EP3417111A1 - Élément de sous-couche pour digue à talus, et procédés associés de fabrication de sous couche et de digue - Google Patents
Élément de sous-couche pour digue à talus, et procédés associés de fabrication de sous couche et de digueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3417111A1 EP3417111A1 EP17713340.2A EP17713340A EP3417111A1 EP 3417111 A1 EP3417111 A1 EP 3417111A1 EP 17713340 A EP17713340 A EP 17713340A EP 3417111 A1 EP3417111 A1 EP 3417111A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pads
- underlayment
- underlayer
- core
- embankment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 101100365570 Schizosaccharomyces pombe (strain 972 / ATCC 24843) sfc3 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001067759 Senta Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012550 audit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 210000004233 talus Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009941 weaving Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
- E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
- E02B3/123—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips mainly consisting of stone, concrete or similar stony material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
Definitions
- the present invention relates to embankment dams, or rip rap, which can be built at sea to stop the marine swell.
- the invention particularly relates to the underlayer, or filter layer, which is made during the construction of such a dike, prior art
- embankment dike The materials composing a embankment dike are generally arranged in the form having u3 ⁇ 4 sfc3 ⁇ 4! trapezoid whose base rests on the ground, under water, and dont1 ⁇ 4,!> NRRN 'flat called berm above the water.
- the core may consist of any material or mixture of materials available on site and making it possible to achieve a large volume at a lower cost, for example materials coming from quarries graduated from 0 to 1 ton or more, or sand or clay [006]
- the underlayer is an underlay of pebbles placed between the core and the shell blocks. This sublayer must provide two essential functions.
- the first function is to ensure sufficient impermeability to play a role of granulometric filter that prevents the leakage of fine materials component kernel. This role is essential to prevent the finer elements of the core from crossing the shell, which would cause a general settlement of the dike. It is therefore important that the dimensions of the spaces between the blocks forming the underlayer are controlled.
- the second function of this sub-layer is to pèi trains a good maintenance of the carapace blocks, offering adaffée roughness. This roughness is calibrated according to the size of the shell blocks to cover the underlayer.
- the shell which aims to ensure the staB i of the entire embankment dam to resist the swell, is composed of natural rock blocks or, most often, concrete, weighing I p! Y
- a prepere difficulty is related to the availability of calibrated natural rockfill. Rip-offs may not be available in the area where embankment digging is required. In other cases, available riprap is poorly calibrated or not calibrated at all. This difficulty in having properly calibrated natural stones, in particular for producing the underlayer, can generate significant additional costs.
- Another difficulty is related to the stability of the underlayer against the swell, during the construction of the dike, between the time when the underlay is built and the moment when the shell blocks are laid.
- the small size and the lack of nesting of the blocks or stones forming the underlayer makes them indeed unstable.
- a strong swell arriving before the laying of the carapace can thus destroying part or all of the slope, which generates significant additional costs and delays in the execution of the work.
- a third difficulty is posed by the planimetry and the roughness defects of the slopes of the slope and the horizontal berm.
- the underlayer forms a support which must respect strict tolerances established with respect to the size of the carapace blocks.
- the underlayer must be composed of blocks having heights of the order of H / 6, H / 10 and H / 12.
- the installation of riprap forming the undercoat, meeting these requirements allocation blocks Differ nt heights, is difficult to achieve under water, even with the assistance of acoustic tools. It is, therefore, generally necessary to proceed, with the assistance of divers, to position adjustments of the underlayment blocks before or during the laying of the carapace blocks, which entails significant costs. Objectives of the invention
- the present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages of the prior art.
- the present invention aims to facilitate const uction operations of a breakwater, allowing to achieve an undercoat pre senta a suitable calibration, good stability to withstand the swell and good distribution of blocks of different sizes to ensure the easy and effective installation of shell blocks.
- an underlayer element for a embankment embankment comprising a plurality of concrete pads, in which, according to the invention, said pads are assembled together by flexible connecting means so as to form a carpet.
- the underlayment element according to the invention thus makes it possible to form an easy underlayment to be laid on a embankment embankment, and whose components are directly placed in the desired position, without the risk of being displaced by the swell since there can not be isolated extraction of a concrete pad.
- the underlayer element of the invention may also include the following optional features considered in isolation or in any possible technical combination:
- the concrete pads are of different sizes which makes it possible to control and adjust the roughness of the underlayment element in order to cover it with the shells.
- the carpet has a square or rectangular shape
- said pads are formed of unreinforced concrete.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an underlayer element as described above, which comprises a step of casting a plurality of concrete pads, during which casting step the Flexible links are secured to the audits. [020] According to an advantageous embodiment, said casting step is performed such that at least one cable, forming part or all of said flexible connection means, passes through said pads to connect them to each other.
- said casting step is performed on a looped geotextile, so that the loops of said geotextile are taken in the concrete of said pads to connect them to each other.
- the looped geotextile may constitute the flexible connection means or add to the cables to form, with the cables, the flexible connection means.
- Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of a embankment embankment according to one embodiment of the invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic top view of an underlay mat according to one embodiment of the invention
- Figure 3 is a schematic top view of an underlay mat according to another embodiment of the invention
- Figure 4 is a partial schematic perspective view of the underlay mat of Figure 2;
- FIG. 5 is a partial schematic view, in perspective, of the underlay mat of FIG. 3.
- the finer elements of the material or materials constituting the core 1 1 are interposed between the interstices of the larger blocks, which effectively stops the swell.
- the core January 1 is covered, on at least one of its faces, by an underlayer 2.
- the underlayer 2 covers most of the berm 12 and a first inclined plane 13 of the dike 1, as well as a portion of the support 10 located at the foot of the inclined plane 13 of the dike 1.
- the underlayer 2 is covered, at the berm 12 and the inclined plane 13, by large blocks forming the shell 3.
- the portion of the underlayer 2 which covers the support 10, at the foot of the inclined plane 13, is also covered with large blocks so as to form a foot abutment 4.
- the second inclined plane 14 of the dike 1 is formed solely by the core 11, which is covered neither by the underlayer 2 nor by the shell 3.
- This embodiment of the invention applies to a dike 1 whose inclined plane 13 is subjected to erosion of the swell, while the inclined plane 14 is not subject to it.
- the sub-layer 2 covers the entire face of the dam 1 Likewise, it is possible to bring the dam known adaptations of man the trade, such as adding, deleting or changing foot stops, adding a EQU 3 ⁇ 4niiement on the berm, etc.
- the undercoat layer 2 is advantageously produced by depositing on the core 11 one or more elements e sublayer according to the invention, referred to as "underlay mat" in 3 ⁇ 4: p s3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4iè description, which are prefabricated before
- underlay mat in 3 ⁇ 4: p s3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4iè description, which are prefabricated before
- carrier in this specification refers to a set of components distributed in two dimensions so as to cover a surface, and assembled to each other so that the assembly remains unaffected. .
- FIG. 2 is generally rectangular in shape and has 24 studs.
- the person skilled in the art can, however, easily produce underlay mats of dimensions different, with a different number of pads arranged to form a rectangular or square carpet, or any other form adapted to the needs of a construction site of a embankment embankment.
- These pads 210 are assembled to each other, preferably by cables 29 (only some of the cables 29 are referenced in Figure 2) through the blocks 210 so as to create a mesh in two dimensions of pads 210.
- These cables 29 constitute flexible connection means assembling the pads together.
- the cables 29 crossing each other outside the studs 210 can be assembled together, or pass alternately above and below each other! in a manner of weaving, to ensure the cohesion of the neighboring studs which do not remain attached to the same cables,
- the assembly of the pads 210 thus forms a continuous belt, wherein each pad 210 is held by the cbiley i jàns a position close to the adjacent pads 210.
- the cables 29 may, for example, be made of steel, stainless steel or synthetic materials,
- the underlay mat 21 shown in Figure 2 consists of pads having the form of cubes 3 ⁇ 43 ⁇ 4t / or rectangular parallelepipeds.
- FIG. 3 shows a carpet 22, according to another possible embodiment, in which the concrete pads 220, which are connected to one another by means of cables 2 passing through the studs 220, have different shapes.
- cylindrical only some of the pads 220 and cables 29 are referenced in Figure 3.
- the homp3 ⁇ 4 By petier can imagine many other embodiments, metta3 ⁇ 4
- FIG. 4 shows a series of pads 210 of the underlay mat 21, connected to each other by a cable 29.
- FIG. 5 represents a series of pads 220 of the mat of sub-layer 22, connected to each other by a cable 29.
- the pads 210 or 220 have different sizes. More precisely, the heights of the studs are variable, between a minimum value and a maximum value which are determined according to the size of the shell blocks that will have to be placed on the underlayer 2.
- the geotextile 28 which has the effect of joining the studs 210 or 220 to the geotextile 28 and connecting the studs to each other, the geotextile 28 then constituting a flexible connection means assembling the studs together so as to form a carpet of undercoat.
- the filter effect results from the dimensions of the mesh of the geotextile.
- the filter effect can be doubled by the spacing and the shape of the pads, and by the mesh of the geotextile used.
- portions of cable 221 are partially integrated in some of the studs 220, allowing these studs 220 to emerge from loops 221 enabling the mat 22 to be hooked up in order to allow lifting.
- the manufacture of an underlay mat can be done before laying on the dike.
- the various pads constituting the carpet are cast clink molds, at least one cable being inserted into the studs to refer to each other. Molds adapted to allow the passage of çâ1 ⁇ 4
- e% may for example be used, as well as shims not shown, intended to maintain the cables so that they pass through the studs to re lubribity, When pouring, the upper surface of studs can be made of flat or rounded form.
- the studs are formed of unreinforced quion which meets the same manufacturing and quarry criteria as the concrete used for the manufacture of shell blocks, in particular being in accordance with the requirements of standard NF EN 206-1 (normative reference for all structural concretes).
- NF EN 206-1 node-to-everything
- the use of the same concrete as that of the carapace blocks makes it possible to optimize the resistance of the dike in the fmss saris necessitating the development of a new concrete formulation.
- the molds may have different shapes to give the pads the desired forr *.
- the pads can be cast in flexible molds so as to give the pads forms close to those of natural rock.
- the molds in which the studs are cast are open downwards, and are placed on a looped geotextile 28, so that the loops of this geotextile are embedded in the concrete of each of the pads.
- the studs are assembled to the geotextile 28.
- cable portions 221 are integrated in the pads, during their manufacture, to allow attachment of the underlay mat, to allow its lifting.
- the underlayment mat After its manufacture, the underlayment mat can be transported, for example by lifting it by the cable portions integrated in the pads, to the construction site of a slope embankment 1. It can then be spread over
- the underlayer 2 thus formed has components which are all assembled to each other, which allows it to withstand the swell better than the underlays of the prior art, pending the installation of the shell 3.
- the dimensions of each pad and its position relative to the neighboring pads can be decided according to the need, during the manufacture of the carpet. It is thus very easy to make an underlayer 2 in which the distribution and the Block dimensions provide the ideal roughness characteristics to effectively support the shell 4.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1600253A FR3047750A1 (fr) | 2016-02-15 | 2016-02-15 | Sous-couche artificielle pour carapace de digue |
PCT/FR2017/050334 WO2017140980A1 (fr) | 2016-02-15 | 2017-02-14 | Element de sous-couche pour digue a talus, et procedes associes de fabrication de sous couche et de digue |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3417111A1 true EP3417111A1 (fr) | 2018-12-26 |
EP3417111B1 EP3417111B1 (fr) | 2020-11-11 |
Family
ID=58410357
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17713340.2A Active EP3417111B1 (fr) | 2016-02-15 | 2017-02-14 | Utilisation d'un élément de sous-couche pour digue à talus, et procédé associé de fabrication de digue |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3417111B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3047750A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017140980A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR102426108B1 (ko) * | 2020-02-06 | 2022-07-27 | 주식회사 무성건설 | 방파제용 조립식 피복블록 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1634159A1 (de) * | 1967-02-22 | 1971-03-18 | Fritz Schleith | Matte fuer Uferbefestigungen |
NL6717542A (fr) * | 1967-12-22 | 1969-06-24 | ||
NL169911C (nl) * | 1972-10-06 | 1982-09-01 | Aannemers Comb Zinkwerke | Zinkstuk met vaste ballast. |
DE3200184A1 (de) * | 1982-01-07 | 1983-07-14 | Heinz 2120 Lüneburg Krebber | "zusammengefuegte, kleinteilig gegliederte betongelenkplatten". |
GB2152564A (en) * | 1984-01-05 | 1985-08-07 | Edgar Gerald Wise | Revetments |
US6106194A (en) * | 1997-11-20 | 2000-08-22 | Submar, Inc. | Placement device for underwater mats and method |
DE102009048608A1 (de) * | 2009-10-08 | 2011-04-14 | Semen Sladkov | Ein vor Erosion geschützter Deich |
-
2016
- 2016-02-15 FR FR1600253A patent/FR3047750A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-02-14 WO PCT/FR2017/050334 patent/WO2017140980A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2017-02-14 EP EP17713340.2A patent/EP3417111B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017140980A1 (fr) | 2017-08-24 |
EP3417111B1 (fr) | 2020-11-11 |
FR3047750A1 (fr) | 2017-08-18 |
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