JP7341449B2 - Combustion plants and methods of operating combustion plants - Google Patents
Combustion plants and methods of operating combustion plants Download PDFInfo
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- JP7341449B2 JP7341449B2 JP2018150985A JP2018150985A JP7341449B2 JP 7341449 B2 JP7341449 B2 JP 7341449B2 JP 2018150985 A JP2018150985 A JP 2018150985A JP 2018150985 A JP2018150985 A JP 2018150985A JP 7341449 B2 JP7341449 B2 JP 7341449B2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
- F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel by discharging the air above the fire
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B1/00—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel
- F23B1/16—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support
- F23B1/18—Combustion apparatus using only lump fuel the combustion apparatus being modified according to the form of grate or other fuel support using inclined grate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
- F23C2201/10—Furnace staging
- F23C2201/101—Furnace staging in vertical direction, e.g. alternating lean and rich zones
Description
本発明は排煙の出口があり、排煙に流体を調量するために、その排煙の出口の対抗する側面にノズルを有する燃焼プラントに関する。更に、本発明は燃焼プラントの運転方法に関し、このプラントでは少なくとも燃焼空気の一部が、排煙の出口の対抗する側面に配置されたノズルを通して排煙に加えられる。 The present invention relates to a combustion plant having a flue gas outlet and having nozzles on opposite sides of the flue gas outlet for metering fluid into the flue gas. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method of operating a combustion plant, in which at least a portion of the combustion air is added to the flue gas through nozzles arranged on opposite sides of the flue gas outlet.
燃焼プラントでは、初期の空気を変えることだけではなく、また、種々のノズルを通して排煙に二次の空気を加えることが知られている。二次の燃焼領域で流体を加えることは、排煙に渦巻きを生じさせるのに役立ち、排煙及びノズルを通して加えられる二次の空気の均質な混合を作り出すことが意図される。実際に、特別なノズルの構成を介して強い渦巻きが実現され、これにより排煙と二次の空気の混合がされることになる。例えば、このことは西独国特許出願公開第１９４７１６４号明細書、中国特許出願公開第１０２６２０２８５号明細書及び米国特許出願公開第２００４／０１８５３９９号明細書で述べられている。ここでの目標は、適切に配置されたノズルとそこへ調整された気体流を通して、排煙を壁から離れるように保ち排煙の出口の中央で最適に混合することである。 In combustion plants, it is known not only to change the initial air, but also to add secondary air to the flue gas through various nozzles. Adding fluid in the secondary combustion zone is intended to help create swirl in the flue gas and create a homogeneous mixture of the flue gas and the secondary air added through the nozzle. In fact, a strong swirl is achieved through a special nozzle configuration, which results in a mixing of the exhaust smoke and secondary air. For example, this is mentioned in DE 1947164, CN 102620285 and US 2004/0185399. The goal here is to keep the flue gas away from the walls and mix it optimally in the center of the flue gas exit through appropriately placed nozzles and a regulated gas flow into them.
本発明の目的はそのような燃焼プラントを更に開発することである。 The aim of the invention is to further develop such a combustion plant.
この目的は、排煙を排煙の出口で波形ラインに沿って前後に動かすようにノズルが配置され取り付けられる特有の燃焼プラントにより実現される。 This objective is achieved by a unique combustion plant in which the nozzles are arranged and mounted in such a way that the flue gas is moved back and forth along a corrugated line at the exit of the flue gas.
本発明は、ノズルが渦巻きを生じさせるために用いられ得るだけではなく、また、排煙が排煙の出口で波形ラインに沿って動くように配置され得るという学識に基づく。言い換えると、一つの排煙の粒子は、排煙の出口で直線に沿って炉の格子から又はらせん状の炉の格子から導かれるのではない。粒子はまた、二次の空気と強く混合されるために渦巻きに伴われた排煙を通して導かれるのではない。 The invention is based on the knowledge that the nozzle can not only be used to create a vortex, but can also be arranged so that the flue gas moves along a corrugated line at the exit of the flue gas. In other words, one flue gas particle is not led out of the furnace grate along a straight line or out of the helical furnace grate at the flue gas exit. Particles are also not directed through the swirl-entrained flue gas to be strongly mixed with secondary air.
本発明によると、排煙の粒子は排煙の出口を通して設定された波形ラインを流れる。結果として、排煙の出口で本質的に全ての粒子が、真っすぐな貫通流が与えられていたなら可能な時間よりも長い保持時間を有する。個々の排煙の粒子が渦巻きが生じた時排煙の出口の内側で特別に長い経路を有し、他の粒子が排煙の出口を通して特別に速く流れる一方で、本発明によると、排煙を導くことで本質的に全ての粒子が排煙の出口でより長い経路を動き回るようになる。これにより排煙の出口で粒子の保持時間が増加し、全ての粒子が設定された経路で設定された保持時間を有することになる。高温の排煙は高い粘度を有し、そこで、ノズルを通した経路で導かれ得るので、波形ラインに沿って導くことが可能である。これにより、排煙を高い再現性で、一様に扱うことができ、特に排煙の出口の端の領域では、排煙の粒子が排煙の出口を通して相対的に真っすぐなラインに沿って真っすぐな糸状に流れることが妨げられる。一方で、他の粒子は渦巻きのため大変長時間排煙の出口にとどまる。 According to the invention, the particles of the flue gas flow through the flue gas outlet in a set corrugated line. As a result, essentially all particles at the exit of the flue gas have a longer retention time than would have been possible had a straight through flow been provided. According to the invention, the individual flue gas particles have a particularly long path inside the flue gas outlet when swirling occurs, while other particles flow particularly quickly through the flue gas outlet. By guiding essentially all the particles to move around a longer path at the exit of the flue gas. This increases the retention time of the particles at the exit of the flue gas, so that all particles have a set retention time on a set path. The hot flue gas has a high viscosity and can therefore be channeled through a nozzle, so that it can be guided along a corrugated line. This allows the flue gas to be treated uniformly and with high reproducibility, especially in the region of the edge of the flue gas exit, where the flue gas particles are straightened along a relatively straight line through the flue gas exit. The thread-like flow is prevented. On the other hand, other particles remain at the flue gas outlet for a very long time due to swirling.
本発明によると、ノズルは先行技術におけるように渦巻きを生じさせるために用いられるのではなく、むしろ調量された流体を通して波形ラインに沿って排煙が流れるように独特に取り付けられ、それによって排煙の出口の内側の保持時間が増加する。 According to the invention, the nozzle is not used to create a vortex as in the prior art, but rather is uniquely mounted in such a way that the flue gas flows along a corrugated line through a metered fluid, thereby The retention time inside the smoke exit is increased.
排煙を波形ラインに沿って導くために、圧力、体積流量及びノズルの構成に沿った取り付けが特別に調整されなければならない。排煙の出口の幾何学的構成に依存して、ノズルのパラメータは設定された波形ラインを実現するように単純な試験により定められ得る。この波形ラインは、少なくとも３つ、更に好ましくは４つ以上の反転ポイントを有するべきである。 In order to direct the flue gas along the corrugated line, the pressure, volumetric flow rate and installation along the nozzle configuration must be specially adjusted. Depending on the geometry of the flue gas outlet, the parameters of the nozzle can be determined by simple tests to achieve a set wave line. This waveform line should have at least three, more preferably four or more reversal points.
加えられる流体は、排煙の出口に入った時に規則として気化する液体でもあり得る。気体が液体として加えられることは有利である。例えば、この気体は空気又は蒸気であり得る。 The added fluid may also be a liquid that regularly vaporizes when it enters the flue gas outlet. Advantageously, the gas is added as a liquid. For example, this gas can be air or steam.
周知のノズルが、配置されるべき排煙の出口の壁に垂直に取り付けられるように、排煙の出口のそのノズルが排煙の出口に配置される。 The nozzle of the smoke exhaust outlet is arranged in such a way that the known nozzle is mounted vertically on the wall of the smoke exhaust outlet to be arranged.
しかしながら、排煙の出口の対抗する側面に配置された２つのノズルの初期のノズル方向が、そのノズルを結ぶ直線から、少なくとも角度５°で、好ましくは１０°以上で設置されていることは、本発明に基づく解決策にとって有利である。 However, it is important that the initial nozzle directions of the two nozzles placed on opposite sides of the smoke outlet are set at an angle of at least 5°, preferably at least 10°, from the straight line connecting the nozzles. This is advantageous for the solution according to the invention.
特に、ノズルに対抗して他のノズルが設置されていない場合、ノズルの初期のノズル方向が、排煙の出口の対抗する側面への最短の結び線から、少なくとも５°、好ましくは１０°以上を成すことは有利である。 In particular, if no other nozzle is installed opposite the nozzle, the initial nozzle direction of the nozzle is at least 5°, preferably 10° or more, from the shortest line of connection to the opposite side of the flue gas outlet. It is advantageous to do so.
水平線との関係では、少なくとも１つのノズルの初期のノズル方向が、排煙の出口の水平面から、少なくとも５°、好ましくは１０°以上を成すことは有利である。 In relation to the horizon, it is advantageous that the initial nozzle direction of the at least one nozzle forms at least 5°, preferably more than 10°, from the horizontal plane of the exit of the flue gas.
本発明は、特に燃焼のために炉の格子を明示する燃焼プラントに適している。 The invention is particularly suitable for combustion plants that define the furnace grate for combustion.
炉の格子に係る排煙の出口が排煙の流れの方向に広がることは有利である。排煙の出口が排煙の流れの方向に炉の格子から広がる燃焼プラントは、上記の燃焼プラントの特徴からなおさら独立して本発明にとって本質的である。 It is advantageous if the flue gas outlet on the furnace grate extends in the direction of the flue gas flow. A combustion plant in which the outlet of the flue gas extends from the furnace grate in the direction of the flow of the flue gas is essential to the invention, even more independently of the combustion plant characteristics described above.
このように排煙の出口を広げることはノズルを逆さにすることにつながり、それゆえに排煙の出口での流れを遅くすることになる。累積的又は択一的に排煙を波形ラインに沿って動かすために、排煙の出口を広げることにより排煙の出口での排煙の流動率を減少させることが、そこで提案される。排煙の出口を広げることは、排煙の流れの方向に広がる排煙の出口の断面図として理解される。波形ラインを与えられた排煙の流れの方向は、ここでは、波の反転ポイントの間の結び線として理解される。 Widening the flue gas outlet in this way leads to an inversion of the nozzle, thus slowing down the flow of the flue gas at the outlet. It is then proposed to reduce the flow rate of the flue gas at the flue gas outlet by widening the flue gas outlet in order to cumulatively or alternatively move the flue gas along the corrugated line. Widening the flue gas outlet is understood as a cross-section of the flue gas outlet extending in the direction of the flue gas flow. The direction of the flue gas flow given the waveform line is here understood as the connecting line between the reversal points of the wave.
前述の特徴からなおさら独立して本発明にも関連する燃焼プラントのもう一つの実施形態では、排煙の出口は下方及び上方の領域を有し、そこでは、下方の領域における炉の格子から排煙の出口への入口は上方の領域に対してオフセットを持って配置される。 In another embodiment of the combustion plant, which still relates to the invention independently of the aforementioned features, the flue gas outlet has a lower and an upper region, in which the flue gas exits from the furnace grate in the lower region. The inlet to the smoke outlet is arranged with an offset to the upper area.
排煙の出口で本質的に排煙が上部へ流れ、排煙を波形ラインに沿って動かすこと及び／又は排煙の出口を広げることにより排煙の出口での保持時間が増加させられ得る一方で、炉の格子から排煙の出口への入口を残っている排煙の出口に移動させることにより、排煙の出口の高さを変化しないよう保つ間にも、排煙の出口での保持時間はまた増加させられ得る。 At the exit of the flue gas the flue gas essentially flows upwards, while the retention time of the flue gas at the exit can be increased by moving the flue gas along the corrugated line and/or widening the exit of the flue gas. By moving the inlet to the flue gas outlet from the furnace grate to the remaining flue gas outlet, retention of flue gas at the flue gas outlet can be achieved while keeping the height of the flue gas outlet unchanged. Time can also be increased.
排煙の中に流体を注入するために、少なくとも１つのノズルが、炉の格子の上で排煙の流れの方向に排煙の出口の前に配置されるということが特別の実施形態で提供される。 It is provided in a special embodiment that in order to inject the fluid into the flue gas, at least one nozzle is arranged on the grate of the furnace in the direction of the flue gas flow and in front of the flue gas outlet. be done.
本発明に基づく目的はまた、初期の燃焼空気及び二次の燃焼空気として又は二次の燃焼空気として、焼却炉の運転中にいくつか変わる種々の追加ポイントで、燃焼空気が加えられるという包括的な方法で実現される。燃焼空気を加えることは通常最適化され焼却炉の運転中にはもはや変化しない一方で、本発明では、焼却炉の運転中に燃焼空気の種々の追加ポイントのへ分配が変えられることを提案する。 The object according to the invention is also to provide a comprehensive system in which combustion air is added at various additional points that vary during the operation of the incinerator, either as initial combustion air and as secondary combustion air or as secondary combustion air. It is realized in such a way. While the addition of combustion air is usually optimized and no longer changes during operation of the incinerator, the present invention proposes that the distribution of the various addition points of combustion air to during operation of the incinerator is varied. .
燃焼プラントが、格子で運ぶ方向に対して横切る方向について格子での燃焼の光学的分析により、炉の格子の領域で初期の空気を変えることが確かに知られている。しかしながら、新規なこととして、初期の燃焼空気と、第二の燃焼空気と、の間での加える空気を変えること及び第二の空気の種々の追加ポイント内で変えることがある。変えている間に燃焼空気の比率（λ）が一定に保たれることが、ここでは特別に有利である。 It is certainly known that combustion plants change the initial air in the region of the furnace grate by optical analysis of the combustion in the grate in a direction transverse to the direction of conveyance in the grate. However, what is novel is the variation of the added air between the initial combustion air and the second combustion air and within the various addition points of the second air. It is particularly advantageous here that the combustion air ratio (λ) remains constant during the change.
燃焼空気はノズル及び格子に分配して加えられ得るか、又はこれらのノズルへの部分的な体積流量の分配は制御可能に変えられ得る。 Combustion air can be added to the nozzles and grids in a distributed manner, or the partial volumetric flow distribution to these nozzles can be controllably varied.
焼却炉の運転中に、ＮＯＸ、ＣＯ及び／又はＯ２に対して最適化された個々の追加ポイントに燃焼空気が分配されることは特別に有利である。このことは、個々のノズルに及び／又はノズル及び格子に加える体積流量の分配が、ＮＯＸ、ＣＯ及び／又はＯ２のようなパラメータを最適化するために焼却炉の運転中に変化させられることを意味する。 It is particularly advantageous that during operation of the incinerator, the combustion air is distributed to individual additional points that are optimized for NO x , CO and/or O 2 . This means that the distribution of volumetric flow rates to individual nozzles and/or to nozzles and grids can be varied during operation of the incinerator in order to optimize parameters such as NOx , CO and/or O2 . It means that.
累積的又は択一的に、ほぼ一定の単位時間当りの燃焼物を実現するように、排煙の出口におけるノズルの間で燃焼空気の分配が分割されることが提供される。ここでは、気体及び／又は固体の燃焼物が最適化され得る。
ノズルによって、排煙の出口の内側の燃焼物の平面の高さを変えること、測定において排煙の出口での高さの機能として燃焼物を分析すること、例えば、排煙の出口の独特の高さにおける独特の燃焼物のレベルを下回らないように、その機能としてノズルを介して加えられる流体を変えること、が可能になる。
Cumulatively or alternatively, it is provided that the distribution of the combustion air is divided between the nozzles at the flue gas outlet so as to achieve an approximately constant combustion product per unit time. Gaseous and/or solid combustion products can be optimized here.
By means of a nozzle, it is possible to vary the height of the plane of the combustion material inside the flue gas outlet, to analyze the combustion material in the measurement as a function of the height at the flue gas exit, e.g. As a function of this, it is possible to vary the fluid applied through the nozzle so as not to fall below the level of the unique combustion product at the height.
有利で例示的な実施形態が図面に示され、より詳細に以下説明される。 Advantageous exemplary embodiments are shown in the drawing and are explained in more detail below.
図１に示される燃焼プラント１は炉の格子２及び排煙の出口３を有する。矢印４は炉の格子２で初期の空気を加えることを表わし、矢印５乃至９はノズルを介して二次の空気を加えることを表わす。ノズル１０乃至１４は模式的にのみ表わされている。ここでは、ノズル１０は炉の格子２の上に配置され、ノズル１１及び１２は排煙の出口３の側面１５に配置され、一方でノズル１３乃び１４は排煙の出口３の対抗する側面１６に配置されている。 The combustion plant 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a furnace grate 2 and a flue gas outlet 3. Arrow 4 represents the initial air addition at the furnace grate 2, and arrows 5 to 9 represent the secondary air addition via the nozzles. Nozzles 10 to 14 are only represented schematically. Here, the nozzle 10 is arranged on the grate 2 of the furnace, the nozzles 11 and 12 are arranged on the side 15 of the flue gas outlet 3, while the nozzles 13 and 14 are arranged on the opposite side of the flue gas outlet 3. It is located at 16.
破線１７乃至２１はノズル１０乃至１４の初期のノズル方向を表わす。 Dashed lines 17-21 represent the initial nozzle orientations of nozzles 10-14.
初期のノズル方向１７については、角度２２がノズル１２及び１４を結ぶ直線２３に対する取り付けを示す。角度２４は、排煙の出口３のノズル１４から対抗する側面１５への最短の結び線２５に対する初期のノズル方向１７の取り付けを示す。最後に、角度２６は、排煙の出口３における水平面２７に対するノズル１４の初期のノズル方向１７を示す。 For the initial nozzle orientation 17, an angle 22 indicates attachment to a straight line 23 connecting the nozzles 12 and 14. Angle 24 indicates the attachment of the initial nozzle direction 17 to the shortest connecting line 25 from the nozzle 14 of the flue gas outlet 3 to the opposite side 15. Finally, the angle 26 indicates the initial nozzle direction 17 of the nozzle 14 with respect to the horizontal plane 27 at the outlet 3 of the flue gas.
排煙の出口３の２つの対抗する側面１５及び１６は互いに角度２８を成し、その結果排煙の出口３は、排煙の出口３への入口２９と、排煙の出口３の垂直の側面３１及び３２との変り目３０と、の間の領域において円錐形に広がる。 The two opposing sides 15 and 16 of the flue gas outlet 3 form an angle 28 with each other, so that the flue gas outlet 3 has an inlet 29 to the flue gas outlet 3 and a vertical side of the flue gas outlet 3. It widens conically in the area between the transition point 30 and the side surfaces 31 and 32.
これにより、炉の格子２から排煙の出口３への入口２９と、傾斜した側面１５、１６がある排煙の出口３の領域３３から垂直の壁３１及び３２がある排煙の出口の領域３４への変り目３０と、の間の排煙の出口３の下方の領域３３となり、これは垂直の壁３１と、３２と、の間のこの第２の領域３４に対するオフセットとなる。 This provides an inlet 29 from the furnace grate 2 to the flue gas outlet 3 and an area 33 of the flue gas outlet 3 with inclined sides 15, 16 to the area of the flue gas outlet with vertical walls 31 and 32. 34 and between the transition 30 and the lower area 33 of the flue gas outlet 3, which is offset to this second area 34 between the vertical walls 31, 32.
初期のノズル方向２１があるノズル１０が、炉の格子２に対抗して設置されている壁３５に配置され、そこで、炉の格子２の上で下方の領域３３の中に入る前の領域３６に設置されている。 A nozzle 10 with an initial nozzle orientation 21 is placed on a wall 35 placed opposite the furnace grate 2, where it is located above the furnace grate 2 in a region 36 before entering into the lower region 33. It is installed in
燃焼プラント１の運転中に、ノズル１０乃至１４が排煙３８の波形ライン３７を生成し、これは炉の格子２の上に生じる。二次の燃焼空気３９乃至４３を気体として排煙３８に加えることにより、その反転ポイント４４乃至４８がある波形ライン３７が作り出される。初期の燃焼空気４９は格子２を介して燃焼プラント１に供給される。 During operation of the combustion plant 1, the nozzles 10 to 14 generate a wave line 37 of flue gas 38, which occurs above the grate 2 of the furnace. By adding secondary combustion air 39-43 as a gas to flue gas 38, a waveform line 37 is created with its reversal points 44-48. Initial combustion air 49 is fed to combustion plant 1 via grate 2 .
これにより、排煙３８が波形ライン３７上を流れるというような方法で燃焼空気を加えることが可能になる。燃焼プラントの運転中に体積流量又は質量流量として量を変えながら、格子２上の又はノズル１０乃至１４上の種々の追加ポイントの中で分配して、二次の燃焼空気３９乃至４３又は初期の燃焼空気４９、及び二次の燃焼空気３９乃至４３が加えられるということが、好ましい方法として更に提供される。ここで燃焼空気の比率が燃焼プラントの運転中に変わり得る。しかしながら、燃焼空気の比率が一定に保たれることは有利である。 This makes it possible to add combustion air in such a way that the flue gas 38 flows over the corrugated line 37. The secondary combustion air 39-43 or the initial It is further provided as a preferred method that combustion air 49 and secondary combustion air 39-43 are added. Here the proportion of combustion air can change during operation of the combustion plant. However, it is advantageous that the proportion of combustion air is kept constant.
初期の燃焼空気４９及び二次の燃焼空気３９乃至４３で構成される燃焼空気の個々の追加ポイントについての分配を最適化するために、ＮＯＸ、ＣＯ及び／又はＯ２に対するセンサー５０、５１及び５２がコントローラ５３に接続されている。 Sensors 50, 51 and for NO x , CO and/or O 2 are provided to optimize the distribution of the individual additional points of combustion air consisting of the initial combustion air 49 and the secondary combustion air 39 to 43. 52 is connected to the controller 53.
センサー５０乃至５２により確認された測定値から燃焼物が確定され得て、これにより、単位時間当りの燃焼物がほぼ一定に保たれるようにノズルについての燃焼空気の分配を調整することが可能になる。 From the measurements ascertained by the sensors 50 to 52, the combustible material can be determined, which makes it possible to adjust the distribution of the combustion air to the nozzles so that the combustible material per unit time remains approximately constant. become.
Claims (17)
前記燃焼プラント（１）は、ノズル（１１乃至１４）を通して流体を排煙（３８）に注入するために、前記排煙の出口（３）の対向する側面（１５、１６）に前記排煙の流れる方向に互い違いに配置されたノズル（１１乃至１４）を有し、
前記ノズル（１１乃至１４）が配置され、方向付け及び設計され、前記排煙（３８）は前記排煙の出口（３）内で前記ノズル（１１乃至１４）の配置に対応する波形ライン（３７）に沿って前後に動かすよう前記流体の圧力及び体積流量が調整される、ことを特徴とする運転方法。 A method of operating a combustion plant (1) with a furnace grate (2) for combustion and with an outlet (3) for flue gas, comprising:
The combustion plant (1) has the flue gas on opposite sides (15, 16) of the flue gas outlet (3) for injecting fluid into the flue gas (38) through nozzles (11 to 14). having nozzles (11 to 14) arranged alternately in the direction of flow ;
The nozzles (11 to 14) are arranged, oriented and designed so that the flue gas (38) has a corrugated line (37) corresponding to the arrangement of the nozzles (11 to 14) within the smoke flue outlet (3). ) The pressure and volumetric flow rate of the fluid are adjusted to move the fluid back and forth along the same direction.
前記流体が気体であることを特徴とする燃焼プラントの運転方法。 A method of operating a combustion plant according to claim 1, comprising:
A method for operating a combustion plant, characterized in that the fluid is a gas.
前記気体が空気であることを特徴とする燃焼プラントの運転方法。 A method of operating a combustion plant according to claim 2, comprising:
A method for operating a combustion plant, characterized in that the gas is air.
前記気体が蒸気であることを特徴とする燃焼プラントの運転方法。 A method of operating a combustion plant according to claim 2, comprising:
A method for operating a combustion plant, characterized in that the gas is steam.
前記波形ライン（３７）が少なくとも３つ、好ましくは４つ以上の反転ポイント（４４乃至４８）を有することを特徴とする燃焼プラントの運転方法。 A method for operating a combustion plant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising:
A method of operating a combustion plant, characterized in that said wave line (37) has at least three, preferably four or more reversal points (44 to 48).
燃焼空気（３９乃至４３及び４９）の少なくとも一部が、前記排煙の出口（３）の対向する側面に配置されたノズル（１１乃至１４）を通して前記排煙（３８）に加えられ、
前記燃焼空気（３９乃至４３及び４９）が、初期の燃焼空気（４９）及び二次の燃焼空気（３９乃至４３）として又は二次の燃焼空気（３９乃至４３）として、前記燃焼プラント（１）の運転中に、種々の追加ポイント（２、１０乃至１４）で加えられることを特徴とする燃焼プラントの運転方法。 A method of operating a combustion plant according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
at least a portion of the combustion air (39 to 43 and 49) is added to the flue gas (38) through nozzles (11 to 14) arranged on opposite sides of the flue gas outlet (3);
The combustion air (39 to 43 and 49) is supplied to the combustion plant (1) as an initial combustion air (49) and a secondary combustion air (39 to 43) or as a secondary combustion air (39 to 43). A method of operating a combustion plant, characterized in that during the operation of the combustion plant, various additional points (2, 10 to 14) are added.
燃焼空気の比率が一定に保たれることを特徴とする燃焼プラントの運転方法。 A method of operating a combustion plant according to claim 6, comprising:
A method of operating a combustion plant, characterized in that the proportion of combustion air is kept constant.
前記燃焼空気（３９乃至４３及び４９）は前記ノズル（１０乃至１４）及び炉の格子（２）に分配して加えられることを特徴とする燃焼プラントの運転方法。 A method for operating a combustion plant according to claim 6 or 7, comprising:
A method of operating a combustion plant, characterized in that the combustion air (39 to 43 and 49) is added in a distributed manner to the nozzles (10 to 14) and to the furnace grate (2).
前記ノズル（１０乃至１４）への部分的な体積流量の分配は制御可能に変えられることを特徴とする燃焼プラントの運転方法。 A method of operating a combustion plant according to any one of claims 6 to 8, comprising:
A method for operating a combustion plant, characterized in that the partial volumetric flow distribution to the nozzles (10 to 14) is controllably varied.
前記燃焼プラント（１）の運転中に、最適化されたＮＯＸ、ＣＯ及び／又はＯ２において個々の追加ポイント（１０乃至１４、４）に前記燃焼空気（３９乃至４３及び４９）の分配が行われることを特徴とする燃焼プラントの運転方法。 A method of operating a combustion plant according to any one of claims 6 to 8, comprising:
During the operation of the combustion plant (1), the distribution of the combustion air (39 to 43 and 49) to the individual additional points (10 to 14, 4) with optimized NO x , CO and/or O 2 A method of operating a combustion plant, characterized in that:
ほぼ一定の単位時間当りの燃焼物（気体及び／又は固体の燃焼物）を実現するように、前記排煙の出口（３）における前記ノズル（１０乃至１４）の間で燃焼空気（３９乃至４３及び４９）の分配が分割されることを特徴とする燃焼プラントの運転方法。 A method for operating a combustion plant according to any one of claims 6 to 10,
Combustion air (39 to 43 and 49) A method of operating a combustion plant, characterized in that the distribution is divided.
前記ノズル（１１乃至１４）が配置され、方向付け及び設計され、前記排煙（３８）は前記排煙の出口（３）内で前記ノズル（１１乃至１４）の配置に対応する波形ライン（３７）に沿って前後に動かすよう前記流体の圧力及び体積流量が調整され、
前記排煙の出口（３）の対向する側面（１５、１６）に配置された２つのノズル（１１乃至１４）の初期のノズル方向（１７乃至２０）が、前記ノズル（１１乃至１４）を結ぶ直線（２３）から、少なくとも角度５°で、好ましくは１０°以上の角度（２２）で設置されていることを特徴とする燃焼プラント。 having a furnace grate (2) and a flue gas outlet (3), on opposite sides (15, 16) of said flue gas outlet (38) for injecting fluid into the flue gas (38) ; A combustion plant having nozzles (11 to 14) arranged alternately in the direction of flow of flue gas ,
The nozzles (11 to 14) are arranged, oriented and designed so that the flue gas (38) has a corrugated line (37 ) corresponding to the arrangement of the nozzles (11 to 14) within the smoke flue outlet (3). ) the pressure and volumetric flow rate of the fluid is adjusted to move it back and forth along
The initial nozzle directions (17 to 20) of the two nozzles (11 to 14) arranged on opposite sides (15, 16) of the flue gas outlet (3) are such that the nozzles (11 to 14) A combustion plant characterized in that it is installed at an angle (22) of at least 5°, preferably 10° or more, from a connecting straight line (23).
ノズル（１１乃至１４）の初期のノズル方向（１７乃至２１）が、前記排煙の出口（３）の前記対向する側面（１５、１６）への最短の結び線（２５）から、少なくとも５°、好ましくは１０°以上の角度（２４）を成すことを特徴とする燃焼プラント。 The combustion plant according to claim 12,
The initial nozzle direction (17-21) of the nozzles (11-14) is at least 5 Combustion plant, characterized in that it forms an angle (24) of at least 10°.
少なくとも１つのノズル（１０乃至１４）の初期のノズル方向（１７乃至２１）が、前記排煙の出口（３）の水平面（２７）から、少なくとも５°、好ましくは１０°以上の角度（２６）を成すことを特徴とする燃焼プラント。 The combustion plant according to claim 12 or 13,
The initial nozzle direction (17-21) of at least one nozzle (10-14) is at an angle (26) of at least 5°, preferably 10° or more, from the horizontal plane (27) of said flue gas outlet (3). A combustion plant characterized by:
前記排煙の出口（３）が前記炉の格子（２）から離れて前記排煙（３８）の流れの方向に広がることを特徴とする燃焼プラント。 The combustion plant according to any one of claims 12 to 14,
Combustion plant, characterized in that the flue gas outlet (3) extends away from the furnace grate (2) in the direction of the flow of the flue gas (38).
前記排煙の出口（３）は下方の領域（３３）及び上方の領域（３４）を有し、そこでは、前記下方の領域（３３）における前記炉の格子（２）から前記排煙の出口（３）への入口（２９）は前記上方の領域（３４）に対してオフセットを持って配置されることを特徴とする燃焼プラント。 The combustion plant according to any one of claims 12 to 15,
The flue gas outlet (3) has a lower region (33) and an upper region (34), in which the flue gas outlet from the furnace grate (2) in the lower region (33) (3) A combustion plant, characterized in that the inlet (29) to the combustion plant is arranged with an offset to said upper region (34).
前記排煙（３８）の中に流体を注入するために、少なくとも１つのノズル（１０）が、前記炉の格子（２）の上で前記排煙（３８）の流れの方向に前記炉の格子（２）に対向した壁（３５）上に前記排煙の出口（３）の前に配置されるということを特徴とする燃焼プラント。 A combustion plant according to any one of claims 12 to 16,
For injecting fluid into the flue gas (38), at least one nozzle (10) is arranged above the furnace grate (2) in the direction of flow of the flue gas (38). Combustion plant, characterized in that it is arranged in front of said flue gas outlet (3) on a wall (35) opposite to (2).
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