EP3434755B1 - Motorradschmiermittel - Google Patents

Motorradschmiermittel Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3434755B1
EP3434755B1 EP17186743.5A EP17186743A EP3434755B1 EP 3434755 B1 EP3434755 B1 EP 3434755B1 EP 17186743 A EP17186743 A EP 17186743A EP 3434755 B1 EP3434755 B1 EP 3434755B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
oil composition
mass
ashless
molybdenum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17186743.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3434755A1 (de
Inventor
Anne Wai-Yu Young
Pei Yi Lim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Infineum International Ltd
Original Assignee
Infineum International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Infineum International Ltd filed Critical Infineum International Ltd
Publication of EP3434755A1 publication Critical patent/EP3434755A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3434755B1 publication Critical patent/EP3434755B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/044—Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C10M135/12—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M135/14—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond
    • C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/12—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M103/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being an inorganic material
    • C10M103/04—Metals; Alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M119/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the thickener being a macromolecular compound
    • C10M119/02—Hydrocarbon polymers; Hydrocarbon polymers modified by oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • C10M125/24—Compounds containing phosphorus, arsenic or antimony
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
    • C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M129/68—Esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
    • C10M133/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/05—Metals; Alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
    • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/04—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing aromatic monomers, e.g. styrene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/24—Epoxidised acids; Ester derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/287—Partial esters
    • C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/08—Amides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/086—Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
    • C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
    • C10M2219/066—Thiocarbamic type compounds
    • C10M2219/068—Thiocarbamate metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
    • C10N2030/45—Ash-less or low ash content
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/52—Base number [TBN]
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/56—Boundary lubrication or thin film lubrication
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
    • C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
    • C10N2060/14—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by boron or a compound containing boron

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the lubrication of a motorcycle having a four cycle engine and a transmission including a clutch assembly, the engine crankcase and the clutch assembly being lubricating by a lubricating oil provided from a common sump, and lubricating oil compositions suitable for lubricating the engine crankcase and clutch assembly of such motorcycles.
  • a common sump lubricates the engine, transmission and wet clutch.
  • Such universal lubricating fluids as used in motorcycles therefore, must have a balance of both desirable friction properties and lubricity properties.
  • it is desirable to reduce friction in the engine crankcase to improve fuel economy it is important to maintain sufficient friction in the clutch assembly to allow it to function efficiently.
  • molybdenum-containing additives As friction modifiers in crankcase lubricants for passenger car engine oils.
  • use of molybdenum-containing additives in motorcycle lubricants is problematic due to the need to maintain sufficient friction in the clutch assembly.
  • WO 2015/195614 discloses a method of operating a 4-stroke motorcycle engine comprising supplying to the engine and clutch a lubricant comprising (a) an antimony dialkyldithiocarbamate compound and (b) an ash-free friction modifier comprising at least one of long chain fatty acid derivatives of amines, long chain fatty esters, derivatives of long chain fatty epoxides, fatty imidazolines; amine salts of alkylphosphoric acids or fatty esters amides or imides of hydroxyl-carboxylic acids, wherein the lubricating composition comprise less than 50 weight percent of a synthetic ester having a kinematic viscosity of 5.5 to 25 mm 2 /s when measured at 100°C.
  • the lubricant of WO 2015/195614 may also comprise a N-containing molybdenum additive other than a molybdenum dithiocarbamate, which latter may result in undesirable friction properties.
  • a lubricant comprising molybdenum additives, including, but not limited to molybdenum dithiocarbamate complexes, can be successfully used to lubricate the engine crankcase and the clutch assembly from a common sump of a motorcycle having a four cycle engine by including an ash-free friction modifier in the lubricant.
  • molybdenum additives including, but not limited to molybdenum dithiocarbamate complexes
  • the present invention provides a lubricating oil composition for lubricating both the engine crankcase and clutch assembly of a four-cycle motorcycle engine as claimed in the appended claims.
  • the present invention also provides a method of operating a motorcycle having a four-cycle engine and a transmission including a clutch assembly, the engine crankcase and the clutch assembly being lubricated by a lubricating oil composition provided from a common sump, the method being as claimed in the appended claims.
  • the present invention also provides a use of a combination of a minor amount of (A) an oil soluble molybdenum compound which is a molybdenum dithiocarbamate, as defined in the first aspect, and a minor amount of (B) an ashless organic friction modifier, as defined in the first aspect, in a lubricating oil composition to maintain sufficient friction in the clutch assembly of a four-cycle motorcycle engine and so that the lubricating oil composition achieves at least a MA1 result in the JASO T 903:2016 clutch friction test, wherein the lubricating oil composition comprises a major amount of oil of lubricating viscosity, the molybdenum dithiocarbamate (A) is present in an amount providing the lubricating oil composition with at least 50 and no more than 500 ppm by mass of molybdenum as measured by ASTM D5185, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition; and, the ashless organic friction modifier (B) is present in
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity (sometimes referred to as “base stock” or “base oil”) is the primary liquid constituent of a lubricant, into which additives and possibly other oils are blended, for example to produce a final lubricant (or lubricant composition).
  • a base oil is useful for making concentrates as well as for making lubricating oil compositions therefrom, and may be selected from natural (vegetable, animal or mineral) and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof.
  • the base stock groups are defined in the American Petroleum Institute (API) publication " Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System", Industry Services Department, Fourteenth Edition, December 1996 , Addendum 1, December 1998.
  • the base stock will have a viscosity preferably of 3-12, more preferably 4-10, most preferably 4.5-8, mm 2 /s (cSt) at 100°C.
  • base stocks and base oils in this invention are the same as those found in the American Petroleum Institute (API) publication " Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System", Industry Services Department, Fourteenth Edition, December 1996 , Addendum 1, December 1998. Said publication categorizes base stocks as follows:
  • oils of lubricating viscosity which may be included in the lubricating oil composition are detailed as follows.
  • Natural oils include animal and vegetable oils (e.g. castor and lard oil), liquid petroleum oils and hydrorefined, solvent-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic and mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils of lubricating viscosity derived from coal or shale are also useful base oils.
  • Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g. polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes, poly(1-hexenes), poly(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes)); alkylbenzenes (e.g. dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes); polyphenols (e.g. biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenols); and alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the derivatives, analogues and homologues thereof.
  • hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g. polybut
  • Another suitable class of synthetic lubricating oils comprises the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g. phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids and alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebasic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkylmalonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids) with a variety of alcohols (e.g. butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol).
  • dicarboxylic acids e.g. phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids and alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebasic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dim
  • esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, and the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
  • Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from C 5 to C 12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols, and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol.
  • Unrefined, refined and re-refined oils can be used in the compositions of the present invention.
  • Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without further purification treatment.
  • a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations a petroleum oil obtained directly from distillation or ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment would be unrefined oil.
  • Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many such purification techniques, such as distillation, solvent extraction, acid or base extraction, filtration and percolation are known to those skilled in the art.
  • Re-refined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which have been already used in service. Such re-refined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally processed by techniques for approval of spent additive and oil breakdown products.
  • base oil examples include gas-to-liquid (“GTL”) base oils, i.e. the base oil may be an oil derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesised hydrocarbons made from synthesis gas containing H 2 and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. These hydrocarbons typically require further processing in order to be useful as a base oil. For example, they may, by methods known in the art, be hydroisomerized; hydrocracked and hydroisomerized; dewaxed; or hydroisomerized and dewaxed.
  • GTL gas-to-liquid
  • the oil of a lubricating viscosity of the lubricating oil composition according to all aspects of the present invention typically comprises Group II or Group III base oil in the majority.
  • the oil of a lubricating viscosity of the lubricating oil composition according to all aspects of the present invention may comprise at least 50 mass% Group III and/or Group II base oil, such as at least 70 mass% or even at least 80 mass% Group III and/or Group II base oil, based on the mass of the oil of lubricating viscosity in the lubricating oil composition.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity may comprise 100 mass% of Group III and /or Group II base oil, based on the mass of the oil of lubricating viscosity in the lubricating oil composition.
  • the volatility of the oil of lubricating viscosity or oil blend is less than or equal to 20 %, preferably less than or equal to 16 %, preferably less than or equal to 12 %, more preferably less than or equal to 10 %.
  • the viscosity index (VI) of the oil of lubricating viscosity is at least 95, preferably at least 110, more preferably up to 120, even more preferably at least 120, even more preferably at least 125, most preferably from about 130 to 140.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity is present in an amount of greater than 55 mass %, more preferably greater than 60 mass %, even more preferably greater than 70 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the oil of lubricating viscosity is present in an amount of less than 98 mass %, more preferably less than 95 mass %, even more preferably less than 90 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition of each aspect of the present invention may be a multigrade oil identified by the viscometric descriptor SAE 20WX, SAE 15WX, SAE 10WX, SAE 5WX or SAE 0WX, where X represents any one of 20, 30, 40 and 50; the characteristics of the different viscometric grades can be found in the SAE J300 classification.
  • the lubricating oil composition is in the form of an SAE 10WX, SAE 5WX or SAE 0WX, preferably in the form of a SAE 10WX or SAE 5WX viscosity grade, wherein X represents any one of 20, 30, 40 and 50.
  • X is 30 or 40.
  • an oil soluble molybdenum compound which is a molybdenum dithiocarbamate is employed.
  • the oil-soluble or oil-dispersible molybdenum compound consists of a molybdenum dithiocarbamate, as the sole source of molybdenum atoms in the lubricating oil composition.
  • the molybdenum compound may be mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-nuclear. Di-nuclear and tri-nuclear molybdenum compounds are preferred.
  • Suitable dinuclear or dimeric molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate are represented by the following formula: wherein R 1 through R 4 independently denote a straight chain, branched chain or aromatic hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms; and X 1 through X 4 independently denote an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
  • the four hydrocarbyl groups, R 1 through R 4 may be identical or different from one another.
  • molybdenum compounds useful in the compositions of this invention are organo-molybdenum compounds of the formulae Mo(ROCS 2 ) 4 and Mo(RSCS 2 ) 4 , wherein R is an organo group selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl and alkoxyalkyl, generally of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms and most preferably alkyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • R is an organo group selected from the group consisting of alkyl, aryl, aralkyl and alkoxyalkyl, generally of from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, and preferably 2 to 12 carbon atoms and most preferably alkyl of 2 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • dialkyldithiocarbamates of molybdenum are especially preferred.
  • Suitable tri-nuclear organo-molybdenum compounds include those of the formula Mo 3 S k L n Q z and mixtures thereof wherein L are independently selected ligands having organo groups with a sufficient number of carbon atoms to render the compound soluble or dispersible in the oil, n is from 1 to 4, k varies from 4 through 7, Q is selected from the group of neutral electron donating compounds such as water, amines, alcohols, phosphines, and ethers, and z ranges from 0 to 5 and includes non-stoichiometric values. At least 21 total carbon atoms should be present among all the ligands' organo groups, such as at least 25, at least 30, or at least 35 carbon atoms.
  • the ligands are independently selected from the group of: and mixtures thereof, wherein X, X 1 , X 2 , and Y are independently selected from the group of oxygen and sulfur, and wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R are independently selected from hydrogen and organo groups that may be the same or different.
  • the organo groups are hydrocarbyl groups such as alkyl (e.g., in which the carbon atom attached to the remainder of the ligand is primary or secondary), aryl, substituted aryl and ether groups. More preferably, each ligand has the same hydrocarbyl group.
  • the organo groups of the ligands have a sufficient number of carbon atoms to render the compound soluble or dispersible in the oil.
  • the number of carbon atoms in each group will generally range between about 1 to about 100, preferably from about 1 to about 30, and more preferably between about 4 to about 20.
  • Preferred ligands include dialkyldithiophosphate, alkylxanthate, and dialkyldithiocarbamate, and of these dialkyldithiocarbamate is more preferred.
  • Organic ligands containing two or more of the above functionalities are also capable of serving as ligands and binding to one or more of the cores. Those skilled in the art will realize that formation of the compounds of the present invention requires selection of ligands having the appropriate charge to balance the core's charge.
  • Oil-soluble or oil-dispersible tri-nuclear molybdenum compounds can be prepared by reacting in the appropriate liquid(s)/solvent(s) a molybdenum source such as (NH 4 ) 2 Mo 3 S 13 .n(H 2 O), where n varies between 0 and 2 and includes non-stoichiometric values, with a suitable ligand source such as a tetralkylthiuram disulfide.
  • a molybdenum source such as (NH 4 ) 2 Mo 3 S 13 .n(H 2 O)
  • a molybdenum source such as of (NH 4 ) 2 Mo 3 S 13 .n(H 2 O)
  • a ligand source such as tetralkylthiuram disulfide, dialkyldithiocarbamate, or dialkyldithiophosphate
  • a sulfur abstracting agent such as cyanide ions, sulfite ions, or substituted phosphines.
  • a tri-nuclear molybdenum-sulfur halide salt such as [M'] 2 [Mo 3 S 7 A 6 ], where M' is a counter ion, and A is a halogen such as Cl, Br, or I, may be reacted with a ligand source such as a dialkyldithiocarbamate or dialkyldithiophosphate in the appropriate liquid(s)/solvent(s) to form an oil-soluble or dispersible trinuclear molybdenum compound.
  • the appropriate liquid/solvent may be, for example, aqueous or organic.
  • a compound's oil solubility or dispersibility may be influenced by the number of carbon atoms in the ligand's organo groups. Preferably, at least 21 total carbon atoms should be present among all the ligands' organo groups. Preferably, the ligand source chosen has a sufficient number of carbon atoms in its organo groups to render the compound soluble or dispersible in the lubricating composition.
  • the amount of oil-soluble molybdenum compound will depend upon the particular performance requirements of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition of all aspects of the present invention contains the molybdenum compound in an amount providing the composition with at least 50ppm of molybdenum (ASTM D5185).
  • the lubricating oil composition of all aspects of the present invention contains the molybdenum compound in an amount providing the composition with up to 500ppm or up to 200ppm, or up to 150 ppm of molybdenum (ASTM D5185).
  • Ashless friction modifiers suitable for use in the lubricating oil composition of all aspects of the present invention include nitrogen-free organic friction modifiers and include esters formed by reacting carboxylic acids and anhydrides with alkanols.
  • Other suitable friction modifiers include a polar terminal group (e.g. carboxyl or hydroxyl) covalently bonded to an oleophilic hydrocarbon chain.
  • Esters of carboxylic acids and anhydrides with alkanols are described in US 4,702,850 . Examples of other conventional organic friction modifiers are described by M. Belzer in the "Journal of Tribology" (1992), Vol. 114, pp. 675-682 and M. Belzer and S. Jahanmir in "Lubrication Science” (1988), Vol. 1, pp. 3-26 .
  • Preferred organic ashless nitrogen-free friction modifiers are esters or ester-based; a particularly preferred organic ashless nitrogen-free friction modifier is glycerol monooleate (GMO).
  • GMO glycerol monooleate
  • ashless organic friction modifiers include alkenyl substituted anhydrides, such as octadecenyl succinic anhydride.
  • Ashless aminic or amine-based friction modifiers may also be used and include oil-soluble alkoxylated mono- and di-amines, which improve boundary layer lubrication.
  • One common class of such metal free, nitrogen-containing friction modifier comprises ethoxylated alkyl amines. They may be in the form of an adduct or reaction product with a boron compound such as a boric oxide, boron halide, metaborate, boric acid or a mono-, di- or tri-alkyl borate.
  • Another metal free, nitrogen-containing friction modifier is an ester formed as the reaction product of (i) a tertiary amine of the formula R 1 R 2 R 3 N wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 represent aliphatic hydrocarbyl, preferably alkyl, groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, at least one of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 having a hydroxyl group, with (ii) a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is an alkyl group.
  • the tertiary amine will have at least one hydroxyalkyl group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the ester may be a mono-, di- or tri-ester or a mixture thereof, depending on how many hydroxyl groups are available for esterification with the acyl group of the fatty acid.
  • the ashless organic friction modifier of all aspects of the present invention may comprise a mixture of esters formed as the reaction product of (i) a tertiary hydroxy amine of the formula R 1 R 2 R 3 N wherein R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be a C 2 -C 4 hydroxy alkyl group with (ii) a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid having 10 to 30 carbon atoms, with a mixture of esters so formed comprising at least 30-60 mass%, preferably 45-55 mass% diester, such as 50 mass% diester, 10-40 mass%, preferably 20-30 mass% monoester, e.g.
  • the ester is a mono-, di- or tri-carboxylic acid ester of triethanolamine and mixtures thereof.
  • the total amount of ashless organic friction modifier (B) in the lubricating oil composition of all aspects of the present invention does not exceed 2 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition and preferably does not exceed 0.5 mass %.
  • the lubricating oil of all aspects of the present invention may also comprise a dispersant additive.
  • a dispersant is an additive whose primary function is to hold solid and liquid contaminations in suspension, thereby passivating them and reducing engine deposits at the same time as reducing sludge depositions.
  • a dispersant maintains in suspension oil-insoluble substances that result from oxidation during use of the lubricant, thus preventing sludge flocculation and precipitation or deposition on metal parts of the engine.
  • Dispersants are usually "ashless", as mentioned above, being non-metallic organic materials that form substantially no ash on combustion, in contrast to metal-containing, and hence ash-forming materials. They comprise a long hydrocarbon chain with a polar head, the polarity being derived from inclusion of e.g. an O, P, or N atom.
  • the hydrocarbon is an oleophilic group that confers oil-solubility, having, for example 40 to 500 carbon atoms.
  • ashless dispersants may comprise an oil-soluble polymeric backbone.
  • the ashless dispersant suitable for all aspects of the present invention is preferably an ashless, nitrogen-containing dispersant.
  • Suitable ashless dispersant may be made from polyalkenes that have been functionalised exclusively by the thermal "ene” reaction, a known reaction.
  • polyalkenes are mixtures having predominantly terminal vinylidene groups, such at least 65, e.g. 70, more preferably at least 85, %.
  • HR-PIB highly reactive polyisobutene
  • US-A-4 152 499 describes the preparations of such polymers.
  • the ashless dispersant may be made from polyalkenes that have been functionalised by the so-called chlorination method, which results in a product where minor percentage of its polymer chains (e.g. less than 20%) have terminal vinylidene groups.
  • Mixtures of monounsaturated carboxylic materials (i) - (iv) also may be used.
  • the monounsaturation of the monounsaturated carboxylic reactant becomes saturated.
  • maleic anhydride becomes polyalkene-substituted succinic anhydride
  • acrylic acid becomes polyalkene-substituted propionic acid.
  • Such monounsaturated carboxylic reactants are fumaric acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid, and lower alkyl (e.g., C 1 to C 4 alkyl) acid esters of the foregoing, e.g., methyl maleate, ethyl fumarate, and methyl fumarate.
  • monounsaturated carboxylic reactants typically will be used in an amount ranging from equimolar to 100, preferably 5 to 50, wt. % excess, based on the moles of polyalkene. Unreacted excess monounsaturated carboxylic reactant can be removed from the final dispersant product by, for example, stripping, usually under vacuum, if required.
  • the functionalised oil-soluble polyalkene is then derivatized with a nucleophilic reactant, such as an amine, amino-alcohol, alcohol, or mixture thereof, to form a corresponding derivative containing the dispersant.
  • a nucleophilic reactant such as an amine, amino-alcohol, alcohol, or mixture thereof.
  • Useful amine compounds for derivatizing functionalized polymers comprise at least one amine and can comprise one or more additional amine or other reactive or polar groups. These amines may be hydrocarbyl amines or may be predominantly hydrocarbyl amines in which the hydrocarbyl group includes other groups, e.g., hydroxy groups, alkoxy groups, amide groups, nitriles and imidazoline groups.
  • Particularly useful amine compounds include mono- and polyamines, e.g., polyalkene and polyoxyalkylene polyamines of 2 to 60, such as 2 to 40 (e.g., 3 to 20), total carbon atoms having 1 to 12, such as 3 to 12, preferably 3 to 9, most preferably 6 to 7, nitrogen atoms per molecule. Mixtures of amine compounds may advantageously be used.
  • Preferred amines are aliphatic saturated amines, including, for example, 1,2-diaminoethane; 1,3-diaminopropane; 1,4-diaminobutane; 1,6-diaminohexane; polyethylene amines such as diethylene triamine; triethylene tetramine; tetraethylene pentamine; and polypropyleneamines such as 1,2-propylene diamine; and di-(1,2-propylene)triamine.
  • Such polyamine mixtures known as PAM
  • Particularly preferred polyamine mixtures are mixtures derived by distilling the light ends from PAM products. The resulting mixtures, known as "heavy" PAM, or HPAM, are also commercially available.
  • amine compounds include: alicyclic diamines such as 1,4-di(aminomethyl) cyclohexane and heterocyclic nitrogen compounds such as imidazolines.
  • Another useful class of amines is the polyamido and related amido-amines as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,857,217 ; 4,956,107 ; 4,963,275 ; and 5,229,022 .
  • TAM tris(hydroxymethyl)amino methane
  • Dendrimers, star-like amines, and comb-structured amines may also be used.
  • condensed amines as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,053,152 may be used.
  • the functionalized polymer is reacted with the amine compound using conventional techniques as described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,234,435 and 5,229,022 , as well as in EP-A-208,560 .
  • a dispersant of the present invention preferably comprises at least one dispersant that is derived from polyalkenyl-substituted mono- or dicarboxylic acid, anhydride or ester, which has from greater than 1.3 to 1.7, preferably from greater than 1.3 to 1.6, most preferably from greater than 1.3 to 1.5, functional groups (mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties) per polyalkenyl moiety (a medium functionality dispersant).
  • SAP is the saponification number (i.e., the number of milligrams of KOH consumed in the complete neutralization of the acid groups in one gram of the succinic-containing reaction product, as determined according to ASTM D94); M n is the number average molecular weight of the starting olefin polymer; A.I. is the percent active ingredient of the succinic-containing reaction product (the remainder being unreacted olefin polymer, succinic anhydride and diluent); and MW is the molecular weight of the mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties (e.g., 98 for maleic anhydride).
  • each mono- or dicarboxylic acid-producing moiety will react with a nucleophilic group (amine, alcohol, amide or ester polar moieties) and the number of functional groups in the polyalkenyl-substituted carboxylic acylating agent will determine the number of nucleophilic groups in the finished dispersant.
  • a nucleophilic group amine, alcohol, amide or ester polar moieties
  • the polyalkenyl moiety of the dispersant of the present invention may have a number average molecular weight of at least 900, suitably at least 1500, preferably between 1800 and 3000, such as between 2000 and 2800, more preferably from about 2100 to 2500, and most preferably from about 2200 to about 2400.
  • the molecular weight of a dispersant is generally expressed in terms of the molecular weight of the polyalkenyl moiety; this is because the precise molecular weight range of the dispersant depends on numerous parameters including the type of polymer used to derive the dispersant, the number of functional groups, and the type of nucleophilic group employed.
  • Polymer molecular weight can be determined by various known techniques.
  • One convenient method is gel permeation chromatography (GPC), which additionally provides molecular weight distribution information (see W. W. Yau, J. J. Kirkland and D. D. Bly, "Modern Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatography", John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1979 ).
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • Another useful method for determining molecular weight, particularly for lower molecular weight polymers is vapor pressure osmometry (see, e.g., ASTM D3592).
  • the polyalkenyl moiety in a dispersant of the present invention preferably has a narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD), also referred to as polydispersity, as determined by the ratio of weight average molecular weight (M w ) to number average molecular weight (M n ).
  • MWD molecular weight distribution
  • M w weight average molecular weight
  • M n number average molecular weight
  • Suitable polymers have a polydispersity of from about 1.5 to 2.1, preferably from about 1.6 to about 1.8.
  • Suitable polyalkenes employed in the formation of the dispersants of the present invention include homopolymers, interpolymers or lower molecular weight hydrocarbons.
  • such polymers comprise interpolymers of ethylene and at least one alpha-olefin of the above formula, wherein R 1 is alkyl of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably is alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably still of from 1 to 2 carbon atoms
  • polymers prepared by cationic polymerization of monomers such as isobutene and styrene Common polymers from this class include polyisobutenes obtained by polymerization of a C 4 refinery stream having a butene content of 35 to 75% by wt., and an isobutene content of 30 to 60% by wt., by the thermal "ene" reaction.
  • a preferred source of monomer for making poly-n-butenes is petroleum feedstreams such as Raffinate II. These feedstocks are disclosed in the art such as in U.S. Patent No. 4,952,739 .
  • a preferred embodiment utilizes polyisobutylene prepared from a pure isobutylene stream or a Raffinate I stream to prepare reactive isobutylene polymers with terminal vinylidene olefins as described above.
  • the dispersant(s) of the invention are preferably mono- or bis-succinimides.
  • the dispersant(s) of the present invention can be borated by conventional means, as generally taught in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,087,936 , 3,254,025 and 5,430,105 . Boration of the dispersant is readily accomplished by treating an acyl nitrogen-containing dispersant with a boron compound such as boron oxide, boron halide boron acids, and esters of boron acids, in an amount sufficient to provide from 0.1 to 20 atomic proportions of boron for each mole of acylated nitrogen composition.
  • a boron compound such as boron oxide, boron halide boron acids, and esters of boron acids
  • the boron which appears in the product as dehydrated boric acid polymers (primarily (HBO 2 ) 3 ), is believed to attach, for example, to dispersant imides and diimides as amine salts, e.g., the metaborate salt of the diimide.
  • Boration can be carried out by adding a sufficient quantity of a boron compound, preferably boric acid, usually as a slurry, to the acyl nitrogen compound and heating with stirring at from 135C to 190, e.g., 140 to 170, °C, for from 1 to 5 hours, followed by nitrogen stripping.
  • the boron treatment can be conducted by adding boric acid to a hot reaction mixture of the dicarboxylic acid material and amine, while removing water. Other post-reaction processes known in the art can also be applied.
  • the lubricating oil composition may contain from 1 to 20, such as 3 to 15, preferably 3 to 12, mass % dispersant.
  • the ashless dispersant (D) of all aspects of the present invention may comprise a mixture of ashless dispersant compounds.
  • the lubricating oil composition comprises an ashless dispersant made by the thermal "ene" process. If the lubricating oil composition comprises a mixture of ashless dispersant additives, an ashless dispersant made by the thermal "ene” process preferably provides the majority of the ashless dispersant.
  • the ashless dispersant (D) may comprise at least 50 mass%, or at least 70% or at least 75% ashless dispersant made by the thermal process. In an embodiment of all aspects of the present invention the ashless dispersant (D) comprises only dispersant made by the thermal process.
  • a lubricating oil composition according to the present invention contains at least 0.02, such as at least 0.03 or 0.04 mass % nitrogen, based on the total mass of the composition and as measured according to ASTM method D5291.
  • the lubricating oil composition will contain no more than 0.20, such as no more than 0.15 or no more than 0.12 mass % nitrogen based upon the total mass of the composition and as measured according to ASTM D5291.
  • the lubricating oil composition of all aspects of the present invention further comprises at least one metal-containing detergent additive.
  • Metal-containing detergents function both as detergents to reduce or remove deposits and as acid neutralizers or rust inhibitors, thereby reducing wear and corrosion and extending engine life.
  • Detergents generally comprise a polar head with a long hydrophobic tail, with the polar head comprising a metal salt of an acidic organic compound.
  • the salts may contain a substantially stoichiometric amount of the metal in which case they are usually described as normal or neutral salts, and would typically have a total base number or TBN (as can be measured by ASTM D2896) of from 0 to 80 mg KOH/g.
  • a large amount of a metal base may be incorporated by reacting excess metal compound (e.g., an oxide or hydroxide) with an acidic gas (e.g., carbon dioxide).
  • the resulting overbased detergent comprises neutralized detergent as the outer layer of a metal base (e.g. carbonate) micelle.
  • Such overbased detergents may have a TBN of 150 mg KOH/g or greater, and typically will have a TBN of from 250 to 450 mg KOH/g or more.
  • the amount of overbased detergent can be reduced, or detergents having reduced levels of overbasing (e.g., detergents having a TBN of 100 to 200 mg KOH/g), or neutral detergents can be employed, resulting in a corresponding reduction in the SASH content of the lubricating oil composition without a reduction in the performance thereof.
  • detergents having reduced levels of overbasing e.g., detergents having a TBN of 100 to 200 mg KOH/g
  • neutral detergents can be employed, resulting in a corresponding reduction in the SASH content of the lubricating oil composition without a reduction in the performance thereof.
  • Detergents that may be used include oil-soluble neutral and overbased sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates, and naphthenates and other oil-soluble carboxylates of a metal, particularly the alkali or alkaline earth metals, e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and magnesium.
  • a metal particularly the alkali or alkaline earth metals, e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and magnesium.
  • the most commonly used metals are calcium and magnesium, which may both be present in detergents used in a lubricating oil composition according to any aspect of the present invention. Combinations of detergents, whether overbased or neutral or both, may be used.
  • Sulfonates may be prepared from sulfonic acids which are typically obtained by the sulfonation of alkyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons such as those obtained from the fractionation of petroleum or by the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Examples included those obtained by alkylating benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, diphenyl or their halogen derivatives such as chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene and chloronaphthalene.
  • the alkylation may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst with alkylating agents having from about 3 to more than 70 carbon atoms.
  • the alkaryl sulfonates usually contain from about 9 to about 80 or more carbon atoms, preferably from about 16 to about 60 carbon atoms per alkyl substituted aromatic moiety.
  • the oil soluble sulfonates or alkaryl sulfonic acids may be neutralized with oxides, hydroxides, alkoxides, carbonates, carboxylate, sulfides, hydrosulfides, nitrates, borates and ethers of the metal.
  • the amount of metal compound is chosen having regard to the desired TBN of the final product but typically ranges from about 100 to 220 mass % (preferably at least 125 mass %) of that stoichiometrically required.
  • Metal salts of phenols and sulfurized phenols are prepared by reaction with an appropriate metal compound such as an oxide or hydroxide and neutral or overbased products may be obtained by methods well known in the art.
  • Sulfurized phenols may be prepared by reacting a phenol with sulfur or a sulfur containing compound such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur monohalide or sulfur dihalide, to form products which are generally mixtures of compounds in which 2 or more phenols are bridged by sulfur containing bridges.
  • Carboxylate detergents e.g., salicylates
  • an aromatic carboxylic acid can contain an appropriate metal compound such as an oxide or hydroxide and neutral or overbased products may be obtained by methods well known in the art.
  • the aromatic moiety of the aromatic carboxylic acid can contain heteroatoms, such as nitrogen and oxygen. Preferably, the moiety contains only carbon atoms; more preferably the moiety contains six or more carbon atoms; for example benzene is a preferred moiety.
  • the aromatic carboxylic acid may contain one or more aromatic moieties, such as one or more benzene rings, either fused or connected via alkylene bridges.
  • Preferred substituents in oil-soluble salicylic acids are alkyl substituents.
  • the alkyl groups advantageously contain 5 to 100, preferably 9 to 30, especially 14 to 20, carbon atoms. Where there is more than one alkyl group, the average number of carbon atoms in all of the alkyl groups is preferably at least 9 to ensure adequate oil solubility.
  • the metal-containing detergent (E) may comprise one of more metal detergents that are neutral or overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal salicylates.
  • Highly preferred salicylate detergents include alkaline earth metal salicylates, particularly magnesium and calcium, especially, calcium salicylates.
  • the metal salicylate may be the sole metal-containing detergent present in the lubricating oil composition of all aspects of the present invention.
  • other metal-containing detergents such as metal sulfonates or phenates, may be present in the lubricating composition.
  • the salicylate detergent provides the majority of the detergent additive in the lubricating oil composition.
  • the total amount of metal-containing detergent additive present in the lubricating oil composition according to any aspect of the present invention is suitably in the range of 0.1-10 mass%, preferably from 0.5 to 5 mass% on an active matter basis.
  • Lubricating oil compositions according to each aspect of the invention may additionally comprise one or more co-additives, which are different from additive components (B), (C), (D) and (E). Suitable co-additives and their common treat rates are discussed below. All the values listed are stated as mass percent active ingredient in a fully formulated lubricant.
  • Additive Mass % Mass % (Broad) (Preferred) Corrosion Inhibitor 0 - 5 0 - 1.5 Metal Dihydrocarbyl Dithiophosphate 0 - 10 0 - 4 Anti-Oxidants 0 - 5 0.01 - 3 Pour Point Depressant 0.01 - 5 0.01 - 1.5 Anti-Foaming Agent 0 - 5 0.001 - 0.15 Viscosity Modifier (1) 0 - 10 0.01 - 4 Mineral or Synthetic Base Oil Balance Balance (1) Viscosity modifiers are used only in multi-graded oils.
  • the final lubricating oil composition typically made by blending the or each additive into the base oil, may contain from 5 to 25, preferably 5 to 18, typically 7 to 15, mass % of the additives; the remainder being oil of lubricating viscosity.
  • additives can provide a multiplicity of effects, for example, a single additive may act as a dispersant and as an oxidation inhibitor.
  • Anti-wear agents reduce friction and excessive wear and are usually based on compounds containing sulfur or phosphorous or both, for example that are capable of depositing polysulfide films on the surfaces involved.
  • dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salts wherein the metal may be an alkali or alkaline earth metal, or aluminium, lead, tin, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, copper, or preferably, zinc.
  • Dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salts may be prepared in accordance with known techniques by first forming a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid (DDPA), usually by reaction of one or more alcohols or a phenol with P 2 S 5 and then neutralizing the formed DDPA with a metal compound.
  • DDPA dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid
  • a dithiophosphoric acid may be made by reacting mixtures of primary and secondary alcohols.
  • multiple dithiophosphoric acids can be prepared where the hydrocarbyl groups on one are entirely secondary in character and the hydrocarbyl groups on the others are entirely primary in character.
  • any basic or neutral metal compound could be used but the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates are most generally employed. Commercial additives frequently contain an excess of metal due to the use of an excess of the basic metal compound in the neutralization reaction.
  • ZDDP zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates
  • R and R' may be the same or different hydrocarbyl radicals containing from 1 to 18, preferably 2 to 12, carbon atoms and including radicals such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkaryl and cycloaliphatic radicals.
  • Particularly preferred as R and R' groups are alkyl groups of 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
  • the radicals may, for example, be ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, amyl, n-hexyl, i-hexyl, n-octyl, decyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, 2-ethylhexyl, phenyl, butylphenyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclopentyl, propenyl, butenyl.
  • the total number of carbon atoms (i.e. R and R') in the dithiophosphoric acid will generally be about 5 or greater.
  • the zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate can therefore comprise zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates.
  • the ZDDP is added to the lubricating oil compositions in amounts sufficient to provide at least 800 ppm such as at least 900ppm or at least 1000ppm by mass of phosphorous to the lubricating oil, based upon the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, and as measured in accordance with ASTM D5185.
  • the ZDDP is suitably added to the lubricating oil compositions in amounts sufficient to provide no more than 1200 ppm by mass of phosphorous to the lubricating oil, based upon the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, and as measured in accordance with ASTM D5185.
  • Viscosity modifiers function to impart high and low temperature operability to a lubricating oil.
  • the VM used may have that sole function, or may be multifunctional.
  • Multifunctional viscosity modifiers that also function as dispersants are also known.
  • Suitable viscosity modifiers are polyisobutylene, copolymers of ethylene and propylene and higher alpha-olefins, polymethacrylates, polyalkylmethacrylates, methacrylate copolymers, copolymers of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and a vinyl compound, inter polymers of styrene and acrylic esters, and partially hydrogenated copolymers of styrene/ isoprene, styrene/butadiene, and isoprene/butadiene, as well as the partially hydrogenated homopolymers of butadiene and isoprene and isoprene/divinylbenzene.
  • Preferred viscosity modifiers for all aspects of the present invention are copolymers of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and a vinyl compound, inter polymers of styrene and acrylic esters, and, most preferably, partially hydrogenated copolymers of styrene/ isoprene, styrene/butadiene, and isoprene/butadiene, as well as the partially hydrogenated homopolymers of butadiene and isoprene and isoprene/divinylbenzene.
  • the preferred partially hydrogenated copolymers of styrene/ isoprene, styrene/butadiene, and isoprene/butadiene may be random copolymers but are preferably block copolymers.
  • the preferred, partially hydrogenated copolymers of styrene/isoprene, styrene/butadiene, and isoprene/butadiene, and partially hydrogenated homopolymers of butadiene and isoprene and isoprene/divinylbenzene viscosity modifiers may be linear polymers or star (radial) polymers.
  • Linear block copolymers useful in the practice of the present invention may be represented by the following general formula: A z -(B-A) y -B x wherein:
  • Useful tapered linear block copolymers may be represented by the following general formula: A-A/B-B wherein:
  • Star or radial homopolymers or random copolymers of diene(s) may be represented, generally, by the following general formula: (B) n -C wherein:
  • Star or radial block copolymers may be represented, generally, by the following general formula: (B x -(A-B) y -A z ) n -C; and (B' x -(A-B) y -A z ) n' -C(B') n" wherein:
  • the term "predominantly” means that the specified monomer or monomer type which is the principle component in that polymer block is present in an amount of at least 85% by weight of the block.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to all aspects of the present invention comprises one or more star polymer viscosity modifier.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to all aspects of the present invention may comprise a mixture of linear and star polymer viscosity modifiers.
  • the lubricating oil composition according to all aspects of the present invention comprises only star polymer viscosity modifier(s).
  • Oil-soluble viscosity modifying polymers generally have weight average molecular weights of from 10,000 to 1,000,000, preferably 20,000 to 500,000, which may be determined by gel permeation chromatography or by light scattering.
  • Anti-oxidants sometimes referred to as oxidation inhibitors, increase the resistance of the composition to oxidation and may work by combining with and modifying peroxides to render them harmless, by decomposing peroxides, or by rendering oxidation catalysts inert. Oxidative deterioration can be evidenced by sludge in the lubricant, varnish-like deposits on the metal surfaces, and by viscosity growth.
  • suitable antioxidants are selected from copper-containing antioxidants, sulfur-containing antioxidants, aromatic amine-containing antioxidants, hindered phenolic antioxidants and dithiophosphates derivative.
  • Preferred anti-oxidants ashless antioxidants.
  • Preferred ashless antioxidants are ashless aromatic amine-containing antioxidants, ashless hindered phenolic antioxidants and mixtures thereof.
  • one or more antioxidant is present in a lubricating oil composition of all aspects of the present invention.
  • Rust inhibitors selected from the group consisting of nonionic polyoxyalkylene polyols and esters thereof, polyoxyalkylene phenols, and anionic alkyl sulfonic acids may be used.
  • Copper and lead bearing corrosion inhibitors may be used in some embodiments of the invention, and when these compounds are included in the lubricating composition, they are preferably present in an amount not exceeding 0.2 wt. % active ingredient. However, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, no copper-containing additives are present in the lubricating oil composition.
  • suitable such compounds are the thiadiazole polysulfides containing from 5 to 50 carbon atoms, their derivatives and polymers thereof. Derivatives of 1, 3, 4 thiadiazoles such as those described in U.S. Patent Nos. 2,719,125 ; 2,719,126 ; and 3,087,932 ; are typical. Other similar materials are described in U.S. Patent Nos.
  • a small amount of a demulsifying component may be used.
  • a preferred demulsifying component is described in EP 330522 . It is obtained by reacting an alkylene oxide with an adduct obtained by reacting a bis-epoxide with a polyhydric alcohol.
  • the demulsifier should be used at a level not exceeding 0.1 mass % active ingredient. A treat rate of 0.001 to 0.05 mass % active ingredient is convenient.
  • Pour point depressants otherwise known as lube oil flow improvers, lower the minimum temperature at which the fluid will flow or can be poured.
  • Such additives are well known. Typical of those additives which improve the low temperature fluidity of the fluid are C 8 to C 18 dialkyl fumarate/vinyl acetate copolymers, polyalkylmethacrylates and the like.
  • Foam control can be provided by many compounds including an antifoamant of the polysiloxane type, for example, silicone oil or polydimethyl siloxane.
  • each of the components can be added directly to the base stock or base oil blend by dispersing or dissolving it in the base stock or base oil blend at the desired level of concentration. Such blending may occur at ambient or elevated temperatures.
  • all the additives except for the viscosity modifier and the pour point depressant are blended into a concentrate or additive package described herein as the additive package that is subsequently blended into base stock to make the finished lubricant.
  • the concentrate will typically be formulated to contain the additive(s) in proper amounts to provide the desired concentration in the final formulation when the concentrate is combined with a predetermined amount of a base lubricant.
  • the concentrate is preferably made in accordance with the method described in US 4,938,880 . That patent describes making a pre-mix of ashless dispersant and metal detergents that is pre-blended at a temperature of at least about 100°C. Thereafter, the pre-mix is cooled to at least 85°C and the additional components are added.
  • the final crankcase lubricating oil formulation may employ from 2 to 20, preferably 4 to 18, and most preferably 5 to 17, mass % of the concentrate or additive package with the remainder being base stock.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may have a sulphated ash content of less than or equal to 1.2, preferably less than or equal to 1.1, more preferably less than or equal to 1.0, mass % (ASTM D874) based on the total mass of the composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition of the present invention suitably has a sulphated ash content of at least 0.4, preferably at least 0.5, such as at least 0.6 mass % (ASTM D874) based on the total mass of the composition.
  • the sulphated ash content of the lubricating oil composition is in the range of 0.04-1.2 mass%, preferably in the range of 0.06 to 1.0 mass% (ASTM D874).
  • the amount of sulfur in the lubricating oil composition will depend upon the particular application of the lubricating oil composition.
  • the lubricating oil composition may contain sulphur in an amount of up to 0.4, such as, up to 0.35 mass % sulphur (ASTM D2622) based on the total mass of the composition.
  • sulphur in an amount of up to 0.4, such as, up to 0.35 mass % sulphur (ASTM D2622) based on the total mass of the composition.
  • ASTM D2622 mass sulphur
  • the lubricating oil composition of all aspects and embodiments of the present invention may have a total base number (TBN), as measured in accordance with ASTM D2896, of 4 to 15, preferably 4 to 10 mg KOH/g.
  • TBN total base number
  • oils 1 to 6 as set out in Table 1 were blended. Oils 1 to 6, 8 and 9 as set out in Table 1 not falling under the scope of the appended claims are useful for understanding the invention. These oils were subjected to a variety of testing, as set out in Examples 1 and 2 below. The test methods used are described here.
  • the rig was set up with a 6mm ball on a 10mm disc.
  • the test protocol employed was as follows: Test Duration (mins) 1 min hold and 5 min run at each temperature stage Test Load (N) 4 Frequency (Hz) 40 Stroke Length (microns) 1,000 Temperature (°C) 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140 (low temperature stage) 160, 180, 200, 220 (high temperature stage)
  • the test has 6 stages in the low temperature runs and 4 stages in the high temperature runs. The average friction at each temperature stage is measured and the overall average friction across all stages.
  • the JASO T 903:2016 clutch friction test measures clutch friction based on the SAE #2 test rig.
  • the test runs at 3600rpm and duration of 1000 cycles of engagement and disengagement of the friction test plates.
  • the friction coefficient of the test oil is measured in the test cycles.
  • the test generates three different friction indices namely the Static Friction Index (SFI), Dynamic Friction Index (DFI) and Stop Time Index (SFI). These indices are calculated based on the friction coefficients of the test oil against two standard reference oils. These three indices will determine the classification of the JASO friction performance to MA2, MA1, MA or MB based on the limits specified in the JASO T 903:2016 specification.
  • SFI Static Friction Index
  • DFI Dynamic Friction Index
  • SFI Stop Time Index
  • the mini traction machine supplied by PCS Instruments, is a computer controlled traction and wear measurement instrument which provides controlled traction mapping of fluids. It measures the friction coefficient between a rotating ball on a rotating disk at variable entrainment speed. Contact was formed between 3 ⁇ 4 inch ball mounted on a pivoting shaft, which is automatically loaded against a rotating 46mm diameter disc horizontally mounted in the test fluid reservoir. Variation of the entrainment speed simulates variation in the thickness of the lubricating oil film between the surfaces. As the MTM does not incorporate reciprocating motion, it generally correlates with the mixed and hydrodynamic lubrication regimes that are typical in bearings, pump and piston rings. The test was run at four temperatures, 60°C, 80°C, 100°C and 145 °C.
  • the Schwingung Reibung Verschleiss "SRV”, supplied by Optimol, is used to evaluate friction and wear properties of liquid lubricants across a broad range of applications.
  • SRV The Schwingung Reibung Verschleiss "SRV”
  • the rig was set up with a 15x22mm cylinder on a 24x7.9mm disk.
  • the test has 6 temperature stages and you can record the average friction at each temperature stage and the overall average friction across all stages.
  • the test protocol employed was as follows: Test Duration (mins) 1 min hold and 5 min run at each temperature stage Test Load (N) 400 Frequency (Hz) 50 Stroke Length (microns) 3,000 Temperature (°C) 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160
  • the test oil forms a film in between the cylinder and disk, the cylinder is engaged in a sliding or reciprocating stroke across the disk and friction between the metal-metal contact is measured. This is used to evaluate the boundary regime friction characteristics of the oils.
  • Table 1 Additive Oil 1 Oil 2 Oil 3 Oil 4 Oil 5 Oil 6 Oil 7 Oil 8 Oil 9 Additive Package 1 7.09 7.09 7.09 7.09 7.09 7.09 7.09 7.09 6 Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate 2 0.23 0.11 0.11 0.045 0.045 Ashless Friction Modifier 1 3 0.25 Ashless Friction Modifier 2 4 0.5 0.25 Ashless Friction Modifier 3 5 0.5 Viscosity modifier 7 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5
  • the molybdenum dithiocarbamate was a trimeric molybdenum dithiocarbamate additive available from Infineum UK Limited as Infineum C9455B.
  • Ashless friction modifier 1 was glycerol monooleate.
  • Ashless friction modifier 2 was a tallow ester of triethanol amine.
  • Ashless friction modifier 3 was octadecylsuccinic anhydride.
  • the "chloro" non-borated dispersant in the additive package of Oils 1-8 was replaced in the additive package of Oil 9 by "thermal" non-borated dispersant, at equivalent nitrogen content.
  • the viscosity modifier was a hydrogenated styrene-diene star polymer.
  • Oils 1-7 were tested in the HFRR and the average coefficient at each different temperature is set out in Table 2 below: Table 2 Temperature, °C Oil 1 Oil 2 Oil 3 Oil 4 Oil 5 Oil 6 Oil 7 40 0.122 0.117 0.120 0.117 0.123 0.119 0.122 60 0.135 0.124 0.132 0.125 0.136 0.125 0.138 80 0.153 0.128 0.146 0.132 0.144 0.144 0.148 100 0.158 0.113 0.150 0.138 0.148 0.136 0.127 120 0.161 0.122 0.154 0.145 0.154 0.135 0.115 140 0.162 0.122 0.157 0.149 0.155 0.131 0.118 160 0.162 0.096 0.140 0.140 0.136 0.125 0.090 180 0.159 0.099 0.138 0.141 0.134 0.130 0.063 200 0.158 0.100 0.136 0.139 0.140 0.126 0.064 220 0.156 0.095 0.141 0.145 0.144 0.124 0.078
  • Oils 1-7 were also tested in the SRV and the average coefficient at each different temperature is set out in Table 3 below: Table 3 Temperature, °C Oil 1 Oil 2 Oil 3 Oil 4 Oil 5 Oil 6 Oil 7 60 0.170 0.082 0.161 0.162 0.160 0.134 0.135 80 0.165 0.090 0.161 0.163 0.160 0.147 0.152 100 0.167 0.125 0.162 0.165 0.161 0.149 0.154 120 0.171 0.135 0.161 0.167 0.164 0.151 0.153 140 0.173 0.127 0.161 0.166 0.167 0.151 0.150 160 0.171 0.111 0.167 0.164 0.169 0.147 0.135
  • Oil with 0.23 mass% molybdenum dithiocarbamate has generally the lowest coefficient of friction and this reduces as the temperature increases. Halving the amount of molybdenum dithiocarbamate in Oil 6 increases the friction coefficient at higher temperature.
  • Oils 3, 4 and 5 with ashless friction modifier and no molybdenum compound generally have a higher friction coefficient than the molybdenum-containing oils, though still perform better than the reference Oil 1, which contains neither ashless friction modifier nor molybdenum compound. It is noted that Oil 7, which contains half the amount of molybdenum dithiocarbamate and half the amount of ashless friction modifier 2 also performs well compared with Oil 2 with the higher molybdenum content.
  • Oils 6, 7 and 8 were tested in the JASO T 903:2016.
  • Oil 8 which comprises a lower content of molybdenum achieved an MA2 rating, which is the highest friction level that can be achieved in this test and is desirable for good clutch operation.
  • Oil 6, which has a higher molybdenum content achieved only an MB rating, which is the lowest rating in this test and not desirable for good functioning of a clutch assembly.
  • Oil 7 though which comprises the same higher molybdenum content as Oil 6, but additionally contains ashless friction modifier, achieves an MA1 rating. This is a good operational rating for a clutch assembly.
  • Oils 8 and 9 which differed only in the type of non-borated dispersant, were tested in the MTM.
  • Figs. 3-6 show that Oil 9 with the "thermal” dispersant in place of the "chloro" dispersant exhibits reduced friction coefficient, which reduction is particularly marked at higher temperature.
  • Oils 9-11 were blended and tested in the HFRR, SRV and JASO T 903:2016.
  • the oils were compared to a commercial 10W-30 oil, composition unknown, which oil was measured as having an MA2 qualification in the JASO T 903:2016.
  • Oils 9-11 is set out in Table 4 below, the amounts being mass% active matter.
  • Table 4 Additive Oil 9 Oil 10 Oil 11 Additive Package 8 7.9 7.9 7.9 Ashless Friction Modifier 2 4 0.2 0.2 0.2 Molybdenum Dithiocarbamate 2 0.045 0.045 0.045 Viscosity Modifier 7 11 9.5 15.3 Group II base oil Balance Group III base oil Balance Balance SAE Viscosity Grade 5W-30 10W-30 10W-40 SASH, mass %, (ASTM D874) 0.688 0.688 0.688 P, ppm (ASTM D5185) 0.086 0.086 0.086 Mo, ppm (ASTM D5185) 55 55 55 S, mass% (ASTM D2622) 0.198 0.198 0.198 N, mass% (ASTM D5291) 0.08 0.08 0.08 B, ppm (ASTM D5185) 86 86 86 Ca, mass% (ASTM D5185) 0.148 0.148 0.148 TBN, (ASTM D2896
  • the molybdenum dithiocarbamate was a trimeric molybdenum dithiocarbamate additive available from Infineum UK Limited as Infineum C9455B. 4 Ashless friction modifier 2 was a tallow ester of triethanol amine. 7 The viscosity modifier was a hydrogenated styrene-diene star polymer.
  • Oils 9 to 11 vary only in the amount of viscosity modifier and the base oil, in order to obtain the different SAE viscosity grades indicated.
  • Table 5 Temp (°C) Reference Oil 9 Oil 10 Oil 11 40 0.126 0.115 0.112 0.116 60 0.1335 0.124 0.119 0.125 80 0.154 0.143 0.138 0.144 100 0.1635 0.143 0.1395 0.1465 120 0.165 0.129 0.1305 0.139 140 0.166 0.101 0.0975 0.1335 160 0.157 0.148 0.150 0.147 180 0.158 0.133 0.136 0.144 200 0.157 0.091 0.093 0.097 220 0.160 0.086 0.089 0.089
  • Table 6 The reference oil and each of Oils 9-11 where tested in the SRV and the average coefficient at each different temperature is set out in Table 6 below: Table 6 Temp (°C) Reference Oil 9 Oil 10 Oil 11 60 0.164 0.160 0.160 0.159 80 0.159 0.156 0.156 0.154 100 0.163 0.158 0.158 0.157 120 0.168 0.160 0.160 0.159 140 0.172 0.158 0.159 0.159 160 0.174 0.148 0.147 0.152
  • Oil 10 was also tested in the JASO T 903:2016 clutch friction test and found to have a MA2 performance level. Thus, Oil 10 exhibits comparable clutch friction performance to the commercial reference oil, but improved engine friction performance in the SRV.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Schmierölzusammensetzung zum Schmieren sowohl des Kurbelgehäuses des Motors als auch der Kupplungsbaugruppe eines Viertakt-Motorradmotors, die eine größere Menge an Öl mit Schmierviskosität und geringere Mengen (A) öllösliche Molybdänverbindung, die ein Molybdändithiocarbamat ist, das in einer Menge vorhanden ist, die die Schmierölzusammensetzung mit mindestens 50 und nicht mehr als 500 Massen.ppm Molybdän ausstattet, gemessen gemäß ASTM D5185, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Schmierölzusammensetzung, (B) aschefreies organisches Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel, das in einer Menge vorhanden ist, die 2 Massen.% nicht überschreitet, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Schmierölzusammensetzung, wobei das aschefreie Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel (B) mindestens eines von (a) stickstofffreiem organischem Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel, das Ester umfasst, der durch Umsetzen von Carbonsäuren und Anhydriden mit Alkanolen gebildet ist, (b) aminischen oder aminbasierten Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel(n), das/die alkoxylierte Mono- und Diamine umfasst/umfassen, (c) Ester, der als Reaktionsprodukt von (i) tertiärem Amin mit der Formel R1R2R3N, wobei R1, R2 und R3 aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffgruppen mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen repräsentieren, wobei mindestens eines von R1, R2 und R3 eine Hydroxylgruppe aufweist, mit (ii) gesättigter oder ungesättigter Fettsäure mit 10 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen gebildet ist, oder eine Mischung davon umfasst, und (C) Viskositätsmodifizierungsmittel umfasst, das eine größere Menge eines Sternpolymer-Viskositätsmodifizierungsmittels umfasst, und wobei die Schmierölzusammensetzung eine JASO Kupplungsreibung von mindestens MA1 aufweist, wenn gemäß dem JASO 1 903:2016 Kupplungsreibungstest gemessen wird.
  2. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, bei der die Gesamtmenge an aschefreiem organischen Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel (B) in der Schmierölzusammensetzung 0,5 Massen.% nicht überschreitet.
  3. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei der das Molybdändithiocarbamat in einer Menge vorhanden ist, die die Schmierölzusammensetzung mit bis zu 150 Massen.ppm Molybdän ausstattet, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Schmierölzusammensetzung.
  4. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die ferner aschefreies Dispergiermitteladditiv umfasst.
  5. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 4, bei der das aschefreie Dispergiermittel nach dem thermischen "En"-Prozess hergestellt ist.
  6. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, die des Weiteren metallhaltiges Detergens umfasst, wobei das metallhaltige Detergens Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetallsulfonat, -phenolat oder -salicylat sein kann.
  7. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 6, bei der das metallhaltige Detergens ein oder mehrere Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetallsalicylat(e) umfasst, wobei es sich um das einzige metallhaltige Detergens in der Schmierölzusammensetzung handelt.
  8. Schmierölzusammensetzung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der das aschefreie Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel (B) (c) Ester ist, der als das Reaktionsprodukt von (i) tertiärem Amin mit der Formel R1R2R3N, wobei R1, R2 und R3 aliphatische Alkylgruppen mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen repräsentieren, wobei mindestens eines von R1, R2 und R3 eine Hydroxylgruppe aufweist, mit (ii) gesättigter oder ungesättigter Fettsäure mit 10 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen gebildet ist.
  9. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Motorrads mit einem Viertaktmotor und einem Getriebe einschließlich einer Kupplungsbaugruppe, bei dem das Kurbelgehäuse des Motors und die Kupplungsbaugruppe mit einer Schmierölzusammensetzung geschmiert werden, die aus einem gemeinsamen Sumpf bereitgestellt wird, bei welchem Verfahren dem Kurbelgehäuse des Motors und der Kupplungsbaugruppe eine Schmierölzusammensetzung zugeführt wird, die eine größere Menge Öl mit Schmierviskosität und geringere Mengen (A) öllösliche Molybdänverbindung, die ein Molybdändithiocarbamat ist, das in einer Menge vorhanden ist, die die Schmierölzusammensetzung mit mindestens 50 und nicht mehr als 500 Massen.ppm Molybdän ausstattet, gemessen gemäß ASTM D5185, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Schmierölzusammensetzung, (B) aschefreies organisches Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel, das in einer Menge vorhanden ist, die 2 Massen.% nicht überschreitet, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Schmierölzusammensetzung, wobei das aschefreie Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel (B) mindestens eines von (a) stickstofffreiem organischem Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel, das Ester umfasst, der durch Umsetzen von Carbonsäuren und Anhydriden mit Alkanolen gebildet ist, (b) aminischen oder aminbasierten Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel(n), das/die alkoxylierte Mono- und Diamine umfasst/umfassen, (c) Ester, der als Reaktionsprodukt von (i) tertiärem Amin mit der Formel R1R2R3N, wobei R1, R2 und R3 aliphatische Kohlenwasserstoffgruppen mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen repräsentieren, wobei mindestens eines von R1, R2 und R3 eine Hydroxylgruppe aufweist, mit (ii) gesättigter oder ungesättigter Fettsäure mit 10 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen gebildet ist, oder eine Mischung davon umfasst, und (C) Viskositätsmodifizierungsmittel umfasst, das eine größere Menge eines Sternpolymer-Viskositätsmodifizierungsmittels umfasst.
  10. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Motorrads nach Anspruch 9, bei dem die Gesamtmenge an aschefreiem organischem Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel (B) in der Schmierölzusammensetzung 0,5 Massen.% nicht überschreitet.
  11. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, bei dem das Molybdändithiocarbamat in einer Menge vorhanden ist, die die Schmierölzusammensetzung mit bis zu 150 Massen.ppm Molybdän ausstattet, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Schmierölzusammensetzung.
  12. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Motorrads nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, bei dem die Schmierölzusammensetzung des Weiteren aschefreies Dispergiermitteladditiv umfasst.
  13. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Motorrads nach Anspruch 12, bei dem das aschefreie Dispergiermitteladditiv nach einem thermischen "En"-Prozess hergestellt ist.
  14. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Motorrads nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, bei dem die Schmierölzusammensetzung des Weiteren metallhaltiges Detergens umfasst, wobei das metallhaltige Detergens Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetallsulfonat, - phenolat oder -salicylat sein kann.
  15. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Motorrads nach Anspruch 14, bei dem das Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetallsalicylat das einzige metallhaltige Detergens in der Schmierölzusammensetzung ist.
  16. Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Motorrads nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 15, bei dem das aschefreie Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel (B) (c) Ester ist, der als das Reaktionsprodukt von (i) tertiärem Amin mit der Formel R1R2R3N, wobei R1, R2 und R3 aliphatische Alkylgruppen mit 1 bis 6 Kohlenstoffatomen repräsentieren, wobei mindestens eines von R1, R2 und R3 eine Hydroxylgruppe aufweist, mit (ii) gesättigter oder ungesättigter Fettsäure mit 10 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen gebildet ist.
  17. Verwendung einer Kombination einer geringeren Menge von (A) öllöslicher Molybdänverbindung, die ein Molybdändithiocarbamat ist, und einer geringeren Menge von (B) aschefreiem organischen Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel, wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 8 definiert ist, in einer Schmierölzusammensetzung, um ausreichend Reibung in der Kupplungsbaugruppe eines Viertakt-Motorradmotors aufrechtzuerhalten, und derart, dass die Schmierölzusammensetzung mindestens ein Ergebnis von MA1 in dem JASO 1 903:2016 Kupplungsreibungstest erreicht, wobei die Schmierölzusammensetzung eine größere Menge Öl mit Schmierviskosität umfasst, das Molybdändithiocarbamat (A) in einer Menge vorhanden ist, die die Schmierölzusammensetzung mit mindestens 50 und nicht mehr als 500 Massen.ppm Molybdän ausstattet, gemessen gemäß ASTM D5185, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Schmierölzusammensetzung, und wobei das aschefreie organische Reinungsmodifizierungsmittel (B) in einer Menge vorhanden ist, die 2 Massen.% nicht überschreitet, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Schmierölzusammensetzung.
  18. Verwendung nach Anspruch 17, bei der die Schmierölzusammensetzung des Weiteren ein oder mehrere Sternpolymer-Viskositätsmodifizierungsmittel einschließt.
  19. Verwendung nach Anspruch 17 oder 18, bei der die Schmierölzusammensetzung des Weiteren aschefreies Dispergiermitteladditiv einschließt, das nach einem thermischen "En"-Prozess hergestellt ist.
  20. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 19, bei der die Gesamtmenge an aschefreiem organischem Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel (B) in der Schmierölzusammensetzung 0,5 Massen.% nicht überschreitet.
  21. Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 17 bis 19, bei der das Molybdändithiocarbamat in einer Menge vorhanden ist, die die Schmierölzusammensetzung mit bis zu 150 Massen.ppm Molybdän ausstattet, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Schmierölzusammensetzung.
EP17186743.5A 2017-07-24 2017-08-17 Motorradschmiermittel Active EP3434755B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/657,248 US20190024007A1 (en) 2017-07-24 2017-07-24 Motorcycle Lubricant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3434755A1 EP3434755A1 (de) 2019-01-30
EP3434755B1 true EP3434755B1 (de) 2024-05-22

Family

ID=59649625

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17186743.5A Active EP3434755B1 (de) 2017-07-24 2017-08-17 Motorradschmiermittel

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20190024007A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3434755B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2019038995A (de)
KR (1) KR20190011215A (de)
CN (1) CN109294701A (de)
CA (1) CA3012205C (de)
SG (1) SG10201806266PA (de)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3736318B1 (de) * 2019-05-09 2022-03-09 Infineum International Limited Getriebeflüssigkeitszusammensetzung für verbesserten verschleissschutz
FR3100816B1 (fr) * 2019-09-12 2022-02-18 Total Marketing Services Desaeration d’une composition lubrifiante
US12024687B2 (en) * 2022-09-27 2024-07-02 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricating composition for motorcycle applications
US11912955B1 (en) 2022-10-28 2024-02-27 Afton Chemical Corporation Lubricating compositions for reduced low temperature valve train wear

Family Cites Families (46)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2719126A (en) 1952-12-30 1955-09-27 Standard Oil Co Corrosion inhibitors and compositions containing same
US2719125A (en) 1952-12-30 1955-09-27 Standard Oil Co Oleaginous compositions non-corrosive to silver
US3087932A (en) 1959-07-09 1963-04-30 Standard Oil Co Process for preparing 2, 5-bis(hydrocarbondithio)-1, 3, 4-thiadiazole
US3087936A (en) 1961-08-18 1963-04-30 Lubrizol Corp Reaction product of an aliphatic olefinpolymer-succinic acid producing compound with an amine and reacting the resulting product with a boron compound
GB989409A (en) 1962-08-24 1965-04-14 Gen Electric Organopolysiloxane compositions
US3904537A (en) 1972-05-03 1975-09-09 Lubrizol Corp Novel disulfides derived from 1,2,4-thiadiazole
US3821236A (en) 1972-05-03 1974-06-28 Lubrizol Corp Certain 2-halo-1,2,4-thiadiazole disulfides
US4193882A (en) 1973-07-06 1980-03-18 Mobil Oil Corporation Corrosion inhibited lubricant composition
US4136043A (en) 1973-07-19 1979-01-23 The Lubrizol Corporation Homogeneous compositions prepared from dimercaptothiadiazoles
CA1048507A (en) 1974-03-27 1979-02-13 Jack Ryer Additive useful in oleaginous compositions
GB1560830A (en) 1975-08-08 1980-02-13 Exxon Research Engineering Co Sulphenamides
US4097387A (en) 1976-09-03 1978-06-27 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Olefin-dimercapto-thiadiazole compositions and process
US4113639A (en) 1976-11-11 1978-09-12 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Lubricating oil composition containing a dispersing-varnish inhibiting combination of an oxazoline compound and an acyl nitrogen compound
DE2702604C2 (de) 1977-01-22 1984-08-30 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Polyisobutene
US4116876A (en) 1977-01-28 1978-09-26 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Borated oxazolines as varnish inhibiting dispersants in lubricating oils
US4107059A (en) 1977-06-27 1978-08-15 Pennwalt Corporation Polymer of 1,2,4-thiadiazole and lubricants containing it as an additive
US4188299A (en) 1978-05-17 1980-02-12 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Oil soluble dithiophosphoric acid derivatives of mercaptothiadiazoles
US4234435A (en) 1979-02-23 1980-11-18 The Lubrizol Corporation Novel carboxylic acid acylating agents, derivatives thereof, concentrate and lubricant compositions containing the same, and processes for their preparation
US4702850A (en) 1980-10-06 1987-10-27 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Power transmitting fluids containing esters of hydrocarbyl succinic acid or anhydride with thio-bis-alkanols
EP0608962A1 (de) 1985-03-14 1994-08-03 The Lubrizol Corporation Hochmolekular stickstoffhaltige Kondensate und diese enthaltende Treibstoffe und Schmiermittel
CA1262721A (en) 1985-07-11 1989-11-07 Jacob Emert Oil soluble dispersant additives useful in oleaginous compositions
US4857217A (en) 1987-11-30 1989-08-15 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Dispersant additives derived from amido-amines
US4956107A (en) 1987-11-30 1990-09-11 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Amide dispersant additives derived from amino-amines
US4963275A (en) 1986-10-07 1990-10-16 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Dispersant additives derived from lactone modified amido-amine adducts
US4938880A (en) 1987-05-26 1990-07-03 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Process for preparing stable oleaginous compositions
US4927551A (en) 1987-12-30 1990-05-22 Chevron Research Company Lubricating oil compositions containing a combination of a modified succinimide and a Group II metal overbased sulfurized alkylphenol
IL89210A (en) 1988-02-26 1992-06-21 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Lubricating oil compositions containing demulsifiers
US4938881A (en) 1988-08-01 1990-07-03 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricating oil compositions and concentrates
US5229022A (en) 1988-08-01 1993-07-20 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Ethylene alpha-olefin polymer substituted mono- and dicarboxylic acid dispersant additives (PT-920)
US4952739A (en) 1988-10-26 1990-08-28 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Organo-Al-chloride catalyzed poly-n-butenes process
US5241003A (en) 1990-05-17 1993-08-31 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Ashless dispersants formed from substituted acylating agents and their production and use
US5430105A (en) 1992-12-17 1995-07-04 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Low sediment process for forming borated dispersant
CA2190182C (en) 1994-06-17 2006-08-22 Joseph V. Cusumano Lubricating oil dispersants derived from heavy polyamine
DE69505981T3 (de) 1994-07-11 2010-10-28 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Dispergiermittel auf basis von bernsteinsäureimidadditiven aus schwerpolyaminen zur verwendung in schmierölen
US5565128A (en) 1994-10-12 1996-10-15 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Lubricating oil mannich base dispersants derived from heavy polyamine
US6300291B1 (en) * 1999-05-19 2001-10-09 Infineum Usa L.P. Lubricating oil composition
US7022653B2 (en) * 2003-03-10 2006-04-04 Infineum International Limited Friction modifiers for engine oil composition
US7867955B2 (en) * 2004-07-30 2011-01-11 Infineum International Limited Lubricating oil composition
US20060068868A1 (en) * 2004-09-13 2006-03-30 Pokertek, Inc. System and method for providing an electronic card game
CN101124306A (zh) * 2004-12-22 2008-02-13 卢布里佐尔公司 摩擦控制方法
US20080305972A1 (en) * 2007-06-08 2008-12-11 Devlin Mark T Lubricant compositions
JP5727713B2 (ja) * 2010-03-19 2015-06-03 出光興産株式会社 内燃機関用潤滑油組成物
CN103374443B (zh) * 2012-04-26 2015-09-23 中国石油化工股份有限公司 汽油机油组合物及其制造方法
EP3119860A1 (de) * 2014-03-19 2017-01-25 The Lubrizol Corporation Schmiermittel mit mischungen aus polymeren
SG10201504239SA (en) * 2014-06-02 2016-01-28 Infineum Int Ltd Lubrication oil compositions
US10196578B2 (en) 2014-06-18 2019-02-05 The Lubrizol Corporation Motorcycle engine lubricant

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20190011215A (ko) 2019-02-01
JP2019038995A (ja) 2019-03-14
CA3012205C (en) 2024-06-25
SG10201806266PA (en) 2019-02-27
CN109294701A (zh) 2019-02-01
CA3012205A1 (en) 2019-01-24
EP3434755A1 (de) 2019-01-30
US20190024007A1 (en) 2019-01-24

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CA2812480C (en) Lubricating oil compositions
JP7377913B2 (ja) 潤滑油組成物
EP2952561B1 (de) Schmierölzusammensetzungen
CA3012205C (en) Motorcycle lubricant
US10358618B2 (en) Lubricating oil compositions
EP2457984A1 (de) Schmierölzusammensetzung
EP2952564B1 (de) Schmierölzusammensetzungen
EP3546549B1 (de) Schmierölzusammensetzung
EP2952563B1 (de) Schmierölzusammensetzungen
EP2977436B1 (de) Schmierölzusammensetzungen
EP1728848B1 (de) Verwendung von ungesättigten Olefinpolymeren für die Kompatibilitätverbesserung zwischen Nitrilkautschukdichtungen und Schmierölzusammensetzungen
CA2786209A1 (en) Zinc dithiocarbamates for use in lubricating oils

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: BA ME

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20190104

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: EXAMINATION IS IN PROGRESS

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20211116

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R079

Ref document number: 602017082059

Country of ref document: DE

Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: C10M0141080000

Ipc: C10M0141120000

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R079

Free format text: PREVIOUS MAIN CLASS: C10M0141080000

Ipc: C10M0141120000

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: C10N 60/14 20060101ALI20231114BHEP

Ipc: C10N 40/25 20060101ALI20231114BHEP

Ipc: C10N 40/04 20060101ALI20231114BHEP

Ipc: C10N 30/00 20060101ALI20231114BHEP

Ipc: C10N 30/02 20060101ALI20231114BHEP

Ipc: C10N 30/06 20060101ALI20231114BHEP

Ipc: C10N 20/02 20060101ALI20231114BHEP

Ipc: C10N 10/12 20060101ALI20231114BHEP

Ipc: C10M 141/12 20060101AFI20231114BHEP

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20231218

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 602017082059

Country of ref document: DE