EP3546549B1 - Schmierölzusammensetzung - Google Patents
Schmierölzusammensetzung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3546549B1 EP3546549B1 EP19157843.4A EP19157843A EP3546549B1 EP 3546549 B1 EP3546549 B1 EP 3546549B1 EP 19157843 A EP19157843 A EP 19157843A EP 3546549 B1 EP3546549 B1 EP 3546549B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating oil
- oil composition
- automotive engine
- molybdenum
- molybdenum dithiocarbamate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 151
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 114
- -1 molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 41
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 25
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J molybdenum(4+) tetracarbamodithioate Chemical compound C(N)([S-])=S.[Mo+4].C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S.C(N)([S-])=S KHYKFSXXGRUKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 125000000962 organic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AVVIDTZRJBSXML-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2-carboxyphenolate;dihydrate Chemical compound O.O.[Ca+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O AVVIDTZRJBSXML-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003354 benzotriazolyl group Chemical class N1N=NC2=C1C=CC=C2* 0.000 claims 6
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 63
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 30
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 25
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 19
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 13
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 12
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000005078 molybdenum compound Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000002752 molybdenum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isobutene Chemical compound CC(C)=C VQTUBCCKSQIDNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 5
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000002762 monocarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- DHTAIMJOUCYGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethyl-n-(2-ethylhexyl)-n-[(4-methylbenzotriazol-1-yl)methyl]hexan-1-amine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CN(CC(CC)CCCC)CC(CC)CCCC)N=NC2=C1C DHTAIMJOUCYGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 3
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MQHWFIOJQSCFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium salicylate Chemical compound [Mg+2].OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O.OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O MQHWFIOJQSCFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical class OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 3
- 229940072082 magnesium salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 3
- CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N (e)-10-[2-(7-carboxyheptyl)-5,6-dihexylcyclohex-3-en-1-yl]dec-9-enoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC1C=CC(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C1CCCCCC CIRMGZKUSBCWRL-LHLOQNFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical class COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical class ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO TXBCBTDQIULDIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[3-hydroxy-2-[[3-hydroxy-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propoxy]methyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)COCC(CO)(CO)CO PTJWCLYPVFJWMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical class S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000029936 alkylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005804 alkylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HYZHPAXFOXQGMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazol-1-ylmethanamine Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CN)N=NC2=C1 HYZHPAXFOXQGMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000005885 boration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlormequat chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCCl UHZZMRAGKVHANO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000001309 chloro group Chemical group Cl* 0.000 description 2
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyl sebacate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC VJHINFRRDQUWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014509 gene expression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 2
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003628 tricarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 229960001124 trientine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylolethane Chemical compound OCC(C)(CO)CO QXJQHYBHAIHNGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000000214 vapour pressure osmometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C10M125/22—Compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
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- C10M135/18—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having a carbon-to-sulfur double bond thiocarbamic type, e.g. containing the groups
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- C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
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- C10M137/105—Thio derivatives not containing metal
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- C10M2215/223—Five-membered rings containing nitrogen and carbon only
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/10—Inhibition of oxidation, e.g. anti-oxidants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/54—Fuel economy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
- C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to automotive engine lubricating oils, which exhibit improved friction reduction and fuel consumption reduction, especially at lower operating temperatures, in particular at engine operating temperatures below 80 °C.
- molybdenum containing additives can be used in automotive engine lubricants to improve friction reduction performance.
- efficacy of such additives is not realized until the engine temperature reaches around 80 °C.
- WO2011/161982 discloses fuel-saving engine oils comprising an organic molybdenum compound.
- Benzotriazole compounds have been used for many years in lubricating oil compositions as corrosion inhibitors to reduce copper corrosion.
- the present invention provides an automotive engine lubricating oil composition
- an automotive engine lubricating oil composition comprising
- the base oil of lubricating viscosity (A) is present in a major amount.
- the automotive engine lubricating oil composition of the present invention is used to lubricate the crankcase of the engine (i.e. an automotive engine crankcase lubricant).
- the automotive engine lubricating oil composition is used to lubricate an automotive spark-ignited or automotive compression-ignited internal combustion engine, preferably an automotive spark-ignited internal combustion engine.
- the use of the benzotriazole compound as an additive in a lubricating oil composition which includes a molybdenum containing additive, especially a molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound permits improved friction reduction performance, particularly boundary regime friction reduction performance, of the molybdenum containing additive when the lubricating oil composition is used to lubricate an automotive engine.
- the improved friction reduction performance of the molybdenum containing compound is realized at lower engine operating temperatures i.e. when the engine is operating at temperatures below 80 °C. Accordingly, the automotive engine lubricating oil composition of the present inventions provides benefits in terms of improved friction reduction and/or improved fuel consumption reduction.
- the present invention provides a method of lubricating an automotive engine comprising lubricating the engine with a lubricating oil composition as defined in accordance with the first aspect of the present invention.
- the method comprises lubricating the crankcase of the engine.
- the present invention provides the use, in the lubrication of an automotive engine, of at least one benzotriazole derivative (B), as defined in the first aspect of the invention, as an additive in an effective minor amount, in a lubricating oil composition comprising a base oil of lubricating viscosity (A) and at least one molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound (C), as defined in the first aspect of the invention, to improve the friction reducing performance properties of the molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound(s) (C) during operation of the automotive engine, wherein said molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound(s) (C) provide the lubricating oil composition with from 450 to 2000 ppm of molybdenum.
- B benzotriazole derivative
- C molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound
- the present invention provides the use, in the lubrication of an automotive engine, of the combination of at least one benzotriazole derivative (B), as defined in the first aspect of the invention, and at least one molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound (C), as defined in the first aspect of the invention, as a combination of additives in an effective minor amount, in a lubricating oil composition comprising a base oil of lubricating viscosity (A), to improve friction reduction of the lubricating oil composition during operation of the automotive engine, wherein said molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound(s) (C) provide the lubricating oil composition with from 450 to 2000 ppm of molybdenum.
- B benzotriazole derivative
- C molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound
- the present invention provides the use, in the lubrication of an automotive engine, of the combination of at least one benzotriazole derivative (B), as defined in the first aspect of the invention, and at least one molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound (C), as defined in the first aspect of the invention, as a combination of additives in an effective minor amount, in a lubricating oil composition comprising a base oil of lubricating viscosity (A), to reduce fuel consumption of the automotive engine during operation of the engine, wherein said molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound(s) (C) provide the lubricating oil composition with from 450 to 2000 ppm of molybdenum.
- B benzotriazole derivative
- C molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound
- the automotive engine in the second to fifth aspects of the invention operates at temperatures below 80 °C.
- the lubricating oil composition as defined in the third, fourth and fifth aspects of the present invention further includes (D) one or more additional additives chosen from metal containing or ashless detergents, ashless antioxidants, antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, and dispersants.
- additional additives chosen from metal containing or ashless detergents, ashless antioxidants, antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers, and dispersants.
- the engine as defined in the second, third, fourth and fifth aspects of the present invention is a spark-ignited or compression-ignited internal combustion engine, preferably a spark-ignited internal combustion engine.
- the at least one benzotriazole derivative (B) is present, in the lubricating oil composition in an amount of 0.01 to 0.04 mass % on an active matter basis.
- the at least one molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound (C) provides the lubricating oil composition of the first aspect of the invention, and the lubricating oil composition as defined in the second to fifth aspects of the invention, with a total amount of 450 to 2000, more preferably 450 to 1200, even more preferably 450 to 900, most preferably 600 to 900, ppm molybdenum (ASTM D5185).
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention has a sulphated ash content of less than or equal to 1.2, preferably less than or equal to 1.1, more preferably less than or equal to 1.0, mass % (ASTM D874) based on the total mass of the composition.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains low levels of phosphorus.
- the lubricating oil composition contains phosphorus in an amount of less than or equal to 0.12, preferably up to 0.11, more preferably less than or equal to 0.10, even more preferably less than or equal to 0.09, even more preferably less than or equal to 0.08, most preferably less than or equal to 0.06, mass % of phosphorus (ASTM D5185) based on the total mass of the composition.
- the lubricating oil composition contains phosphorus in an amount of greater than or equal to 0.01, preferably greater than or equal to 0.02, more preferably greater than or equal to 0.03, even more preferably greater than or equal to 0.05, mass % of phosphorus (ASTM D5185) based on the total mass of the composition.
- the lubricating oil composition may contain low levels of sulphur.
- the lubricating oil composition contains sulphur in an amount of up to 0.4, more preferably up to 0.3, even more preferably up to 0.2, mass % sulphur (ASTM D2622) based on the total mass of the composition.
- a lubricating oil composition according to the present invention contains up to 0.30, more preferably up to 0.20, most preferably up to 0.15, mass % nitrogen, based on the total mass of the composition and as measured according to ASTM method D5291.
- the lubricating oil composition may have a total base number (TBN), as measured in accordance with ASTM D2896, of from 4 to 15, preferably from 5 to 12 mg KOH/g.
- TBN total base number
- the oil of lubricating viscosity (sometimes referred to as “base stock” or “base oil”) is the primary liquid constituent of a lubricant, into which additives and possibly other oils are blended, for example to produce a final lubricant (or lubricant composition).
- a base oil is useful for making concentrates as well as for making lubricating oil compositions therefrom, and may be selected from natural (vegetable, animal or mineral) and synthetic lubricating oils and mixtures thereof.
- the base stock groups are defined in the American Petroleum Institute (API) publication " Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System", Industry Services Department, Fourteenth Edition, December 1996, Addendum 1, December 1998 .
- the base stock will have a viscosity preferably of 3-12, more preferably 4-10, most preferably 4.5-8, mm 2 /s (cSt) at 100°C.
- base stocks and base oils in this invention are the same as those found in the American Petroleum Institute (API) publication " Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System", Industry Services Department, Fourteenth Edition, December 1996, Addendum 1, December 1998 . Said publication categorizes base stocks as follows:
- oils of lubricating viscosity which may be included in the lubricating oil composition are detailed as follows.
- Natural oils include animal and vegetable oils (e.g. castor and lard oil), liquid petroleum oils and hydrorefined, solvent-treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic and mixed paraffinic-naphthenic types. Oils of lubricating viscosity derived from coal or shale are also useful base oils.
- Synthetic lubricating oils include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g. polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene-isobutylene copolymers, chlorinated polybutylenes, poly(1-hexenes), poly(1-octenes), poly(1-decenes)); alkylbenzenes (e.g. dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di(2-ethylhexyl)benzenes); polyphenols (e.g. biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenols); and alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and the derivatives, analogues and homologues thereof.
- hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (e.g. polybut
- Another suitable class of synthetic lubricating oils comprises the esters of dicarboxylic acids (e.g. phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids and alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebasic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dimer, malonic acid, alkylmalonic acids, alkenyl malonic acids) with a variety of alcohols (e.g. butyl alcohol, hexyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monoether, propylene glycol).
- dicarboxylic acids e.g. phthalic acid, succinic acid, alkyl succinic acids and alkenyl succinic acids, maleic acid, azelaic acid, suberic acid, sebasic acid, fumaric acid, adipic acid, linoleic acid dim
- esters include dibutyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, di-n-hexyl fumarate, dioctyl sebacate, diisooctyl azelate, diisodecyl azelate, dioctyl phthalate, didecyl phthalate, dieicosyl sebacate, the 2-ethylhexyl diester of linoleic acid dimer, and the complex ester formed by reacting one mole of sebacic acid with two moles of tetraethylene glycol and two moles of 2-ethylhexanoic acid.
- Esters useful as synthetic oils also include those made from C 5 to C 12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols, and polyol ethers such as neopentyl glycol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol and tripentaerythritol.
- Unrefined, refined and re-refined oils can be used in the compositions of the present invention.
- Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without further purification treatment.
- a shale oil obtained directly from retorting operations a petroleum oil obtained directly from distillation or ester oil obtained directly from an esterification process and used without further treatment would be unrefined oil.
- Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Many such purification techniques, such as distillation, solvent extraction, acid or base extraction, filtration and percolation are known to those skilled in the art.
- Re-refined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which have been already used in service. Such re-refined oils are also known as reclaimed or reprocessed oils and often are additionally processed by techniques for approval of spent additive and oil breakdown products.
- base oil examples include gas-to-liquid (“GTL”) base oils, i.e. the base oil may be an oil derived from Fischer-Tropsch synthesised hydrocarbons made from synthesis gas containing H 2 and CO using a Fischer-Tropsch catalyst. These hydrocarbons typically require further processing in order to be useful as a base oil. For example, they may, by methods known in the art, be hydroisomerized; hydrocracked and hydroisomerized; dewaxed; or hydroisomerized and dewaxed.
- GTL gas-to-liquid
- the oil of lubricating viscosity is present in an amount of greater than 55 mass %, more preferably greater than 60 mass %, even more preferably greater than 70 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity is present in an amount of less than 98 mass %, more preferably less than 95 mass %, even more preferably less than 90 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition.
- the lubricating oil composition of each aspect of the present invention may be a multigrade oil identified by the viscometric descriptor SAE 20W-X, SAE 15W-X, SAE 10W-X, SAE 5W-X or SAE 0W-X, where X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20, 30, 40 and 50; the characteristics of the different viscometric grades can be found in the SAE J300 classification.
- the lubricating oil composition is in the form of an SAE 10W-X, SAE 5W-X or SAE 0W-X, preferably in the form of a SAE 0W-X or SAE 5W-X viscosity grade, wherein X represents any one of 8, 12, 16, 20 or 30. Preferably X is 8, 12, 16 or 20.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises at least one benzotriazole derivative represented by Formula (I): wherein R 5 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms and R 6 is a tertiary amine group represented by wherein R 7 and R 8 are independently, linear or branched, hydrocarbyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 5 is a hydrocarbyl group having 1-3 carbon atoms
- R 6 is a tertiary amine group represented by wherein R 7 and R 8 are independently, linear or branched, hydrocarbyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 5 is a methyl group.
- R 7 and R 8 are both the same.
- R 7 and R 8 are hydrocarbyl groups having 6 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the benzotriazole derivative has the following structure:
- the benzotriazole derivative is present in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention in an amount from 0.01 to 0.04 wt% on an active matter basis.
- Suitable dinuclear or dimeric molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate compounds are represented by the Formula (II): wherein R 1 through R 4 independently denote a straight chain, branched chain or aromatic hydrocarbyl group having 1 to 24 carbon atoms; and X 1 through X 4 independently denote an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- the four hydrocarbyl groups, R 1 through R 4 may be identical or different from one another.
- Suitable tri-nuclear organo-molybdenum compounds include those of the formula Mo 3 S k L n Q z and mixtures thereof wherein L are independently selected ligands having organo groups with a sufficient number of carbon atoms to render the compound soluble or dispersible in the oil, n is from 1 to 4, k varies from 4 through 7, Q is selected from the group of neutral electron donating compounds such as water, amines, alcohols, phosphines, and ethers, and z ranges from 0 to 5 and includes non-stoichiometric values. At least 21 total carbon atoms should be present among all the ligands' organo groups, such as at least 25, at least 30, or at least 35 carbon atoms.
- the ligands are independently selected from the group of: -X-R 1, and mixtures thereof, wherein X, X 1 , X 2 , and Y are independently selected from the group of oxygen and sulfur, and wherein R 1 , R 2 , and R are independently selected from hydrogen and organo groups that may be the same or different.
- the organo groups are hydrocarbyl groups such as alkyl (e.g., in which the carbon atom attached to the remainder of the ligand is primary or secondary), aryl, substituted aryl and ether groups. More preferably, each ligand has the same hydrocarbyl group.
- the organo groups of the ligands have a sufficient number of carbon atoms to render the compound soluble or dispersible in the oil.
- the number of carbon atoms in each group will generally range between about 1 to about 100, preferably from about 1 to about 30, and more preferably between about 4 to about 20.
- Preferred ligands include dialkyldithiophosphate, alkylxanthate, and dialkyldithiocarbamate, and of these dialkyldithiocarbamate is more preferred.
- Organic ligands containing two or more of the above functionalities are also capable of serving as ligands and binding to one or more of the cores. Those skilled in the art will realize that formation of the compounds of the present invention requires selection of ligands having the appropriate charge to balance the core's charge.
- Oil-soluble or oil-dispersible tri-nuclear molybdenum compounds can be prepared by reacting in the appropriate liquid(s)/solvent(s) a molybdenum source such as (NH 4 ) 2 Mo 3 S 13 .n(H 2 O), where n varies between 0 and 2 and includes non-stoichiometric values, with a suitable ligand source such as a tetralkylthiuram disulfide.
- a molybdenum source such as (NH 4 ) 2 Mo 3 S 13 .n(H 2 O)
- a molybdenum source such as of (NH 4 ) 2 Mo 3 S 13 .n(H 2 O)
- a ligand source such as tetralkylthiuram disulfide, dialkyldithiocarbamate, or dialkyldithiophosphate
- a sulfur abstracting agent such as cyanide ions, sulfite ions, or substituted phosphines.
- a tri-nuclear molybdenum-sulfur halide salt such as [M'] 2 [Mo 3 S 7 A 6 ], where M' is a counter ion, and A is a halogen such as Cl, Br, or I, may be reacted with a ligand source such as a dialkyldithiocarbamate or dialkyldithiophosphate in the appropriate liquid(s)/solvent(s) to form an oil-soluble or dispersible trinuclear molybdenum compound.
- the appropriate liquid/solvent may be, for example, aqueous or organic.
- a compound's oil solubility or dispersibility may be influenced by the number of carbon atoms in the ligand's organo groups. Preferably, at least 21 total carbon atoms should be present among all the ligands' organo groups. Preferably, the ligand source chosen has a sufficient number of carbon atoms in its organo groups to render the compound soluble or dispersible in the lubricating composition.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may comprise either a dimeric or trimeric molybdenum compound or both.
- the total amount of oil-soluble molybdenum dithiocarbamate compounds will depend upon the particular performance requirements of the lubricating oil composition.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention contains a total amount of molybdenum dithiocarbamate compounds in an amount providing the composition with at least 450ppm of molybdenum (as measured according to ASTM D5185).
- the lubricating oil composition of all aspects of the present invention may contain the molybdenum compound in an amount providing the composition with up to 2000 ppm, or up to 1500ppm or up to 1200ppm, or up to 800 ppm of molybdenum (as measured according to ASTM D5185).
- the molybdenum dithiocarbamate compound (C) provides the lubricating oil composition with from 600 to 900 ppm molybdenum.
- the dimeric molybdenum dithiocarbamate and/or the trimeric molybdenum dithiocarbamate are the sole sources of molybdenum atoms in the lubricating oil composition.
- the lubricating oil composition comprises both dimeric and trimeric oil soluble molybdenum dithiocarbamate.
- the lubricating oil of all aspects of the present invention may also comprise one or more additional conventional additives, including, but not limited to metal containing or ashless detergent, ashless antioxidant, antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers and dispersants.
- additional conventional additives including, but not limited to metal containing or ashless detergent, ashless antioxidant, antiwear additives, corrosion inhibitors, rust inhibitors, viscosity index improvers and dispersants.
- the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention include an aminic friction modifier having a structure according to Formula (IV) below:
- the total amount of aminic friction modifier of Formula (IV) in the lubricating oil composition of all aspects of the present invention does not exceed 5 mass %, based on the total mass of the lubricating oil composition and preferably does not exceed 2 mass % and more preferably does not exceed 0.5 mass %.
- the aminic friction modifier of Formula (IV) is present, in the lubricating oil composition of all aspects of the present invention, in an amount of from 0.1 to 1.0, more preferably 0.1 to 0.5, even more preferably 0.1 to 0.3, mass %.
- Dispersants are additives whose primary function is to hold solid and liquid contaminations in suspension, thereby passivating them and reducing engine deposits at the same time as reducing sludge depositions.
- a dispersant maintains in suspension oil-insoluble substances that result from oxidation during use of the lubricant, thus preventing sludge flocculation and precipitation or deposition on metal parts of the engine.
- Dispersants are usually "ashless", being non-metallic organic materials that form substantially no ash on combustion, in contrast to metal-containing, and hence ash-forming materials. They comprise a long hydrocarbon chain with a polar head, the polarity being derived from inclusion of e.g. an O, P, or N atom.
- the hydrocarbon is an oleophilic group that confers oil-solubility, having, for example 40 to 500 carbon atoms.
- ashless dispersants may comprise an oil-soluble polymeric backbone.
- the ashless dispersant suitable for all aspects of the present invention is preferably an ashless, nitrogen-containing dispersant.
- Suitable ashless dispersant may be made from polyalkenes that have been functionalised exclusively by the thermal "ene” reaction, a known reaction.
- polyalkenes are mixtures having predominantly terminal vinylidene groups, such at least 65, e.g. 70, more preferably at least 85, %.
- HR-PIB highly reactive polyisobutene
- US-A-4 152 499 describes the preparations of such polymers.
- the ashless dispersant may be made from polyalkenes that have been functionalised by the so-called chlorination method, which results in a product where minor percentage of its polymer chains (e.g. less than 20%) have terminal vinylidene groups.
- Mixtures of monounsaturated carboxylic materials (i) - (iv) also may be used.
- the monounsaturation of the monounsaturated carboxylic reactant becomes saturated.
- maleic anhydride becomes polyalkene-substituted succinic anhydride
- acrylic acid becomes polyalkene-substituted propionic acid.
- Such monounsaturated carboxylic reactants are fumaric acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, maleic anhydride, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, cinnamic acid, and lower alkyl (e.g., C 1 to C 4 alkyl) acid esters of the foregoing, e.g., methyl maleate, ethyl fumarate, and methyl fumarate.
- monounsaturated carboxylic reactants typically will be used in an amount ranging from equimolar to 100, preferably 5 to 50, wt. % excess, based on the moles of polyalkene. Unreacted excess monounsaturated carboxylic reactant can be removed from the final dispersant product by, for example, stripping, usually under vacuum, if required.
- the functionalised oil-soluble polyalkene is then derivatized with a nucleophilic reactant, such as an amine, amino-alcohol, alcohol, or mixture thereof, to form a corresponding derivative containing the dispersant.
- a nucleophilic reactant such as an amine, amino-alcohol, alcohol, or mixture thereof.
- Useful amine compounds for derivatizing functionalized polymers comprise at least one amine and can comprise one or more additional amine or other reactive or polar groups. These amines may be hydrocarbyl amines or may be predominantly hydrocarbyl amines in which the hydrocarbyl group includes other groups, e.g., hydroxy groups, alkoxy groups, amide groups, nitriles and imidazoline groups.
- Particularly useful amine compounds include mono- and polyamines, e.g., polyalkene and polyoxyalkylene polyamines of 2 to 60, such as 2 to 40 (e.g., 3 to 20), total carbon atoms having 1 to 12, such as 3 to 12, preferably 3 to 9, most preferably 6 to 7, nitrogen atoms per molecule. Mixtures of amine compounds may advantageously be used.
- Preferred amines are aliphatic saturated amines, including, for example, 1,2-diaminoethane; 1,3-diaminopropane; 1,4-diaminobutane; 1,6-diaminohexane; polyethylene amines such as diethylene triamine; triethylene tetramine; tetraethylene pentamine; and polypropyleneamines such as 1,2-propylene diamine; and di-(1,2-propylene)triamine.
- Such polyamine mixtures known as PAM
- Particularly preferred polyamine mixtures are mixtures derived by distilling the light ends from PAM products. The resulting mixtures, known as "heavy" PAM, or HPAM, are also commercially available.
- amine compounds include: alicyclic diamines such as 1,4-di(aminomethyl) cyclohexane and heterocyclic nitrogen compounds such as imidazolines.
- Another useful class of amines is the polyamido and related amido-amines as disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,857,217 ; 4,956,107 ; 4,963,275 ; and 5,229,022 .
- TAM tris(hydroxymethyl)amino methane
- Dendrimers, star-like amines, and comb-structured amines may also be used.
- condensed amines as described in U.S. Patent No. 5,053,152 may be used.
- the functionalized polymer is reacted with the amine compound using conventional techniques as described, for example, in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,234,435 and 5,229,022 , as well as in EP-A-208,560 .
- a dispersant of the present invention preferably comprises at least one dispersant that is derived from polyalkenyl-substituted mono- or dicarboxylic acid, anhydride or ester, which has from greater than 1.3 to 1.7, preferably from greater than 1.3 to 1.6, most preferably from greater than 1.3 to 1.5, functional groups (mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties) per polyalkenyl moiety (a medium functionality dispersant).
- SAP is the saponification number (i.e., the number of milligrams of KOH consumed in the complete neutralization of the acid groups in one gram of the succinic-containing reaction product, as determined according to ASTM D94); M n is the number average molecular weight of the starting olefin polymer; A.I. is the percent active ingredient of the succinic-containing reaction product (the remainder being unreacted olefin polymer, succinic anhydride and diluent); and MW is the molecular weight of the mono- or dicarboxylic acid producing moieties (e.g., 98 for maleic anhydride).
- each mono- or dicarboxylic acid-producing moiety will react with a nucleophilic group (amine, alcohol, amide or ester polar moieties) and the number of functional groups in the polyalkenyl-substituted carboxylic acylating agent will determine the number of nucleophilic groups in the finished dispersant.
- a nucleophilic group amine, alcohol, amide or ester polar moieties
- the polyalkenyl moiety of the dispersant of the present invention may have a number average molecular weight of at least 900, suitably at least 1500, preferably between 1800 and 3000, such as between 2000 and 2800, more preferably from about 2100 to 2500, and most preferably from about 2200 to about 2400.
- the molecular weight of a dispersant is generally expressed in terms of the molecular weight of the polyalkenyl moiety; this is because the precise molecular weight range of the dispersant depends on numerous parameters including the type of polymer used to derive the dispersant, the number of functional groups, and the type of nucleophilic group employed.
- Polymer molecular weight can be determined by various known techniques.
- One convenient method is gel permeation chromatography (GPC), which additionally provides molecular weight distribution information (see W. W. Yau, J. J. Kirkland and D. D. Bly, "Modern Size Exclusion Liquid Chromatography", John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1979 ).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- Another useful method for determining molecular weight, particularly for lower molecular weight polymers is vapor pressure osmometry (see, e.g., ASTM D3592).
- the polyalkenyl moiety in a dispersant of the present invention preferably has a narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD), also referred to as polydispersity, as determined by the ratio of weight average molecular weight (M w ) to number average molecular weight (M n ).
- MWD molecular weight distribution
- M w weight average molecular weight
- M n number average molecular weight
- Suitable polymers have a polydispersity of from about 1.5 to 2.1, preferably from about 1.6 to about 1.8.
- Suitable polyalkenes employed in the formation of the dispersants of the present invention include homopolymers, interpolymers or lower molecular weight hydrocarbons.
- such polymers comprise interpolymers of ethylene and at least one alpha-olefin of the above formula, wherein R 1 is alkyl of from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and more preferably is alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably still of from 1 to 2 carbon atoms
- polymers prepared by cationic polymerization of monomers such as isobutene and styrene Common polymers from this class include polyisobutenes obtained by polymerization of a C 4 refinery stream having a butene content of 35 to 75% by wt., and an isobutene content of 30 to 60% by wt., by the thermal "ene" reaction.
- a preferred source of monomer for making poly-n-butenes is petroleum feedstreams such as Raffinate II. These feedstocks are disclosed in the art such as in U.S. Patent No. 4,952,739 .
- a preferred embodiment utilizes polyisobutylene prepared from a pure isobutylene stream or a Raffinate I stream to prepare reactive isobutylene polymers with terminal vinylidene olefins as described above.
- the dispersant(s) of the invention are preferably mono- or bis-succinimides.
- the dispersant(s) of the present invention can be borated by conventional means, as generally taught in U.S. Patent Nos. 3,087,936 , 3,254,025 and 5,430,105 . Boration of the dispersant is readily accomplished by treating an acyl nitrogen-containing dispersant with a boron compound such as boron oxide, boron halide boron acids, and esters of boron acids, in an amount sufficient to provide from 0.1 to 20 atomic proportions of boron for each mole of acylated nitrogen composition.
- a boron compound such as boron oxide, boron halide boron acids, and esters of boron acids
- the boron which appears in the product as dehydrated boric acid polymers (primarily (HBO 2 ) 3 ), is believed to attach, for example, to dispersant imides and diimides as amine salts, e.g., the metaborate salt of the diimide.
- Boration can be carried out by adding a sufficient quantity of a boron compound, preferably boric acid, usually as a slurry, to the acyl nitrogen compound and heating with stirring at from 135C to 190, e.g., 140 to 170, °C, for from 1 to 5 hours, followed by nitrogen stripping.
- the boron treatment can be conducted by adding boric acid to a hot reaction mixture of the dicarboxylic acid material and amine, while removing water. Other post-reaction processes known in the art can also be applied.
- the lubricating oil composition may contain from 1 to 20, such as 1 to 15, preferably 1 to 10, mass %, more preferably from 2 to 5 mass% dispersant.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises from 200-500 ppm boron from a borated dispersant.
- Metal-containing detergents function both as detergents to reduce or remove deposits and as acid neutralizers or rust inhibitors, thereby reducing wear and corrosion and extending engine life.
- Detergents generally comprise a polar head with a long hydrophobic tail, with the polar head comprising a metal salt of an acidic organic compound.
- the salts may contain a substantially stoichiometric amount of the metal in which case they are usually described as normal or neutral salts, and would typically have a total base number or TBN (as can be measured by ASTM D2896) of from 0 to 80 mg KOH/g.
- a large amount of a metal base may be incorporated by reacting excess metal compound (e.g., an oxide or hydroxide) with an acidic gas (e.g., carbon dioxide).
- the resulting overbased detergent comprises neutralized detergent as the outer layer of a metal base (e.g. carbonate) micelle.
- Such overbased detergents may have a TBN of 150 mg KOH/g or greater, and typically will have a TBN of from 250 to 450 mg KOH/g or more.
- the amount of overbased detergent can be reduced, or detergents having reduced levels of overbasing (e.g., detergents having a TBN of 100 to 200 mg KOH/g), or neutral detergents can be employed, resulting in a corresponding reduction in the SASH content of the lubricating oil composition without a reduction in the performance thereof.
- detergents having reduced levels of overbasing e.g., detergents having a TBN of 100 to 200 mg KOH/g
- neutral detergents can be employed, resulting in a corresponding reduction in the SASH content of the lubricating oil composition without a reduction in the performance thereof.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention further comprises at least one metal-containing detergent additive.
- Detergents that may be used include oil-soluble neutral and overbased sulfonates, phenates, sulfurized phenates, thiophosphonates, salicylates, and naphthenates and other oil-soluble carboxylates of a metal, particularly the alkali or alkaline earth metals, e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and magnesium.
- a metal particularly the alkali or alkaline earth metals, e.g., sodium, potassium, lithium, calcium, and magnesium.
- the most commonly used metals are calcium and magnesium, which may both be present in detergents used in a lubricating oil composition according to any aspect of the present invention. Combinations of detergents, whether overbased or neutral or both, may be used.
- Sulfonates may be prepared from sulfonic acids which are typically obtained by the sulfonation of alkyl substituted aromatic hydrocarbons such as those obtained from the fractionation of petroleum or by the alkylation of aromatic hydrocarbons. Examples included those obtained by alkylating benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, diphenyl or their halogen derivatives such as chlorobenzene, chlorotoluene and chloronaphthalene.
- the alkylation may be carried out in the presence of a catalyst with alkylating agents having from about 3 to more than 70 carbon atoms.
- the alkaryl sulfonates usually contain from about 9 to about 80 or more carbon atoms, preferably from about 16 to about 60 carbon atoms per alkyl substituted aromatic moiety.
- the oil soluble sulfonates or alkaryl sulfonic acids may be neutralized with oxides, hydroxides, alkoxides, carbonates, carboxylate, sulfides, hydrosulfides, nitrates, borates and ethers of the metal.
- the amount of metal compound is chosen having regard to the desired TBN of the final product but typically ranges from about 100 to 220 mass % (preferably at least 125 mass %) of that stoichiometrically required.
- Metal salts of phenols and sulfurized phenols are prepared by reaction with an appropriate metal compound such as an oxide or hydroxide and neutral or overbased products may be obtained by methods well known in the art.
- Sulfurized phenols may be prepared by reacting a phenol with sulfur or a sulfur containing compound such as hydrogen sulfide, sulfur monohalide or sulfur dihalide, to form products which are generally mixtures of compounds in which 2 or more phenols are bridged by sulfur containing bridges.
- Carboxylate detergents e.g., salicylates
- an aromatic carboxylic acid can contain an appropriate metal compound such as an oxide or hydroxide and neutral or overbased products may be obtained by methods well known in the art.
- the aromatic moiety of the aromatic carboxylic acid can contain heteroatoms, such as nitrogen and oxygen. Preferably, the moiety contains only carbon atoms; more preferably the moiety contains six or more carbon atoms; for example benzene is a preferred moiety.
- the aromatic carboxylic acid may contain one or more aromatic moieties, such as one or more benzene rings, either fused or connected via alkylene bridges.
- Preferred substituents in oil-soluble salicylic acids are alkyl substituents.
- the alkyl groups advantageously contain 5 to 100, preferably 9 to 30, especially 14 to 20, carbon atoms. Where there is more than one alkyl group, the average number of carbon atoms in all of the alkyl groups is preferably at least 9 to ensure adequate oil solubility.
- Lubricating oil compositions of the present invention preferably comprise one or more metal detergents that are neutral or overbased alkali or alkaline earth metal salicylates.
- Highly preferred salicylate detergents include alkaline earth metal salicylates, particularly magnesium and calcium, especially, calcium salicylates.
- the metal salicylate may be the sole metal-containing detergent present in the lubricating oil composition of all aspects of the present invention.
- other metal-containing detergents such as metal sulfonates or phenates, may be present in the lubricating composition.
- the salicylate detergent provides the majority of the detergent additive in the lubricating oil composition.
- the total amount of metal-containing detergent additive present in the lubricating oil composition according to any aspect of the present invention is suitably in the range of 0.1-10 mass%, preferably from 0.5 to 5 mass% on an active matter basis.
- Anti-wear additives reduce friction and excessive wear and are usually based on compounds containing sulfur or phosphorous or both, for example that are capable of depositing polysulfide films on the surfaces involved.
- the metal may be an alkali or alkaline earth metal, or aluminium, lead, tin, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, copper, or preferably, zinc.
- Dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate metal salts may be prepared in accordance with known techniques by first forming a dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid (DDPA), usually by reaction of one or more alcohols or a phenol with P 2 S 5 and then neutralizing the formed DDPA with a metal compound.
- DDPA dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphoric acid
- a dithiophosphoric acid may be made by reacting mixtures of primary and secondary alcohols.
- dithiophosphoric acids can be prepared where the hydrocarbyl groups are entirely secondary in character or the hydrocarbyl groups on are entirely primary in character.
- any basic or neutral metal compound could be used but the oxides, hydroxides and carbonates are most generally employed. Commercial additives frequently contain an excess of metal due to the use of an excess of the basic metal compound in the neutralization reaction.
- ZDDP zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphates
- R and R' may be the same or different hydrocarbyl radicals containing from 1 to 18, preferably 2 to 12, carbon atoms and including radicals such as alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, arylalkyl, alkaryl and cycloaliphatic radicals.
- Particularly preferred as R and R' groups are alkyl groups of 2 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the radicals may, for example, be ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, sec-butyl, amyl, n-hexyl, i-hexyl, n-octyl, decyl, dodecyl, octadecyl, 2-ethylhexyl, phenyl, butylphenyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclopentyl, propenyl, butenyl.
- the total number of carbon atoms (i.e. R and R') in the dithiophosphoric acid will generally be about 5 or greater.
- the zinc dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate can therefore comprise zinc dialkyl dithiophosphates.
- the ZDDP is added to the lubricating oil compositions in amounts sufficient to provide at least 500 ppm such as at least 600ppm or at least 800ppm by mass of phosphorous to the lubricating oil, based upon the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, and as measured in accordance with ASTM D5185.
- the ZDDP is suitably added to the lubricating oil compositions in amounts sufficient to provide no more than 1200 ppm or, preferably no more than 1000ppm, by mass of phosphorous to the lubricating oil, based upon the total mass of the lubricating oil composition, and as measured in accordance with ASTM D5185.
- Viscosity modifiers function to impart high and low temperature operability to a lubricating oil.
- the VM used may have that sole function, or may be multifunctional.
- Multifunctional viscosity modifiers that also function as dispersants are also known.
- Suitable viscosity modifiers are polyisobutylene, copolymers of ethylene and propylene and higher alpha-olefins, polymethacrylates, polyalkylmethacrylates, methacrylate copolymers, copolymers of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and a vinyl compound, inter polymers of styrene and acrylic esters, and partially hydrogenated copolymers of styrene/ isoprene, styrene/butadiene, and isoprene/butadiene, as well as the partially hydrogenated homopolymers of butadiene and isoprene and isoprene/divinylbenzene.
- Suitable viscosity modifiers for all aspects of the present invention are copolymers of an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid and a vinyl compound, inter polymers of styrene and acrylic esters, and, most preferably, partially hydrogenated copolymers of styrene/ isoprene, styrene/butadiene, and isoprene/butadiene, as well as the partially hydrogenated homopolymers of butadiene and isoprene and isoprene/divinylbenzene.
- the preferred partially hydrogenated copolymers of styrene/ isoprene, styrene/butadiene, and isoprene/butadiene may be random copolymers but are preferably block copolymers.
- the preferred, partially hydrogenated copolymers of styrene/isoprene, styrene/butadiene, and isoprene/butadiene, and partially hydrogenated homopolymers of butadiene and isoprene and isoprene/divinylbenzene viscosity modifiers may be linear polymers or star (radial) polymers.
- Linear block copolymers useful in the practice of the present invention may be represented by the following general formula: A z -(B-A) y -B x wherein:
- Useful tapered linear block copolymers may be represented by the following general formula: A-A/B-B wherein:
- Star or radial homopolymers or random copolymers of diene(s) may be represented, generally, by the following general formula: (B) n -C wherein:
- Star or radial block copolymers may be represented, generally, by the following general formula: (B x -(A-B) y -A z ) n -C; and (B' x -(A-B) y -A z ) n' -C(B') n" wherein:
- the term "predominantly” means that the specified monomer or monomer type which is the principle component in that polymer block is present in an amount of at least 85% by weight of the block.
- the lubricating oil composition according to all aspects of the present invention may comprise one or more star polymer viscosity modifier one or more linear polymer viscosity modifier or a mixture of linear and star polymer viscosity modifiers.
- Oil-soluble viscosity modifying polymers generally have weight average molecular weights of from 10,000 to 1,000,000, preferably 20,000 to 500,000, which may be determined by gel permeation chromatography or by light scattering.
- the viscosity modifier comprises a polymethacrylate, polyalkylmethacrylate or methacrylate copolymer viscosity modifier.
- the polymethacrylate, polyalkylmethacrylate or methacrylate copolymer viscosity modifier is the only viscosity modifier in the lubricating oil composition.
- Anti-oxidants sometimes referred to as oxidation inhibitors, increase the resistance of the composition to oxidation and may work by combining with and modifying peroxides to render them harmless, by decomposing peroxides, or by rendering oxidation catalysts inert. Oxidative deterioration can be evidenced by sludge in the lubricant, varnish-like deposits on the metal surfaces, and by viscosity increase.
- Suitable antioxidants are selected from copper-containing antioxidants, sulfur-containing antioxidants, aromatic amine-containing antioxidants, hindered phenolic antioxidants and dithiophosphates derivative.
- Preferred anti-oxidants are ashless antioxidants.
- Preferred ashless antioxidants are ashless aromatic amine-containing antioxidants, ashless hindered phenolic antioxidants and mixtures thereof.
- one or more antioxidant is present in a lubricating oil composition of all aspects of the present invention.
- a lubricating oil composition of the present invention comprises a combination of aromatic amine antioxidants and hindered phenolic antioxidant and optionally also a sulfurized olefin antioxidant.
- Rust inhibitors selected from the group consisting of nonionic polyoxyalkylene polyols and esters thereof, polyoxyalkylene phenols, and anionic alkyl sulfonic acids may be used.
- no copper-containing additives are present in the lubricating oil composition.
- a small amount of a demulsifying component may be used.
- a preferred demulsifying component is described in EP 330522 . It is obtained by reacting an alkylene oxide with an adduct obtained by reacting a bis-epoxide with a polyhydric alcohol.
- the demulsifier should be used at a level not exceeding 0.1 mass % active ingredient. A treat rate of 0.001 to 0.05 mass % active ingredient is convenient.
- Pour point depressants otherwise known as lube oil flow improvers, lower the minimum temperature at which the fluid will flow or can be poured.
- Such additives are well known. Typical of those additives which improve the low temperature fluidity of the fluid are C 8 to C 18 dialkyl fumarate/vinyl acetate copolymers, polyalkylmethacrylates and the like.
- Foam control can be provided by many compounds including an antifoamant of the polysiloxane type, for example, silicone oil or polydimethyl siloxane.
- Additive Mass % Mass % (Broad) (Preferred) Corrosion Inhibitor 0 - 5 0 - 1.0 Metal Dihydrocarbyl Dithiophosphate 0 - 10 0 - 4 Anti-Oxidants 0 - 5 0.01 - 3 Pour Point Depressant 0.01 - 5 0.01 - 1.5 Anti-Foaming Agent 0 - 5 0.001 - 0.15 Viscosity Modifier (1) 0 - 10 0.01 - 4 Mineral or Synthetic Base Oil Balance Balance (1) Viscosity modifiers are used only in multi-graded oils.
- the final lubricating oil composition typically made by blending the or each additive into the base oil, may contain from 5 to 25, preferably 5 to 18, typically 7 to 15, mass % of the additives; the remainder being oil of lubricating viscosity.
- additives can provide a multiplicity of effects, for example, a single additive may act as a dispersant and as an oxidation inhibitor.
- each of the components can be added directly to the base stock or base oil blend by dispersing or dissolving it in the base stock or base oil blend at the desired level of concentration. Such blending may occur at ambient or elevated temperatures.
- all the additives except for the viscosity modifier and the pour point depressant are blended into a concentrate or additive package described herein as the additive package that is subsequently blended into base stock to make the finished lubricant.
- the concentrate will typically be formulated to contain the additive(s) in proper amounts to provide the desired concentration in the final formulation when the concentrate is combined with a predetermined amount of a base lubricant.
- the concentrate is preferably made in accordance with the method described in US 4,938,880 . That patent describes making a pre-mix of ashless dispersant and metal detergents that is pre-blended at a temperature of at least about 100°C. Thereafter, the pre-mix is cooled to at least 85°C and the additional components are added.
- the final crankcase lubricating oil formulation may employ from 2 to 20, preferably 4 to 18, and most preferably 5 to 17, mass % of the concentrate or additive package with the remainder being base stock.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may have a sulphated ash content of less than or equal to 1.2, preferably less than or equal to 1.1, more preferably less than or equal to 1.0, mass % (ASTM D874) based on the total mass of the composition.
- the lubricating oil composition of the present invention suitably has a sulphated ash content of at least 0.4, preferably at least 0.5, such as at least 0.6 mass % (ASTM D874) based on the total mass of the composition.
- the sulphated ash content of the lubricating oil composition is in the range of 0.4-1.2 mass%, preferably in the range of 0.6 to 1.0 mass% (ASTM D874).
- the amount of sulfur in the lubricating oil composition will depend upon the particular application of the lubricating oil composition.
- the lubricating oil composition may contain sulphur in an amount of up to 0.4, such as, up to 0.35 mass % sulphur (ASTM D2622) based on the total mass of the composition.
- sulphur in an amount of up to 0.4, such as, up to 0.35 mass % sulphur (ASTM D2622) based on the total mass of the composition.
- ASTM D2622 mass sulphur
- the lubricating oil composition of all aspects and embodiments of the present invention may have a total base number (TBN), as measured in accordance with ASTM D2896, of 4 to 15, preferably 4 to 10 mg KOH/g.
- TBN total base number
- the Schwingung Reibung Verschleiss "SRV”, supplied by Optimol, is used to evaluate friction and wear properties of liquid lubricants across a broad range of applications.
- the test oil forms a film in between a ball and disk, the ball is engaged in a sliding or reciprocating stroke across the disk and friction between the metal-metal contact is measured. This is used to evaluate the boundary regime friction characteristics of the oils.
- Oils 2 and 4 containing a combination of molybdenum compound with Irgamet 39 exhibits significantly lower coefficient of friction than the corresponding oil without the Irgamet 39.
- Table 4 illustrates that addition of an ethoxylated amine friction modifier to a lubricant containing a combination of molybdenum dithiocarbamate and a benzotriazole derivative further reduced the coefficient of friction.
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Claims (14)
- Schmierölzusammensetzung für Automobilmotoren, die(A) Basisöl mit Schmierviskosität,(B) mindestens ein Benzotriazolderivat, das durch Formel (I) wiedergegeben wird:(C) mindestens eine Molybdändithiocarbamatverbindung, die durch entweder Formel (II) oder Formel (III) wiedergegeben wird:
Formel (III) Mo3SkLnQz ,
in der L unabhängig ausgewählte Liganden mit Organogruppen mit einer ausreichenden Anzahl von Kohlenstoffatomen sind, um die Verbindung in dem Öl löslich oder dispergierbar zu machen, n 1 bis 4 ist, k 4 bis 7 ist, Q ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe von neutralen Elektronendonorverbindungen, wie Wasser, Aminen, Alkoholen, Phosphinen und Ethern, und z im Bereich von 0 bis 5 liegt und nicht-stöchiometrische Werte einschließt, und(D) ein oder mehrere zusätzliche Additive ausgewählt aus metallhaltigen oder aschefreien Detergentien, aschefreien Antioxidantien, Antiverschleißadditiven, Korrosionsschutzmitteln, Rostschutzmitteln, Viskositätsindexverbesserern und Dispergiermitteln,umfasst, wobei die Schmierölzusammensetzung eine Gesamtmenge von 450 bis 2000 ppm Molybdän aus Komponenten (C) umfasst, und wobei das Benzotriazolderivat (B) in dem Schmieröl in einer Menge von 0,01 bis 0,04 Gew.-% vorhanden ist, bezogen auf aktiven Bestandteil. - Schmierölzusammensetzung für Automobilmotoren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei der die Molybdändithiocarbamatverbindung (C) nur ein dimeres Molybdändithiocarbamat der Formel (II) umfasst.
- Schmierölzusammensetzung für Automobilmotoren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei der die Molybdändithiocarbamatverbindung (C) eine Mischung aus dimerem Molybdändithiocarbamat der Formel (II) und trimerem Molybdändithiocarbamat der Formel (III) umfasst.
- Schmierölzusammensetzung für Automobilmotoren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der die Molybdändithiocarbamatverbindung (C) der Schmierölzusammensetzung 600 bis 900 ppm Molybdän bereitstellt.
- Schmierölzusammensetzung für Automobilmotoren nach Anspruch 6, bei der die Menge an aminischem Reibungsmodifizierungsmittel der Formel (IV) in der Schmierölzusammensetzung 5 Massen.% nicht überschreitet, bezogen auf die Gesamtmasse der Schmierölzusammensetzung, und vorzugsweise 2 Massen-% nicht überschreitet, und insbesondere 0,5 Massen-% nicht überschreitet.
- Schmierölzusammensetzung für Automobilmotoren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der die Schmierölzusammensetzung des Weiteren ein oder mehrere Metalldetergentien umfasst, die neutrale oder überbasische Alkali- oder Erdalkalimetallsalicylate sind, vorzugsweise neutrales oder überbasisches Magnesium- und/oder Calciumsalicylat-Detergens.
- Schmierölzusammensetzung für Automobilmotoren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei der die Schmierölzusammensetzung des Weiteren ein oder mehrere öllösliche Zinkdikohlenwasserstoffdithiophosphate umfasst, die vorzugsweise nur sekundäre Alkylgruppen umfassen.
- Verfahren zum Schmieren eines Automobilmotors, bei dem der Motor mit einer Schmierölzusammensetzung für Automobilmotoren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche geschmiert wird.
- Verwendung von mindestens einem Benzotriazolderivat (B), wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 definiert, bei der Schmierung eines Automobilmotors als Additiv in einer effektiven geringeren Menge in einer Schmierölzusammensetzung, die Basisöl mit Schmierviskosität (A) und mindestens eine Molybdändithiocarbamatverbindung (C), wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 definiert, umfasst, um die Reibungsverminderungsleistungseigenschaften der Molybdändithiocarbamatverbindung(en) (C) während des Betriebs des Automobilmotors zu verbessern, wobei die Molybdändithiocarbamatverbindung(en) der Schmierölzusammensetzung 100 bis 2000 ppm Molybdän bereitstellt bzw. bereitstellen.
- Verwendung der Kombination von mindestens einem Benzotriazolderivat (B), wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 definiert, und mindestens einer Molybdändithiocarbamatverbindung (C), wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 definiert, bei der Schmierung von Automobilmotoren als Kombination von Additiven in einer effektiven geringeren Menge in einer Schmierölzusammensetzung, die Basisöl mit Schmierviskosität (A) umfasst, um die Reibungsverminderung der Schmierölzusammensetzung während des Betriebs des Automobilmotors zu verbessern, wobei die Molybdändithiocarbamatverbindung(en) (C) der Schmierölzusammensetzung 100 bis 2000 ppm Molybdän bereitstellt bzw. bereitstellen.
- Verwendung der Kombination von mindestens einem Benzotriazolderivat (B), wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 definiert, und mindestens einer Molybdändithiocarbamatverbindung (C), wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 definiert, bei der Schmierung von Automobilmotoren als Kombination von Additiven in einer effektiven geringeren Menge in einer Schmierölzusammensetzung, die Basisöl mit Schmierviskosität (A) umfasst, um den Kraftstoffverbrauch des Automobilmotors während des Betriebs des Motors zu verbessern, wobei die Molybdändithiocarbamatverbindung(en) (C) der Schmierölzusammensetzung 100 bis 2000 ppm Molybdän bereitstellt bzw. bereitstellen.
- Verwendung nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, bei der der Automobilmotor bei Temperaturen unter 80°C betrieben wird.
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KR20230095094A (ko) * | 2020-10-28 | 2023-06-28 | 셰브런 유.에스.에이.인크. | 황 및 황산화 회분 함량이 낮고 몰리브덴 및 붕소 화합물을 함유하는 재생가능한 베이스 오일을 포함하는 윤활유 조성물 |
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US3087936A (en) | 1961-08-18 | 1963-04-30 | Lubrizol Corp | Reaction product of an aliphatic olefinpolymer-succinic acid producing compound with an amine and reacting the resulting product with a boron compound |
GB989409A (en) | 1962-08-24 | 1965-04-14 | Gen Electric | Organopolysiloxane compositions |
CA1048507A (en) | 1974-03-27 | 1979-02-13 | Jack Ryer | Additive useful in oleaginous compositions |
US4113639A (en) | 1976-11-11 | 1978-09-12 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Lubricating oil composition containing a dispersing-varnish inhibiting combination of an oxazoline compound and an acyl nitrogen compound |
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-
2019
- 2019-02-18 EP EP19157843.4A patent/EP3546549B1/de active Active
- 2019-03-19 US US16/357,925 patent/US20190300810A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-03-26 SG SG10201902658W patent/SG10201902658WA/en unknown
- 2019-03-26 CN CN201910230614.1A patent/CN110305717A/zh active Pending
- 2019-03-27 CA CA3038157A patent/CA3038157C/en active Active
- 2019-03-27 JP JP2019059804A patent/JP7149887B2/ja active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP7149887B2 (ja) | 2022-10-07 |
US20190300810A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
CA3038157C (en) | 2023-11-07 |
SG10201902658WA (en) | 2019-10-30 |
CN110305717A (zh) | 2019-10-08 |
CA3038157A1 (en) | 2019-09-27 |
EP3546549A1 (de) | 2019-10-02 |
KR20190113613A (ko) | 2019-10-08 |
JP2019173000A (ja) | 2019-10-10 |
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