence signal at the
- a second pair of ODMR minima 1212 relates on a second crystal direction of the diamond and shows a second
- a third pair of ODMR minima 1214 refers to a third crystal direction of the diamond and shows a third one
- a fourth pair of ODMR minima 1216 refers to a fourth crystal direction of the diamond and shows a fourth shift distance.
- the fourth shift distance is less than the third shift distance. Strictly speaking, the fourth is
- FIG. 13 shows a direction dependence diagram 1300
- the diagram 1300 in FIG. 13 shows a relative sensitivity 1304 with respect to four crystal directions in the measuring direction on the ordinate axis as a function of a crystal direction 1302 on the abscissa axis for the situation from FIG. 11 or FIG. 12.
- a first crystal direction is associated with a first bar 1310 having a first sensitivity value.
- a second crystal direction is associated with a second bar 1312 having a second sensitivity value. The second
- Sensitivity value is less than the first sensitivity value.
- Crystal direction is associated with a third bar 1314 having a third sensitivity value.
- the third sensitivity value is less than the second one
- a fourth crystal direction is associated with a fourth bar 1316 having the height and a fourth sensitivity value of zero, respectively.
- Figures 14 to 19 are diagrams for measuring fluorescence with additional microwave excitation and magnetic field excitation according to a
- the fluorescence measurement can be carried out using the sensor device illustrated in FIG. 8 or a similar sensor device or in conjunction with at least one of the methods from FIGS. 20 and 21.
- FIG. 14 shows a plot 1400 of an ODMR spectrum for various internally generated magnetic fields B mod as a function of a microwave frequency according to an embodiment.
- the abscissa axis 1402 plots a relative change in the microwave frequency in megahertz (MHz) and the ordinate axis 1404 plots an ODMR signal in arbitrary units.
- three graphs 1410, 1412, and 1414 are drawn.
- the three graphs 1410, 1412, and 1414 each exemplarily show only a minimum of the two minima generated by Zeeman splitting from FIGS. 2 to 7.
- the ODMR spectrum is locked to the minimum.
- a second graph 1412 represents a second ODMR signal at a
- Fig. 15 shows a signal-time diagram 1500 related to the ODMR spectrum of Fig. 14. More specifically, a temporal variation of one through a
- Microwave excitation On the abscissa axis 1502 here is the time in
- Seconds (s) multiplied by 10 "3 and plotted on the ordinate axis 1504 are signals in arbitrary units.
- 16 shows a diagram 1600 of a frequency spectrum
- the diagram 1600 shows a frequency spectrum of the signals of Fig. 15 in the case where the microwave frequency is determined by an external magnetic field
- the abscissa axis 1602 plots a frequency in Hertz (Hz) and the ordinate axis 1604 plots a Fourier transform in arbitrary units.
- a first graph 1610 represents the Fourier transform of the magnetic field B mo d and a second graph 1620 represents the Fourier transform of the ODM R
- FIG. 17 shows a diagram 1700 of an ODMR spectrum for various internally generated magnetic fields B mod as a function of a microwave frequency according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the diagram 1700 in FIG. 17 corresponds Here, the diagram of Fig. 14 except that the ODM R spectrum is shown by the additional action of an external constant magnetic field.
- the three graphs 1410, 1412 and 1414 are shifted due to the external magnetic field.
- FIG. 18 shows a signal-time diagram 1800 related to the ODMR spectrum of FIG. 17.
- the signal-time diagram 1800 in FIG. 18 corresponds to the signal-time diagram of FIG. 15, except that FIG a waveform of the ODMR output signal 1520 is different from a waveform shown in FIG.
- 19 shows a diagram 1900 of a frequency spectrum
- FIG. 19 shows a frequency spectrum of the signals of Fig. 18 in the case where the microwave frequency is separated by an external one
- Magnetic field determined position of the ODMR minimum does not match.
- FIG. 20 shows a flow chart of a method 2000 for calibration according to one exemplary embodiment.
- the method 2000 is executable to a
- Calibrate sensor device may be practiced to include the sensor device of FIG. 8 or the like
- the calibration method 2000 is operable to calibrate a sensor device including a diamond having at least one nitrogen vacancy, a light source for irradiating the diamond with excitation light, at least one of the two
- a microwave antenna for exposing the diamond to microwaves and detection means for detecting a light intensity of a microwave
- the method 2000 for calibrating further comprises a step 2040 of determining in which at least one reference frequency at which a reference minimum of the
- the determining step 2040 is executable before the step of applying the magnetic field signal. Specifically, the determining step 2040 is between the step 2010 of application of the microwave signal and the step 2020 of applying the microwave signal
- a magnetic field of known strength is generated and the associated displacement of one or more minima in the ODMR spectrum is measured.
- These calibration data are stored, for example, and used hereafter to calculate the vectorial size of an external magnetic field from measured shifts in the ODMR minima.
- a relative measurement of the ODMR signal is performed.
- step 2040 of the determination and in step 2030 of determining z. B. two measurements immediately before and after switching on or applying the internal magnetic field performed and compared.
- a periodically varying magnetic field can be generated or applied.
- the displacements of the ODMR spectra for such a varying field B mo d are shown by way of example in FIG. 14 (only one peak of the two minima generated by Zeeman splitting is shown in each case).
- Sensitivity of the individual minima are assigned to the spatial directions of the sensor device. NV centers or nitrogen defects in the diamond align in each case at one of the four crystal directions in the diamond and are also sensitive in this direction to magnetic fields. Depending on a direction of the magnetic field, the four minima pairs associated with these four orientations are shifted differently in the ODMR spectrum, as shown in FIG.
- the sensitivities of these minima to the measurement direction can be determined. This principle is shown by way of example in FIGS. 11 to 13.
- the measured values are stored and used to calculate a vector of an external magnetic field from a measured shift of the minima.
- the calibration of several spatial directions by a plurality of microwave antennas and / or coils may, for. B. be performed sequentially. Alternatively it is possible to different
- Microwave antennas and / or coils with currents or magnetic field signals to occupy which differ in frequencies or phases.
- FIG. 21 shows a flowchart of a method 2100 for detecting a measured variable according to an exemplary embodiment.
- the method 2100 is for detecting in conjunction with or using the
- Sensor device of FIG. 8 or a similar sensor device executable.
- the detection method 2100 is practicable in conjunction with a sensor device comprising a diamond having at least one nitrogen vacancy, a light source for irradiating the diamond with excitation light, at least one microwave antenna for
- a microwave signal for generating the microwaves is applied to the at least one microwave antenna to traverse a frequency spectrum of the microwaves. Thereafter, in a step 2120 of the evaluation, the
- the microwave signal is set to
- the microwave signal is adjusted in response to a shift of the minimum caused by a change of the measured variable to a
- the measured quantity is calculated using the
- step 2150 of calculating the measure is calculated using the calibration data generated according to the method of calibration of FIG. 20 or a similar method.
- step 2150 of the calculation the Calibration data generated according to the method of calibration of Fig. 20 or a similar method.
- the detecting method 2100 includes a step 2160 of applying a magnetic field signal or a step 2170 of changing the magnetic field signal
- the step 2160 of applying a magnetic field signal or the step 2170 of changing the microwave signal are in this case executable between the step 2130 of setting the microwave signal and the step 2140 of adjusting the microwave signal.
- a magnetic field signal for generating an internal magnetic field to which the diamond can be acted upon is applied to the at least one microwave antenna in order to generate an internal magnetic field which periodically varies with an excitation frequency.
- the microwave signal is then adjusted in step 2140 of adjusting until one with the
- the magnetic field signal may be applied to the at least one microwave antenna and at least one other
- Magnetic field signal to be applied to at least one further microwave antenna or to at least one electrical coil.
- the magnetic field signal and the at least one further magnetic field signal differ from one another with respect to a frequency or a phase.
- step 2170 of varying the microwave signal is varied to periodically vary a frequency of the microwaves having an excitation frequency about the particular microwave frequency.
- the microwave signal is then adjusted in step 2140 of the adjustment until one with the
- Excitation frequency correlated and a minimum of the light intensity associated frequency component of the fluorescence signal is maximum to find the new microwave frequency.
- FIG. 22 shows a flow chart of a measurement process 2200 according to an exemplary embodiment.
- Fig. 22 shows an example of one Sequence of a measurement or a measuring process 2200, wherein an internally generated magnetic field is used to modulate an ODMR spectrum.
- the measuring process 2200 can be carried out in conjunction with the method for detecting from FIG. 21 or a similar method.
- the measurement is started. Thereafter, at block 2202, an ODMR spectrum is transmitted over all microwave frequencies
- the block 2202 is hereby comparable to the step of applying the microwave signal in the method for detecting from FIG. 21. Then, the measuring process 2200 proceeds to a block 2203 in which a position (microwave frequency) of the minima in the ODMR spectrum is identified. Block 2203 is similar to the step of evaluating the
- a block 2204 Fluorescence signal in the method of detection of Fig. 21. Subsequently, in a block 2204, the microwave frequency is set to the position of the relevant minimum.
- the block 2204 is similar to the step of setting the microwave signal in the detection method of FIG. 21.
- the measurement process 2200 proceeds to a block 2205 in which an internal alternating magnetic field with a frequency or excitation frequency fmag is generated.
- the block 2205 is similar to the step of applying the magnetic field signal according to an embodiment of the detecting method of FIG. 21.
- the measurement process 2200 then passes to a decision block 2206, in which it is checked whether a frequency component f ma g of the ODMR signal is maximum. If so, the process proceeds to block 2207 where the microwave frequency determines the size of the external magnetic field. Block 2207 is similar to the step of calculating in the method of FIG. 21. From block 2207, the measurement process 2200 loops back to decision block 2206.
- the measuring process 2200 goes to a block 2208, in which it is determined whether the minimum in the Near the original frequency is suspected. If not, the measurement process 2200 goes back to the block 2202. If so, the measurement process 2200 proceeds to a block 2209 where a systematic variation of the microwave frequency from the previous position in both directions is performed. From block 2207, measurement process 2200 returns to decision block 2206.
- a method 2100 for sensing or measuring process 2200 is presented in which internally generated magnetic fields are used for modulation so as to easily determine and track a position and shift of the individual minima in the ODMR spectrum of the sensor device.
- the z. B. may be an external magnetic field, a temperature or a mechanical strain, move the microwave frequencies at which the individual minima of fluorescence occur.
- the external measured variable is determined via this displacement.
- a calculation effort can be reduced and a bandwidth of the sensor device can be increased, since a range of microwave frequencies to be traversed regularly for recording the spectrum can be reduced.
- a complete ODMR spectrum is recorded in order to identify positions of the minima, such as it is shown in the step 2110 of application of the microwave signal and the step 2120 of the evaluation of the fluorescence signal or in the blocks 2202 and 2203.
- the microwave source is set to the frequency of the minimum to be measured, as shown in step 2130 of setting the microwave signal and in block 2204, respectively.
- Magnetic field signal internally in the sensor device a periodically changing, z. B. sinusoidal as shown in Fig. 15 and Fig. 18, magnetic field B mo d induced in the direction to which this minimum is sensitive.
- the frequency f mo d of the alternating field is set so that it is higher than a desired bandwidth of the sensor device, but less than a reaction time of nitrogen vacancies. Due to the internally generated magnetic field, the position of the minimum varies as shown in FIG. 14 around the previously determined average microwave frequency.
- the intensity of the fluorescence signal measured at a constant microwave frequency also periodically changes at twice the frequency of the impressed magnetic field (2f mo d), as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16.
- Microwave frequency coincides with the frequency of the ODMR minimum, which is assumed without the internal magnetic field.
- the microwave frequency is varied in both directions of the original frequency, ie, higher and lower frequencies until the proportion in the ODRM signal becomes twice the excitation frequency (2f mo d) and the maximum new Microwave frequency of the shifted ODRM minimum is found. From this position of the shifted minimum can, for. B. optional under
- the new measured value of the external measurement is determined. Only when the minimum can not be found again by a repeated variation of the microwave frequency, an ODMR spectrum is again recorded to determine the position of the minima, as previously described.
- FIGS. 23 to 28 are diagrams for fluorescence measurement with additional
- FIGS. 23 to 28 are similar to the diagrams shown in FIGS. 14 to 19.
- the fluorescence measurement is in this case using the sensor device shown in FIG. 8 or a similar sensor device or in conjunction with at least one of the methods
- FIG. 23 shows a diagram 2300 of an ODMR spectrum for a periodically varied frequency of the microwave excitation according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 24 shows a signal-time diagram 2400 related to the ODMR spectrum from FIG. 23.
- the signal-time diagram 2400 corresponds to the signal-time diagram.
- Fig. 24 shows a variation of A ⁇ MW and the ODMR signal.
- FIG. 25 shows a diagram 2500 of a frequency spectrum
- the diagram 2500 corresponds to the diagram from FIG. 16, with the exception that only the Fourier transformation of the ODMR signal represented by the graph 1620 is plotted.
- FIG. 26 shows a graph 2600 of an ODMR spectrum for a periodically varied microwave excitation frequency according to one embodiment.
- Diagram 2600 in FIG. 26 corresponds to the diagram of FIG. 23, except that the ODMR spectrum is shown with the additional action of an external constant magnetic field.
- the graph 2310 is shifted due to the external magnetic field.
- FIG. 27 shows a signal-time diagram 2700 related to the ODMR spectrum of FIG. 26.
- the signal-time diagram 2700 in FIG. 27 corresponds to FIG.
- FIG. 28 shows a diagram 2800 of a frequency spectrum
- FIGS. 23 to 28 thus show an evaluation concept in which, in contrast to a modulation of the fluorescence signal by an internally generated magnetic field, the microwave frequency (by the previously determined frequency of a minimum in the ODMR spectrum) is periodically varied. This results in a similar output signal as through an alternating magnetic field without being applied. Changes of an external measurand can be detected as described above. Thus, it is possible to measure in several directions in space, without the additional expense of further coils being necessary.
- an exemplary embodiment comprises a "and / or" link between a first feature and a second feature, then this is to be read so that the embodiment according to one embodiment, both the first feature and the second feature and according to another embodiment either only first feature or only the second feature.
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- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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DE102016210259.1A DE102016210259B4 (de) | 2016-06-10 | 2016-06-10 | Sensorvorrichtung, Verfahren zum Kalibrieren einer Sensorvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Erfassen einer Messgröße |
PCT/EP2017/060490 WO2017211504A1 (de) | 2016-06-10 | 2017-05-03 | SENSORVORRICHTUNG, VERFAHREN ZUM KALIBRIEREN EINER SENSORVORRICHTUNG UND VERFAHREN ZUM ERFASSEN EINER MESSGRÖßE |
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CN (1) | CN109219756A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102016210259B4 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2017211504A1 (de) |
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DE102017205268A1 (de) * | 2017-03-29 | 2018-10-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Fertigen einer Kristallkörpereinheit für eine Sensorvorrichtung, Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Sensorvorrichtung, System und Verfahren zum Erfassen einer Messgröße sowie Sensorvorrichtung |
WO2019164638A2 (en) * | 2018-01-29 | 2019-08-29 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | On-chip detection of spin states in color centers for metrology and information processing |
DE102018203845A1 (de) * | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Messen einer Magnetfeldrichtung |
JP7025010B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-20 | 2022-02-24 | 国立大学法人 新潟大学 | 歪み検出装置、歪み検出方法及び歪み検出プログラム |
DE102018219483A1 (de) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-05-20 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Analyse von biologischem Material |
CN110398300A (zh) * | 2019-06-24 | 2019-11-01 | 中北大学 | 一种基于集群nv色心金刚石的温度传感器 |
DE102019211694B4 (de) * | 2019-08-05 | 2021-03-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren eines diamantbasierten Magnetfeldsensors mittels eines Resonanzmodells als ein Gaußprozessmodell |
CN110600880A (zh) * | 2019-09-19 | 2019-12-20 | 北京航空航天大学 | 无需移相器圆极化频率可调固体色心微波操控系统及方法 |
CN110596630B (zh) * | 2019-09-19 | 2020-10-16 | 北京航空航天大学 | 基于金刚石nv色心量子精密测量装置频率校准系统及方法 |
DE102020204571A1 (de) * | 2020-04-09 | 2021-10-14 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren zum Messen von Phasenströmen eines Messobjekts, insbesondere eines Inverters |
DE102020208180A1 (de) | 2020-06-30 | 2021-12-30 | Siemens Healthcare Gmbh | Quantensensor-basierte Empfangseinheit ausgebildet zum Erfassen von MR-Signalen |
DE102020123993A1 (de) | 2020-09-15 | 2022-03-17 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Quantensensor |
DE102021100223A1 (de) | 2021-01-08 | 2022-07-14 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Sensorvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung und/oder Überwachung einer Prozessgröße eines Mediums in einem Behälter |
DE102021113199A1 (de) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Remote Sensoranordnung |
DE102021113195A1 (de) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Detektionseinheit für Magnetfeldsensor |
DE102021113198A1 (de) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | Endress + Hauser Wetzer Gmbh + Co. Kg | In situ Temperatur Kalibration |
DE102021113200A1 (de) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Detektion paramagnetischer Stoffe in Fluiden |
DE102021113197A1 (de) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | Endress + Hauser Wetzer Gmbh + Co. Kg | Kit, Sensoranordnung und Temperiervorrichtung zur Temperaturbestimmung |
DE102021113201A1 (de) | 2021-05-20 | 2022-11-24 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Remote Kommunikationsanordnung |
DE102021132527A1 (de) | 2021-12-09 | 2023-06-15 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Sensoranordnung |
DE102021133927A1 (de) | 2021-12-20 | 2023-06-22 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Verfahren zur Überprüfung der Funktionstüchtigkeit oder zur Plausibilitätsprüfung eines vibronischen Sensors |
DE102022107534A1 (de) | 2022-03-30 | 2023-10-05 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Sensor zur Bestimmung eines Drucks eines in einem Behältnis befindlichen Mediums |
DE102022114875A1 (de) | 2022-06-13 | 2023-12-14 | Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG | Messsystem |
CN115792346B (zh) * | 2023-02-10 | 2023-05-26 | 安徽省国盛量子科技有限公司 | 基于微波移频法的交流电测算方法及量子电流互感器 |
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DE3742878A1 (de) | 1987-08-07 | 1989-07-06 | Siemens Ag | Optischer magnetfeldsensor |
EP2745360A4 (de) * | 2011-08-01 | 2015-07-08 | Univ Columbia | Konjugate von nanodiamant- und magnetischen oder metallischen teilchen |
WO2013188732A1 (en) | 2012-06-14 | 2013-12-19 | The Trustees Of Columbia University In The City Of New York | Systems and methods for precision optical imaging of electrical currents and temperature in integrated circuits |
EP2888596B1 (de) * | 2012-08-22 | 2022-07-20 | President and Fellows of Harvard College | Rastersensoren im nanobereich |
EP2981795B1 (de) * | 2013-04-02 | 2018-07-25 | President and Fellows of Harvard College | Quantenthermometer im nanometerbereich |
WO2015105527A1 (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2015-07-16 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Methods and apparatus for optically detecting magnetic resonance |
JP6604511B2 (ja) | 2014-01-20 | 2019-11-13 | 国立研究開発法人科学技術振興機構 | ダイヤモンド素子、磁気センサー、磁気計測装置 |
US10168393B2 (en) * | 2014-09-25 | 2019-01-01 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Micro-vacancy center device |
JP6298728B2 (ja) * | 2014-06-26 | 2018-03-20 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 磁気計測装置 |
CN104360152B (zh) * | 2014-11-13 | 2017-04-12 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种基于nv色心金刚石的微波传感器 |
CN105137371B (zh) * | 2015-08-11 | 2017-12-05 | 北京航空航天大学 | 一种芯片级金刚石nv‑色心磁成像装置及成像方法 |
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DE102016210259B4 (de) | 2021-12-02 |
CN109219756A (zh) | 2019-01-15 |
WO2017211504A1 (de) | 2017-12-14 |
DE102016210259A1 (de) | 2017-12-14 |
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