EP3453464B1 - Roller application of lacquers and wood surfaces - Google Patents

Roller application of lacquers and wood surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3453464B1
EP3453464B1 EP18193716.0A EP18193716A EP3453464B1 EP 3453464 B1 EP3453464 B1 EP 3453464B1 EP 18193716 A EP18193716 A EP 18193716A EP 3453464 B1 EP3453464 B1 EP 3453464B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roller
sealing layer
wood
pores
die
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EP18193716.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3453464A3 (en
EP3453464A2 (en
Inventor
Dirk Conrad
Marcel DÜLGE
Didier NOREILLIE
Stephan Rose
Pawel Salamonowicz
Tim LOHRSTRÄTER
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Hesse & Co KG GmbH
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Hesse & Co KG GmbH
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Priority to PL18193716T priority Critical patent/PL3453464T3/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/28—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. brushes, pads, rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/40—Distributing applied liquids or other fluent materials by members moving relatively to surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/12—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a matt or rough surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D7/00—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D7/06—Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials to wood
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2203/00—Other substrates
    • B05D2203/20—Wood or similar material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2252/00—Sheets
    • B05D2252/04—Sheets of definite length in a continuous process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
    • B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
    • B05D3/065—After-treatment
    • B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/04—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of wood or with a top layer of wood, e.g. with wooden or metal connecting members

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for coating substrates made of wood or a wood-based material with open pores, in order to seal the pores with a closed sealing layer and at the same time to keep the pore structure in an optically visible manner.
  • Varnish can be applied to wooden surfaces (solid wood, veneered wood materials) using different methods. Both spraying, casting and rolling processes are known, particularly in the field of paint application on an industrial scale. Spraying processes are used most frequently, as all shapes and colors can be processed. Disadvantages such as high paint losses etc. are accepted. In the case of casting processes, substrates that are essentially flat and poorly shaped run through a curtain of paint in order to ensure that the paint is applied evenly. This process is used, for example, to achieve high-quality, smooth top coat applications, for example in the industrial production of doors and furniture fronts. Roller application processes are used to coat flat substrates. The lacquer is typically applied to the substrate by means of a rotating rubber roller (application roller).
  • application roller application roller
  • Dosing takes place with the help of a dosing roller and / or by setting the contact pressure of the rubber roller or the gap width between the dosing and application roller.
  • the paint application can be operated in parallel or counter-rotating manner in roller application processes. Both systems can also be used in combination.
  • the lacquer is applied to the substrate so that wood pores and veneer joints in particular are filled.
  • the applied lacquer layer is optimally smoothed so that high-quality, structure-free, smooth surfaces are obtained.
  • the document DE 35 17 100 A1 shows an arrangement for the impregnation of paper webs coated or varnished on one side in the production of decorative films with a finished effect.
  • the aim is to ensure that an amount of resin below the maximum absorption capacity of the paper can be introduced uniformly into the paper cross-section.
  • an arrangement is to be provided on an impregnation section with which the resin metering can be controlled as required while the impregnation process has already started.
  • a horizontally adjustable roller doctor is also arranged between a resin application device, which is arranged downstream of a preheating roller is, and a further, provided for the impregnation of the paper web heating roller.
  • a horizontally adjustable roller doctor is also arranged.
  • the surface to be treated is wetted with a treatment liquid that contains a synthetic resin suitable for binding wood dust.
  • a treatment liquid that contains a synthetic resin suitable for binding wood dust.
  • the wetted surface is sanded in order to drive the wood dust together with a quantitative proportion of the synthetic resin into the pores, whereby the surface is kept continuously wetted with a wetting liquid in which the synthetic resin is not at all or at most only sparingly soluble .
  • the treatment liquid is a coating solution which contains the resinous substance dissolved in a solvent and which at the same time also forms a sealing coating on the surface being treated when this solvent evaporates.
  • the document DE 10 2004 007 503 B3 relates to a method and a device for coating elements made of natural and / or wood fiber-containing materials with paint systems, in which a base paint system and subsequently a top paint system is applied to the element.
  • a workpiece coated with the base coat system is treated by means of a calender to press down erect fibers and a subsequent brush to remove protruding fibers.
  • a topcoat system is applied in multiple layers using several roller coating machines.
  • a layer of reactive hot melt based on a polyurethane is first applied to at least part of a surface of the carrier surface and then the surface of the layer applied in a previous step is applied with an embossing mold which has a negative shape of a three-dimensional structure to be produced on the carrier surface, embossed.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for coating wood or wood-based materials with open pores and / or structuring, in which the pore structure or the structuring remains optically visible even after the coating, although the pores are through a closed paint film are sealed and protected against the ingress of moisture or dirt or all areas of the structured surface are sealed with a closed paint film.
  • the present invention relates to the coating of substrates with open pores, whereby the pores are filled with varnish in such a way that they meet the requirements for a varnished wood surface (e.g. DIN EN 68861-1 furniture surfaces, behavior in the event of chemical stress), but nevertheless an optically open pore structure remains visible.
  • FIGS 1 a) and 1 b) schematically show partial areas of a paint application device suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • the invention therefore provides a method for coating substrates (wood or wood materials) as defined in claim 1.
  • substrates wood or wood materials
  • Preferred configurations are specified in the subclaims and the description below.
  • Possible applications are the coating of plate-shaped materials with a structured or porous surface, such as B. parquet, veneered chipboard or fiberboard (MDF or HDF panels).
  • MDF or HDF panels a structured or porous surface
  • the wood material is the one to be coated Oak or ash finish.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for coating oak parquet and oak veneers.
  • the amounts of material to be applied for the sealing layer depend on the viscosity of the paint, the feed speed of the rollers and the absorbency or porosity of the substrate.
  • a person skilled in the art can determine the settings and process parameters necessary according to the invention by simple preliminary tests in order to achieve a seal according to the invention on different substrates.
  • roller C it is essential to use roller C to remove material for the sealing layer that has penetrated into the pores before curing, in order to make the structure / open pores visible without detrimentally affecting the seal affect.
  • roller C is critical (and not the ultimately remaining application amount), since, for example, comparative investigations only with roller A or with rollers A and B (with the same remaining application amount ) does not show the effect according to the invention.
  • An adhesive primer (e.g. Hesse HUW 8831) with a coating amount of 10-15 g / m 2 was applied to oak parquet (completely sanded, sanding 180, dusted), followed by complete drying.
  • a UV lacquer (e.g. Hesse UG 7328) was applied using a roller A at an application rate of approx. 50 g.
  • a spatula roller B 10-15 g were removed but at the same time a good penetration depth of the applied lacquer into the pores was ensured, so that an application amount of 35-40 g / m 2 remained, which made the pore structure partially visible, but not yet in one sufficient measure.
  • the parquet sealed according to the invention was evaluated with regard to the sealing of the pores in order to ensure that the parquet treated according to the invention not only makes the pore structure visible but also enables reliable and complete sealing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Substraten aus Holz oder einem Holzwerkstoff mit offenen Poren, um die Poren mit einer geschlossenen Versiegelungsschicht zu versiegeln und zugleich die Porenstruktur optisch sichtbar zu erhalten.The present invention relates to a method for coating substrates made of wood or a wood-based material with open pores, in order to seal the pores with a closed sealing layer and at the same time to keep the pore structure in an optically visible manner.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Lackauftrag auf Holzoberflächen (Vollholz, furnierte Holzwerkstoffe) kann durch unterschiedliche Verfahren erfolgen. Bekannt sind insbesondere im Bereich der Lackaufbringung im industriellen Maßstab sowohl Spritz-, Gieß- als auch Walzverfahren. Am häufigsten werden Spritzverfahren eingesetzt, da hierbei alle Formen und Farben verarbeitet werden können. Nachteile wie hohe Lackverluste etc. werden in Kauf genommen. Bei Gießverfahren durchlaufen im wesentlichen ebene und wenig geformte Substrate einen Lackvorhang, um so einen gleichmäßigen Lackauftrag zu sichern. Dieses Verfahren wird beispielsweise zur Erzielung von qualitativ hochwertigen glatten Decklackaufträgen eingesetzt, beispielsweise bei der industriellen Fertigung von Türen und Möbelfronten. Walzenauftragungsverfahren werden bei der Beschichtung von planen Substraten eingesetzt. Der Lack wird dabei typischerweise mittels einer rotierenden Gummiwalze (Auftragswalze) auf das Substrat aufgetragen. Die Dosierung erfolgt mithilfe einer Dosierwalze und /oder durch Einstellung von Anpressdruck der Gummiwalze bzw. Spaltbreite zwischen Dosier- und Auftragswalze. Der Lackauftrag kann bei Walzenauftragungsverfahren in gleichlaufender oder gegenlaufender Weise betrieben werden. Beide Systeme können auch in Kombination eingesetzt werden. So wird in einem ersten gleichlaufenden Walzenauftragungsschritt der Lack auf das Substrat aufgebracht, so dass sich insbesondere Holzporen und Furnierfugen gefüllt werden. Im darauffolgenden gegenlaufenden Walzenauftragungsschritt wird die aufgetragene Lackschicht optimal geglättet, so dass hochwertige, strukturfreie, glatte Oberflächen erhalten werden.
Das Dokument DE 35 17 100 A1 zeigt bereits eine Anordnung zum Imprägnieren einseitig gestrichener oder lackierter Papierbahnen bei der Herstellung von Dekorfolien mit Fertigeffekt. Es soll erreicht werden, dass eine Harzmenge unterhalb der maximalen Aufnahmefähigkeit des Papieres gleichmäßig in den Papierquerschnitt eingebracht werden kann. Hierzu ist an einer Imprägnierstrecke eine Anordnung vorzusehen, mit der die Harzdosierung noch während des bereits eingeleiteten Imprägniervorganges beliebig gesteuert werden kann. Zwischen einer Harzauftrageinrichtung, die einer Vorwärmwalze nachgeordnet ist, und einer weiter, für die Imprägnierung der Papierbahn vorgesehenen Heizwalze ist zudem ein horizontal verstellbares Rollrakel angeordnet.
Weiterhin ist aus dem Dokument CH 445 095 A ein Verfahren zum Behandeln von mit einem Überzug zu versehenden Oberflächen aus Holz oder Kunstholz bekannt, um diese zu glätten und gleichzeitig in einem Arbeitsgang die oberflächlichen Poren zu füllen. Dazu wird die zu behandelnde Oberfläche mit einer Behandlungsflüssigkeit benetzt, die ein zum Binden von Holzschleifstaub geeignetes Kunstharz enthält. Unmittelbar danach wird die benetzte Oberfläche geschliffen, um den Holzstaub zusammen mit einem mengenmäßigen Anteil des Kunstharzes in die Poren zu treiben, wobei die Oberfläche während des Schleifens durchgehend mit einer Benetzungsflüssigkeit benetzt gehalten wird, in welcher das Kunstharz gar nicht oder höchstens nur schwer löslich ist. Dabei ist die Behandlungsflüssigkeit eine Überziehlösung, welche die harzige Substanz in einem Lösungsmittel gelöst enthält und welche bei Verflüchtigung dieses Lösungsmittels auf der in Behandlung befindlichen Oberfläche gleichzeitig zusätzlich einen Versiegelungsüberzug bildet.
Das Dokument DE 10 2004 007 503 B3 betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Beschichtung von Elementen aus natur- und/oder holzfaserhaltigen Werkstoffen mit Lacksystemen, in dem auf das Element ein Grundlacksystem und nachfolgend ein Decklacksystem aufgetragen wird. Dazu wird ein mit dem Grundlacksystem beschichtetes Werkstück mittels eines Kalanders zum Niederdrücken von aufgerichteten Fasern sowie einer nachfolgenden Bürste zum Entfernen vorstehender Fasern behandelt. Schließlich wird ein Decklacksystem mehrschichtig mittels mehrerer Walzlackiermaschinen aufgetragen.
Aus dem Dokument US 2015/086 772 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung einer Holzoberfläche bekannt, bei der mittels einer ersten Walze ein UV-härtbarer Lack auf eine Holzoberfläche aufgetragen wird und anschließend mittels einer gegenläufigen Walze wieder ein Teil entfernt wird, um eine besonders glatte Oberfläche zu erhalten und Defekte im Holz aufzufüllen.
Schließlich zeigt das Dokument DE 10 2015 005 495 A1 ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von strukturierten Oberflächen auf einer Trägerfläche. Dazu wird zunächst eine Schicht aus Reaktiv-Schmelzmasse auf Basis eines Polyurethans auf mindestens einen Teil einer Oberfläche der Trägerfläche aufgebracht und nachfolgend die Oberfläche der in einem vorhergehenden Schritt aufgebrachten Schicht mit einer Prägeform, welche eine Negativform einer auf der Trägerfläche zu erzeugenden dreidimensionalen Struktur aufweist, geprägt.Varnish can be applied to wooden surfaces (solid wood, veneered wood materials) using different methods. Both spraying, casting and rolling processes are known, particularly in the field of paint application on an industrial scale. Spraying processes are used most frequently, as all shapes and colors can be processed. Disadvantages such as high paint losses etc. are accepted. In the case of casting processes, substrates that are essentially flat and poorly shaped run through a curtain of paint in order to ensure that the paint is applied evenly. This process is used, for example, to achieve high-quality, smooth top coat applications, for example in the industrial production of doors and furniture fronts. Roller application processes are used to coat flat substrates. The lacquer is typically applied to the substrate by means of a rotating rubber roller (application roller). Dosing takes place with the help of a dosing roller and / or by setting the contact pressure of the rubber roller or the gap width between the dosing and application roller. The paint application can be operated in parallel or counter-rotating manner in roller application processes. Both systems can also be used in combination. Thus, in a first synchronous roller application step, the lacquer is applied to the substrate so that wood pores and veneer joints in particular are filled. In the subsequent counter-rotating roller application step, the applied lacquer layer is optimally smoothed so that high-quality, structure-free, smooth surfaces are obtained.
The document DE 35 17 100 A1 shows an arrangement for the impregnation of paper webs coated or varnished on one side in the production of decorative films with a finished effect. The aim is to ensure that an amount of resin below the maximum absorption capacity of the paper can be introduced uniformly into the paper cross-section. For this purpose, an arrangement is to be provided on an impregnation section with which the resin metering can be controlled as required while the impregnation process has already started. Between a resin application device, which is arranged downstream of a preheating roller is, and a further, provided for the impregnation of the paper web heating roller, a horizontally adjustable roller doctor is also arranged.
Furthermore, from the document CH 445 095 A a method for treating surfaces made of wood or synthetic wood to be provided with a coating is known in order to smooth them and at the same time to fill the superficial pores in one operation. For this purpose, the surface to be treated is wetted with a treatment liquid that contains a synthetic resin suitable for binding wood dust. Immediately afterwards the wetted surface is sanded in order to drive the wood dust together with a quantitative proportion of the synthetic resin into the pores, whereby the surface is kept continuously wetted with a wetting liquid in which the synthetic resin is not at all or at most only sparingly soluble . The treatment liquid is a coating solution which contains the resinous substance dissolved in a solvent and which at the same time also forms a sealing coating on the surface being treated when this solvent evaporates.
The document DE 10 2004 007 503 B3 relates to a method and a device for coating elements made of natural and / or wood fiber-containing materials with paint systems, in which a base paint system and subsequently a top paint system is applied to the element. For this purpose, a workpiece coated with the base coat system is treated by means of a calender to press down erect fibers and a subsequent brush to remove protruding fibers. Finally, a topcoat system is applied in multiple layers using several roller coating machines.
From the document US 2015/086 772 A1 a method for coating a wood surface is known in which a UV-curable lacquer is applied to a wood surface by means of a first roller and then a part is removed again by means of a counter-rotating roller in order to obtain a particularly smooth surface and to fill in defects in the wood.
Finally the document shows DE 10 2015 005 495 A1 a process for the production of structured surfaces on a carrier surface. For this purpose, a layer of reactive hot melt based on a polyurethane is first applied to at least part of a surface of the carrier surface and then the surface of the layer applied in a previous step is applied with an embossing mold which has a negative shape of a three-dimensional structure to be produced on the carrier surface, embossed.

Holzoberflächen sollen heute wie unbehandeltes Holz aussehen, jedoch die Beständigkeit und die Güte von lackierten oder von Kunststoffoberflächen aufweisen. Dieses kann nur erreicht werden, wenn die verwendeten Lacke einen hohen Mattgrad aufweisen und die Holzoberfläche fehlerfrei und vollständig umschließen. Bei der Beschichtung von offenporigem Holz (insbesondere gebürstete Eiche) ist die Beschichtung der tiefen Poren problematisch. Entweder ist die Pore in der Tiefe auch nach der Lackierung nicht benetzt und damit ungeschützt, oder die Pore ist vollständig mit Lack gefüllt und die Holzoberfläche läßt keine Porenstruktur mehr erkennen. Ähnliches gilt auch bei strukturierten Oberflächen, bei denen konventionelle Lackauftragungen dazu führen können, dass entweder Teilbereiche nicht oder nur ungenügend mit Lack bedeckt werden oder durch einen übermäßig starken Lackauftrag die Strukturierung der Oberfläche verlorengeht.Today, wooden surfaces should look like untreated wood, but have the durability and quality of painted or plastic surfaces. This can only be achieved if the paints used have a high degree of matting and completely enclose the wood surface without defects. When coating open-pored wood (especially brushed oak), coating the deep pores is problematic. Either the deep pore is not wetted even after painting and is therefore unprotected, or the pore is completely filled with paint and the wood surface no longer shows any pore structure. The same applies to structured surfaces, where conventional ones are The application of varnish can result in partial areas not being covered with varnish, or only insufficiently covered, or the structuring of the surface being lost due to an excessive application of varnish.

Ziel der ErfindungObject of the invention

Die vorliegende Erfindung stellt sich also die Aufgabe, ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Holz oder Holzwerkstoffen mit offenen Poren und/oder Strukturierung zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei dem auch nach dem Beschichten die Porenstruktur bzw. die Strukturierung optisch sichtbar bleibt, obwohl die Poren durch einen geschlossenen Lackfilm versiegelt und gegen Eindringen von Feuchtigkeit oder Schmutz geschützt sind bzw. alle Bereiche der strukturierten Oberfläche mit einem geschlossenen Lackfilm versiegelt sind. Insbesondere betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung die Beschichtung von Substraten mit offenen Poren, wodurch die Poren so mit Lack gefüllt werden, dass sie den Anforderungen an eine lackierte Holzoberfläche (z. B. DIN EN 68861-1 Möbeloberflächen, Verhalten bei chemischer Beanspruchung) genügen, aber trotzdem eine optisch offene Porenstruktur sichtbar bleibt.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a method for coating wood or wood-based materials with open pores and / or structuring, in which the pore structure or the structuring remains optically visible even after the coating, although the pores are through a closed paint film are sealed and protected against the ingress of moisture or dirt or all areas of the structured surface are sealed with a closed paint film. In particular, the present invention relates to the coating of substrates with open pores, whereby the pores are filled with varnish in such a way that they meet the requirements for a varnished wood surface (e.g. DIN EN 68861-1 furniture surfaces, behavior in the event of chemical stress), but nevertheless an optically open pore structure remains visible.

Kurze Beschreibung der ErfindungBrief description of the invention

Diese Aufgabe wird durch das Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen finden sich in den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 10 sowie in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung.This object is achieved by the method according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments can be found in subclaims 2 to 10 and in the following description.

Kurze Beschreibung der FigurenBrief description of the figures

Figuren 1 a) und 1 b) zeigen schematisch Teilbereiche einer Lackauftragungsvorrichtung, geeignet zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Figures 1 a) and 1 b) schematically show partial areas of a paint application device suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention.

Detaillierte Beschreibung der ErfindungDetailed description of the invention

Die Erfindung stellt also ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Substraten (Holz- oder Holzwerkstoffe) zur Verfügung, wie in Anspruch 1 definiert. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen sind in den Unteransprüchen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung angegeben. Anwendungsmöglichkeiten sind die Beschichtung plattenförmiger Werkstoffe mit einer strukturierten oder porenhaltigen Oberfläche, wie z. B. Parkett, furnierte Spanplatten oder Faserplatten (MDF- oder HDF-Platten). Häufig ist das Holzmaterial der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche Eiche oder Esche. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eignet sich insbesondere zur Beschichtung von Eichenparkett und Eichenfurnieren.The invention therefore provides a method for coating substrates (wood or wood materials) as defined in claim 1. Preferred configurations are specified in the subclaims and the description below. Possible applications are the coating of plate-shaped materials with a structured or porous surface, such as B. parquet, veneered chipboard or fiberboard (MDF or HDF panels). Often the wood material is the one to be coated Oak or ash finish. The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for coating oak parquet and oak veneers.

In nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsformen kann dieses Verfahren die folgenden Verfahrensschritte umfassen:

  1. a) Bereitstellen eines Substrats (z.B. in der Form einer Trägerplatte aus Holz oder Holzwerkstoff) mit offenen Poren und/oder einer strukturierten Oberfläche. Mit einer Beschichtungsvorrichtung zum Auftrag von Lack, wie schematisch in Figur 1 a) gezeigt, kann auf ein derartiges Substrat eine Versiegelungsschicht aufgebracht werden. Der Ausdruck Versiegelungsschicht bezeichnet dabei z.B. eine Lackschicht, die das Substrat vollständig beispielsweise gegenüber dem Einfluss von Wasser schützt. Aufgetragen wird dabei üblicherweise eine Formulierung geeigneter Zusammensetzung, die nach einer zusätzlichen Behandlung, wie einer Aushärtung die endgültige Versiegelungsschicht ergibt.
  2. b) Aufbringen einer Versiegelungsschicht (z. B. ein UV härtender Lack) mittels einer Walze A. Dazu wird beispielsweise, wie in Figur 1 a) schematisch gezeigt, das Substrat in der durch den Pfeil gezeigten Transportrichtung mit der Auftragswalze A in Kontakt gebracht. Die Dosierung des Materials für die Versiegelungsschicht kann durch die ebenfalls gezeigte Dosierwalze (in der Figur links neben der Walze A) erfolgen.
  3. c) vorzugsweise Verteilen der Versiegelungsschicht mittels einer Walze B. (dies kann die Benetzung der Holzpore bis in die Tiefe durch überschüssiges Versiegelungsmaterial verbessern). In Figur 1 a) ist diese Spachtelwalze B rechts neben der Auftragungswalze gezeigt. Diese Walze ist, wie schematisch gezeigt, vorzugsweise in unmittelbarer Nähe zur Walze A vorgesehen. Diese Walze kann auch dazu dienen, bereits einen Teil des aufgebrachten Materials der Versiegelungsschicht zu entfernen. Geeignete Ausgestaltungen sowohl der Walze A als auch der Walze B sind dem Fachmann bekannt. Die Kombination von Auftragswalze, Walze A und B ist auch als Spachtelmaschine bekannt. Ebenso kann eine Reversmaschine an dieser Stelle verwendet werden.
  4. d) Teilweises Entfernen der Versiegelungsschicht aus den Poren mittels einer Walze C (hierdurch wird die Poren-Struktur des Holzes wieder sichtbar). Diese Walze, gezeigt in Figur 1 b) ist als Glattwalze ausgestaltet. Auch hier kann vorzugsweise erneut eine Dosierwalze in Kombination mit der Walze C vorgesehen werden, wobei die Auftragungsmenge des Materials für die Versiegelungsschicht hier so eingestellt ist, dass lediglich ein Minimalauftrag erfolgt, so dass in Summe Material entfernt wird. Auch in Figur 1 b) ist die Transportrichtung des Substrats durch den Pfeil angegeben.
  5. e) Aushärten der Versiegelungsschicht, z. B mit UV-Licht.
In embodiments not according to the invention, this method can comprise the following method steps:
  1. a) Providing a substrate (for example in the form of a carrier plate made of wood or wood material) with open pores and / or a structured surface. With a coating device for applying paint, as shown schematically in Figure 1 a) As shown, a sealing layer can be applied to such a substrate. The term sealing layer denotes, for example, a lacquer layer which completely protects the substrate, for example against the influence of water. A formulation of a suitable composition is usually applied which, after an additional treatment, such as curing, results in the final sealing layer.
  2. b) Application of a sealing layer (e.g. a UV-curing lacquer) by means of a roller A. For this purpose, for example, as in Figure 1 a) shown schematically, the substrate is brought into contact with the applicator roller A in the transport direction shown by the arrow. The metering of the material for the sealing layer can be done by the metering roller also shown (in the figure to the left of roller A).
  3. c) Preferably distributing the sealing layer by means of a roller B. (this can improve the wetting of the wood pore down to the depth by excess sealing material). In Figure 1 a) this spatula roller B is shown to the right of the application roller. As shown schematically, this roller is preferably provided in the immediate vicinity of roller A. This roller can also serve to remove part of the applied material of the sealing layer. Suitable configurations of both roller A and roller B are known to those skilled in the art. The combination of application roller, roller A and B is also known as a spatula machine. A reverse machine can also be used at this point.
  4. d) Partial removal of the sealing layer from the pores by means of a roller C (this makes the pore structure of the wood visible again). This roller, shown in Figure 1 b) is designed as a smooth roller. Here, too, a metering roller can preferably be provided again in combination with roller C, the application amount of the material for the sealing layer being set here so that only a minimal application takes place, so that in total material is removed. Also in Figure 1 b) the direction of transport of the substrate is indicated by the arrow.
  5. e) curing the sealing layer, e.g. B with UV light.

Überraschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, dass durch den Einsatz einer zusätzlichen Walze C ein Teil der in die Poren eingedrungene Lackmenge vor der Aushärtung einfach wieder entfernt werden kann, ohne dass die Versiegelung der Poren als solches beeinträchtigt wird, so dass die gewünschte offenporige Struktur erhalten wird. Nach Aushärten der Versiegelungsschicht ist die Pore zwar in der Tiefe benetzt und damit wasserdicht beschichtet, trotzdem ist die Porenstruktur sichtbar und entspricht optisch einer natürlichen Holzoberfläche. Die oben genannte Aufgabe wird also durch die Verwendung einer zusätzlichen Walze im Beschichtungsverfahren gelöst. Diese Walze entfernt überschüssigen Lack aus der Holzpore nachdem diese vollständig mit Lack gefüllt wurde.Surprisingly, it has been shown that by using an additional roller C, part of the amount of paint that has penetrated the pores can simply be removed again before curing, without affecting the sealing of the pores as such, so that the desired open-pored structure is obtained. After the sealing layer has hardened, the pore is deeply wetted and thus coated to be watertight, but the pore structure is still visible and optically corresponds to a natural wood surface. The above-mentioned object is thus achieved by using an additional roller in the coating process. This roller removes excess paint from the wood pore after it has been completely filled with paint.

Die aufzubringenden Mengen an Material für die Versiegelungsschicht hängen von der Viskosität des Lackes, der Vorschubgeschwindigkeit der Walzen, sowie der Saugfähigkeit bzw. Porosität des Untergrundes ab. Ein Fachmann kann die erfindungsgemäß notwendigen Einstellungen und Verfahrensparameter durch einfache Vorversuche ermitteln, um eine erfindungsgemäße Versiegelung auf unterschiedlichen Substraten zu erreichen. Wesentlich, wie bereits ausgeführt und auch durch das nachfolgende Beispiel belegt, ist der Einsatz der Walze C, um in die Poren eingedrungenes Material für die Versiegelungsschicht vor der Aushärtung zu entfernen, um so die Struktur/Offenporigkeit sichtbar zu machen, ohne die Versiegelung nachteilig zu beeinträchtigen. Im Rahmen der zur vorliegenden Erfindung führenden Untersuchungen hat sich in diesem Zusammenhang gezeigt, dass der Einsatz der Walze C kritisch ist (und nicht die letztendlich verbleibende Auftragungsmenge), da beispielsweise Vergleichsuntersuchungen lediglich mit Walze A oder mit Walze A und B (bei gleicher verbleibenden Auftragungsmenge) nicht den erfindungsgemäßen Effekt zeigt.The amounts of material to be applied for the sealing layer depend on the viscosity of the paint, the feed speed of the rollers and the absorbency or porosity of the substrate. A person skilled in the art can determine the settings and process parameters necessary according to the invention by simple preliminary tests in order to achieve a seal according to the invention on different substrates. As already stated and also demonstrated by the following example, it is essential to use roller C to remove material for the sealing layer that has penetrated into the pores before curing, in order to make the structure / open pores visible without detrimentally affecting the seal affect. In the context of the investigations leading to the present invention, it has been shown in this context that the use of roller C is critical (and not the ultimately remaining application amount), since, for example, comparative investigations only with roller A or with rollers A and B (with the same remaining application amount ) does not show the effect according to the invention.

Für die einzelnen oben genannten Verfahrensschritte können folgende Ausführungsformen insbesondere Anwendung finden:

  1. a) Das bereitgestellte Substrat ist bevorzugt aus Eiche oder ein Holzwerkstoff mit einer Holzoberfläche aus Eiche (Furnier). Vor dem Lackauftrag kann dieses bevorzugt aber auch jedes andere hier beschriebene Substrat bekannten Oberflächenbehandlungen unterworfen werden, wie einer Schleifbehandlung (z.B. Rohholzschliff z. B. 120, 150, 180). Die zu beschichtende Oberfläche kann auch mit einem Haftprimer oder einer Beize vorbehandelt sein.
  2. b) Das Aufbringen einer Versiegelungsschicht (z. B. ein UV härtender Lack), bevorzugt mit einer typischen Lackauftragungsmenge von 20-100 g/m2, stärker bevorzugt 40 bis 80 g/m2, erfolgt mittels einer Spachtelmaschine (Auftragswalze A und Spachtelwalze B) oder ähnlichem Verfahren (Reversmaschine). Dieser Materialauftrag wird hier auch als Auftrag eines Materials für die Versiegelungsschicht bezeichnet. Hierdurch wird mit viel überschüssigem Material (Lack) die Oberfläche beschichtet, so dass die Versieglung der Pore gesichert ist. Insbesondere wird durch die zweite Walze B gesichert, dass eine ausreichende Menge des Lacks in die Poren eindringt. In einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform dient diese zweite Walze lediglich dazu, das Eindringen des Materials für die Versiegelungsschicht in die Poren des Substrats zu sichern. Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Behandlung allerdings so durchgeführt, dass gleichzeitig bereits eine gewisse Menge des aufgebrachten Lacks wieder entfernt wird. Dem Fachmann sind die dazu notwendigen Einstellungen für die zweite Walze bekannt, bzw. er kann diese durch einfache Vorversuche herausfinden. In dieser Ausführungsform werden optional etwa 10 bis 40%, bevorzugt 15 bis 25% der durch die Walze A aufgetragenen Beschichtungsmenge wieder entfernt. So kann eine ausreichende Benetzung der Poren gesichert aber gleichzeitig die erfindungsgemäß gewünschte lebendige Struktur des beschichteten Substrats gesichert werden. Eine derartige Entfernung einer gewissen Menge an Lack kann durch eine Spachtelwalze erfolgen (die auch geeignet ist das Eindringen des Materials für die Versiegelungsschicht in die Poren zu errechnen), die optional mit geeigneten weiteren Vorrichtungen ausgestaltet ist, um die entfernte Lackmenge (Material für die Versiegelungsschicht) auszubringen (also zu verhindern, dass diese wieder mit dem Substrat in Kontakt kommt).
  3. c) Das weitere, d.h. zusätzlich zur Entfernung durch Walze B teilweise Entfernen der Versiegelungsschicht aus den Poren erfolgt mittels einer Glattwalze C. Diese ist typischer Weise so eingestellt, dass sie das gleiche Material (z. B. ein UV härtender Lack) wie die Auftragungswalze (z.B. die Spachtelmaschine) aufträgt, aber auf minimalste Auftragsmenge eingestellt ist. Effektiv wird dadurch nun überschüssiges Material aus den Poren wieder entfernt und die Poren-Struktur des Holzes wieder sichtbar. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform werden dabei etwa 5 bis 30% der ursprünglichen Auftragsmenge (Walze A), bevorzugt 10 bis 20% entfernt. Auch hier sind die spezifische Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens und die Ausgestaltung der notwendigen Vorrichtung (beispielsweise der Glattwalze) dem Fachmann bekannt bzw. er kann diese durch einfache Vorversuche einstellen. Wurde im Rahmen einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform durch die Walze B kein Material entfernt kann die durch die Walze C zu entfernende Materialmenge auch höher sein (durch geeignete Einstellungen). Geeignete prozentuale Werte für die Materialentfernung sind 15 bis 70%, bevorzugt 25 bis 45%. Alternativ kann auch eine zweite Walze C vorgesehen werden, wobei die durch die Walzen C jeweils zu entfernenden Materialmengen gleich oder verschieden sein können.
  4. d) Das Aushärten der Versiegelungsschicht erfolgt in konventioneller Art und Weise, z. B mit UV-Licht (meistens Quecksilberdampflampe, 80 W/cm) bei Einsatz eines UV-härtbaren Lacks. Derartige Lacke und damit die Aushärtung mit UV-Licht ist erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt, da so sehr schnell ein strapazierbarer fester Lackfilm erhalten werden kann. Die Aushärtung kann bei Einsatz anderer Lacktypen variieren, so können thermisch aushärtende Lacke beispielsweise mittels IR-Bestrahlung ausgehärtet werden. Der Fachmann kann dabei auf sein allgemeines Fachwissen zurückgreifen.
The following embodiments can be used in particular for the individual method steps mentioned above:
  1. a) The substrate provided is preferably made of oak or a wood-based material with a wooden surface made of oak (veneer). Before the lacquer is applied, however, any other substrate described here can preferably also be subjected to known surface treatments, such as a sanding treatment (for example raw wood sanding, e.g. 120, 150, 180). The surface to be coated can also be pretreated with an adhesive primer or a stain.
  2. b) The application of a sealing layer (e.g. a UV curing lacquer), preferably with a typical lacquer application amount of 20-100 g / m 2 , more preferably 40 to 80 g / m 2 , is carried out by means of a spatula machine (applicator roller A and spatula roller B) or a similar process (reverse machine). This material application is also referred to here as the application of a material for the sealing layer. As a result, the surface is coated with a lot of excess material (lacquer) so that the pore is sealed. In particular, the second roller B ensures that a sufficient quantity of the lacquer penetrates into the pores. In an embodiment not according to the invention, this second roller only serves to ensure that the material for the sealing layer penetrates into the pores of the substrate. According to the invention, however, this treatment is carried out in such a way that at the same time a certain amount of the applied paint is removed again. The settings required for this for the second roller are known to the person skilled in the art, or they can find them out through simple preliminary tests. In this embodiment, approximately 10 to 40%, preferably 15 to 25% of the amount of coating applied by roller A is removed again. Sufficient wetting of the pores can thus be ensured, but at the same time the lively structure of the coated substrate desired according to the invention can be ensured. Such a removal of a certain amount of varnish can be done by a spatula roller (which is also suitable for calculating the penetration of the material for the sealing layer into the pores), which is optionally designed with suitable further devices to remove the amount of varnish (material for the sealing layer ) to be applied (i.e. to prevent it from coming into contact with the substrate again).
  3. c) The further, ie in addition to the removal by roller B, partial removal of the sealing layer from the pores is carried out by means of a smooth roller C. This is typically set so that it uses the same material (e.g. a UV curing lacquer) as the application roller (e.g. the spatula machine), but is set to the minimum application amount. This effectively removes excess material from the pores and makes the pore structure of the wood visible again. In a preferred embodiment, about 5 to 30% of the original amount applied (roller A), preferably 10 to 20%, is removed. Here, too, the specific design of the method and the design of the necessary device (for example the smooth roller) are known to the person skilled in the art, or he can set them through simple preliminary tests. Was in the context of an embodiment not according to the invention by the roller B no material removed, the amount of material to be removed by the roller C can also be higher be (through suitable settings). Suitable percentage values for the material removal are 15 to 70%, preferably 25 to 45%. Alternatively, a second roller C can also be provided, wherein the amounts of material to be removed by the rollers C can be the same or different.
  4. d) The sealing layer is cured in a conventional manner, e.g. B with UV light (mostly mercury vapor lamp, 80 W / cm) when using a UV-curable lacquer. Such lacquers, and thus curing with UV light, is preferred according to the invention, since a hard-wearing, solid lacquer film can be obtained in this way very quickly. The curing can vary when other types of lacquer are used, for example thermally curing lacquers can be cured by means of IR radiation. The skilled person can fall back on his general specialist knowledge.

Beispielexample

Auf Eichenholzparkett (fertig geschliffen, Schliff 180, entstaubt) wurde ein Haftprimer (z. B. Hesse HUW 8831) mit einer Beschichtungsmenge von 10-15 g/m2 aufgebracht, anschließend wurde vollständig getrocknet. Durch eine Walze A wurde ein UV-Lack (z. B. Hesse UG 7328) bei einer Aufbringmenge von ca 50 g aufgebracht. Durch Einsatz einer Spachtelwalze B wurden 10-15 g entfernt aber gleichzeitig eine gute Eindringtiefe des aufgetragenen Lacks in die Poren gesichert, so dass eine Auftragungsmenge von 35-40 g/m2 verblieb, was die Porenstruktur teilweise sichtbar machte, jedoch noch nicht in einem ausreichenden Maß. Durch den Einsatz einer Glattwalze C wurden weitere 5-10 g entfernt, so dass eine Beschichtungsmenge von ca 30 g/m2 verblieb. Die Porenstruktur war gut sichtbar. Anschließend erfolgte eine Aushärtung durch UV Bestrahlung (3 Hg-Strahler 80 W/cm) bei 18m/min Vorschub. Es wurde eine qualitativ hochwertige Lackbeschichtung erhalten, die Poren waren versiegelt aber die Porenstruktur, wie erwünscht sichtbar. Ein Vergleichsbeispiel mit einem Lackauftrag von 30 g/m2 in einem Verfahren ohne Einsatz einer Glattwalze (gleiche Beschichtungsmenge) ergab eine unzureichende und ungleichmäßige Lackbeschichtung. Es konnte keine sichere Versiegelung der Poren erreicht werden und die offenporige Struktur war nicht wie gewünscht gleichmäßig sichtbar (teilweise vollständig glatter Lackfilm, der keine Porenstruktur sichtbar ließ).An adhesive primer (e.g. Hesse HUW 8831) with a coating amount of 10-15 g / m 2 was applied to oak parquet (completely sanded, sanding 180, dusted), followed by complete drying. A UV lacquer (e.g. Hesse UG 7328) was applied using a roller A at an application rate of approx. 50 g. By using a spatula roller B 10-15 g were removed but at the same time a good penetration depth of the applied lacquer into the pores was ensured, so that an application amount of 35-40 g / m 2 remained, which made the pore structure partially visible, but not yet in one sufficient measure. Using a smooth roller C, a further 5-10 g were removed, so that a coating amount of about 30 g / m 2 remained. The pore structure was clearly visible. This was followed by curing by means of UV irradiation (3 Hg lamps 80 W / cm) at a feed rate of 18 m / min. A high quality lacquer coating was obtained, the pores were sealed but the pore structure was visible as desired. A comparative example with a paint application of 30 g / m 2 in a process without the use of a smooth roller (same amount of coating) gave an inadequate and uneven paint coating. A reliable sealing of the pores could not be achieved and the open-pore structure was not evenly visible as desired (partially completely smooth paint film, which left no pore structure visible).

Das erfindungsgemäß versiegelte Parkett wurde im Hinblick auf Versiegelung der Poren evaluiert, um sicherzustellen, dass das erfindungsgemäß behandelte Parkett nicht nur die Porenstruktur sichtbar lässt sondern auch eine zuverlässige und vollständige Versiegelung ermöglicht.The parquet sealed according to the invention was evaluated with regard to the sealing of the pores in order to ensure that the parquet treated according to the invention not only makes the pore structure visible but also enables reliable and complete sealing.

Testergebnisse:Test results:

  • o keine Anfärbung der Pore durch Methylenblau-Lösungo no staining of the pore by methylene blue solution
  • o keine Verfärbung (Benetzung) des Holzes nach Wassertest, z.B. für 16 ho No discoloration (wetting) of the wood after a water test, e.g. for 16 h
  • o Dies beweist die zuverlässige und vollständige Versiegelung bis in die Tiefen der Poren hinein.o This proves the reliable and complete sealing down to the depths of the pores.

Claims (10)

  1. A method for coating substrates made of wood or a wood-based material having open pores, in order to seal the pores with a closed sealing layer and, at the same time, to ensure the pore structure remains optically visible, having the following method steps:
    a) providing a substrate with open pores,
    b) applying a material for a sealing layer by means of a first roller A,
    c) distributing the applied material of the sealing layer and removing a part of the applied material of the sealing layer by means of a second roller B, and subsequently
    d) partially removing the applied quantity of the material of the sealing layer from the pores by means of a third roller C, wherein the rollers A and B form a filling or a reversing machine, wherein the wood pores are completely filled with the material of the sealing layer by means of the roller B and, subsequently, the surplus material of the sealing layer is removed from the wood pore by means of the roller C, in order to make the pore structure of the wood visible again, wherein roller C is a smooth roller.
  2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the applied quantity of the material of the sealing layer is partially removed by means of the third roller C prior to curing and wherein the sealing layer is hardened and/or dried following the partial removal by means of the roller C.
  3. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the sealing layer is formed from a UV hardening lacquer.
  4. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the substrate has a surface made of oak or ash wood.
  5. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the substrate is selected from parquet, veneered chipboard or fiberboards, MDF or HDF boards.
  6. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein the applied quantity of the material of the sealing layer is from 10 to 200 g/m2.
  7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the applied quantity of the material of the sealing layer is from 40 to 100 g/m2.
  8. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein, prior to provision, the substrate is subjected to a preliminary treatment, selected from abrasive treatment and/or primer application and/or stain application.
  9. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein 10% to 40% of the applied quantity of the material for the sealing layer is already removed again by roller B.
  10. The method according to at least one of the preceding claims, wherein from 5% to 30% of the applied quantity of the material for the sealing layer is removed again by roller C.
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