EP3450846A1 - Combustion plant and method for operating the same - Google Patents
Combustion plant and method for operating the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3450846A1 EP3450846A1 EP18000551.4A EP18000551A EP3450846A1 EP 3450846 A1 EP3450846 A1 EP 3450846A1 EP 18000551 A EP18000551 A EP 18000551A EP 3450846 A1 EP3450846 A1 EP 3450846A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- flue
- flue gas
- nozzles
- combustion air
- furnace
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- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010022000 influenza Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
- F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel by discharging the air above the fire
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
- F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
- F23B1/18—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using inclined grate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
- F23C2201/10—Furnace staging
- F23C2201/101—Furnace staging in vertical direction, e.g. alternating lean and rich zones
Definitions
- the invention relates to a furnace with a flue having nozzles on opposite sides of the flue to inject a fluid into the flue gas. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for operating a furnace in which at least a portion of the combustion air is added to the flue gas through nozzles arranged on opposite sides of the flue.
- the invention is based on the object to further develop such a furnace.
- This object is achieved with a generic firing system in which the nozzles are arranged and aligned so that the flue gas is moved in the flue gas on a wavy line back and forth.
- the invention is based on the recognition that the nozzles can not only be used for turbulence, but also can be arranged so that the flue gas moves on a wave-shaped line in the flue. That is, a single flue gas particle is not guided on a straight line or spiral coming from the combustion grate in the flue. The particle will not sink either Acceptance of turbulence passed through the flue, to be mixed intensively with secondary air.
- the flue gas particles flow on a defined wavy line through the flue.
- essentially all of the particles have a longer residence time in the flue gas pass than would be possible with a straight throughflow.
- the flue gas guide according to the invention causes substantially all particles to go through a longer path in the flue. This increases the residence time of the particles in the flue and all particles have a defined residence time on a defined path.
- the guidance on the wavy line is possible because hot flue gases have a viscous consistency and therefore can be guided through the nozzles on a web. This leads to a reproducible uniform treatment of the flue gas and avoids flue gas particles in straight strands flow relatively straight through the flue gas, especially in peripheral areas of the flue, while other particles due to turbulence linger very long in the flue.
- the nozzles are thus not used as in the prior art for a turbulence, but specifically aligned so that the flue gases flow through the injected fluid on a wavy line, whereby the residence time is increased within the flue.
- the pressure, volume flow and orientation as well as the formation of the nozzles have to be specially adjusted.
- the nozzle parameters can be adjusted by means of simple experiments in such a way that a defined wave-shaped line is achieved. This wavy line should have at least three and preferably even more than four reversal points.
- a liquid can be added, which usually evaporates on entering the flue. It is advantageous if a gas is added as the liquid. This gas may be, for example, air or steam.
- Known nozzles in flues are arranged in the flue so that the nozzle has an orientation perpendicular to the wall of the flue, in which it is arranged.
- the main nozzle direction of the two nozzles arranged on opposite sides of the flue is at an angle of at least 5 °, preferably more than 10 °, from a line connecting the nozzle.
- the main nozzle direction of a nozzle deviates from the shortest connection to the opposite side of the flue by at least 5 °, preferably more than 10 °.
- the main nozzle direction of at least one nozzle deviates from a horizontal plane in the flue gas duct by at least 5 °, preferably more than 10 °.
- the invention is particularly suitable for combustion plants, which have a fire grate for the combustion.
- a firing plant in which the flue gas flue widens from the grate in the direction of flow of the flue gas, is also essential to the invention independently of the aforementioned features of a firing plant.
- An embodiment of the furnace system which is also relevant to the invention independently of the aforementioned features provides that the flue gas duct has a lower and an upper region and in the lower region the access from the fire grate to the flue gas duct is arranged to the upper region.
- a special embodiment provides that above the grate in the flow direction of the flue gas in front of the flue gas duct at least one nozzle is arranged to inject a fluid into the flue gas.
- the object underlying the invention is also achieved with a generic method in which the combustion air as the primary combustion air and secondary combustion air or as secondary combustion air during the operation of the incinerator is distributed differently distributed on several addition points. While usually the addition of the combustion air is optimized and is not changed during the operation of the incinerator, the invention proposes to vary the distribution of the combustion air to different addition points during the operation of the incinerator.
- the combustion air can be added to the nozzles and the grate distributed or it can also be varied the distribution of the partial volume flows controlled by these nozzles.
- the distribution of the combustion air to the individual addition points NO x , CO and / or O 2 is carried out in an optimized manner. That is, in order to optimize parameters such as NO x , CO and / or O 2 , the distribution of the volume flow of the addition at the individual nozzles and / or at the nozzles and the grate is changed during the operation of the incinerator.
- the distribution of the combustion air is distributed to the nozzles in the flue, that a nearly constant burnout per time is achieved.
- the gas and / or the solid burnout can be optimized.
- the nozzles make it possible to vary the height of the plane of the burnout within the flue and to analyze by measurements the burnout depending on the height in the flue and depending on the fluid addition via the nozzles to vary so that, for example, a certain Ausbrandgrad in a certain Height of the flue is not fallen below.
- FIG. 1 1 has a grate 2 and a flue 3.
- the arrows 4 indicate the addition of primary air to the grate 2 and arrows 5 to 9 indicate the addition of secondary air via nozzles.
- the nozzles 10 to 14 are indicated only schematically. In this case, the nozzle 10 is arranged above the fire grate 2 and the nozzles 11 and 12 are on one side 15 of the flue gas duct 3 and the nozzles 13 and 14 are arranged on the opposite side 16 of the flue 3.
- the dotted lines 17 to 21 indicate the main nozzle direction of the nozzles 10 to 14.
- the angle 22 shows the orientation relative to a line 23 connecting the nozzles 12 and 14.
- the angle 24 shows the orientation of the main nozzle direction 17 with respect to the shortest connection 25 from the nozzle 14 to the opposite side 15 of the flue 3.
- the Angle 26 finally shows the main nozzle direction 17 of the nozzle 14 with respect to a horizontal plane 27 in the flue 3.
- the two opposing sides 15 and 16 of the flue 3 are at an angle 28 to each other, so that the flue 3 widens conically in the area between the access 29 to the flue 3 and a transition 30 to vertical sides 31 and 32 of the flue.
- the nozzle 10 with its main nozzle direction 21 is arranged on a wall 35 opposite the grate 2 and thus lies in an area 36 above the grate 2 and before it enters the lower area 33.
- a wavy line 37 of the flue gas 38 which is formed on the grate 2.
- the addition of secondary combustion air 39 to 43 as gas to the flue gas 38 produces the wave-shaped line 37 with its reversal points 44 to 48.
- the grate 2 supplies the primary combustion air 49 to the furnace 1.
- a preferred method further provides that either the secondary combustion air 39 to 43 or the primary combustion air 49 and the secondary combustion air 39 to 43 during operation of the incinerator as Volumetric flow or mass flow in the amount varying on the different addition points on the grate 2 or distributed to the nozzles 10 to 14 is added.
- the combustion air ratio may vary during operation of the incinerator. It is advantageous, however, if the combustion air ratio is kept constant.
- Sensors 50, 51 and 52 for NO x , CO and / or O 2 are connected to a controller 53 to optimize the distribution of the combustion air from primary combustion air 49 and secondary combustion air 39 to 43 to the individual addition points.
- the burnout can be determined and this makes it possible to adjust the distribution of the combustion air to the nozzles so that the burnout per time remains virtually constant.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
Abstract
Eine spezielle Verteilung der Düsen im Rauchgaszug und deren Ausrichtung ermöglichen es, das Rauchgas auf einer wellenförmigen Linie zu führen. Dabei kann die Zugabe der Verbrennungsluft auf Primärluft und Sekundärluft verteilt während des Betriebs der Feuerungsanlage variiert werden, um beispielweise bei Einhaltung eines konstanten Verbrennungsluftverhältnisses auch den Ausbrand pro Zeit konstant zu halten. A special distribution of the nozzles in the flue and their orientation make it possible to guide the flue gas on a wavy line. In this case, the addition of the combustion air to primary air and secondary air distributed during operation of the furnace can be varied to keep constant, for example, while maintaining a constant combustion air ratio and the burnout per time.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Feuerungsanlage mit einem Rauchgaszug, der Düsen an gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Rauchgaszuges aufweist, um ein Fluid in das Rauchgas einzudüsen. Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Feuerungsanlage, bei dem zumindest ein Teil der Verbrennungsluft durch an gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Rauchgaszuges angeordnete Düsen dem Rauchgas zugegeben wird.The invention relates to a furnace with a flue having nozzles on opposite sides of the flue to inject a fluid into the flue gas. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for operating a furnace in which at least a portion of the combustion air is added to the flue gas through nozzles arranged on opposite sides of the flue.
Es ist bekannt, bei einer Feuerungsanlage nicht nur die Primärluft zu variieren, sondern auch die Sekundärluft über unterschiedliche Düsen dem Rauchgas zuzugeben. Die Zugabe von Fluiden im Sekundärverbrennungsbereich dient der Verwirbelung der Rauchgase und soll eine homogene Vermischung von Rauchgas und über die Düsen zugegebene Sekundärluft bewirken. Durch spezielle Düsenausbildungen wird in der Praxis eine starke Verwirbelung erreicht, die zu einer Vermischung der zugegebenen Sekundärluft mit dem Rauchgas führt. Dies wird beispielsweise in der
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine derartige Feuerungsanlage weiterzuentwickeln.The invention is based on the object to further develop such a furnace.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit einer gattungsgemäßen Feuerungsanlage gelöst, bei der die Düsen derart angeordnet und ausgerichtet sind, dass das Rauchgas im Rauchgaszug auf einer wellenförmigen Linie hin und her bewegt wird.This object is achieved with a generic firing system in which the nozzles are arranged and aligned so that the flue gas is moved in the flue gas on a wavy line back and forth.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zu Grunde, dass die Düsen nicht nur für eine Verwirbelung verwendet werden können, sondern auch so angeordnet sein können, dass sich das Rauchgas auf einer wellenförmigen Linie im Rauchgaszug bewegt. Das heißt, ein einzelnes Rauchgaspartikel wird nicht auf einer geraden Linie oder Spirale vom Feuerungsrost kommend im Rauchgaszug geführt. Der Partikel wird auch nicht unter Inkaufnahme von Verwirbelungen durch den Rauchgaszug geführt, um intensiv mit Sekundärluft vermischt zu werden.The invention is based on the recognition that the nozzles can not only be used for turbulence, but also can be arranged so that the flue gas moves on a wave-shaped line in the flue. That is, a single flue gas particle is not guided on a straight line or spiral coming from the combustion grate in the flue. The particle will not sink either Acceptance of turbulence passed through the flue, to be mixed intensively with secondary air.
Erfindungsgemäß fließen die Rauchgaspartikel auf einer definierten Wellenlinie durch den Rauchgaszug. Dies führt dazu, dass im Wesentlichen alle Partikel eine längere Verweilzeit im Rauchgaszug haben als dies bei einer geraden Durchströmung möglich wäre. Während bei einer Verwirbelung einzelne Rauchgaspartikel einen besonders langen Weg innerhalb des Rauchgaszuges haben und andere Partikel besonders schnell den Rauchgaszug durchströmen, führt die erfindungsgemäße Rauchgasführung dazu, dass im wesentlichen alle Partikel eine längere Bahn im Rauchgaszug durchlaufen. Dadurch erhöht sich die Verweilzeit der Partikel im Rauchgaszug und alle Partikel haben eine definierte Verweilzeit auf einer definierten Bahn. Die Führung auf der wellenförmigen Linie ist möglich, da heiße Rauchgase eine zähflüssige Konsistenz haben und daher durch die Düsen auf einer Bahn geführt werden können. Dies führt zu einer reproduzierbaren einheitlichen Behandlung des Rauchgases und vermeidet, dass insbesondere in Randbereichen des Rauchgaszuges Rauchgaspartikel in geraden Strähnen relativ geradlinig durch den Rauchgaszug fließen, während andere Partikel durch Verwirbelungen bedingt sehr lange im Rauchgaszug verweilen.According to the invention, the flue gas particles flow on a defined wavy line through the flue. As a result, essentially all of the particles have a longer residence time in the flue gas pass than would be possible with a straight throughflow. While in a turbulence individual flue gas particles have a particularly long way within the flue and other particles flow through the flue particularly quickly, the flue gas guide according to the invention causes substantially all particles to go through a longer path in the flue. This increases the residence time of the particles in the flue and all particles have a defined residence time on a defined path. The guidance on the wavy line is possible because hot flue gases have a viscous consistency and therefore can be guided through the nozzles on a web. This leads to a reproducible uniform treatment of the flue gas and avoids flue gas particles in straight strands flow relatively straight through the flue gas, especially in peripheral areas of the flue, while other particles due to turbulence linger very long in the flue.
Erfindungsgemäß werden die Düsen somit nicht wie im Stand der Technik für eine Verwirbelung eingesetzt, sondern gezielt so ausgerichtet, dass die Rauchgase durch das eingedüste Fluid auf einer Wellenlinie fließen, wodurch die Verweilzeit innerhalb des Rauchgaszuges erhöht wird.According to the invention, the nozzles are thus not used as in the prior art for a turbulence, but specifically aligned so that the flue gases flow through the injected fluid on a wavy line, whereby the residence time is increased within the flue.
Um die Rauchgase auf einer wellenförmigen Linie zu führen, müssen Druck, Volumenstrom und Ausrichtung sowie die Ausbildung der Düsen speziell eingestellt werden. Je nach geometrischer Ausbildung des Rauchgaszuges können die Düsenparameter mittels einfacher Versuche so eingestellt werden, dass eine definierte wellenförmige Linie erreicht wird. Diese wellenförmige Linie sollte mindestens drei und vorzugsweise sogar mehr als vier Umkehrpunkte aufweisen.In order to guide the flue gases on a wave-shaped line, the pressure, volume flow and orientation as well as the formation of the nozzles have to be specially adjusted. Depending on the geometric design of the flue gas duct, the nozzle parameters can be adjusted by means of simple experiments in such a way that a defined wave-shaped line is achieved. This wavy line should have at least three and preferably even more than four reversal points.
Als Fluid kann auch eine Flüssigkeit zugegeben werden, die in der Regel beim Eintritt in den Rauchgaszug verdampft. Vorteilhaft ist es, wenn als Flüssigkeit ein Gas zugegeben wird. Dieses Gas kann beispielsweise Luft oder Dampf sein.As a fluid, a liquid can be added, which usually evaporates on entering the flue. It is advantageous if a gas is added as the liquid. This gas may be, for example, air or steam.
Bekannte Düsen in Rauchgaszügen sind derart im Rauchgaszug angeordnet, dass die Düse eine Ausrichtung senkrecht zur Wandung des Rauchgaszuges hat, in der sie angeordnet ist.Known nozzles in flues are arranged in the flue so that the nozzle has an orientation perpendicular to the wall of the flue, in which it is arranged.
Für die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Lösung ist es jedoch vorteilhaft, wenn die Hauptdüsenrichtung der zwei an gegenüberliegenden Seiten des Rauchgaszuges angeordneten Düsen in einem Winkel von mindesten 5°, vorzugsweise mehr als 10° von einer die Düse verbindenden Linie liegt.For the solution on which the invention is based, however, it is advantageous if the main nozzle direction of the two nozzles arranged on opposite sides of the flue is at an angle of at least 5 °, preferably more than 10 °, from a line connecting the nozzle.
Insbesondere wenn der Düse keine andere Düse gegenüber liegt, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Hauptdüsenrichtung einer Düse von der kürzesten Verbindung zur gegenüberliegenden Seite des Rauchgaszuges um mindestens 5°, vorzugsweise mehr als 10° abweicht.In particular, when the nozzle is not opposite to another nozzle, it is advantageous if the main nozzle direction of a nozzle deviates from the shortest connection to the opposite side of the flue by at least 5 °, preferably more than 10 °.
Bezogen auf eine horizontale Linie ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Hauptdüsenrichtung mindestens einer Düse von einer horizontalen Ebene im Rauchgaszug um mindestens 5°, vorzugsweise mehr als 10° abweicht.With reference to a horizontal line, it is advantageous if the main nozzle direction of at least one nozzle deviates from a horizontal plane in the flue gas duct by at least 5 °, preferably more than 10 °.
Die Erfindung eignet sich insbesondere für Feuerungsanlagen, die für die Verbrennung einen Feuerrost aufweisen.The invention is particularly suitable for combustion plants, which have a fire grate for the combustion.
Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn sich der Rauchgaszug vom Feuerrost in Flussrichtung des Rauchgases erweitert. Eine Feuerungsanlage, bei der sich der Rauchgaszug vom Feuerrost in Flussrichtung des Rauchgases erweitert, ist auch unabhängig von den zuvor genannten Merkmalen einer Feuerungsanlage erfindungswesentlich.It is advantageous if the flue gas expands from the grate in the direction of flow of the flue gas. A firing plant, in which the flue gas flue widens from the grate in the direction of flow of the flue gas, is also essential to the invention independently of the aforementioned features of a firing plant.
Eine derartige Erweiterung des Rauchgaszuges führt zu einer umgekehrten Düse und somit zu einer Verlangsamung der Strömung im Rauchgaszug. Somit wird kumulativ oder alternativ zur Bewegung der Rauchgase auf einer wellenförmigen Linie vorgeschlagen, die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit der Rauchgase im Rauchgaszug durch eine Erweiterung des Rauchgaszuges zu verringern. Unter einer Erweiterung des Rauchgaszuges wird ein sich in Flussrichtung der Rauchgase erweiternder Querschnitt des Rauchgaszuges verstanden. Dabei wird unter der Strömungsrichtung der Rauchgase bei einer wellenförmigen Linie die Verbindung der Umkehrpunkte der Welle verstanden.Such expansion of the flue gas duct leads to a reverse nozzle and thus to a slowing down of the flow in the flue. Thus, it is proposed cumulatively or alternatively to the movement of the flue gases on a wavy line, to reduce the flow velocity of the flue gases in the flue by an extension of the flue. An extension of the flue is understood to mean a cross-section of the flue in the direction of flow of the flue gases. In this case, the connection of the reversal points of the shaft is understood by the flow direction of the flue gases in the case of a wave-shaped line.
Eine ebenfalls auch unabhängig von den zuvor genannten Merkmalen erfindungsrelevante Ausführungsform der Feuerungsanlage sieht vor, dass der Rauchgaszug einen unteren und einen oberen Bereich aufweist und im unteren Bereich der Zugang vom Feuerrost zum Rauchgaszug versetzt zum oberen Bereich angeordnet ist.An embodiment of the furnace system which is also relevant to the invention independently of the aforementioned features provides that the flue gas duct has a lower and an upper region and in the lower region the access from the fire grate to the flue gas duct is arranged to the upper region.
Während die Rauchgase im Rauchgaszug im Wesentlichen nach oben strömen und die Verweildauer im Rauchgaszug durch das Bewegen der Rauchgase auf einer wellenförmigen Linie und/oder durch eine Erweiterung des Rauchgaszuges erhöht werden kann, kann bei unveränderter Höhe des Rauchgaszuges auch durch eine Versetzung des Zugangs vom Feuerrost zum Rauchgaszug zum übrigen Rauchgaszug die Verweildauer im Rauchgaszug erhöht werden.While the flue gases flow in the flue substantially upwards and the residence time in the flue can be increased by moving the flue gases on a wavy line and / or by an extension of the flue, can at unchanged height of the flue by a displacement of the access from the grate to the flue gas to the rest of the flue, the residence time in the flue can be increased.
Eine spezielle Ausführungsform sieht vor, dass oberhalb des Feuerrostes in Flussrichtung des Rauchgases vor dem Rauchgaszug mindestens eine Düse angeordnet ist, um ein Fluid in das Rauchgas einzudüsen.A special embodiment provides that above the grate in the flow direction of the flue gas in front of the flue gas duct at least one nozzle is arranged to inject a fluid into the flue gas.
Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe wird auch mit einem gattungsgemäßen Verfahren gelöst, bei dem die Verbrennungsluft als Primärverbrennungsluft und Sekundärverbrennungsluft oder als Sekundärverbrennungsluft während des Betriebs der Verbrennungsanlage variierend unterschiedlich auf mehrere Zugabestellen verteilt zugegeben wird. Während üblicherweise die Zugabe der Verbrennungsluft optimiert wird und während des Betriebs der Verbrennungsanlage nicht mehr verändert wird, schlägt die Erfindung vor, die Verteilung der Verbrennungsluft auf unterschiedliche Zugabestellen während des Betriebs der Verbrennungsanlage zu variieren.The object underlying the invention is also achieved with a generic method in which the combustion air as the primary combustion air and secondary combustion air or as secondary combustion air during the operation of the incinerator is distributed differently distributed on several addition points. While usually the addition of the combustion air is optimized and is not changed during the operation of the incinerator, the invention proposes to vary the distribution of the combustion air to different addition points during the operation of the incinerator.
Es ist zwar bekannt, bei Feuerungsanlagen im Bereich des Feuerungsrostes die Primärluft entsprechend einer optischen Analyse der Verbrennung auf dem Rost quer zur Förderrichtung auf dem Rost zu variieren. Neu ist jedoch die Variation der Luftzugabe zwischen Primär- und Sekundärverbrennungsluft und die Variation innerhalb unterschiedlicher Zugabestellen der Sekundärluft. Dabei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn während der Variation das Verbrennungsluftverhältnis (λ) konstant gehalten wird.Although it is known to vary in firing systems in the field of Feuerungsrostes the primary air according to an optical analysis of the combustion on the grate transverse to the conveying direction on the grate. What is new, however, is the variation of the air addition between primary and secondary combustion air and the variation within different secondary air addition points. It is particularly advantageous if, during the variation, the combustion air ratio (λ) is kept constant.
Die Verbrennungsluft kann auf die Düsen und den Rost verteilt zugegeben werden oder es kann auch die Verteilung der Teilvolumenströme auf diese Düsen gesteuert variiert werden.The combustion air can be added to the nozzles and the grate distributed or it can also be varied the distribution of the partial volume flows controlled by these nozzles.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn während des Betriebs der Verbrennungsanlage die Verteilung der Verbrennungsluft auf die einzelnen Zugabestellen NOx, CO und/oder O2 optimiert durchgeführt wird. Das heißt zur Optimierung von Parametern wie NOx, CO und/oder O2 wird die Verteilung des Volumenstroms der Zugabe an den einzelnen Düsen und/oder an den Düsen und dem Rost während des Betriebs der Verbrennungsanlage verändert.It is particularly advantageous if, during operation of the combustion system, the distribution of the combustion air to the individual addition points NO x , CO and / or O 2 is carried out in an optimized manner. That is, in order to optimize parameters such as NO x , CO and / or O 2 , the distribution of the volume flow of the addition at the individual nozzles and / or at the nozzles and the grate is changed during the operation of the incinerator.
Kumulativ oder alternativ wird vorgesehen, dass die Verteilung der Verbrennungsluft derart auf die Düsen im Rauchgaszug verteilt wird, dass ein nahezu konstanter Ausbrand pro Zeit erreicht wird. Dabei können der Gas- und/oder der Feststoffausbrand optimiert werden.Cumulatively or alternatively, it is provided that the distribution of the combustion air is distributed to the nozzles in the flue, that a nearly constant burnout per time is achieved. In this case, the gas and / or the solid burnout can be optimized.
Die Düsen ermöglichen es, die Höhe der Ebene des Ausbrandes innerhalb des Rauchgaszuges zu variieren und durch Messungen den Ausbrand in Abhängigkeit von der Höhe im Rauchgaszug zu analysieren und davon abhängig die Fluidzugabe über die Düsen so zu variieren, dass beispielsweise ein bestimmter Ausbrandgrad in einer bestimmten Höhe des Rauchgaszuges nicht unterschritten wird.The nozzles make it possible to vary the height of the plane of the burnout within the flue and to analyze by measurements the burnout depending on the height in the flue and depending on the fluid addition via the nozzles to vary so that, for example, a certain Ausbrandgrad in a certain Height of the flue is not fallen below.
Ein vorteilhaftes Ausführungsbeispiel ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im Folgenden näher erläutert. Es zeigt
Figur 1- schematisch die Anordnung von Fluidzugabestellen an einer Feuerungsanlage und
Figur 2- schematisch eine wellenförmige Linie von Rauchgasen in einem Rauchgaszug.
- FIG. 1
- schematically the arrangement of fluid addition points on a furnace and
- FIG. 2
- schematically a wavy line of flue gases in a flue.
Die in
Die punktierten Linien 17 bis 21 deuten die Hauptdüsenrichtung der Düsen 10 bis 14 an.The
Zur Hauptdüsenrichtung 17 zeigt der Winkel 22 die Ausrichtung relativ zu einer die Düsen 12 und 14 verbindenden Linie 23. Der Winkel 24 zeigt die Ausrichtung der Hauptdüsenrichtung 17 in Bezug auf die kürzeste Verbindung 25 von der Düse 14 zur gegenüberliegenden Seite 15 des Rauchgaszuges 3. Der Winkel 26 zeigt schließlich die Hauptdüsenrichtung 17 der Düse 14 in Bezug auf eine horizontale Ebene 27 im Rauchgaszug 3.To the
Die zwei gegenüberliegenden Seiten 15 und 16 des Rauchgaszuges 3 stehen in einem Winkel 28 zueinander, sodass sich der Rauchgaszug 3 im Bereich zwischen dem Zugang 29 zum Rauchgaszug 3 und einem Übergang 30 zu senkrechten Seiten 31 und 32 des Rauchgaszuges 3 konisch erweitert.The two opposing
Dadurch entsteht ein unterer Bereich 33 des Rauchgaszuges 3 zwischen dem Zugang 29 vom Feuerrost 2 zum Rauchgaszug 3 und dem Übergang 30 vom Bereich 33 des Rauchgaszuges 3 mit den schrägen Seiten 15, 16 zu dem Bereich 34 des Rauchgaszuges mit senkrechten Wänden 31 und 32, der versetzt zu diesem zweiten Bereich 34 zwischen den senkrechten Wänden 31 und 32 angeordnet ist.This creates a
Die Düse 10 mit ihrer Hauptdüsenrichtung 21 ist an einer dem Feuerrost 2 gegenüberliegenden Wand 35 angeordnet und liegt somit in einem Bereich 36 oberhalb des Feuerrostes 2 und vor dem Eintritt in den unteren Bereich 33.The
Beim Betrieb der Feuerungsanlage 1 entsteht durch die Düsen 10 bis 14 eine wellenförmige Linie 37 des Rauchgases 38, das auf dem Feuerrost 2 entsteht. Durch die Zugabe von Sekundärverbrennungsluft 39 bis 43 als Gas zum Rauchgas 38 entsteht die wellenförmige Linie 37 mit ihren Umkehrpunkten 44 bis 48. Über den Rost 2 wird die Primärverbrennungsluft 49 der Feuerungsanlage 1 zugeführt.During operation of the
Dies ermöglicht es, die Verbrennungsluft so zuzugeben, dass das Rauchgas 38 auf der wellenförmigen Linie 37 fließt. Ein bevorzugtes Verfahren sieht darüber hinaus vor, dass entweder die Sekundärverbrennungsluft 39 bis 43 oder die Primärverbrennungsluft 49 und die Sekundärverbrennungsluft 39 bis 43 während des Betriebs der Verbrennungsanlage als Volumenstrom oder Massestrom in der Menge variierend auf die unterschiedlichen Zugabestellen am Rost 2 oder an den Düsen 10 bis 14 verteilt zugegeben wird. Dabei kann das Verbrennungsluftverhältnis während des Betriebs der Verbrennungsanlage variieren. Vorteilhaft ist es jedoch, wenn das Verbrennungsluftverhältnis konstant gehalten wird.This makes it possible to add the combustion air so that the
Sensoren 50, 51 und 52 für NOx, CO und/oder O2 sind mit einer Steuerung 53 verbunden, um die Verteilung der Verbrennungsluft aus Primärverbrennungsluft 49 und Sekundärverbrennungsluft 39 bis 43 auf die einzelnen Zugabestellen zu optimieren.
Aus den mit den Sensoren 50 bis 52 ermittelten Messwerten kann der Ausbrand ermittelt werden und dies ermöglicht es, die Verteilung der Verbrennungsluft auf die Düsen so einzustellen, dass der Ausbrand pro Zeit nahezu konstant bleibt.From the measured values determined with the
Claims (18)
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PL18000551T PL3450846T3 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2018-06-21 | Combustion plant and method for operating the same |
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DE102017008123.9A DE102017008123A1 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2017-08-30 | Furnace and method for operating a furnace |
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EP3450846A1 true EP3450846A1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
EP3450846B1 EP3450846B1 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
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EP18000551.4A Active EP3450846B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 | 2018-06-21 | Combustion plant and method for operating the same |
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US (1) | US20190063745A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3450846B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP7341449B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2018214150B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA3014250A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102017008123A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK3450846T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2805832T3 (en) |
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- 2018-08-10 JP JP2018150985A patent/JP7341449B2/en active Active
- 2018-08-10 AU AU2018214150A patent/AU2018214150B2/en active Active
- 2018-08-15 CA CA3014250A patent/CA3014250A1/en active Pending
- 2018-08-16 SG SG10201806938TA patent/SG10201806938TA/en unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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AU2018214150A1 (en) | 2019-03-21 |
ES2805832T3 (en) | 2021-02-15 |
PL3450846T3 (en) | 2020-10-19 |
DK3450846T3 (en) | 2020-08-03 |
JP2019045130A (en) | 2019-03-22 |
AU2018214150B2 (en) | 2024-06-13 |
JP7341449B2 (en) | 2023-09-11 |
MX2018010405A (en) | 2019-03-28 |
BR102018067278A2 (en) | 2019-03-19 |
DE102017008123A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
SG10201806938TA (en) | 2019-03-28 |
US20190063745A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
EP3450846B1 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
CA3014250A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
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