CN100402925C

CN100402925C - Method and device for controlling injection of primary and secondary air in an incineration system

Info

Publication number: CN100402925C
Application number: CNB038079089A
Authority: CN
Inventors: B·埃答姆斯; R·德普罗弗特
Original assignee: SEGHERS KEPPEL TECHNOLOGY GROU
Current assignee: Keppel Seghers Holdings Pte Ltd
Priority date: 2002-04-03
Filing date: 2003-04-03
Publication date: 2008-07-16
Anticipated expiration: 2023-04-03
Also published as: AU2003221547A1; CN1646859A; EP1726877B1; DE60309301T2; EP1726877A1; WO2003083370A1; EP1490632B1; DE60322986D1; ES2275086T3; EP1490632A1; DE60309301D1; ATE343766T1; ATE404820T1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a device and method for incinerating waste material in a furnace-boiler comprising a feeding system, grate, furnace, post combustion chamber and primary and secondary air systems, wherein the row of nozzles of the secondary air system is divided into segments, each segment capable of injecting a different flow of air from that of adjacent segments. The invention further relates to a method for controlling said primary and secondary air systems.

Description

Burn the method and apparatus of solid material

Technical field

The present invention relates to comprise that many rows are separated into the waste calcining facility of several sections auxiliary air nozzle.This invention relates to a kind of auxiliary air Several Parameters that is used to control, and comprises in the following parameters at least one: flow, speed, turbulent flow, volume, composition and temperature, so that in CIU, make the burning process optimization.The present invention relates to control the injection method of first air.The present invention also relates to a kind of burning facility, its function is according to the first and air injection reaction of described method control.

Background technology

The combustion process of refuse is quite complicated, because wherein not only also produce all even uneven reaction in the above space of grate on grate.The boiler that comprises combustion chamber and after-burner partly is the key component of incinerator and need designs with great attention.The key property of this type boiler is good performance, high degree of flexibility, good practicality and reliability and has various press members acceptable service life.Flexibility is of crucial importance, and great changes have taken place because refuse is aspect for example composition and calorific value.Boiler must and produce steam and heat under the stationary mode as far as possible in operation under these states that often change.

Since implementing EU incineration of waste regulations (2000/076), requirement keeps residence time more than 2 seconds for municipal waste in temperature at least more than 850 ℃, comprehensive concentrating used selectivity residual waste and high heating value " problem " and inhomogeneous waste fuel, and the condition that reaches completing combustion becomes harsh more now.A large amount of existing devices do not design and move under these conditions and need these systems to carry out main improvement so that meet new requirement.

Several new technologies have been developed and have implemented in recent years for meeting these new demands.For increasing efficiency of combustion and minimizing discharging, provide oxygenous auxiliary air to be fed in the boiler so that improve the burning of combustible exhaust gas for combustion process for atmosphere pollution.For example, DE4401821 describes a kind of method and apparatus that improves burning of being made up of " replacement " that have the SAS Secondary Air Supply system.Use burning of this new secondary air injection system and after-combustion process effectively to improve and can cause also completing combustion significantly in the flue gas shorter time.

At this, noun replacement, non-aerodynamic body and prismatic body use interchangeably.But, a subject matter of acquisition active combustion is the good mixing of auxiliary air.The fine adjustments of auxiliary air is very difficult.In addition, owing in boiler, lack the enough turbulent flows that cause by auxiliary air, can not reach enough mixing of auxiliary air and combustible exhaust gas, cause imperfect combustion.Also have, in the time of in spraying into boiler, the auxiliary air of introducing is not usually correctly handled so that participate in the after-combustion process immediately.The result is, needs the long period to make that flue gas reaches completing combustion in the after-combustion process, and sprays into undressed auxiliary air even the after-combustion process that can slow down in boiler.

Another problem is that the temperature on the whole after-burner section is not constant; Sometimes the heat or colder of comparing with optimum temperature in the depression of flue gas causes such as nonconforming side effects such as burn into slagging scorification and dirts.

For addressing the above problem, the invention provides a kind of new equipment that comprises improved first air and secondary ventilation system, a kind of control comprises method and a kind of method of controlling first air of the parameter of auxiliary airs such as flow, speed, turbulent flow, volume, composition and temperature.Adopt this apparatus and method to cause highly effectively combustion process, it is characterized by the low initial ejection thing of generation and can adapt to EU regulations standard.

Brief summary of the invention

One embodiment of the present of invention are a kind of devices that burn solid material, comprising:

-feeding system can be introduced solid material to boiler,

-grate system comprises several grate elements,

-burner hearth can burn described solid material,

-after-burner, the flue gas that can burnout and produce owing to described burning,

-first air supply system can differentially cross different grate elements and cross grate width air distribution,

-replacement is placed on combustor exit and after-burner import, and can divide the flue gas stream that is produced becomes two independent flue gas streams,

-elbow, as device inner antetheca and rear wall, its shape makes it set up the flue gas path of two venturi-shaped with the replacement profile in after-burner import department,

The auxiliary air of row more than-two couples nozzle is located immediately at combustor exit and after-burner import, a pair of displacement body wall that is positioned at burner hearth inner front wall and opposite; Another is to being positioned at the displacement body wall on burner hearth inner back wall and opposite,

Wherein, each is arranged the auxiliary air nozzle region and is divided into two or more segmentations, and each segmentation comprises two or more nozzles, makes the air-flow by any segmentation can be different from its directly contiguous segmentation.

Another embodiment of the present invention is aforesaid device, wherein each segmentation with on relative paired auxiliary air nozzle row, be formed into right segmentation with the segmentation on its opposite.

Another embodiment of the present invention is aforesaid device, wherein crosses one or more valves for the circulation of air of each segmentation and/or regulates one or more fans and/or control according to selected auxiliary air nozzle diameter in described segmentation.

Another embodiment of the present invention is aforesaid device, wherein,

-each segmentation and the segmentation that is positioned at its opposite comprise big and than the described nozzle of minor diameter,

-have larger-diameter nozzle to approach the nozzle of having in described segmentation than minor diameter,

-nozzle alignment in relative segmentation makes those directly be placed on the opposite that has than the nozzle of minor diameter than major diameter person.

Another embodiment of the present invention is aforesaid device, also comprises 4 or more temperature sensors of any array, and each sensor is positioned at the top, zone that is limited by a pair of segmentation.

Another embodiment of the present invention is aforesaid device, and wherein auxiliary air is the auxiliary air pipeline supply of nozzle by its terminal, antetheca and rear wall and the membrane wall by replacement of these nozzles by described device.

Another embodiment of the present invention is aforesaid device, and wherein the SAS Secondary Air Supply pipeline is by forming in replacement inside or along two or more concentric tubes of outside, boiler wall.

Another embodiment of the present invention is aforesaid device, inner antetheca and the rear wall of wherein said device is bent to shape like this, make its profile set up the flue gas path of two venturi-shaped with replacement, and (α/β) is so that be increased in flue gas turbulent flow in the venturi-shaped Mixed Zone to have open angle between 20 ° to 40 °.

Another embodiment of the present invention is aforesaid device, and wherein replacement is made the rhomboid cylinder body shape of distortion.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a kind of method that adopts said apparatus to burn solid material that comprises.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a kind of aforesaid method, comprises the following steps:

(a) oxygen content of monitoring flue gas,

(b) the air total flow that needs from the described device of step (a) decision,

(c) air distribution makes the air total flow keep according to step (b) to first and SAS Secondary Air Supply system,

(d) monitor the temperature of each temperature sensor,

(e) balance is arranged in the temperature of the temperature sensor of each flue gas stream,

(f) temperature of balance in the comparison step (e), so that determine temperature hot in two air-flows,

(g) by be arranged in two air-flows the auxiliary air nozzle below the air-flow of heat increase secondary air flow, and reduce secondary air flow by the auxiliary air nozzle that is arranged in below the colder air-flow of two air-flows, thereby maintain comprehensively in the secondary ventilation system identical air total flow and

(h), two air-flows do not change the flow of auxiliary air if having same temperature according to step (f), so that maintain the same air total flow in the secondary ventilation system comprehensively.

Another embodiment of the present invention is a kind of aforesaid method, also comprises the following steps:

(i) when hotter person in two air-flows of decision in step (f) is positioned near the feeding system place, minimizing is near the first air mass flow below the grate element of feeding system, and be increased in the first air mass flow in the following area of all the other grate elements, make it in first air system, keep same air total flow

(j) when hotter person in two air-flows of decision in step (f) is positioned near output system, be increased near the first air mass flow below the grate element of feeding system, and reduce the first air mass flow in the following area of all the other grate elements, make it in first air system, keep same air total flow

(k), two air-flows do not change the flow of first air if having same temperature according to step (f), so that in first air system, keep same air total flow.

(l) temperature of each temperature sensor of relatively in step (d), monitoring and the equilibrium temperature that in step (e), determines,

When (m) temperature that detects when sensor is higher than the equilibrium temperature of decision in the step (e), with being arranged in the secondary air flow that auxiliary air nozzle below the sensor is increased in two segmentations, and minimizing is to the secondary air flow of other segmentation, so that maintain the same air total flow in the secondary ventilation system

When (n) temperature that detects when sensor is lower than the equilibrium temperature of decision in the step (e), reduce two segmentation secondary air flow with the auxiliary air nozzle that is arranged in below the sensor, and increase is to the secondary air flow of other segmentation, so that maintain the same air total flow in the secondary ventilation system

(o) do not change the flow of auxiliary air if the equilibrium valve of the temperature that is detected by sensor and decision in step (e) is identical, so that in secondary ventilation system, keep same air total flow.

The present invention relate on the other hand a kind of in burning device to the solid material heat-treating methods, comprise combustion chamber and after-burner, described method is made up of following basically:

-to combustion chamber supply solid material,

The material of-described the introducing of burning stage by stage, thereby the flue gas of the described after-burner of generation guiding,

-to utilize the replacement be present in the after-burner import and limit the flue gas path of two venturi-shaped to separate described flue gas be two independent flue gas streams;

Wherein by directly spraying auxiliary air and control one of following parameters at least: flow, turbulent flow, volume, speed or temperature by described air injection reaction at combustor exit and after-burner import.

The invention provides a kind of method and a kind of device that can carry out described method of controlling first air and air injection reaction Several Parameters, this method will greatly be improved the efficient of combustion process, and it will reduce emission and will meet strict more combustion process.

Concrete embodiment

To be presented among the following figure according to the several examples that may implement of the present invention.

Fig. 1 a shows according to setting of the present invention to have the burning boiler of replacement or prismatic 5 or the profile of incinerator.

Fig. 1 b is illustrated in

nozzle

30,31 fragmentary cross-sectional views that are used for air injection reaction in Fig. 1 a device shown.

The detail perspective view of vibration wing flap 20 among Fig. 2 a presentation graphs 1b.

Fig. 2 b-2d is wing flap 20 three positions in top view among the presentation graphs 2a schematically.

Fig. 3 a is the schematic perspective view that the

nozzle

30,31 of rotary valve 20 is set.

Fig. 3 b is the constructed profile of series of

spray nozzles

30,31, and wherein each

nozzle

30,31 is provided with independent rotary valve 20.

Fig. 3 c is the constructed profile of series of

spray nozzles

30,31, and wherein SAS Secondary

Air Supply pipeline

12,13,14 is provided with rotary valve 20.

Fig. 4 shows the fragment of as described above CIU and the angle that is formed by the after-burner inwall.

Fig. 5 demonstration has two profiles that are the in-line arrangement nozzle array, and wherein the

nozzle

42,43 on alternation sum opposite has different profile diameter.

Fig. 6 shows the profile of the replacement 5 with

concentric tube

47,48,49, and this concentric tube crosses the supply line of the zones of different of width in the CIU for the guiding auxiliary air.

Fig. 7 shows the graphics of boiler, comprises the example that is divided into according to a pair of nozzle row 71,72 of 3 segmentations 73,74,75 of the present invention.

Fig. 8 shows the graphics of boiler, comprises the example of the array of temperature sensor SA1, SA2, SA3, SB1, SB2, SB3, is each positioned in the zone that nozzle A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, B3 by segmentation limited.

Fig. 9 a and 9b explanation is a kind of according to method of the present invention, is used to correct because high and low-calorie refuse and according to the temperature imbalance of heat release form.

Figure 10 shows according to of the present invention to have the alternative burning boiler of replacement or prismatic 5 or a profile of incinerator, has feature and the sign same with Fig. 1 a.

Figure 11 shows the graphics of boiler, comprise temperature sensor SA1, SA2, SA3, SB1, SB2, SB3 array example and dispose the grid of several first air jeting areas according to the width of grate number of elements and boiler plant R1R....R5R, R1C....R5C and R1L....R5L.

Concrete embodiment

One aspect of the present invention relates to a kind of burner and method, it is characterized by at the center, combustion zone Special secondary air injection system, directly at combustor exit with entering before the after-burner, and extremely Control less one of following parameters: flow, turbulent flow, volume, composition, speed or temperature. Pass through auxiliary

air Supply line

12,13,14 is on boiler antetheca 6 and rear wall 7 and in several sprays of replacement 5 both

sides Mouth import

30,31, flue gas stream " A " and " B " that the auxiliary air input is separated (see Fig. 1 a).

The present invention seeks to make combustion process optimization in the CIU and guarantee the completing combustion of flue gas, so that satisfy the requirement of EU regulations (2000/076) and increase the performance and the service life of incinerator press member.Use such novelty and in check secondary ventilation system to cause between by the oxygen of SAS Secondary Air Supply and flue gas, more effectively mixing, and will improve combustibility.Therefore, described apparatus and method cause in the after-burner of the boiler flue gas zone of burnouting short more and that clearly limit, promptly more than replacement number meter.Can adjust according to the parameter that the requirement of burning process is listed.Suitable in addition boiler geometry can provide the gentle distributions of even speed more and avoid recirculation and dead band at boiler zones of different inner flue gas.Therefore, boiler has double-venturi shape transition zone between burning and after-burner, and it also promotes mixing of part flue gas stream " A " and " B " and the auxiliary air that sprays into.The efficient that increases combustion process of mixing of improved auxiliary air and flue gas.

In another embodiment, the auxiliary air that is characterized as of this method is interrupted continuously, so that pass through to produce when the auxiliary air nozzle discharges additional pulsation with secondary air streams in boiler.In exquisite more configuration, secondary air streams or interruption (seeing Fig. 1 b, 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 3a, 3b, 3c) continuously in SAS Secondary

Air Supply pipeline

12,13,14 or in

nozzle

30,31 or in the two.

In another embodiment, these apparatus and method be characterized as secondary air streams by having the different cross section diameter nozzle and/or by the auxiliary air pipeline supply, the auxiliary air of allowing different controls flows to several zones, is distributed on whole width of after-burner.According to one aspect of the present invention, the guiding auxiliary air enters the nozzle diameter of boiler for having different size (Fig. 5) alternately.This causes the injection of different alternately secondary air streams in after-burner, cause additional turbulent flow in boiler.According to another aspect of the present invention, combination SAS Secondary

Air Supply pipeline

12,13,14 supplies of secondary air streams by constituting by 2 or a plurality of

concentric tube

47,48,49 (Fig. 6).More accurately control auxiliary air each zone to the after-burner width by the auxiliary air tolerable of described concentric pipe supply.The concentric tube that employing is worked in coordination is allowed the auxiliary air of only supplying different flow by an independent supply line.The auxiliary air that may need different flow according to combustion process different phase in the specific region.

Another aspect of the present invention relates to the device of incineration of waste, and (Fig. 1 a), it is characterized by described device by SAS Secondary

Air Supply pipeline

12,13,14 supplying secondary airs, this duct end is

several nozzles

30,31, be located immediately at combustor exit 3 and before entering after-burner 4, wherein the control of auxiliary air is at least by one of following parameters: flow, turbulent flow, volume, composition, speed or temperature.

In another embodiment, this device provides auxiliary air by 12,13,14 pairs of

nozzles

30,31 of SAS Secondary Air Supply pipeline, and (Fig. 1 a) for antetheca 6 by boiler and rear wall 7 and the antetheca by replacement 5 and rear wall.The significant advantage of air injection reaction is the mixing of flue gas, almost reaches 1/4 of original boiler for deeply owing to reduce the necessary penetration depth of air injection reaction a fluid stream.By the air injection reaction that has low indivedual air-flows in a large number auxiliary air is heated more apace and reach the needed reaction temperature of CO-oxidation (about 600 ℃) than small nozzle.

In another embodiment, the present invention designs described device, and wherein the SAS Secondary Air Supply pipeline is made up of two or more concentric pipes at least.This is that the supply of the different flow of auxiliary air only need be passed through an independent pipeline.Two or more concentric pipe allow that the auxiliary air of control independently flows to the individual areas on the after-burner width, for example corresponding to different grate passages (Fig. 6).

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to described device, wherein unstable wing flap 20 is positioned at SAS Secondary Air Supply pipeline or nozzle or the two inside, and can set up pulse pneumatic (Fig. 1 b) when auxiliary air sprays into the combustion chamber of incinerator.(Fig. 2 a) wing flap has prism shape and is hinged in the air supply line in typical structure.Because its unsettled balance-as the function of its weight, length or shape-and design vibrate in (=approximately 120 to 500 pulsation of the per minute) frequency range 2 to 9 pulsation/seconds, these wing flaps will disturb the laminar flow in SAS Secondary Air Supply pipeline or nozzle and provide to have can force the better secondary air streams of the additional pulse amplitude of mixing.The frequency of vibration can be used the disposable weight adjustment of wing flap, thereby changes its position of centre of gravity.Wing flap length can preferably determine as follows:

Minimum wing flap length=1K * B √ 2=f (500 pulsation/minute)

Maximum wing flap length=3K * B √ 2=f (120 pulsation/minute)

The specific wing flap of K=-value=f (weight, center of gravity)

B=is at the duct width at wing flap place

In another embodiment, the present invention relates to described device, have other SAS Secondary Air Supply pipeline of a pair of branch, its end is provided with the nozzle of different-diameter alternately.This arranges so, make SAS Secondary Air Supply pipeline 12 with antetheca 6 top nozzles that are positioned at boiler (Fig. 1 a), with have the SAS Secondary Air Supply pipeline 14 that is positioned at replacement antetheca top nozzle and form a pair of.SAS Secondary Air Supply pipeline 13 with rear wall 7 top nozzles that are positioned at boiler with have the SAS Secondary Air Supply pipeline 14 that is positioned at replacement rear wall top nozzle and form that another is right.In exquisite more structure, the nozzle that is characterized as two opposites of this device has different outlet diameters (Fig. 5).This means two opposites but coaxial nozzle has label separately is 43 and 42 big and little inside diameter.The nozzle that these different sizes face one another can improve mixing of the auxiliary air that sprays into and flue gas consumingly.

In typical embodiment, about the inventive system comprises replacement 5 with rhombus profile of distortion shown in Fig. 4 and 6.

The method and apparatus how according to the present invention the Several Parameters in the air injection reaction to be controlled is presented among Fig. 1 a.This system is by

nozzle

30,31 supplying secondary air in path " A " and " B " shown in Fig. 1 b.At combustor exit with in the import of after-burner, auxiliary air most desirably directly sprays in the flowing of waste gas.By several SAS Secondary

Air Supply pipelines

12,13,14 that are positioned at the

nozzle

30,31 of boiler antetheca and replacement 5 both sides that lead, auxiliary air sprays into flue gas stream " A " and " B " of separation.According to Fig. 1 a, before the boiler and

rear film wall

6 and 7 and the membrane wall 19 of replacement 5 be provided with refractory material, series of

spray nozzles

30,31 is by these refractory materials.

According to the present invention, total amount of oxygen that first and auxiliary air is introduced boiler as conduct disclosed here is determined by the oxygen content of flue gas.So the oxygen of introducing distributes in first and auxiliary air inlet system according to the method for this technology.According to the present invention, distribution first and auxiliary air weakens by the temperature of monitoring at air-flow part A and B as described below.

In one embodiment of the invention, the measurement of effluent gas temperature is installed in the boiler as described in this, promptly at flue gas stream " A " and more than several meters of " B " outlet, so that measure the actual temperature of each part that flows.In one aspect of the invention, thermometric purpose is in combustion process, and by changing secondary air flow, part " A " is kept and approached temperature same in the aft section " B " (about 1,000 ℃) in front.Therefore, when observing the effluent gas temperature increase in " A " part, the auxiliary air that flows to " A " part just should increase until automatically set up equal temperature.Simultaneously, secondary air streams is reduced so that keeping the auxiliary air total flow is constant in " B " part, increases unless observe total moisture content in two parts, should increase the auxiliary air total flow thus.

In one aspect of the invention, temperature survey is associated with the ability of the boiler state of secondary air injection system response change, discharges the variation of form such as heat on grate.For example, when the high heating value waste material enters in the burner hearth suddenly, the burning of waste material will will rise to more than the temperature set-point from first element beginning of grate and at A effluent gas temperature partly, and therefore heat discharges metamorphosis trend feed hopper.Set point can be the temperature of Any user definition.Set point temperatures can be at 900 to 1100 ℃, 950 to 1050 ℃, 920 to 1020 ℃, 970 to 1070 ℃, 980 to 1080 ℃, 970 to 1030 ℃, 980 to 1020 ℃ or 990 to 1010 ℃.This system can discern overheated and temperature imbalance and as described above reaction.When the low heat value waste material add and grate on during combustion-delaying, similar process then takes place, but is undertaken by rightabout.This is example shown in Fig. 9 a, and wherein temperature sensor 91,92 is placed in replacement each flue gas stream more than 5.When high heating value waste material 93 entered burner hearth, gas temperature increased in flue gas stream A, therefore was placed on the temperature that the sensor above the set point 91 is surveyed on the air current A and improved.The raising of this temperature and imbalance cause more auxiliary airs from spraying into than thermal air current 94 followed nozzles, and less auxiliary air is sprayed into from flow 95 followed nozzles than cold air.

In Fig. 9 b, when low heat value waste material 96 entered burner hearth as described herein, heat discharges form, and a little changed from feed hopper and removes and tend to export 901.A little increase of gas temperature in air-flow B is placed on the temperature that set point is surveyed with sensor among the overdraught B 92 thereby improve.The raising of this temperature and imbalance cause more auxiliary airs from spraying into than thermal air current 97 followed nozzles, and less auxiliary air is sprayed into from flow 98 followed nozzles than cold air.

Another aspect of the present invention, the detection of gas flow temperature is used as the type that demonstration in advance enters the burner hearth waste material in air-flow part A and B, and can be connected to grate speed and the process control of first air along different grate elements distributions.For example, shown in Fig. 9 a, when high heating value waste material 93 as disclosed here when entering burner hearth, the burning of waste material will discharge metamorphosis from first element beginning of grate and grate heat and will tend to grate waste material input (hopper) and hold 99.Consequently waste material will tend to waste material input 99 burnings of grate.According to the present invention, heat discharges the variation of form to be surveyed by the effluent gas temperature sensor 91 in the A part, and this temperature will be elevated to more than the set point temperatures.Set point temperatures can be any defined as described above temperature.Temperature imbalance between detectable overtemperature of this system and identification division A and the part B, and be lower than or react to the first air of R2 near high heating value waste material R1 by reducing supply discharges form and returns and tend to the after-burner zone so that move heat.Meanwhile, increase so that keep first air stream total amount constant to the first air stream in all the other positions of R5 at grate R3.When low-calorie waste material adds fashionablely, similar process will take place, but in the opposite direction carry out, and the burning on the grate is delayed, move (Fig. 9 b) so that make heat discharge form towards waste outlet 901 directions.

As described above, the nozzle that sprays auxiliary air is arranged in two pairs of horizontally-arrangeds, respectively comes on the wall on opposite.A pair of furnace wall is formed by the displacement body wall on boiler internal antetheca and opposite; Another is formed by boiler internal rear wall and opposite displacement body wall the furnace wall.According to one aspect of the present invention, each is arranged the auxiliary air nozzle region and is divided into two or more segmentations, and each segmentation comprises two or more nozzles, and making can be same or different with the segmentation of direct vicinity by the air stream of any segmentation.Control at the air of segmentation stream can pass through valve, by regulating one or more fans, by adjusting nozzle diameter within the specific limits, or by all these measures comprehensively.Within the scope of the present invention, the nozzle diameter that belongs to segmentation is placed on the opposite of same diameter nozzle on the corresponding opposite walls.Within the scope of the present invention, the diameter that belongs to the nozzle of segmentation in addition be placed on opposite walls on the opposite of different-diameter nozzle.When the nozzle that is placed on the opposite was different-diameter, also within the scope of the present invention, nozzle of small diameter was placed on the opposite that has than the major diameter nozzle.

The boiler example that comprises polygon row's auxiliary air nozzle of dividing into 3 rows is presented among Fig. 7.Fig. 7 shows that a pair of auxiliary air nozzle row 71,72 divides into 3 segmentations 73,74,75.The control of auxiliary air obtains by the valve 77 of control to the air mass flow of individual segmentation, and valve 78 controls are to the air mass flow of each row's nozzle.

According to one aspect of the present invention, array of temperature sensor is installed in above two air-flows parts " A " and " B " outlet several meters so that measure each air-flow part actual temperature.According to the present invention on the other hand, the temperature sensor quantity of installation equals the number of fragments that each is distinguished many rows nozzle.According to the present invention on the other hand, sensor array in each air-flow part " A " and " B " is so placed, make each sensor be placed on by one along the furnace wall nozzle sections, along the nozzle sections of furnace wall, corresponding opposite and respectively arrange distance is limited between the nozzle top, zone and near.In presents, by along the furnace wall nozzle sections, correspondingly be called " sectional ejecting area " along furnace wall, opposite nozzle sections and the defined area of each row's nozzle distance.Fig. 8 shows the boiler example that has temperature sensor 81 arrays of the replacement of being placed on 5 tops according to one of the present invention.The sectional ejecting area is masked as A1, A2, A3 as described above, is limited by 73,74,75 of nozzle sections.Temperature sensor SA1, SA2 and SA3 be placed on each sectional ejecting area A 1, A2 and A3 top and near.Sensor SB1, the SB2 of similar layout and SB3 be placed on another path (" B ") sectional ejecting area top and near, described sectional ejecting area can be masked as B1, B2 and B3." near zone " of sectional ejecting area can calculate the position and the size decision of arriving the sectional ejecting area in after-burner cross section in the stenosis import of after-burner by Extrapolation method.This Extrapolation method utilizes the traditional handicraft method to implement.

The accurate control of air themperature is important for reduce burn into slagging scorification and pollution effects as far as possible in after-burner.The inventor has been found that the difference that has temperature at the after-burner each several part, and for example, the temperature of crossing over part A may be hotter than the edge in the centre.The inventor finds that this difference may be local or comprehensive, regulates by air injection reaction (flow) rate that changes below local temperature difference zone, so can cause reducing in after-burner and boiler burn into slagging scorification and pollution.In the present invention on the other hand, each divides into one or more segmentations as mentioned above to many rows nozzle, and in the array each sensor be placed on each sectional ejecting zone the top or near; In such layout, the temperature decision that is detected by each sensor is by the air-injection rate of each respective nozzle segmentation.For example, in Fig. 8, the air mass flow that flows out from nozzle 74 at indicated sectional ejecting zone A2 is by the reading decision of sensor SA2; The air mass flow that flows out from nozzle 73 at indicated sectional ejecting zone A1 is by the reading decision of sensor SA1; The air mass flow that flows out from nozzle 75 at indicated sectional ejecting zone A3 is by the reading decision of sensor SA3.The inventor is surprised to find that, can introduce the position and the rate adaptation (in other words being secondary air flow) of boiler with auxiliary air in the fluctuation of after-combustion zone local temperature.This unexpected discovery means that the effect of cooling pan furnace wall can be compensated.In addition, because, for example, be subjected to existence, or be subjected to relatively large waste material in the middle of the grate and cause and cross that inhomogeneous loading causes that the inhomogeneous of any temperature can be compensated in after-burner on the grate narrow road at grate edge high heating value waste material.

The inventor also finds, the temperature difference can be partly or all sidedly by changing the first air mass flow below local temperature difference zone in each segmentation in after-burner as previously discussed.This shows in Figure 11, wherein illustrates boiler 3 dimensional views that have replacement 5 and array of temperature sensor SA1, SA2, SA3, SB1, SB2 and SB3 according to the present invention.Grate R_R, R_C and R_L control can and be crossed in the input of first air along different grate element R1 to R5.In one embodiment of the invention, burner hearth comprises along grate and crosses the first air input area that 2 of grate width is tieed up arrays.In another embodiment of the present invention, the first air mass flow that the influence of temperature change that is detected by array of temperature sensor in after-burner crosses the grate width.In another embodiment of the present invention, the temperature sensor that displays temperature increases impels at the flow that is positioned at one or more first air input areas on the described sensor lower position and reduces.For example, increase, be positioned at flow that the following corresponding first air intlet zone of SA1 will be by minimizing R1L and/or R2L and/or R3L in response if sensor SA1 detects temperature.Air mass flow in all the other first air intlet zones increases so that keep correct air overall supplies.

Also the CO-concentration (minimizing atmospheric pressure) in HCl, Cl and the existence of Cl compound reduces the potential possibility of corroding to apparatus and method disclosed here in flue gas stream by reduce as far as possible.

Can with this method and apparatus reduce significantly from according to boiler of the present invention carry combustion chamber and the after-burner of dust to incinerator because below grate, need less generally first air.The attendant advantages of this system is that combustion process 2-3 rice above replacement is finished and on after-burner top fray-out of flame do not taken place.Be close to burning completely on replacement, flue temperature distributes and does not exist hot gas layer and flue gas to carry a spot of dust uniformly, causes the boiler area of heating surface to reduce and pollutes.Because it is a lot of that the pollution of boiler area of heating surface tendency reduces, in the manpower cleaning and the cycle between shutting down can increase.Therefore, this can cause the maintenance and repair expense to reduce on the whole and increase the available degree of device simultaneously.

Refractory liner scope at first passage can reduce to few degree.Only be enough to meet 2 seconds/850 ℃ rule.In addition, because the membrane wall that after-burner and the first passage level of no longer needing protection is above is fully finished at burning several meters more than replacement.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the supply of auxiliary air is continuously by disturbance, its objective is to set up auxiliary air in the pulsation that enters before the boiler.According to Fig. 1 b, this pulsation can be finished with the unstable wing flap 20 in the SAS Secondary

Air Supply pipeline

12,13,14 that is placed on shown in Fig. 1 b.Main auxiliary air pipeline 16 is carried to described SAS Secondary

Air Supply pipeline

12,13,14.The perpetual motion of wing flap 20 will be set up the auxiliary air pulse pneumatic in two parts " A " and " B " zone.

Fig. 2 a, 2b, 2c and 2d explain the effect of persistent movement wing flap 20 under hinge means in detail.Fig. 2 a shows does not have external force to drive the wing flap 20 of vibration automatically.The oscillation amplitude of these automatic wing flaps depends on length, shape and the weight of wing flap.For the situation of rotary valve, vibration momentum intensity can be explained as Fig. 3 a, with the rotation round valve 20 that external force (such as motor) drives, realizes on single nozzles.External force driver's valve 20 can be positioned at

other nozzle

30,31 shown in Fig. 3 b, perhaps be shown in the common SAS Secondary

Air Supply pipeline

12,13,14 as Fig. 3 c.The position of valve 20 in each comfortable SAS Secondary

Air Supply pipeline

12,13,14, perhaps shown in Fig. 3 b, is in each

nozzle

30,31 shown in Fig. 3 c, has different influences for the vibration momentum of nozzle.

The means that make air impulsive motion as described above are in the scope of the invention, and it can be installed in any boiler according to the present invention.

Fig. 1 a shows the section of boiler, combustion chamber and after-burner in the typical incinerator, and this device is designed for incinerating solid waste or organism especially, forms by having the burner hearth 2 that burns grate 25, and grate is accepted solid waste by the feed hopper 1 that has pusher.The flue gas that is produced is directed into combustion chamber 3 and after-burner 4.Be in that hopper 22 below the grate is used for collecting the grate outsifting and simultaneously as first air groove supply.First air is by several first air supply line 23 supplies.In the end of grate 25, ashes fall into ashes extractor (not shown) by vertical shaft 21.The still imperfect combustion flue gas that produces is divided into two strands of air-flows by the replacement 5 that is installed in the after-burner import.Utilization is placed on the replacement 5 of combustor exit 3 and after-burner import 4, and the flue gas path is divided into two air-flow grooves " A " and " B ".4 row's nozzles of after-burner 4 imports of auxiliary air by replacement 5 wherein is set spray into.Auxiliary air imports by nozzle 30 in boiler antetheca 6 and rear wall 7 and the nozzle on the replacement 5 31.Flue gas is mixed with auxiliary air, and its result several meters eminences above replacement 5 are finished completing combustion, and also causes short flame and more uniform oxygen concentration.Auxiliary air is fed to SAS Secondary Air Supply pipeline 12,13,14 by secondary air fan used 9 by SAS Secondary Air Supply pipeline 11 and enters nozzle 30,31, and the valve 15 of regulating auxiliary air is set in the pipeline 11.

Alternative and the possible setting of the present invention is presented among Fig. 5,6,7,8,11 and 12.Fig. 5 discloses two auxiliary air pipelines of parallel alignment and has the

nozzle

42,43 of staggered different-diameter.The nozzle on two opposites has major diameter 43 and minor diameter 42 separately so that improve the auxiliary air that sprays into and the mixing of flue gas.Fig. 6 illustrates and uses different

concentric pipe

47,48,49 supplying secondary airs to pipeline 14.Because 3

concentric pipe

47,48 are set, 49,3 kind of different secondary air mass flow can be controlled independently and spray crossing on the boiler width.

Claims

1. device that burns solid material comprises:

-feeding system (1) can be introduced solid material to boiler,

-grate system (25) comprises several grate elements,

-burner hearth (2) can burn described solid material,

-after-burner (4), the flue gas that can burnout and produce owing to described burning,

-first air supply line (23) can differentially cross different grate elements and cross grate width air distribution,

-replacement (5) is placed on combustor exit and after-burner (4) import, and can divide the flue gas stream that is produced becomes two independent flue gas streams,

-elbow, as device inner antetheca (6) and rear wall (7), its shape makes it set up the flue gas path of two venturi-shaped with the replacement profile in after-burner import department,

-two couples of auxiliary air nozzle rows (71,72) are located immediately at combustor exit and after-burner import, a pair of displacement body wall that is positioned at burner hearth inner front wall and opposite; Another is characterized by being positioned at the displacement body wall on burner hearth inner back wall and opposite, each auxiliary air nozzle row (71,72) divide into two or more segmentations (73,74,75), each segmentation comprises two or more nozzles (30,31), make air-flow can be different from its directly contiguous segmentation by any segmentation, wherein, each segmentation (73,74,75) with the segmentation on its opposite on relative paired auxiliary air nozzle row, be formed into right segmentation.

2. according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that, cross one or more valves (15,77) and/or regulate one or more fans (9) and control for the circulation of air of each segmentation (73,74,75).

3. according to the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that, control according to selected auxiliary air nozzle (30,31) diameter in described segmentation for the air stream of each segmentation (73,74,75).

4. according to the described device of claim 2, it is characterized in that, control according to selected auxiliary air nozzle (30,31) diameter in described segmentation for the air stream of each segmentation (73,74,75).

5. according to any one the described device in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that,

-each segmentation (73,74,75) and the segmentation that is positioned at its opposite comprise big and than the described nozzle (30,31) of minor diameter,

-nozzle alignment in relative segmentation makes those larger-diameter nozzles directly be placed on the opposite that has than the nozzle of minor diameter.

6. according to any one described device in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, also comprise 4 of any array or more temperature sensors (SA1, SA2, SA3, SB1, SB2, SB3), each sensor is positioned at the top, zone that is limited by a pair of segmentation.

7. according to any one described device in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, auxiliary air is a nozzle (30 by its terminal, 31) a plurality of SAS Secondary Air Supply pipelines (11,12,13,14) supply, these nozzles antetheca (6) and rear wall (7) and the membrane wall that passes through replacement (5) by described device.

8. according to any one described device in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, described a plurality of SAS Secondary Air Supply pipeline (11,12,13,14) at least one in (14) is connected in the described nozzle (31) that passes replacement (5) membrane wall, and described at least one SAS Secondary Air Supply pipeline (14) is by inner in replacement (5) or along two or more concentric tubes (47 of outside, boiler wall, 48,49) form.

9. according to any one described device in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that, inner antetheca (6) and the rear wall (7) of described device is bent to shape like this, make its profile set up the flue gas path of two venturi-shaped with the replacement both sides, and have open angle α and β between 20 ° to 40 °, so that be increased in the flue gas turbulent flow in the venturi-shaped Mixed Zone.

10. according to any one described device in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that replacement (5) is made the rhomboid cylinder body shape of distortion.

11. a method of burning solid material, this method adopts a kind of device that burns solid material, and this device comprises:

-feeding system (1) can be introduced solid material to boiler,

-grate system (25) comprises several grate elements,

-burner hearth (2) can burn described solid material,

-two couples of auxiliary air nozzle rows (71,72) are located immediately at combustor exit and after-burner import, a pair of displacement body wall that is positioned at burner hearth inner front wall and opposite; Another is to being positioned at the displacement body wall on burner hearth inner back wall and opposite,

Wherein, each auxiliary air nozzle row divides into two or more segmentations (73,74,75), each segmentation comprises two or more nozzles (30,31), make air-flow can be different from its directly contiguous segmentation, wherein by any segmentation, each segmentation (73,74,75) with the segmentation on its opposite on relative paired auxiliary air nozzle row, be formed into right segmentation

Also comprise 4 of any array or more temperature sensors (SA1, SA2, SA3, SB1, SB2, SB3), each sensor is positioned at the top, zone that is limited by a pair of segmentation;

Described method comprises the following steps:

(a) oxygen content of monitoring flue gas,

(c) air distribution makes the air total flow keep according to step (b) to first (23) and SAS Secondary Air Supply system,

(d) monitor each temperature sensor temperature (SA1, SA2, SA3, SB1, SB2, SB3),

(f) temperature of balance in the comparison step (e), so that determine in two air-flows (97,98) that of heat,

(g) by being arranged in the auxiliary air nozzle (30 below the air-flow of heat of two air-flows, 31) increase secondary air flow, and reduce the secondary air flow of the nozzle below being arranged in the colder air-flow of two air-flows, thereby maintain comprehensively in the secondary ventilation system identical air total flow and

12. in accordance with the method for claim 11, it is characterized in that, also comprise the following steps:

(i) hotter person is positioned near feeding system (99) when locating in two air-flows of decision in step (f), minimizing is in the first air mass flow below the grate element of feeding system, and be increased in the first air mass flow in the following area of all the other grate elements, make it in first air system, keep same air total flow

(j) when hotter person is positioned near output system in two air-flows of decision in step (f), be increased near the first air mass flow below the grate element of feeding system, and reduce the first air mass flow in the following area of all the other grate elements, make it in first air system, keep same air total flow

13. according to claim 11 or 12 described methods, it is characterized in that, also comprise the following steps:

(l) relatively in step (d) each temperature sensor of monitoring (SA1, SA2, SA3, SB1, SB2, temperature SB3) and the equilibrium temperature that in step (e), determines,