CN102012042A - System for combustion optimization using quantum cascade lasers - Google Patents

System for combustion optimization using quantum cascade lasers Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102012042A
CN102012042A CN201010287116XA CN201010287116A CN102012042A CN 102012042 A CN102012042 A CN 102012042A CN 201010287116X A CN201010287116X A CN 201010287116XA CN 201010287116 A CN201010287116 A CN 201010287116A CN 102012042 A CN102012042 A CN 102012042A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
boiler
burner
common location
running status
location place
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Pending
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CN201010287116XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
N·C·韦默
D·莫伊达
W·R·西克
M·辛普森
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication of CN102012042A publication Critical patent/CN102012042A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
    • F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
    • F22B37/38—Determining or indicating operating conditions in steam boilers, e.g. monitoring direction or rate of water flow through water tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J7/00—Arrangement of devices for supplying chemicals to fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/022—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2237/00—Controlling
    • F23N2237/02—Controlling two or more burners

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for combustion optimization using quantum cascade lasers. A system with a boiler (12) and a turbine (14), and an associated control method. The method includes sensing a plurality of operating conditions at a first common boiler (12) location. At least one of the plurality of operating conditions sensed at the first common location is indicative of a combustion anomaly occurring during operation. The combustion anomaly indicated by the plurality of operating conditions at the first common location is traced back to an offending burner that is at least partially responsible for the combustion anomaly based on a model that takes into consideration at least two of the plurality of operating conditions sensed at the first common location. At least one of a process input and a boiler (12) configuration is adjusted to establish a desired value of the operating conditions at the first common location.

Description

The use amount qc laser is used for the system of burning optimization
Technical field
Relate generally to of the present invention is used for control and produces steam to drive turbine or to provide process steam or the method and apparatus of the operation of the boiler of heating (heating), and more specifically, relate to by with a plurality of running statuses of common sensor sensing, so that monitor and be controlled at the method and apparatus of the burning in the boiler at the common location place.
Background technology
A kind of method that produces electric power comprises uses the steam drive turbogenerator.The boiler that is used to produce steam generally includes the burner hearth (furnace) of the array that has individual burner, and burner is used to exist coal hydrogen fuel under the situation of oxygen, improves the temperature of water and produces the steam that will be transported to turbine.The combustibility that offers the individual burner of burner hearth can influence combustibility partly in burner hearth, thereby and integrally influences the overall performance of boiler.
If one or more burners are operation in the best way not, promptly be called as the state of abnormal combustion, this boiler can discharge the byproduct of unsatisfactory level, for example nitrogen oxide (" NO X"), carbon monoxide (" CO "), mercury (" Hg "), and have for example unburned carbon of other byproduct (usually being expressed as igniting loss or " LOI ").Abnormal combustion also can cause rich fuel gas and high local gas temperature, and it can help to be called the formation of the ash deposition that is difficult to remove of slag, maybe can cause boiler tube-wall loss by corrosion and heat fatigue.In this type of situation, must from the burner array, select the burner of damage, and adjust the performance of optimizing boiler then.In case identify the burner of damage, then the performance of this burner can be optimized by the mode of burning control, and this can comprise that the flow rate that changes hydrocarbon fuel and be introduced into burner, flow rate, the rotary speed component (i.e. rotation) of feed, jet angle, additive level that air is introduced into burner maybe can proofread and correct other suitable variable of abnormal combustion.
Traditional boiler control system depends on surveys abnormal combustion to the supervision of as a whole the exhaust from burner hearth (exhaust of the collective that is produced by the operation of all burners that move simultaneously just).In response to based on coming the detection of the abnormal combustion of the amount of the measurement of collective's exhaust since then, can in the trial of optimizing boiler operatiopn, adjust to the fuel of whole burner array and/or the supply of air.This type of control method fails to consider the local influence of each burner to boiler, and can not sum up the individual contributions of each burner to abnormal combustion.
More recent the trial reviews abnormal combustion to the most burner of one or more damages of the main cause of abnormal combustion among whole burner array.Yet, determine that the existence of abnormal combustion and the burner that identification damages typically are not for determining as the function of single running status (for example the specific location in boiler record temperature).On the contrary, in order to discern or the position of the burner that damages of constriction at least, this type of control method depends on the running status of a plurality of measurements of a plurality of diverse locations place sensing in boiler.
The array of individual sensor is disposed in a plurality of different position that spreads all over boiler and monitors different running status at each those diverse location places.For example, the concentration of carbon monoxide (" CO ") is monitored by the sensor array at the boiler exhaust mouth place that is arranged in the furnace outlet downstream.In addition, it is neighbouring to monitor the temperature near burner that array of temperature sensor has been disposed in the stove nose (nose of the furnace) that offers boiler.The temperature that temperature sensor is exposed to the close burner under it is typically for the CO concentration sensor and Yan Taigao, so that the CO concentration sensor can not be located jointly with temperature sensor.Therefore, CO concentration sensor array spatially be positioned at boiler away from temperature sensor another away from the position, they stand and will can not damage the much lower temperature of CO concentration sensor herein.But for the CO concentration that records of considering the common location place in boiler and the temperature that records are assessed abnormal combustion, one of them of the running status that these record needs mapped with corresponding to the value of another running status in the equivalence of this position.In other words, for example, the CO concentration that is recorded by each CO concentration sensor of adjacent row gas port all is adjusted the value with the CO concentration that records corresponding to the position that can be expected at each corresponding temperature sensor.Therefore, temperature that the common location place in boiler records and CO concentration of equal value can be used for determining whether abnormal combustion takes place, and in this case, determines which burner helps abnormal combustion.
This type of trial surmounts the CO concentration that only relies on exhaust ports and controls the conventional method of boiler and improved boiler control.But the degree of error of assessing the abnormal combustion has been introduced to the mapping of the running status of the sensing of another location in a position in boiler, has limited the ability of distinguishing the burner of damage effectively.In addition, this mapping needs to use a lot of Mathematical Modelings and strong control appliance, makes that boiler control is expensive and complicated.
Therefore, there is the demand of the operation that is used to control boiler being optimized the method and apparatus of its performance in the art.This method and apparatus can allow a plurality of running statuses at the common location place of sensing in boiler to survey abnormal combustion, and allows to optimize boiler operatiopn.
Summary of the invention
General introduction has hereinafter presented the general introduction of simplifying, with the basic understanding of some aspects that system that this paper is discussed and/or method are provided.This general introduction is not the system of this paper argumentation and/or the extensive overview of method.It is not that intention is determined the key/critical element of this type systematic and/or method or described its scope.Its unique purpose is to represent some notions as the preamble in greater detail that presents after a while with the form of simplifying.
According on the one hand, the invention provides a kind of method of the operation of controlling the system that comprises the boiler that has a plurality of burners.This method comprises that sensing is in a plurality of running statuses along the first common location place of boiler.One of them indication of a plurality of running statuses that record at the first common location place is at the abnormal combustion of the run duration generation of boiler.This method comprises the burner that abnormal combustion is traced back to damage, and the burner of this damage causes the abnormal combustion based on model at least in part, a plurality of running statuses that this model will record at this first common location place at least wherein two include consideration in.This method comprises one of them individual desired value of establishing in the running status at the first common location place of adjustment process input and boiler construction.
According on the other hand, the invention provides a kind of system, it comprises steam-powered turbine and boiler.This boiler comprises and is arranged in a plurality of burners that array comes the coal hydrogen fuel.This system comprises a plurality of sensors, each sensor all is suitable for a plurality of running statuses at the common location place of sensing in boiler, and when one or more running statuses drop on outside the preset range of suitable value of burning of indicative of desired, send the signal of indication abnormal combustion.This system comprises one of them the individual actuator that influences the operation of one of them burner that is used for control procedure input and boiler construction.This system comprises the controller that receives the signal of indication abnormal combustion with a plurality of sensor communications, wherein, in response to received signal, controller is reviewed the one or more running statuses outside the preset range of suitable value, the burner that helps the damage of abnormal combustion with identification, and control at least one that actuator is adjusted boiler construction and process input, one or more running statuses are brought into the preset range of suitable value.
According to again on the other hand, the invention provides a kind of system that comprises steam-powered turbine and boiler.This boiler comprises and is arranged in a plurality of burners that array comes the coal hydrogen fuel.This system comprises a plurality of Noninvasive sensors, each sensor all is suitable for remotely a plurality of running statuses at the common location place of sensing in boiler, and when one of them running status is fallen outside the preset range of suitable value of burning of indicative of desired, send the signal of indication abnormal combustion.This system comprises the controller that receives the signal of indication abnormal combustion with a plurality of Noninvasive sensor communications.But this controller comprises the computer access memory of storing model, and this model will and help the burner of at least one damage of abnormal combustion to connect from the running status outside the preset range of the suitable value of dropping on of one or more sensors.This system comprises the actuator by controller control, controller be used to control the hydrocarbon fuel of the burner that causes damage flow rate, cause damage burner air flow rate, cause by injector boiler additive flow rate and be used for additive is introduced one of them of angle of the injector of boiler, thereby running status is brought in the preset range of suitable value.
Description of drawings
The present invention can take physical form aspect the arrangement of some parts and parts, and embodiment will describe in detail in this specification, and illustrates in the accompanying drawing of a part that forms this specification, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is the indicative icon of power generation systems that comprises the boiler of coal combustion;
Fig. 2 is provided in a side of the indicative icon of the burner hearth in the boiler shown in Fig. 1, and wherein the part of burner hearth is cut;
Fig. 3 is a flow chart, illustrates an embodiment who is used in the method for the boiler inner control of coal combustion burning;
Fig. 4 A to 4D is the viewgraph of cross-section of the exhaust outlet of the boiler that is divided into the district of a kind of method of operation according to the control boiler, and the burning gradient of crossing over these districts is minimized; And
Fig. 5 is used to control the explanatory view that the interior burning of boiler minimizes the control system of burning gradient.
Component list:
4 lines
10 power generation systems
10 systems
12 boilers (10)
14 steam-turbogenerator
14 generators (2)
16 steam pipes
18 burner hearths (48)
20 feed bins
20 coal charge storehouses
22 flour mills (5)
24 coal dispensers (2)
26 fans (3)
26 fans
28 burners (14)
28 each individual burner
28 other burners
28 individual burners
28 burners (2)
28 another burners (2)
28 one or more burners (3)
More than 28 burner
28 burners that damage
28 each burner
28 burners (4) that damage
30 second fans
32 air conduits (2)
33 bellows
34 heat exchangers
35 stove noses
36 boiler exhaust pipes
36 blast pipes
38 sensors (10)
More than 38 Noninvasive sensor
38 each sensor (2)
38 suitable Noninvasive sensors
More than 38 sensor
38 sensors (3)
39 arrows (2)
41 valves
42 flame envelopes
44 auxiliary combustion districts
45 optical detectors (6)
45 corresponding optical detectors
More than 47 burning air nozzle
47 burning air nozzles
48 row
More than 49 fuel nozzle that reburns
49 fuel nozzles (4) that reburn
51 receive laser
51 laser (3)
52 dampers (2)
55 additive injector (2)
55 first additive injector (3)
57 containers
59 two-dimensional mesh rulings
60 each dotted line
60 dotted lines (2)
The quantity of 60 burning gradients
60 minimize the burning gradient
62 zones (9)
64 dotted lines (4)
66 zones (2)
70 main abnormal combustion zones (2)
72 dotted lines
80 dotted lines
82 control systems (3)
84 central processing units (4)
But 86 computer access memories (3)
88 data/address bus
100 steps
107 steps (2)
109 steps
110 steps (2)
115 steps (3)
The specific embodiment
Describe in the drawings and illustrate in conjunction with the example embodiment of one or more aspects of the present invention.These illustrated examples are not to be intended to limitation of the present invention.For example, one or more aspect of the present invention can utilize other embodiment and even the device of other type in.And some term only is to use for convenience in this article, and is not as the restriction on the present invention.Again in addition, adopt same reference number to indicate same element in the drawings.
Describe a kind of method of the operation of optimizing the fuel combustion boiler hereinafter in detail.The different spatial place that this method is included in the fuel combustion boiler furnace uses a plurality of different sensors to follow the trail of fired state and the relative different between the performance of individual burner in the burner hearth.Each sensor all can be used to a plurality of running statuses of sensing at different places, locus, thereby individual burner is adjusted, and produces the boiler performance of optimizing.The operation burner state of optimizing can change to another from a burner.This means that for example, one of them that air stream and fuel flow or both can be from the burners to the burner and change, and mean that for individual burner air-fuel ratio is not what be scheduled to.Or rather, each burner all can individually be setovered and be adjusted to satisfy as by as the burner hearth hereinafter described in detail in the boiler performance target of sensor indication.The performance of optimizing comprises, for example, and the NO of reduction for the boiler operatiopn of not optimizing XThe power output of discharging, the LOI discharging that reduces, the efficient that improves, raising, overtemperature curve, the slagging scorification of minimizing, the waterwall loss of reduction and/or the turbidity of improving of reduction.Can comprise that for example fuel stream, air stream, fuel-air ratio, burner flashboard (register) setting, burning air flow, be used for directed and other burner hearth input setting such as burner adjustment, boiler construction adjustment or both corrective actions the injector 55 of additive (comprising air or fuel) introducing burner hearth.
Description, Fig. 1 is the explanatory view of power generation systems 10, in an one exemplary embodiment, this system comprises the boiler 12 that is attached to steam turbin generator 14.Steam is produced in boiler 12 and with after steam pipe 16 flows to generator 14, and this generator 14 produces electric power by steam drive.Boiler 12 is combustion of fossil fuels in burner hearth 18, and for example coal, or other suitable hydrocarbon fuel source produces water is converted to the heat that is used to drive the required steam of generator 14.Certainly, in other embodiments, the fossil fuel of burning can comprise oil, natural gas or any other suitable incendiary material in burner hearth 18.Yet for succinct purpose, following description will claim that coal is a fuel.For example, broken coal is stored in the feed bin (silo) 20 and by pulverizer or flour mill 22 and wears into meticulous particulate.Coal dispenser 24 is adjusted the stream that enters the coal of flour mill 22 from coal charge storehouse 20.Force the air source, for example fan 25, be used to produce the air stream that comprises from the entrained particulates coal of flour mill 22, thereby coal particle is transported to burner hearth 18, and coal is by burner 28 burnings herein.Be used for coal particle is called as main air from the air from fan 26 that flour mill 22 is transported to burner 28.
Second fan 30 is supplied to burner 28 by air conduit 32 and bellows 33 with auxiliary air.Auxiliary air was heated after by heat exchanger 34 before being introduced into burner hearth 18, and heat is passed to air conduit 32 from boiler exhaust pipeline 36.When in burner hearth 18, there not being sufficient oxygen to exist, also be this paper when being referred to as the state of " oxygen shortage ", except that main air, can selectively auxiliary air be introduced in the burner hearth 18, just allow completing combustion at burned fuel.
Boiler 12 also comprises the network of actuator, and it can operate control procedure input and boiler construction one of them, thereby influence occurs in the burning in the burner hearth 18.Can adjust actuator and come the adjustment process input, such as fuel and/or the flow rate that enters the air of burner hearth 18, thereby will bring in the preset range of suitable value of indication as described below burning in a basic balance by the running status of array (Fig. 2) sensing of the sensor 38 that offers burner hearth 18.For example, the valve 41 (Fig. 1) between fan 26 and burner hearth 18 can be adjusted to individually and/or jointly be adjusted to the supply of the fuel of burner 28.Similarly, can adjust the stream that damper 52 is regulated the main air, auxiliary air or main air and the auxiliary air that enter burner hearth 18.The operation of fan 26,30, coal dispenser 24 and flour mill 22 can selectively be adjusted and control individually or with any combination, playing the effect of actuator, and running status is brought in the preset range of suitable value.
According to an alternative embodiment, can when attempting bringing into the value of running status in the preset range of suitable value, adjust the structure itself rather than the actuator (or except that actuator) of boiler 12.For example, burner hearth 18 can selectively be provided with additive injector 55, and this injector penetrates the wall of burner hearth 18, thereby extends into burner hearth 18, is used for desired additive is sprayed into burner hearth 18 from container 57, and selectively sprays into main combustion zone.Can use multiple additives (combustion additive for example, or be used for the magnesia of slag making), and any characteristic about additive should not be considered limitation of the present invention.Additive can be sprayed into burner hearth 18.Additive injector 55 is introduced burner hearth 18 residing angles with additive and can be adjusted, with the running status of influence in burner hearth 18.
The process input related with each individual burner 28 can be independent of the process input of other burner 28 selectively to be adjusted, to influence the combustibility of individual burner 28.Similarly, boiler construction, the jet angle of first additive injector 55 for example can be independent of another additive injector (not shown) and adjusts.The independent adjustment of this of boiler construction can mainly influence the combustibility of the burner 28 of contiguous first additive injector 55, and can not influence the combustibility of another burner 28 that ground, space and first additive injector 55 separate significantly.Therefore, the combustibility of each burner 28 all can individually be adjusted and be revised, thereby promotes burning in a basic balance.
Flue gas is upwards moving in burner hearth 18 on the vertical substantially direction, and this flue gas comprises such as being CO 2In addition the fuel combustion product of the completing combustion of form also has for example NO XByproduct with the non-expectation of CO composition.Flue gas is crossed the stove nose 35 of charging into the interior chamber that is limited by burner hearth 18 and is moved up, and the exhaust outlet through leading to blast pipe 36 37 generally perpendicularly moves down then.Exhaust outlet 37 is called as " downstream " that is positioned at burner 28, because flue gas is from the zone of contiguous burner 28 and then roughly by moving to exhaust outlet 37 on 39 indicated directions of the arrow shown in Fig. 2.Similarly, burner 28 is called as along the flue gas path by arrow 39 indication and is positioned at " upstream " with respect to exhaust outlet 37.
When the cross section flue gas of the exhaust outlet 37 of crossing over the burner hearth 18 that Fig. 4 A to 4D below with reference to describes has basic running status uniformly, reached burning in a basic balance.Running status can be any attribute in the burner hearth 18, and this attribute has been indicated the completeness of the burning of the hydrocarbon fuel that is attributable to the one or more burners 28 in burner hearth 18.The temperature that can comprise flue gas according to the example of this type of running status of an embodiment.According to other embodiment, this running status can comprise the constituent of flue gas, and for example, wherein composition can be CO X(X=1 or 2 herein), NO X(represent any binary compound of oxygen and nitrogen, or represent the mixture of this compounds, for example when X=1 or 2), O 2, N 2, total hydrocarbon (" THC "), VOC (" VOC "), SO 2, 8O 3, H 2One or more of O, OH base, LOI and any specific material.
With reference to figure 2, burner hearth 18 comprises a plurality of Noninvasive sensors 38 equally, and these rows of sensors are classified the cancellated structure of rule as and are arranged in the downstream of the flame envelope (flame envelope) 42 that is formed by burner 28 coal combustion in the main combustion zone of burner hearth 18.The grid position of sensor 38 can be selectively corresponding to the position of the burner 28 of the grid arrangement that also can be arranged as rule.For example, one of them sensor 38 can align with one of them burner 28 in row 48 substantially vertically.Burner hearth 18 also can comprise a plurality of burning air nozzles 47 and a plurality of fuel nozzle 49 that reburns in the downstream that is arranged in burner 28.The fuel nozzle 49 that reburns is introduced fuel in the auxiliary combustion district 44 in downstream, main combustion zone.When the oxygen that comes free burning air nozzle 47 to introduce the air of burner hearth 18 in the downstream of the fuel nozzle 49 that reburns exists, mix with the combustion product of autonomous combustion zone from the fuel of the fuel nozzle 49 that reburns.From the fuel of the fuel nozzle 49 that reburns, established the stoichiometry of balance from the oxygen of burning air with from the combination of the burning gases of the main combustion zone in the burner hearth, it promotes the completing combustion of fuel also to minimize for example CO and NO XThe formation and the discharging of unwanted combustion by-product.
Each sensor 38 all can selectively be any Noninvasive sensor, its can the common location place of sensing in burner hearth 18 a plurality of running statuses, and physically do not stretch into the inside of burner hearth, and physically contact or consume combustion product and do not come the sensing running status.Therefore, a plurality of running statuses at the common location place of spatial position measuring in burner hearth that the Noninvasive embodiment of sensor can be from afar.But two or more running statuses at each the sensor 38 same general position places of equal sensing in burner hearth 18 qualitatively or quantitative value, if can be selectively be in when being exposed to running status the position of damaging for sensor is physically located in this position in this position.For example, if want the running status of sensing to comprise the amount of temperature and carbon monoxide, the maximum temperature that the temperature that records at this common location place can stand greater than carbon monoxide transducer at this common location place.
Fall the preset range of suitable value of burning expectation, balance of indication fuel air mixture when outer when one or more running statuses that record, sensor 38 also can send the signal of indicating abnormal combustion.The sensing value of running status can obtain from absolute measurement, relative measurement and from the figure of the analysis of the fluctuation the burning quality.The example that is used for the suitable Noninvasive sensor 38 of sensing running status includes, but not limited to QCL (" QCL "), itself and optical detector 45 pairings that are used to receive from the laser 51 of QCL; Tunable diode laser or other optical pickocff; Radiation sensor; With can measure at any other sensor away from the running status at the common location place of sensor itself.
Although it is the combination that comprises QCL and optical detector 45 that sensor 38 is described in more detail below, other embodiment can comprise any suitable sensor, and these sensors can stand the state at the common location place, herein with a plurality of running statuses of sensing.In addition, according to an alternative embodiment, can selectively locate two sensors jointly, with the running status of sensing in this their correspondence of common location place.The example of this type of alternative of sensor 38 includes, but not limited to LOI sensor, temperature sensor, CO sensor, CO 2Sensor, NO XSensor, O 2Sensor, THC sensor, VOC (" VOC ") sensor, sulfur dioxide (SO 2) sensor, heat flow transducer, radiation sensor, turbidity sensor, emissivity sensor, humidity sensor, hydroxyl (OH) sensor, sulfur trioxide (SO 3) sensor, particulate matter sensor and emission spectrum sensor.
Fig. 5 has shown an illustrative embodiment of control system 82, and this control system is communicated by letter with a plurality of sensors 38 (Fig. 2) and received the signal of indication abnormal combustion, to control actuator and to carry out control method disclosed herein.As shown in the figure, but control system 82 comprises the central processing unit 84 of communicating by letter with computer access memory 86.Data/address bus 88 has been set up channel and has been promoted transmission as the signal of the part of method disclosed herein.But computer access memory 86 has been stored computer executable instructions, computer executable instructions is when being carried out by central processing unit 84,84 responses of indication central processing unit are from the signal of sensor 38, beginning the control of actuator on demand, thereby promote burning in a basic balance in burner hearth 18.More specifically, in response to received signal, control system 82 is reviewed by the outer one or more running status of the preset range that drops on suitable value of sensor 38 sensings, thereby identification helps the burner of the damage of abnormal combustion.But execution is controlled one of them that one or more actuators come adjustment process input and boiler construction from the central processing unit 84 of the computer executable instructions of computer access memory 86, thereby as the preset range of hereinafter describing in detail of running status being brought into suitable value.
The method of operation that comprises the boiler 12 peculiar systems 10 of a plurality of burners 28 according to a kind of control of an embodiment can be understood with reference to figure 3.Illustrated method will be described with reference to boiler 12 in Fig. 3, and this boiler comprises a plurality of QCL embodiment of sensor 38, and each QCL embodiment all is used for along a plurality of running statuses of the measurement of the laser non-intrusion type ground between QCL and its corresponding optical detector 45.According to this type of embodiment, this method comprises sensing at the first common location place, for example along a plurality of running statuses at 100 places (Fig. 3) of laser 51 (Fig. 2) in burner hearth 18.In the present embodiment, first common location that records a plurality of running statuses can be thought laser 51 (Fig. 2) and intersection point perpendicular to the plane in the path of the laser 51 in the burner hearth 18.Can represent the mean value of the running status that the QCL embodiment by the sensor 38 between each QCL and their corresponding optical detectors 45 records in the running status of the sensing at this intersection point place.For present embodiment, a plurality of running statuses that record comprise the temperature of flue gas and the amount of the CO in the flue gas at the first common location place.
But the value of the running status of being determined by its corresponding optical detector of QCL 45 can be recorded in the computer access memory in step 105.Write down the value of this running status and preserved the measured value of running status, be used for this method subsequently repeatedly during with the comparison of those values that record, to determine whether abnormal combustion improves.
One of them of a plurality of running statuses that record at the first common location place (being two kinds of running statuses in this example) can step 107 with to the scope of the predetermined acceptable value of those running statuses relatively.If the value of each running status of sensing all drops within the corresponding preset range of acceptable value, then boiler 12 suitably operation, and reached burning in a basic balance.Keep burning in step 109, and this method is back to step 100 and continues to monitor running status at the first common location place.
Yet if determine that in step 107 one or more running statuses drop on outside the preset range to the acceptable value of this running status, this type of state has been indicated the abnormal combustion of the run duration that occurs in boiler 12.During abnormal combustion, the flue gas of exhaust outlet 37 that leaves the burner hearth 18 of boiler 12 does not demonstrate burning in a basic balance.
Step 110 place in Fig. 3 is traced back to the burner of damage by the abnormal combustion in a plurality of one or more indications of running status of the first common location place sensing, and this burner causes abnormal combustion at least in part.Review abnormal combustion at least wherein two Mathematical Modelings of including consideration in based on a plurality of running statuses that will record at the first common location place.Because these a plurality of running statuses roughly the same position in burner hearth 18 records, these running statuses that record can be traced back to the burner of damage, and need not one of them running status that records is mapped to another the different locus that records another running status from the different locus in the burner hearth 18.In other words, the amount both of the temperature that records of the first common location place in burner hearth 18 and CO can trace back to the burner of one or more damages from this first identical common location in this example.The first common location place of both in burner hearth 18 records, and therefore, running status need not at first must be mapped to the value in the equivalence of another position, and another running status records to the pioneer of the burner that damages as reviewing running status in this position.On the contrary, to in causing by the burner identification that drops on for one or more damages of of the running status outside the preset range of the acceptable value of those running statuses or the abnormal combustion that both are indicated, each running status all can be considered to be in the first common location place and record.
The value of the running status of each sensing all can selectively be used for abnormal combustion is traced back to the burner 28 of damage, and can selectively be used for discerning and provide the most one or more burners 28 of significant contribution to abnormal combustion.For example, the burner 28 that aligns with the QCL embodiment of sensor 38 and corresponding optical detector 45 vertically, comparable another burner 28 that flatly departs from QCL and corresponding optical detector 45 helps the state in the temperature (under-temperature) on the low side at the common location place of measuring temperature more significantly.In addition, if but the amount of the CO that is recorded by sensor 38 at the first common location place that also senses temperature surpasses maximum permissible value, and can determine in burner hearth 18, to exist oxygen to lack.Based on the hydrodynamics in this specific hearth construction, this oxygen lacks can trace back to the one or more burners 28 that do not move with enough oxygen levels.
In response to the place of the step 110 in Fig. 3 abnormal combustion is traced back to the burner of damage, this method continue with the process input of the burning that is included in the burner that the adjustment influence of step 115 place damages and boiler construction one of them is individual.For example, if surpass maximum permissible value in the amount of the CO of the first common location place detection that also senses temperature, then can determine in burner hearth 18, to exist oxygen to lack by sensor 38.When detecting abnormal combustion, can adjust one or more actuators such as damper 52, will introduce burner hearth than the more oxygen of the amount of oxygen in the environment of the burner 28 that is introduced into damage.Superfluous oxygen can be established stoichiometry in burner hearth 18, it promotes the completing combustion of hydrocarbon fuel to produce CO 2Rather than CO.According to an alternative embodiment, can be such as the injected boiler construction of going into burner hearth 18 residing angles of additive in the adjustment of step 115 place, thus the running status that will record at the common location place in the burner hearth 18 is brought in the preset range of acceptable value.
The adjustment of making at step 115 place can be at 117 places records with exploitation real time data model, and the following deviation that this model is used for running status that the first common location place burner hearth 18 in is recorded imports with process and/or the specific adjusted of boiler construction is associated.This Mathematical Modeling can be adjusted and upgrade in response to each, adjusts the reason and the effect of the running status that the first common location place in the burner hearth 18 is recorded to reflect this type of, is used for subsequently repeatedly, thereby revises following abnormal combustion.
In order to be shown in the basic running status uniformly of crossing over the cross section of exhaust outlet 37 during the burning in a basic balance, for the purpose of this method, the exhaust outlet 37 in Fig. 2 can use two-dimensional mesh ruling 59 (Fig. 4 A) to divide.It is conceptual with grid the cross section of exhaust outlet 37 being divided into the district, monitoring and the combustibility of control burner hearth 18, rather than the physical division of exhaust outlet 37.The grid that exhaust outlet 37 is divided into a plurality of districts illustrates in Fig. 4 A to 4D, the cross section of the exhaust outlet 37 that this Fig. 4 A to 4D is got for the line 4-4 in Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 A has represented the cross section of the flue gas that leaves burner hearth 18 during abnormal combustion, and wherein flue gas has shown the running status heterogeneous of crossing over the cross section of exhaust outlet 37.Flue gas among Fig. 4 A comprises a lot of temperature, CO, burning or other suitable running status gradient, and these gradients are indicated by the dotted line that totally is denoted as 60 in Fig. 4 A.Each dotted line 60 has all been indicated the burning gradient, and the zone that separates of cross section has shown different degree of combustion.For example, in flue gas, can comprise than amount by dotted line 64 area surrounded 62 at the bigger CO in the zone 66 of the direct outside of dotted line 64.For alternative, the zone that has than at the flue gas of zone 66 higher temperatures of the direct outside of dotted line 64 can be represented in zone 62.In general, dotted line 60 has separated the zone that burning has proceeded to different completeness stage.
The running status of the flue gas that leaves by each district differently is subjected to the influence of burning of each burner 28 at the different spatial place in burner hearth 18.Therefore, the adjustment to process input and/or boiler construction that is brought by the method for above describing with reference to figure 3 can be for those burners 28 that help the abnormal combustion in the zones of different of exhaust outlet 37 specific.For example, mainly help to import and/or boiler construction in the process of the burning of the burner 28 of the damage of the CO concentration at the district a, the b that are limited by grid, c and d place by adjusting influence, having the zone 62 with unacceptably high CO concentration that is limited by the dotted line in Fig. 4 A 64 can be corrected.The combustibility of the burner 28 that adjust to damage and the combustibility that do not change unspoiled burner has minimized the quantity of the burning gradient 60 of the cross section of crossing over exhaust outlet 37.
Minimized the burning gradient of locating at the exhaust outlet 37 (Fig. 2) of burner hearth 18 60 as adjustment with reference to figure 3 described process inputs and/or boiler construction.First time of one of them this individual method that causes adjustment process input and boiler construction repeatedly after, be the viewgraph of cross-section that in Fig. 4 B, leaves the flue gas of exhaust outlet 37.Although the zone 62 of indication abnormal combustion is still arranged, exist than still less burning gradient before adjusting in the first time of process input and/or boiler construction by dotted line 60 indications.In addition, the degree of burning gradient also can be less than the degree that appears at the burning gradient among Fig. 4 A.For example, the CO concentration of the flue gas littler than the CO concentration in the zone in Fig. 4 A 62 can be represented in the zone 62 among Fig. 4 B.But as for Fig. 4 A, district a, b, c and the d that zone 62 mainly is arranged in Fig. 4 B wherein helps the burner 28 of the identical damage in zone 62 corresponding to Fig. 4 A, therefore, to the further adjustment of the process input of the burner of those damages and/or boiler construction to promote that burning in a basic balance is suitable.
Fig. 4 C illustrates another viewgraph of cross-section of burning gradient of the flue gas of the exhaust outlet that leave burner hearth 18 37 of another time after repeatedly that appears at method among Fig. 3.The approaching burning in a basic balance of viewgraph of cross-section in Fig. 4 C, and comprise the main abnormal combustion zone 70 that limits by the dotted line 72 of representing the burning gradient.This main abnormal combustion zone 70 with than the zone among Fig. 4 A and the 4B 62 more the district of big figure (describing and totally be denoted as a-h) with thick line occur.In other words, the cross section of crossing over the exhaust outlet 37 among Fig. 4 C exists than burning gradient littler among Fig. 4 A and the 4B and more uniform burning, and it has indicated burning in a basic balance.The further adjustment of process input and/or boiler construction will be specific for the burner 28 that damages, and the burner of these damages is main contributor to the abnormal combustion that the district a-h that crosses among Fig. 4 C occurs.
At last, after another time repeatedly again of the method for describing with reference to figure 3, reached burning in a basic balance, and the burning gradient of totally being indicated by the dotted line among Fig. 4 D 80 is minimized.As shown in the figure, burning is uniform substantially on most of cross section of crossing over exhaust outlet 37.Burning in a basic balance is not the complete obiteration of inevitable requirement burning gradient, and only is on most of cross section of exhaust outlet 37, and the burning gradient is minimized.
With reference to having described the present invention in above-described example embodiment.After reading and understanding this detailed description, other people will expect revising and substituting.As long as they within the scope of the appended claims, be intended to comprise all these type of modifications and substitute in conjunction with the example embodiment of one or more aspects of the present invention.

Claims (20)

1. a kind of method of the operation of control system, described system comprises the boiler (12) that has a plurality of burners (28), described method comprises:
In a plurality of running statuses of the first common location place sensing along described boiler (12), wherein, the abnormal combustion that takes place at the run duration of described boiler (12) in one of them indications of described a plurality of running statuses of the described first common location place sensing;
Described abnormal combustion is traced back to the burner (28) of damage, the burner of described damage (28) causes the described abnormal combustion based on model at least in part, described a plurality of running statuses that described model will record at the described first common location place at least wherein two include consideration in; And
One of them of adjustment process input and boiler (12) structure established the desired value of stating running status in the described first common location place.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, surpass acceptable level in one of them of the described running status at the described first common location place, on described acceptable level, being placed on the sensor (38) that described primary importance place is used for second running status of the described running status of sensing will damage, and wherein, sensing in the running status at the described first common location place is comprised that described single-sensor is located away from described first common location with the described running status of single-sensor (38) non-intrusion type ground sensing.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, described single-sensor (38) is selected from the group of being made up of QCL and tunable diode laser, described laser instrument is intended to roughly to described first common location emission laser (51), with the described a plurality of running statuses of sensing at the described first common location place.
4. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, comprise the amount of temperature and carbon monoxide in the described running status of the described first common location place sensing, wherein the maximum temperature that can stand greater than carbon monoxide transducer (38) in the described temperature of the described first common location place sensing.
5. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, adjust one of them individual flow rate that comprises the process input of adjusting the burner (28) that is drawn towards described damage of described process input and described boiler (12) structure, to establish desired value in the described running status at the described first common location place.
6. method according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described process input comprises the fuel of the burner (28) that is drawn towards described damage and one of them of combustion air.
7. method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that the burner of described damage (28) is denoted as with respect to unspoiled burner (28) and helps the most significantly by in one of them of described a plurality of burners (28) of the abnormal combustion of one of them indication of the described running status at the described first common location place.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described a plurality of running statuses at the described first common location place comprise temperature, oxygen level, carbon monoxide level, NO XLevel, SO XLevel and ammonia level wherein two or more, wherein x is for being chosen as 1,2 or 3 integer independently.
9. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, adjust input of described process and described boiler (12) structure described one of them individually produced exhaust, described exhaust comprises the NO that is maintained under the specified level XDischarging, wherein x is chosen as 1 or 2 integer independently.
10. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described process input comprises the flow rate of being guided into the additive of described boiler (12) by injector (55).
11. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described boiler (12) structure comprises that injector (55) is with the residing angle of process input introducing described boiler (12).
12. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described boiler (12) comprises a plurality of process inputs that are selected from the group of being made up of combustion air, fuel, reagent and additive, described method comprises that also with the input of described process one of them is denoted as significant process input, and the location of described significant process input described boiler (12) in is to be spread all over described boiler (12) the bigger ratio appearance of ratio that described significant process input will have that distributes equably such as the described input of fruit.
13. method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, adjust one of them individual flow rate that changes described significant process input that comprises of described process input and described boiler (12) structure, to establish described desired value in the described running status at the described first common location place.
14. a system comprises:
Steam-powered turbine;
Boiler (12), it comprises and is arranged in a plurality of burners (28) that array comes the coal hydrogen fuel;
A plurality of sensors (38), each sensor all is suitable for a plurality of running statuses at the common location place of sensing in described boiler (12), and when wherein one or more of described running status drop on outside the preset range of suitable value of burning of indicative of desired, send the signal of indication abnormal combustion;
Actuator, it is used for control procedure input and boiler (12) structure one of them, to influence the operation of one of them described burner (28); And
Controller, it is communicated by letter with described a plurality of sensors (38) and receives the described signal of the described abnormal combustion of indication, wherein, in response to receiving described signal, described controller is reviewed the described one or more running statuses outside the described preset range of suitable value, the burner (28) that helps the damage of described abnormal combustion with identification, and control one of them that described actuator is adjusted described process input and described boiler (12) structure, thereby described one or more running statuses are brought in the described preset range of suitable value.
15. system according to claim 14 is characterized in that, one of them of described a plurality of sensors (38) is individual for being used for the Noninvasive sensor (38) with the described a plurality of running statuses of non-intruding mode sensing.
16. system according to claim 15 is characterized in that, described Noninvasive sensor (38) is selected from the group of being made up of QCL and tunable diode laser.
17. system according to claim 14 is characterized in that, the described running status that records at described common location place comprises the amount of temperature and carbon monoxide.
18. a system comprises:
Steam-powered turbine (14);
Boiler (12), it comprises and is arranged in a plurality of burners (28) of array with the coal hydrogen fuel;
A plurality of Noninvasive sensors (38), each sensor all is suitable for remotely a plurality of running statuses at the common location place of sensing in described boiler (12), and when one of them of described running status drops on outside the preset range of suitable value of burning of indicative of desired, send the signal of indication abnormal combustion;
Controller (82), it is communicated by letter with described a plurality of Noninvasive sensors (38) and receives the described signal of the described abnormal combustion of indication, described controller (82) but comprise the computer access memory (86) that is storing model, described model will from the described running status outside the described preset range that drops on suitable value of one or more described sensors (38) with help the burner (28) of at least one damage of described abnormal combustion to connect; And
Actuator, it is controlled by described controller, be used to control the described hydrocarbon fuel of the burner (28) that is drawn towards described damage flow rate, be drawn towards described damage burner (28) air flow rate, guide into by injector (55) described boiler (12) additive flow rate and be used for described additive is introduced one of them of angle of the injector (55) of described boiler (12), thereby described running status is brought in the described preset range of suitable value.
19. system according to claim 18, it is characterized in that, but described computer access memory has stored a plurality of models, described model will by the level of the described temperature of a plurality of different sensor (38) sensings and combustion by-products with help the burner (28) of the described damage of described abnormal combustion to connect.
20. system according to claim 18 is characterized in that, described Noninvasive sensor (38) is selected from the group of being made up of QCL and tunable diode laser.
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