EP3458257A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum kompaktieren von hohlkörpern mittels stauchen - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum kompaktieren von hohlkörpern mittels stauchenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3458257A1 EP3458257A1 EP18711528.2A EP18711528A EP3458257A1 EP 3458257 A1 EP3458257 A1 EP 3458257A1 EP 18711528 A EP18711528 A EP 18711528A EP 3458257 A1 EP3458257 A1 EP 3458257A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hollow body
- press
- compression
- slot
- passage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 24
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011038 discontinuous diafiltration by volume reduction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005494 tarnishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/32—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for consolidating scrap metal or for compacting used cars
- B30B9/321—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for consolidating scrap metal or for compacting used cars for consolidating empty containers, e.g. cans
- B30B9/325—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for consolidating scrap metal or for compacting used cars for consolidating empty containers, e.g. cans between rotary pressing members, e.g. rollers, discs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
- B30B9/30—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for baling; Compression boxes therefor
- B30B9/3003—Details
- B30B9/301—Feed means
Definitions
- the invention relates to hollow bodies such as plastic bottles or metal cans. These are returned by the customer and paid back to the customer the most paid for the hollow body deposit and the hollow body are usually konnpaktiert still at the return to reduce the transport volume for transporting to recycling operation.
- One method consists of shredding the containers into small particles, which can then be further processed as bulk material.
- Another method consists in compressing the container, so far mostly to plate-shaped, flattened and thus depreciated in terms of the deposit claims containers. This has the advantage that such flattened container can also be pressed into bales and transported as strapped bales without further wrapping, which is not possible with shredded hollow bodies.
- the present invention is concerned with the second method of squeezing the containers.
- the containers are compressed by passing them between two pressing and cutting rollers which intermesh with one another, whereby the two opposing walls of the container are not only pressed against one another but also section-wise cut by the cutting teeth of these pressing and cutting rollers be, whereby the two adjacent walls of the compressed container to interlock with each other and prevents the subsequent spring back of the compressed container from the plate shape into a thicker shape due to the inherent elasticity of the material of the container.
- the incision also serves for this purpose, often by means of e.g. When the cap is closed, the compressed air contained in the sealed cap can be released when it is compressed, and also allows any residual liquid remaining in the container to escape.
- the density of a transport unit of flat pressed containers is less than the density of a transport unit made of shredded containers, although depending on the shape and size of the particles produced during shredding.
- the respective hollow body is first flattened, in particular by application of force transversely to its greatest direction of extent.
- These two layers are connected to each other at the outer regions by the material of the wall and possibly a closure, provided that the hollow body does not burst during flattening.
- the latter is to be avoided by flattening at least the one layer of the plate-shaped hollow body is perforated or cut by means of short cuts at flattening.
- the two layers may at least partially contact each other, but mostly due to the springback properties of the material not over the entire surface of the plate, so the plate-shaped hollow body.
- both layers of the plate-shaped hollow body are partially severed with the same tool and at the same point, in particular in order to achieve a hooking of the cut edges of the two layers against one another and to minimize the springback.
- the incision is only partial and a cutting of the hollow body into individual parts or even small particles should not take place at the moment.
- the flattening is carried out in a continuous process, while the then approximately plate-shaped hollow body to be moved in the direction of passage.
- the extension of the main plane of the plate-shaped hollow body transversely to the direction of passage and the passage direction itself span a continuous plane.
- the now approximately plate-shaped hollow body ie the double-layered plate, compressed in one of the directions of the main plane of this plate, so pushed together, so that the plate is shorter in this direction, but of course it gets thicker, because by upsetting is an accordion-shaped, compressed hollow body produced in which each of the walls - cut along the compression direction - has a wavy or zigzag-shaped course.
- lateral guides which extend approximately in the upsetting direction and bound a guide slot.
- the upsetting preferably takes place with an upsetting direction in the direction of the greatest extension of the flattened hollow body, which preferably coincides with the greatest extent of the original, undeformed hollow body.
- the upsetting direction corresponds to or is opposite the direction of passage during flattening.
- the upsetting is preferably ended before white fracture occurs, especially at the folds of the accordion, in a hollow body made of plastic, since this reduces the value of the compressed hollow body.
- the upsetting of the plate-shaped hollow body is already started before the previous flattening of the hollow body is completed. This facilitates the transition from the first to the second step, especially when flattening and / or upsetting is done in a continuous process, and reduces the risk of lateral breakage.
- the upsetting of the plate-shaped hollow body is terminated at the latest when the flattening of the hollow body is completed, especially when the upsetting of the hollow body is used during upsetting as an abutment and stop.
- the flattening of the hollow body preferably takes place by passing it through a press slot between at least one rotationally driven press roller and a press counter element, be it a press slide surface or a counter rotating second press roller, wherein the press slide preferably narrows in the direction of travel , in particular to a thickness which corresponds approximately to the thickness of the plate-shaped hollow body produced thereby.
- the teeth of one press roll spaced axially are intermeshed with the teeth of the other press roll by dipping between their teeth in the axial distances, thereby obtaining a corrugated-board flattened hollow body.
- press slot in this context does not necessarily mean that viewed in the axial direction of at least one press roller free passage and perspective between the press roller and the press counter-element, for example, the second press roller is given: Because due to the mutual immersion of the teeth of a press roll in the circumferential grooves between the teeth of the other press roll is the press Slit - viewed in the plan on the plane defined by the two axes of rotation of the meshing press rollers - often cranked and additionally in the axial direction usually interrupted at several points, namely where adjacent teeth of the two press rolls in the axial direction tight are arranged adjacent to each other to cause at this point a cutting and penetrating at least one of the two closely flattened state closely adjacent walls of the hollow body to be pressed flat.
- the hollow body to be processed is preferably fed to the press slot in a direction which corresponds to the greatest longitudinal extent of the hollow body, whereby the press rollers only require a relatively small axial length.
- the hollow body is for engaging in the press slot preferably by radially from at least one of the press rollers protruding teeth, preferably hook-shaped teeth detected and drawn into the press slot, preferably by arranged at the output of the press slot between the teeth scraper prevents the teeth from you take their gripped wall of the hollow body in the circumferential direction to the end of the press slot with.
- the hollow body is pressed into the press slot by a supply device arranged upstream of it in the direction of passage through the press slot in order to facilitate and reliably carry out the gripping of the hollow body by the at least one, preferably both, press rolls.
- the flattening can also be done by two relatively mutually movable press punches, between which the hollow body is positioned, and which can compress the hollow body, wherein the surface of the ram is preferably chosen so large that the entire hollow body between the two press rams fits and not protrudes laterally beyond this.
- the upsetting can be carried out by slowing down the front end of the flattened hollow body in the direction of passage, so that the front end of the already flattened hollow body moves slower forward than the rear end, and the front end of the flattened hollow body may even come to a standstill downstream of the press slot before flat pressing in the press slot is completed.
- the braking can be realized by tarnishing the front end in the direction of passage of the plate-shaped hollow body to a stop as a compression element - which may be stationary or movable in the direction of passage - realized.
- the deceleration can also be realized by guiding the plate-shaped hollow body downstream of the press slit through a swaging slot whose throughput speed through the swaging slot is less than the throughput speed through the press slit.
- the throughput speed through the compression slot is less than half, preferably less than one third of the passage speed of the same hollow body through the press slot.
- the width of the compression slot is smaller in at least one direction than the flattened hollow body to be passed, preferably smaller than the thickness thereof in the transverse direction to the main plane of the flattened hollow body.
- the boundary surfaces of the compression slot represent the compression element, either by means of correspondingly high sliding friction in a smooth, running in the direction of passing boundary surface of the compression slot, or by positive engagement, if the boundary surface is at least partially aligned transversely to the direction of passage through the compression slot.
- the transverse direction - without further reference - with respect to the hollow body in a still undeformed hollow body the perpendicular is understood to its greatest extent direction, or later the perpendicular to the main plane of the flattened, plate-shaped hollow body.
- the transverse direction is that direction which, on the one hand, is perpendicular to the passage direction and, on the other hand, perpendicular to the axial direction of the rollers.
- Passing through the press slot is preferably effected by gripping the flattened hollow body by at least one, preferably driven, rotating upsetting roll laterally bounding the upsetting slot and pulling it through the swaging slot.
- the peripheral surface of the at least one swaging roller is then a boundary surface of the swaging slot.
- two adjacent compression rollers are driven in opposite directions rotating, which are so close together that they contact with a plate-shaped hollow body inserted therebetween with such a large frictional force that it through the compression slot though is pushed, but not with a larger flow rate than the peripheral speed of one or both upsetting rolls corresponds, since preferably no or if then only the smallest possible slip between the plate-shaped hollow body and the two compression rollers should occur.
- the at least one compression roller may be occupied by teeth between which the plate-shaped hollow body has to move, so that the surface of the teeth are also part of the boundary surface of the compression slot but partially transverse to the direction of flow, and thus prevent by positive engagement a relative movement between the flattened hollow body and the upsetting element in the form of the compression roll.
- the teeth of the two compression rollers can overlap in the radial direction and, like gears, however, preferably contactlessly, mesh with one another and / or be offset from one another in the axial direction and intermesh alternately in the axial direction.
- the compression slot viewed in both the axial direction and in the passage direction in a constantly existing distance between the two compression rollers.
- the peripheral speed of the at least one compression roller is therefore less than half, preferably less than one third of the rotational speed of the at least one pressure roller.
- a pushing of the hollow body to be machined in the press slot can be done by means of a supply device, in particular the wings of a wing shaft whose axis of rotation is approximately parallel to the axes of rotation of the at least one press roll, if one is present.
- the blade which comes into contact with the hollow body moves with its free end in the direction of the press slot or pressing station, but the free end of the blade has a peripheral speed that is significantly greater than the peripheral speed of the at least one press roller when the flattening means a press roll takes place.
- a generic pressing device for flattening hollow bodies additionally has a compression device arranged downstream thereof for compressing the approximately plate-shaped hollow body flattened in the pressing device in one of the directions of the main plane of this plate.
- the pressing device and the compression device are arranged at their distance from each other so that they can act on the same hollow body to be processed simultaneously, so the compression device more in the front area and the pressing device then rather in the rear area.
- the device is preferably not manually operated, but has a drive device which drives the pressing device and / or the compression device and / or the supply device, in particular the wing shaft, and preferably also a control for controlling at least all moving parts of the device, and in particular this drive device.
- the controller may in particular be part of the control of a superordinated unit in which the compacting device is installed, for example a bottle reverse vending machine.
- the pressing device comprises at least one rotatably drivable pressing roller, the function of which is to grasp the hollow body and pull it through a press slot formed between the pressing roller and a counter-pressing element, whereby the thickness of the hollow body is reduced and this is flattened.
- the passage direction on the one hand and the axial direction of the at least one press roller on the other hand define the passage plane.
- the width of the press slot is, of course, much smaller than the thickness of the undeformed hollow body, and has a thickness approximately corresponding to the desired thickness of the thereby produced plate-shaped hollow body.
- the press counter-element may in particular be a fixed press-guide surface running in the direction of passage and approximately parallel to the outer circumference of the press roll.
- a second rotatable and in particular also rotating in the opposite direction to the first press roll has proven better as press counter-element drivable and preferably with this meshing second press roll.
- this has at least one press roll, preferably both press rolls, distributed over the circumference and / or axially spaced and spaced teeth, which are preferably hook-like and formed with a sharp edge to the hollow body thereby good and in to be able to draw in the press slot and in addition to penetrate the wall of the hollow body and thereby allow air and liquids contained therein to escape.
- the teeth are preferably arranged axially spaced in tooth-ring areas, which are dimensioned such that the tooth-ring areas of the one press roll can dip radially between the tooth-ring areas of the adjacent press roller, wherein between the rollers, so in the radial direction, as well as in the axial direction between the teeth and tooth-ring areas a space is available, which is enough to pass the hollow body between, but nevertheless, flatten them.
- the press slot is viewed in the axial direction preferably over its entire length running in the axial direction of the same width, which means that the widest point is a maximum of 20%, better at most 10%, better than 5% wider than the narrowest point.
- the axes of rotation of the press rolls are preferably arranged parallel to each other, but could also be at an angle to each other if the press rolls were, for example, tapered.
- the downstream compression device which is arranged downstream in the direction of passage, may consist of a stop arranged in the path of movement of the plate-shaped hollow body coming out of the press slot, against which the plate-shaped hollow body presses with its front end and through which the replenishment is applied Plate material is compressed from the press slot of this plate-shaped hollow body opposite to the direction of passage, whereby an approximately accordion-shaped compressed hollow body is formed.
- the stop can be arranged stationary or move with the pressing, plate-shaped hollow body in the direction of passage, but at a lower speed than the passage speed of the same hollow body through the press slot.
- the stop can be moved out of the path of movement of the plate-shaped and later compressed hollow body for the termination of the upsetting process in order to facilitate its removal.
- the stop may also be subjected to force against the passage direction for this purpose, for example by means of a spring or a braking device to define the compression force.
- the preferred embodiment of the upsetting apparatus comprises at least one rotationally driven first upsetting roll which serves to grasp and pull the flattened hollow body through a swaging slot, but at a lower throughput speed than the throughput speed of the same object further upstream through the press slit, as shown in FIG rear part of the plate-shaped hollow body is still located while the front part is already moved through the compression slot.
- the upsetting device preferably comprises not only a compression guide surface extending in the direction of passage and parallel to the first compression roller, but also a second compression roller rotating in opposite directions to the first compression roller, also in contact with the plate-shaped and between the compression rollers upset hollow body, which is just a sliding friction against a fixed guide surface is avoided.
- the axial directions of the compression rollers can be parallel to the axial directions of the press roll, or - viewed in the direction of passage - skewed, ie at an angle thereto, in particular at right angles thereto. Due to the reduced passage speed in the compression device, the plate-shaped hollow body accumulates in front of the compression device by the Nach- promotion of the plate-shaped hollow body from the press slot at a much higher speed, so that in the area between the pressing device and the compression device, the actual upsetting process takes place, for which the compression rollers quasi take over the stop and brake function, so serve as compression element.
- the compression slot is also at least as wide as the squeeze slot, preferably wider than the squeeze slot, preferably transversely to the passage plane at most twice as wide, at most three times as wide as twice as wide.
- the already flattened and compressed hollow body is to be compressed again in the transverse direction to the passage direction by means of the compression rollers in order to reduce the volume of the hollow body once again.
- the compression slot is positioned in the direction of passage so that a flattened hollow body coming out of the pressing device forcibly protrudes into the compression slot, even before it has completely left the pressing device, and is detected by the at least one rotating compression roller or the pair of compression roller and slower through the Compression roller pair and the compression slot is moved through.
- the compression slot in the axial direction of the rollers should have the same width everywhere, ie the widest point not wider than a maximum of 20%, better not more than 10%, better not more than 5%, wider than the narrowest point.
- the axes of rotation of the press rolls are also parallel to each other and / or parallel to the axis of rotation of the upsetting rolls.
- the rollers - preferably both the press rolls and the upsetting rolls - each have a journal at their axial ends, and the generally toothed active area therebetween can be used to act on the blanks.
- the effective region is that axial region of the rolls which can come into contact with the hollow bodies, in particular the region between the two-sided boundary plates, against which the press rolls are mounted.
- the effective range in the axial direction is preferably shorter than the largest extent of the smallest hollow body provided for processing.
- the hollow body can be supplied only in the direction of its largest extension of the entire device.
- the mass flow rate is thereby reduced compared to a supply in the transverse direction of the hollow body, however, for the subsequent upsetting as long as possible, plate-shaped, flattened hollow body advantageous since this facilitates that the front region is already taken by the compression device before his back Area has left the pressing device.
- the distance between the pressing device and compression device in the direction of passage the so-called. Passing distance, depending on the dimensions of the intended hollow hollow body must be selected, and may in particular be adjustable, especially during operation of the device.
- the passage distance is the distance between the narrowest points on the one hand of the press slot and on the other hand of the compression slot. In order to be able to compress even the shortest hollow body intended for machining, this passage distance must be less than that in continuous flow. tion measured length of this shortest intended for processing hollow body, in particular shorter than its largest extension or its largest extension in flattened, plate-shaped state.
- the device should be able to process a certain range of sizes of hollow bodies, and the passage distance - and sometimes the diameter of the compression rollers and / or the pressure roller - are fixed and chosen so that all the hollow body processed within this size range can be.
- the passage distance will preferably be chosen so that the shortest in the passage direction provided for processing hollow body is just sufficiently compressed, but the longest possible container still no white fracture occurs.
- the width of the compression slot will be set in this sense.
- the passage-distance is adjustable, this is preferably automatically depending on the detected in the supply to the device length of the hollow body in the direction of passage, so is set the shorter, the shorter the just-introduced hollow body in the direction of passage.
- the at least one press roll there is also a stocking with radially projecting teeth in the at least one upsetting roll, which are preferably distributed over the circumference and / or are preferably arranged in axially spaced tooth-ring regions.
- the teeth or toothed ring areas do not necessarily intermesh with each other in the radial direction, even in view of the fact that the hollow body arriving at the upsetting rolls is already compressed and thus opposite the flattened state at the outlet
- the pressing device is thickened, but such meshing effect particularly effective that no slippage between the hollow body and the compression rollers can occur in the compression slot.
- This thickening can be reduced only limited by the compression device and in particular the at least one compression roller, so in the compression slot, since too strong compression transverse to the main plane of the now thicker, but still in principle plate-shaped, compressed hollow body this to an undesirable elongation would lead the compressed hollow body in the flow direction.
- the width of the compression slot is therefore selected so that the upturned, compressed plate-shaped hollow body can be well grasped by the usually two compression rollers, but the hollow body can not be pushed through the compression slot faster than the peripheral speed of the at least one Compression roller corresponds.
- the tooth shape of the at least one compression roller generally differs from that of the at least one pressure roller: Since the reduction in thickness in the compression slot is usually less than in the press slot, the detection and pulling through the teeth of at least one upsetting roller is unproblematic, especially since the supplied hollow body is supplied with a considerable force in the direction of passage to the compression slot and presses against the teeth of the compression rollers.
- the teeth of the compression roll should thus primarily by appropriate rejection of the hollow body passed through cause a sufficiently strong stiction between primarily the teeth of the compression rollers and transported through the concertina-shaped hollow body.
- the teeth of the press roll are preferably hook-shaped for gripping and cutting, so perforating the wall of the hollow body, which is why the pointing in the direction of rotation of the press roller front surface is radial to the axial direction or the free outer end against the inner end in the direction of rotation even further forward and thereby generates the said hook shape.
- the front edge can also be designed to recede in the direction of rotation, ie the free outer end of the front edge of the tooth in the direction of rotation is further back than the radial inner end.
- the teeth not only from one, usually cylindrical-shaped base body of the roller, in particular the compression roller project, but between the corresponding tooth-ring areas additionally a circumferential groove is formed in this body, this also applies to the circumferentially extending outer edges of the circumferential grooves - may have a convex curvature or bevel - and / or the transition from the bottom to the flanks, which may then have a concave curve or bevel.
- this serves to avoid as far as possible the occurrence of stress whitening in the plastic material during upsetting, and on the other hand to prevent any peripherally closed channels from forming on the outside of the container during compression and subsequent compression, but only open to the outside Recesses, so that in the subsequent removal of Eti chain residues from the surface of the container all surface areas are accessible, especially for the most commonly used for removing rinsing and subsequent dry-blowing or blowing the Eti chain remains.
- a pair of pressing and cutting rollers having pressing devices plate-shaped or finger-shaped scrapers are known in principle, which are fixedly mounted in the direction of passage downstream of the press rolls and radially in the axial distances, in particular the circumferential grooves, between the Protruding tooth-ring areas and reach as close as possible to the bottom of the groove.
- the scraper surface facing the press slit ie its narrow side in the case of plate-shaped scrapers, thus represent an extension and limitation of the press slit as a guide slit and limit the thickening of the slab-shaped hollow body in this area of swirling through the upsetting already occurring there.
- these scrapers are preferably extended in the direction of the compression device and can even dip into the spaces between the tooth-ring areas of the compression roller or - rollers.
- the distances between the tooth-ring areas of the at least one press roller are aligned with those of the at least one compression roller and are preferably approximately the same width.
- this also applies to the respective tooth-ring areas and their extension and positioning in the axial direction.
- the wiper surfaces viewed in the axial direction of the rollers, limit the thickness of the swage area between the pressing device and the compression device to the extent to which the plane flattened in the pressing device is limited Hollow body by the upsetting transverse to the plane of passage - viewed in the axial direction of the rolls - can widen.
- the wiper surfaces in the direction of passage end in front of the outer circumference of the compression rollers, so that in the measured in the direction of passage distance between the plate-shaped hollow body due to the upsetting relatively unlimited transverse to the plane of passage, otherwise it could in a well-defined compression slot to high occurring forces the accumulated material of the hollow body come, which could block or even damage the device.
- the pressing device upstream of a supply device may be upstream, which singulates the incoming hollow body on the one hand and especially pushes into the press slot.
- a vane shaft is already known in principle, which rotates about an axis of rotation parallel to the rotational axes of the pressing device, and from the radial wings abstreben, which come into contact with a supplied hollow body - preferably on an obliquely downwardly directed feed sliding surface in Rich Pressing slit slides - and presses it towards the press slot.
- the vane shaft preferably has two wings which lie opposite one another and thus project radially in diametrically opposite directions.
- the wings preferably have in the direction of rotation trailing outer free ends, which are so in the direction of rotation further back than their inner ends close to the axis of rotation.
- such a vane shaft usually has a greater circumferential speed than the peripheral speed of the at least one press roller in the press device. This causes the further effect that the wings of the wing shaft while striding on the hollow body this also already slightly compress, which facilitates gripping and flattening in the subsequent pressing device.
- the distance between the at least one vane shaft which forms a feed slot with said feed sliding surface is chosen such that the front end of the supplied hollow body is already gripped by the press and usually also cutting rollers of the pressing device, during the Rear area of the hollow body is still detected by the wings of the wing shaft and pushed forward.
- the maximum distance between the wing shaft, in particular its central body, to which the two wings are attached, and the wing counter-element, in particular the feed sliding surface, is greater than the thickness of the thick- th intended for processing hollow body, otherwise such a thickest hollow body could not be inserted into the feed slot.
- the wings - viewed in the axial direction - arcuate or polygonzugförmig formed with nacheilendem in the direction of rotation end.
- the wings of the wing shaft extend in particular in the axial direction over the entire length of the effective region of the at least one press roll and are preferably formed with teeth at their free end edge.
- the wings in the embodiment according to the invention have a flexural rigidity which decreases towards the free end, so that the wings are preferably made somewhat elastic at their free ends.
- This can be done in a simple way even with wings viewed in the axial direction from a uniform thickness over its entire radial extent, e.g. Sheet metal material, can be achieved by the fact that the wing is supported on its back relative to the direction of rotation in its central region. This can be done in a simple manner by the voltage applied to this back rear free end edge of the other wing, which extends past the axis of rotation of the vane shaft to the back of the other wing.
- the hollow bodies supplied in this case in their longitudinal direction can be flattened very strongly by the pressing device even with a relatively large thickness and therefore also length of this hollow body, which is the function of the subsequent compressing device and the upsetting effect occurring there as stated enlarged.
- FIGS. 1 a, b show different perspective views of the first design of the compacting device
- FIG. 2a, b sectional views through the compaction device of FIGS. 1a, b, cut perpendicular to the axial direction of the rollers contained therein, FIG.
- FIGS. 3a-d enlarged detail views in a view analogous to FIG.
- FIG. 3b1 shows a detail enlargement from FIG. 3b
- FIG. 3d1 a detail enlargement from FIG. 3d
- FIGS. 4a, b a compression roller in side view and front view
- FIG. 6 shows a side view on according to the mounting state in the direction of passage in each case one behind the other arranged pressure roller and compression roller with scrapers in between Figure 7a: a second design of the compacting device cut perpendicular to the axial direction of the press roller contained therein,
- FIG. 7b a detail enlargement from FIG. 7a
- Figure 8 a third construction of the compacting device cut perpendicular to the axial direction of the press roll and the compression roll contained therein.
- the basic structure of the compression device can best be described with reference to FIGS. 1 a, b and FIG. 2:
- the compacting apparatus comprises
- a pressing device 1 for compressing hollow bodies comprising two about parallel axes of rotation 1 'a, 1' b juxtaposed counter rotating and intermeshing press rollers 1 a, b - and arranged in the direction of passage 10 downstream of the pressing device 1 compression device 3 comprising two order mutually parallel axes of rotation 3'a, 3'b adjacent juxtaposed counter-rotating compression rollers 3a, 3b, which also either mesh with each other or have a very small compression slot 5 between them.
- the press rolls 1 a, b are driven in opposite directions in such a direction that they move in the adjacent circumferential region in the direction of passage 10.
- a plate-shaped scraper 9 can be seen on each of the press rollers 1 a, b, whose main plane is in the plane of the figure 2a, b, and of which in the direction of Figure 2 each several consecutive intervening in the Grooves 8 (see Figure 5a, b), in particular in all grooves 8, located, and between the respective press roll 1 a, b and a counter-body is positively held transversely to the axial direction in position.
- the scrapers 9 are also shown for example in Figure 3d1 and in Figure 6.
- a supply device 20 for supplying the hollow body to be machined 100.1 a, 100.1 b, provided consisting of an obliquely downward toward the press slot 2 extending wing sliding surface 23 and at a distance to this arranged wing shaft 17 whose Rotation axis 17 'also parallel to the axes of rotation 1' a, 1 'b or 3'a, 3'b of the four rolls 1 a, 1 b and 3a, 3b is arranged, and which is drivable in such a direction of rotation, that push the two wings 17a, 17b protruding from the wing shaft 17 on both sides on the side facing the wing sliding surface 23 in the direction of passage, ie convey it to the two roller pairs of the pressing device 1 and the downstream compression device 3.
- a drive device 6 comprising an electric motor 6a and an electrical connection box 7, the entire drive device 6 being mounted on a transverse plate which extends transversely to the two side cheeks and is bolted to both.
- the drive device 6 drives via gears and chain drives all four rollers 1 a, b, 3 a, b and the vane shaft 17, but with the below-mentioned different angular velocities.
- the drive device 6 drives the one of the two press rollers via a chain drive located close to the side cheek, which in turn has the other press rollers via pinions secured thereon in a rotationally fixed manner.
- ze as well as the two compression rollers 3a, b drives, while outside the other cheek on a further chain drive the vane shaft 17 is driven by the directly driven press roll 1 b, also via a chain drive.
- the center distance of the two press rollers 1 a, b is the same as the two compression rollers 3 a, b, but this is not absolutely necessary for the realization of the invention.
- the two press rollers 1 a, b - at least in their effective range, which will be explained later - and on the other hand, the two compression rollers 3a, b formed mirror-image in the axial direction.
- FIGS. 2a, b differ in that the vane shaft 17 is shown in a different rotational position in each case:
- the vane shaft 17 is in such a rotational position that one of the vanes 17 a is in the position in which its vane edge 17 a 1, which is viewed freely in the axial direction, has the lowest possible vane spacing 24 a relative to the vane counter surface 23 occupies.
- the vane shaft 17 is drawn in such a position that the free passage between the vane shaft 17 and the vane sliding surface 23 is maximized, that is, the largest possible vane spacing 24b is shown.
- the radius, ie the circle, the free-ending edge 17a1, 17b1 of the wings 17a, b must be fixed to the axis of rotation 17 'and the axial distance 22 between the axis of rotation 17 'of the wing shaft 17 and the wing sliding surface 23rd
- Figures 3a-d show - again in a sectional view of the compacting device looking in the axial direction of the rollers 1 a, b, 3a, b and / or the vane shaft 17 - the function of feeding, compressing and compressing the hollow body to be processed 100.1 a, 100.1 b.
- Fig. 3a is still a non-deformed large hollow body 100.1 a in the form of a plastic bottle in the supply device 20 in which the still undeformed hollow body 100.1 a rests on the wing sliding surface 23 and on this - in the direction of its largest extension 100 '- slides down so that its lower end already touches one of the two press rolls 1 a, b.
- the smallest extent 100 "of this hollow body 100.1a of the largest hollow body 100.1 to be processed is still smaller than the largest possible wing spacing 24b between the wing shaft 17 and the wing sliding surface 23.
- the front face of the wing 17a pointing in the direction of rotation points in the area between the central body of the wing shaft 17, to which it is screwed, and its free end edge 17a1-which can have a toothing 25, as shown in FIG. 1b-a bend approximately in the middle on, so that the free end region to the rear, so lagging in the direction of rotation, is bent relative to the closer to the central body area.
- This wing 17a is approximately at this area with its front surface at the top of the still undeformed container 100.1 a.
- this vane 17a pushes the hollow body 100.1a together in the transverse direction 11 of the direction of its greatest extension 100 ', in particular in the direction of its smallest extension 100 ", and against the vane.
- the plate-shaped hollow body 100.2a will continue to project internally from the press slot 2 of the pressing device 1, thus penetrating into the swaging slot 5 between the two following edging rollers 3a, b and grasping from their teeth 4.3, as in FIGS the magnification Figure 3d1 shown.
- the compression slot 5 can - as shown in Figure 3a - viewed in the axial direction, a distance between the outer peripheries of the compression rollers 3a, b, in toothed compression rollers so a free distance between the flight circles of the teeth 4.3, or these outer perimeters and flight circles can touch or almost touch - with a distance that is significantly less than the thickness of the compressed hollow body 100.3 -, as shown in Figures 2a, b, 3b to d.
- the flight circles of the teeth 4.3 may also overlap in the radial direction, so that the teeth 4.3 in the circumferential direction mutually dive into the gaps between the teeth 4.3 of the adjacent edging rolls, as shown in Figure 4b.
- the smallest container 100.1b still to be processed by the device is also shown in the form of a beverage can.
- the width of the axial effective range 1 .1 of the press rolls 1 a, 1 b shown in FIG. 5 a is selected to be smaller than the longest extent 100 'of the smallest, so especially shortest, intended for processing container 100.1 b, so that it must be fed forcibly in the direction of its largest extension 100 'of the device.
- the wings 17a, b may have an increasing elasticity in their course towards the free end.
- Wing 17b is supported on its rear side approximately in the central region, by the rear end edge 17a2 one, in particular of the other wing 17a, wherein there are preferably only two wings 17 a, b distributed over the circumference.
- FIG. 7 a with a detail enlargement as FIG. 7 b shows a considerably simpler design of the second construction of the compacting device.
- the pressing device 1 consists only of a single press roll 1 a, which pulls the hollow body 100.1 a between this press roll 1 a and a distance to the circumference extending press-guide surface 2 'through the press slot 2, wherein the press Guide surface 2 'is preferably the extension of the wing sliding surface 23 of the upstream supply device 20.
- the compression device 3 is constructed much simpler:
- this plate-shaped stop 13 is pivotally mounted away from the direction of passage through the press slot 2 and is prestressed in the direction of the press device 1 by means of a spring 15.
- This compression device 3 is thus essentially a braking device 16 for the pushed out of the pressing device 1 flattened hollow body 100.2a.
- a guide slot 12 connects, formed on the one hand by the scraper surfaces 9 'of the scrapers 9 of the press roll 1 a and on the other hand, a compression guide surface fifth ', the in the extension of the press-guide surface 2 'in the direction of passage 10 over the region of the press roll 1 a addition.
- a middle way between the first design of FIGS. 2 and 3 and the second design of FIG. 7a represents the third design according to FIG. 8:
- the pressing device 1 is constructed the same as in the second embodiment according to the figures 7a, b, but with the difference that the only existing press roll 1 a either directly up to the press-guide surface 2 'approaches or even in corresponding, in Passage direction 10 extending grooves in the component, here a plate whose outer surface is the press-guide surface 2 ', immersed to effect a cutting through the wall of the hollow body 100.1 a through the teeth 4.1 of this press roller 1 a.
- the compression device 3 differs from those of Figures 7a, b in that it has no plate-shaped stopper 13, but a rotating compression roller 3a analogous to the upset roller 3a of the first design, which is arranged in the direction of passage after the press roll 1 a, and one in Distance to opposite compression guide surface 5 ', between which the compression slot 5 is formed.
- the compression guide surface 5 ' is the extension of the press-guide surface 2'.
- Figure 8 can thus be seen as the left half of compression slot 5 and press slot 2 of the first design according to the figures 2a, b, 3a to c, wherein the half is replaced to the right of the press-guide surface 2 'and the subsequent Compression guide surface 5 ', which, preferably without paragraph, merge into one another.
- the advantage is achieved that the compressed hollow body 100.3a is additionally compressed by this design of the compression device 3 again transverse to the direction of passage 10 to a compressed and compressed hollow body 100.4a and thereby further compacted.
- FIGS. 4 a, b, 5 a, b show a press roll 1 a and a compression roll 3 a, respectively in side view and end view, and in their assembled state in FIG. 6:
- FIG. 5a shows in the side view, ie transversely to the axis of rotation 1 'a of the illustrated press roll 1 a, first the active area 1 .1 in the middle, in which the tooth-ring areas 14 occupied in the circumferential direction with teeth 4.1 in the axial direction 1' a of the press roll 1 a with annular grooves 8 alternate whose groove bottom has a smaller diameter than the base diameter 18 of the press roll 1 a, from which the teeth 4.1 a protrude outward.
- the grooves 8 in the axial direction are preferably wider than teeth 4.1.
- the bearing journals 1 .2 are axially projecting, with which this pressure roller 1 a is mounted in the two side cheeks, as can be seen in or on FIGS. 1 a, b.
- the second press roller 1 b is arranged with respect to the arrangement of their tooth-ring portions 14 and their grooves 8 to the first so that their teeth 4.1 radially engage in the grooves 8 of the first press roll 1 a and vice versa , wherein preferably the teeth 4.1 of a press roll 1 b radially no more than dive to the base diameter 18 between the tooth ring portions 14 of the other press roll 1 b, as best in the end view of two intermeshing such press rolls 1 a and 1 b in Figure 5b to recognize.
- the base diameter 18 is present in Fig. 5a frontally outside of the last in the axial direction of the last tooth-ring portion 14 and shown.
- the teeth 4.1 which are preferably uniformly distributed over the circumference, each have a front edge 4.1a leading to the free radially outer end, thereby forming a hook-like front end region of the tooth 4.1 is that can engage and cut with its sharp radially outer edge in the wall material of the container 100.1.
- an upsetting roll 3 a is in side view and two compression rolls 3 a, b meshing with one another, that is to say in their interaction, in front view, from which the difference in design with respect to a press roll 1 a becomes clear:
- the extent of a tooth-ring area 14 is substantially greater than the axial extent of the distances 8 'between the axially spaced-apart teeth 4.3.
- the two adjacent to parallel axes 3'a, 3'b rotating press rolls 3a, b can engage each other only that they - as shown in Fig. 4b recognizable - are positioned in their mutual rotational position so that in the upsetting nip 5 of in the axial direction considered tooth 4.3 of a press roll 3a between two circumferentially adjacent teeth 4.3 of the adjacent compression roll 3b dips, but not reached the base diameter 18 of this other press roll 3b and vice versa.
- the mutual distance in both the radial direction and in the circumferential direction is required for receiving the material of the intermediate, already flattened container 100.2, in contrast to the press rollers according to Fig. 5a, b, in which a play in the axial direction between adjacent teeth 4.1 is not mandatory or even should be avoided to cause a cutting of the wall material of the container 100.2.
- Fig. 6 shows in a side view corresponding to the figures 5a, 4a, the arrangement of a press roll 1 a to the adjacent compression roll 3a.
- plate-shaped scrapers 9 which extend with their main plane perpendicular to the direction of rotation 1 'a and immerse in each of the grooves 8 of the press roll 1 a and zoom as close as possible to its good cause, there possibly adhering material of the hollow body the rotation of the press roll 1 a to remove from this.
- the compression roll 3a shown below two different possibilities are shown next to each other:
- the wipers 9 end in front of the outer circumference of the teeth 4.3 of the compression roll 3a, wherein they continue in the direction of the figure 6 behind this still in the direction of rotation 3'a.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102017105526.6A DE102017105526A1 (de) | 2017-03-15 | 2017-03-15 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Kompaktieren von Hohlkörpern mittels Stauchen |
PCT/EP2018/056239 WO2018167060A1 (de) | 2017-03-15 | 2018-03-13 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum kompaktieren von hohlkörpern mittels stauchen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3458257A1 true EP3458257A1 (de) | 2019-03-27 |
EP3458257B1 EP3458257B1 (de) | 2022-08-17 |
Family
ID=61683775
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP18711528.2A Active EP3458257B1 (de) | 2017-03-15 | 2018-03-13 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum kompaktieren von hohlkörpern mittels stauchen |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20200189223A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3458257B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6918960B2 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102017105526A1 (de) |
PL (1) | PL3458257T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2018167060A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11453189B2 (en) | 2019-01-31 | 2022-09-27 | Tomra Systems Asa | Device for compression of emptied containers for recycling purposes |
CN113771473B (zh) * | 2021-08-18 | 2023-09-29 | 中策永通电缆有限公司 | 适应多尺寸及自动检测高分子墙板的压合设备 |
IT202200004829A1 (it) * | 2022-03-14 | 2023-09-14 | Polytech Lab S R L | Dispositivo per l’ottimizzazione della raccolta delle bottiglie di plastica destinate al riciclo |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5522311A (en) * | 1995-05-12 | 1996-06-04 | Tomra Systems A/S | Beverage container compacting device having endless belts with puncturing members |
US5746378A (en) | 1995-06-23 | 1998-05-05 | Marathon Equipment Company | Volume reduction machine |
JPH10328894A (ja) * | 1997-06-05 | 1998-12-15 | Senda:Kk | 容器の減容処理装置 |
JPH1157647A (ja) * | 1997-08-13 | 1999-03-02 | Kiyoudai:Kk | プラスチック容器等の圧縮機構 |
JPH11291092A (ja) | 1998-04-07 | 1999-10-26 | Nakayo Telecommun Inc | 容器潰し機 |
US6675947B2 (en) * | 2001-03-30 | 2004-01-13 | Can & Bottle Systems, Inc. | Recycling machine with container compacting system |
JP3997541B2 (ja) * | 2002-09-30 | 2007-10-24 | 三和産業株式会社 | ペットボトル用圧潰装置 |
KR200353068Y1 (ko) * | 2004-03-11 | 2004-06-14 | 김민식 | 페트병 압착기 |
DE102006033615A1 (de) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-10-25 | Hermann Scharfen Maschinenfabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Einheit zum Kompaktieren von Hohlkörpern |
DE102006020592A1 (de) * | 2006-05-02 | 2007-11-08 | Hans-Hermann Trautwein Sb-Technik Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Verdichten von Hohlkörpern |
DE202008012248U1 (de) | 2008-09-11 | 2008-11-27 | Schwelling, Hermann | Vorrichtung zum Zusammendrücken leerer, verformbarer Behälter |
EP2692514B1 (de) | 2012-07-31 | 2019-06-26 | Wincor Nixdorf International GmbH | Kompaktierungsvorrichtung und Verfahren zum Kompaktieren von Gebinden |
EP2692515B1 (de) | 2012-07-31 | 2015-09-16 | Wincor Nixdorf International GmbH | Kompaktierungsvorrichtung zum Kompaktieren von Gebinden |
US10195805B2 (en) * | 2013-01-16 | 2019-02-05 | Hermann Schwelling | Pressure roller for an apparatus for compaction of empty beverage containers |
DE102016207702A1 (de) | 2016-05-04 | 2017-11-09 | Ernst Hombach Gmbh & Co. Kg | Kompaktierungsvorrichtung für Leergutrücknahmeautomaten |
-
2017
- 2017-03-15 DE DE102017105526.6A patent/DE102017105526A1/de active Pending
-
2018
- 2018-03-13 JP JP2019549376A patent/JP6918960B2/ja active Active
- 2018-03-13 US US16/304,954 patent/US20200189223A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2018-03-13 WO PCT/EP2018/056239 patent/WO2018167060A1/de unknown
- 2018-03-13 EP EP18711528.2A patent/EP3458257B1/de active Active
- 2018-03-13 PL PL18711528.2T patent/PL3458257T3/pl unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20200189223A1 (en) | 2020-06-18 |
EP3458257B1 (de) | 2022-08-17 |
JP2020514073A (ja) | 2020-05-21 |
DE102017105526A1 (de) | 2018-09-20 |
JP6918960B2 (ja) | 2021-08-11 |
WO2018167060A1 (de) | 2018-09-20 |
PL3458257T3 (pl) | 2022-11-21 |
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