EP3414028B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen gehärteter stahlbauteile - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen gehärteter stahlbauteile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3414028B1
EP3414028B1 EP17703744.7A EP17703744A EP3414028B1 EP 3414028 B1 EP3414028 B1 EP 3414028B1 EP 17703744 A EP17703744 A EP 17703744A EP 3414028 B1 EP3414028 B1 EP 3414028B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
forming
hardening
blank
oxygen
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17703744.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3414028A1 (de
Inventor
Siegfried Kolnberger
Johannes HASLMAYR
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3414028A1 publication Critical patent/EP3414028A1/de
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Publication of EP3414028B1 publication Critical patent/EP3414028B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/06—Stamping using rigid devices or tools having relatively-movable die parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
    • C21D1/613—Gases; Liquefied or solidified normally gaseous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for producing hardened steel components.
  • Hardened steel components have the advantage, particularly in the body shop of motor vehicles, that their outstanding mechanical properties make it possible to create a particularly stable passenger compartment without having to use components that are much more massive and therefore heavier under normal strength.
  • Steel grades which can be hardened by quench hardening are used to produce hardened steel components of this type.
  • Such types of steel are, for example, boron-alloyed manganese carbon steels, the most widely used, here being the 22MnB5.
  • Other boron-alloyed manganese carbon steels are also used for this.
  • the steel material In order to produce the components hardened from these types of steel, the steel material must be heated to the austenitizing temperature (> Ac 3 ) and waited until the steel material is austenitized. Depending on the desired degree of hardness, partial or full austenitization can be achieved here.
  • a sheet steel plate is separated from a steel strip, for example. cut or punched and then deep-drawn to the finished component in a conventional, for example five-step, deep-drawing process.
  • This finished component is dimensioned somewhat smaller in order to compensate for subsequent thermal expansion during austenitizing.
  • the component produced in this way is then austenitized and then placed in a form hardening tool, in which it is pressed, but not or only very slightly reshaped, and the heat flows from the component into the pressing tool due to the pressure, with the pressure exceeding the critical hardening speed Speed.
  • the further procedure is the so-called press hardening, in which a blank is separated from a sheet steel strip, for example. is cut or punched, the board is then austenitized and the hot board is shaped at a temperature below 782 ° C. in a preferably one-step step and at the same time cooled at a rate above the critical hardening rate.
  • mold hardening is also referred to as an indirect process and press hardening as a direct process.
  • the advantage of the indirect process is that more complex workpiece geometries can be realized.
  • the advantage of the direct process is that a higher degree of material utilization can be achieved.
  • the component complexity that can be achieved is lower, especially in the single-stage forming process.
  • first order microcracks and second order microcracks.
  • First order microcracks are attributed to the so-called Liquid Metal Embrittlement. It is believed that liquid zinc phases during forming, i.e. while tensile stresses are applied to the material, they interact with existing austenite phases, creating microcracks with depths down to a few 100 ⁇ m in the material.
  • the applicant has managed to prevent these first order microcracks by actively or passively cooling the material between removal from the heating furnace and before the start of the hot-forming process to temperatures at which there are no longer any liquid zinc phases. This means that hot forming takes place at temperatures below around 750 ° C.
  • the second order microcracks have so far not been manageable in hot forming despite pre-cooling and also occur at hot forming temperatures below 600 ° C.
  • the crack depths are up to a few 10 pm.
  • a method and forming tool for hot press hardening workpieces made of sheet steel is known, and in particular made of galvanized workpieces made of sheet steel.
  • the die used for hot forming and press hardening should be liquid-coated in its drawing edge area defined by a positive drawing radius or be provided with an insert that has a thermal conductivity that is at least 10 W / (mx K) lower than the thermal conductivity of the section of the die which is adjacent to the drawing edge region and which comes into contact with the workpiece during hot forming and press hardening.
  • the surface of the material applied in the region of the drawing edge or of the insert part facing the workpiece should have a transverse dimension which extends over the drawing edge and is in the range from 1.6 times to 10 times the positive drawing radius of the die. This is intended to improve the flow properties of workpieces made of sheet steel during hot forming and thus significantly reduce the risk of cracks occurring during the hot forming of workpieces made of sheet steel, preferably galvanized steel blanks. With such a tool, however, second type microcracks cannot be avoided.
  • a tool for a press hardening tool is known, the shape-giving surface of the tool being introduced in some areas into the shape surface Micro-wells micro-structured. This measure is intended to limit the effective contact area between the mold surface with a blank for forming a blank to the area parts four located between the depressions. This is intended to reduce friction.
  • a method for producing hardened components from sheet steel wherein before, during or after the molding of the molded part, a necessary final trimming of the molded part and possibly necessary punching out or the production of a hole pattern is carried out and the molded part is then heated to a temperature at least in some areas , which enables the steel material to be austenitized, and wherein the component is subsequently transferred to a mold hardening tool and a mold hardening is carried out in the mold hardening tool, in which the component is cooled and thereby hardened by the at least partial application and pressing of the component by the mold hardening tools, the Component is supported by the form hardening tool in the area of the positive radii, in some areas at least and preferably in the area of the trimmed edges by two clamps and in areas in which the component is not clamped, the construction part is at least spaced from a mold half with a gap.
  • DE 10 2011 114 691 discloses a method for hot forming and hardening a workpiece made of steel in a die press by introducing one or more cooling fluids into die recesses.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid microcracks of the second type in directly hot-formed, that is to say press-hardened, components.
  • the object is achieved with a method having the features of claim 1.
  • VME vapor metal embrittlement
  • the zinc vapor that occurs in the areas subject to tensile stress is either discharged or blown off by gas flows (convection) or sufficiently diluted.
  • access can be used of fluids zinc can be quickly converted into a stable compound such as zinc oxide or ZnJ2.
  • the protection of the steel against second-order microcracks can also be achieved by producing a protective layer, such as an oxide layer, by supplying a fluid. All of the measures described have shown that microcracks are significantly reduced.
  • the avoidance of second order microcracks is hereby ensured that the surrounding medium is exchanged on the sheet metal sheet to be formed during the forming and hardening process in those areas where tensile strains occur on an edge fiber.
  • the zinc vapor that occurs is diluted or removed by the exchange.
  • exchanging the surrounding medium in particular continuous introduction or removal, in other words injection or suction, of a medium can take place.
  • the medium for this can be air, oxygen, nitrogen or other fluids or gases.
  • Gaseous oxygen-containing fluids such as air or oxygen are particularly preferred, since they cannot contaminate the tool unduly or also have any undesirable massive cooling effect such as caused by e.g. Water can be regulated more easily by tempering the fluid.
  • These media are introduced through bores or other accesses such as by means of cutouts in the tool and are particularly preferably injected with an excess pressure of more than 1 bar. In the case of suction, this is also preferably carried out with a pressure of more than 1 bar.
  • a continuous exchange of the medium during operation is particularly preferred, since production conditions are as uniform as possible.
  • a preheating unit can be provided for heating the fluid before the introduction in order to achieve a certain temperature and also to reduce the cooling effect, since the hardening of the component should preferably only take place at the end of the forming process, i.e. when the tool is completely closed.
  • the reliefs are dimensioned such that they represent a reservoir for fluids, in particular oxygen, in such a way that sufficient oxygen reaches the drawing board or the material in order to supply oxygen with released zinc phases or zinc iron phases for oxidation.
  • the recesses on the tool side can be continuously fed with fluids or fluids containing oxygen during the forming process, for example through suitable access openings, it being possible advantageously for a flow cushion to form.
  • the tool cavity can be flushed with an oxygen-containing fluid after the shaping of a workpiece and before the insertion of a further board, which is then present in the cutouts.
  • an oxygen-containing fluid are air, which is supplied in gaseous form, and the fluids already mentioned.
  • the drawing edge area 1 or area of a positive radius 1 is arranged on a molding tool and has two surfaces 3, 4 on the workpiece which meet in the area of a drawing edge or a positive radius 2.
  • a cutout 5 is arranged in a surface 4 following the drawing edge 2 in the drawing direction.
  • the clearance 5 is dimensioned such that the remaining thickness of the drawing edge 2 between the surface 3 and the clearance 5 corresponds approximately to its radius in order to offer a sufficient support effect for the material to be drawn.
  • the clearance 5 has a height between the drawing edge 2 and the surface 4, which is approximately 25 to 35 mm, with a depth of 5 to 9 mm.
  • Figure 2 is instead of a larger-area cutout 5 adjacent to the drawing edge 2, and leaving this in the thickness already described, a groove 6 is made in the surface 4.
  • the groove 6 has a height between the surface 4 and the drawing edge 2, which is approximately 8 to 12 mm, with a depth of 5 to 9 mm.
  • the grooves 7 or slots 7 instead of a continuous recess 5 in the area of the wall 4 adjacent to the drawing edge 2, there are a plurality of grooves 7 running in the drawing direction, the grooves 7 or slots 7 having, for example, a slot width of 4 to 8 mm and a slot spacing of 7 to 11 mm, so that the remaining webs have a width of 1 to 5 mm.
  • the grooves 7 or slots 7 also have a depth of 5 to 9 mm here.
  • the recesses 5, the groove 6, the slots 7 on the back, ie from the tool can be supplied with an oxygen-containing fluid by means of feeds and correspondingly drilled lines in order to possibly reduce the oxygen partial pressure in the Area of the recesses 5, grooves 6 and slots 7 still to be increased.
  • the mold cavity can also be flushed with an oxygen-containing fluid in such a way that there is always sufficient oxygen reservoir in the exemptions 5, grooves 6 and slots 7 is.
  • the supply of oxygen-containing gas is ensured in all cases in that gas can be supplied with pressure via supply bores 8 in the tool 1, or in a sheet metal hold-down device or in a male part 9.
  • This gas can be saved ( Figures 1 to 4 ) and / or the area 4 ( Figure 2 ) or to areas 4, 3.
  • the corresponding bores 8 can also be present here, which extend to a hold-down surface 10. This is particularly important if sheet metal stretching also takes place in this area.
  • the feed bores 8 each have a diameter of preferably 3 to 8 mm. However, smaller diameters may also be used if the amount of fluid flowing out is large enough.
  • the 20MnB8, 22MnB8 and other manganese-boron steels are also used, especially in the direct press hardening process.
  • Steels of this alloy composition are therefore suitable for the invention (all figures in% by mass): C. Si Mn P S Al Cr Ti B N [%] [%] [%] [%] [%] [%] [%] [%] [%] [%] [%] 0.20 0.18 2.01 0.0062 0.001 0.054 0.03 0.032 0.0030 0.0041
  • the rest iron and melting-related impurities, the alloying elements boron, manganese, carbon and optionally chromium and molybdenum being used in particular as retarding agents in such steels.
  • the optimal location of the oxygen-containing medium depends on the component geometry, since beads or undercuts must also be taken into account.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
EP17703744.7A 2016-02-10 2017-02-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen gehärteter stahlbauteile Active EP3414028B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016102344.2A DE102016102344B4 (de) 2016-02-10 2016-02-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen gehärteter Stahlbauteile
PCT/EP2017/052605 WO2017137379A1 (de) 2016-02-10 2017-02-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen gehärteter stahlbauteile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3414028A1 EP3414028A1 (de) 2018-12-19
EP3414028B1 true EP3414028B1 (de) 2020-04-08

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EP17703744.7A Active EP3414028B1 (de) 2016-02-10 2017-02-07 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erzeugen gehärteter stahlbauteile

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20190047032A1 (ko)
EP (1) EP3414028B1 (ko)
JP (1) JP6692911B2 (ko)
KR (1) KR102224344B1 (ko)
CN (1) CN109070173B (ko)
DE (1) DE102016102344B4 (ko)
ES (1) ES2786781T3 (ko)
WO (1) WO2017137379A1 (ko)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR102224344B1 (ko) 2021-03-09
ES2786781T3 (es) 2020-10-13
US20190047032A1 (en) 2019-02-14
CN109070173B (zh) 2021-04-27
DE102016102344B4 (de) 2020-09-24
JP2019504772A (ja) 2019-02-21
CN109070173A (zh) 2018-12-21
JP6692911B2 (ja) 2020-05-13
DE102016102344A1 (de) 2017-08-10
WO2017137379A1 (de) 2017-08-17
EP3414028A1 (de) 2018-12-19
KR20180114104A (ko) 2018-10-17

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