EP3400318B1 - Anlage zur feuerverzinkung, feuerverzinkungsverfahren und verwendung derselben - Google Patents

Anlage zur feuerverzinkung, feuerverzinkungsverfahren und verwendung derselben Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3400318B1
EP3400318B1 EP17701042.8A EP17701042A EP3400318B1 EP 3400318 B1 EP3400318 B1 EP 3400318B1 EP 17701042 A EP17701042 A EP 17701042A EP 3400318 B1 EP3400318 B1 EP 3400318B1
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Prior art keywords
components
hot
zinc
galvanising
galvanizing
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3400318A1 (de
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Thomas PINGER
Lars Baumgürtel
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Fontaine Holdings NV
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Fontaine Holdings NV
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Priority to SI201730143T priority Critical patent/SI3400318T1/sl
Priority to PL17701042T priority patent/PL3400318T3/pl
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0032—Apparatus specially adapted for batch coating of substrate
    • C23C2/00322—Details of mechanisms for immersing or removing substrate from molten liquid bath, e.g. basket or lifting mechanism
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0035—Means for continuously moving substrate through, into or out of the bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0038—Apparatus characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/14—Removing excess of molten coatings; Controlling or regulating the coating thickness
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/30—Fluxes or coverings on molten baths
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
    • C23C2/38—Wires; Tubes
    • C23C2/385—Tubes of specific length

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of galvanizing iron-based or iron-containing components, in particular steel-based or steel-containing components (steel components), preferably for the automotive or automotive industry, by means of hot dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing).
  • the present invention relates to a system and a method for hot dip galvanizing (hot dip galvanizing) of components (ie iron-based or iron-containing components, especially steel-based or steel-containing components (steel components)), especially for large-scale hot-dip galvanizing a plurality of identical or similar components (eg. B. automotive components), in discontinuous operation (so-called piece galvanizing).
  • components ie iron-based or iron-containing components, especially steel-based or steel-containing components (steel components)
  • steel-based or steel-containing components steel-based or steel-containing components
  • piece galvanizing e. B. automotive components
  • the present invention relates to the use of the plant according to the invention or the process according to the invention for hot-dip galvanizing (hot dip galvanizing) in large series.
  • components made of steel for motor vehicles such.
  • motor vehicles motor vehicles
  • galvanizing galvanizing
  • the steel is provided with a generally thin layer of zinc to protect the steel from corrosion.
  • Various galvanizing can be used to galvanize steel components, ie to coat with a metallic coating of zinc, in particular the hot dip galvanizing (synonymously also referred to as hot dip galvanizing), the spray galvanizing (flame spraying with zinc wire), the diffusion galvanizing (Sherard galvanizing ), galvanizing (electrolytic galvanizing), non-electrolytic galvanizing by means of zinc flake coatings and mechanical galvanizing.
  • hot dip galvanizing spray galvanizing
  • Sherard galvanizing diffusion galvanizing
  • galvanizing electrolytic galvanizing
  • non-electrolytic galvanizing non-electrolytic galvanizing by means of zinc flake coatings and mechanical galvanizing.
  • hot dip galvanizing steel is continuously immersed (eg strip and wire) or piecewise (eg components) at temperatures of about 450 ° C to 600 ° C in a heated vessel with molten zinc (melting point of zinc: 419.5 ° C), so that forms on the steel surface, a resistant alloy layer of iron and zinc and above a very firmly adhering pure zinc layer.
  • strip-galvanized steel is a preliminary or intermediate product (semifinished product), which is further processed after galvanizing, in particular by forming, stamping, cutting, etc., whereas components to be protected by piece galvanizing are first completely manufactured and then hot-dip galvanized (whereby the components all around protected against corrosion).
  • Piece galvanizing and strip galvanizing also differ in terms of zinc layer thickness, resulting in different periods of protection.
  • the zinc layer thickness of strip-galvanized sheets is usually at most 20 to 25 micrometers, whereas the zinc layer thicknesses of piece-galvanized steel parts are usually in the range of 50 to 200 micrometers and even more.
  • Hot dip galvanizing provides both active and passive corrosion protection. Passive protection is provided by the barrier effect of the zinc coating. The active corrosion protection is due to the cathodic effect of the zinc coating. Compared to nobler metals of the electrochemical series, such. As iron, zinc serves as a sacrificial anode, which protects the underlying iron from corrosion until it is completely corroded itself.
  • hot-dip galvanizing is carried out on mostly larger steel components and constructions.
  • steel-based blanks or finished workpieces (components) are immersed in the molten zinc bath after pretreatment.
  • inner surfaces, weld seams and hard-to-reach areas of the workpieces or components to be galvanized can be easily achieved by diving.
  • the conventional hot-dip galvanizing is based in particular on the immersion of iron or steel components in a molten zinc to form a zinc coating or a zinc coating on the surface of the components.
  • a thorough surface preparation of the components to be galvanized is generally required beforehand, which usually involves degreasing with subsequent rinsing, subsequent acid pickling followed by rinsing and finally fluxing (ie, so-called fluxing ) with subsequent drying process.
  • the typical process sequence in conventional piece galvanizing by means of hot-dip galvanizing is usually as follows.
  • identical or similar components eg mass production of motor vehicle components
  • a common product carrier designed as a crossbeam or frame, for example
  • a common holding or fastening device for a plurality of identical or similar components.
  • a plurality of components on the goods carrier via holding means, such.
  • slings, Anbindehähte or the like attached.
  • the components are supplied in the grouped state on the goods carrier the subsequent treatment steps or stages.
  • the component surfaces of the grouped components are subjected to degreasing in order to remove residues of fats and oils, wherein the degreasing agents used are usually aqueous alkaline or acid degreasing agents.
  • the degreasing agents used are usually aqueous alkaline or acid degreasing agents.
  • a rinsing typically by immersion in a water bath to avoid carryover of degreasers with the galvanizing in the subsequent process step of pickling, this being especially in a change from alkaline degreasing to an acidic base of high importance.
  • pickling which in particular for the removal of inherent impurities such.
  • the pickling is usually carried out in dilute hydrochloric acid, wherein the duration of the pickling process, among other things, the impurity state (eg, degree of rusting) of the zinc and the acid concentration and Temperature of the pickling bath is dependent.
  • a rinsing process usually takes place after the pickling treatment.
  • the so-called fluxing takes place, whereby the previously degreased and pickled steel surface with a so-called flux, which is typically an aqueous solution of inorganic chlorides, most often with a mixture of zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) and ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl), includes.
  • a so-called flux which is typically an aqueous solution of inorganic chlorides, most often with a mixture of zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) and ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl)
  • the flux increases the wettability between the steel surface and the molten zinc.
  • drying is usually carried out to produce a solid flux film on the steel surface and to remove adhering water so as to subsequently avoid undesirable reactions (especially the formation of water vapor) in the liquid zinc immersion bath.
  • the pre-treated in the above manner components are then hot dip galvanized by immersion in the liquid zinc melt.
  • the zinc content of the melt in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1461 is at least 98.0% by weight.
  • the galvanizing in the molten zinc this remains for a sufficient period of time in the molten zinc bath, in particular until the galvanizing has assumed its temperature and is coated with a zinc layer.
  • the surface of the molten zinc is in particular cleaned of oxides, zinc ash, flux residues and the like, before the galvanized material is then withdrawn from the molten zinc.
  • the hot dip galvanized component is then subjected to a cooling process (eg in the air or in a water bath).
  • the holding means for the component such. As slings, Anbindehähte or the like, away. Following the galvanizing process, a sometimes complicated post-processing or aftertreatment usually takes place. In this case, excess zinc residues, in particular so-called drip noses of the zinc which solidifies on the edges, and oxide or ash residues which adhere to the component are removed as far as possible.
  • a criterion for the quality of a hot-dip galvanizing is the thickness of the zinc coating in microns (microns).
  • the standard DIN EN ISO 1461 specifies the minimum values of the required coating thicknesses, which, depending on the material thickness, are to be supplied in the case of hot-dip galvanizing. In practice, the layer thicknesses are significantly higher than the minimum layer thicknesses specified in DIN EN ISO 1461. In general, zinc plated zinc plating has a thickness in the range of 50 to 200 microns and even more.
  • the zinc melt or the liquid zinc bath additionally add aluminum.
  • the zinc melt or the liquid zinc bath additionally add aluminum.
  • a zinc / aluminum alloy having a lower melting temperature than pure zinc is produced.
  • Hot-dip galvanized components can therefore be easily formed with a zinc / aluminum melt, but nevertheless have improved corrosion protection properties despite the significantly lower layer thickness in comparison with conventional hot-dip galvanizing with a virtually aluminum-free molten zinc melt.
  • a zinc / aluminum alloy used in the hot-dip galvanizing bath has improved fluidity properties compared to pure zinc.
  • zinc coatings produced by hot dip galvanizing performed using such zinc / aluminum alloys have greater corrosion resistance (which is two to six times better than Reinzink's), improved formability, and better paintability than zinc coatings formed from pure zinc.
  • this technology can also produce lead-free zinc coatings.
  • Such a galvanizing process using a zinc / aluminum melt or using a zinc / aluminum hot-dip galvanizing bath is known for example from WO 2002/042512 A1 and the related references to this patent family (e.g. EP 1 352 100 B1 . DE 601 24 767 T2 and US 2003/0219543 A1 ). It also discloses suitable fluxes for hot dip galvanizing by means of zinc / aluminum molten baths, since flux compositions for zinc / aluminum hot dip galvanizing baths are different from those for conventional hot dip galvanizing.
  • corrosion protection coatings can be produced with very low layer thicknesses (generally well below 50 microns and typically in the range of 2 to 20 microns) and with very low weight with high cost efficiency, which is why the process described therein commercially under the name microZINQ ® method is applied.
  • the known piece of fire galvanizing has several disadvantages.
  • the components or component regions inevitably do not remain in the molten zinc for the same length. This results in different reaction times between the material of the components and the molten zinc and thus different zinc layer thicknesses on the components.
  • high temperature sensitive components especially in high and ultra high strength steels such.
  • spring steel, chassis and body components and press-hardened metal parts different residence times in the molten zinc on the mechanical characteristics of the steel.
  • the observance of defined process parameters is inevitably required for each individual component.
  • the WO 95/04607 A1 relates to a process for hot-dip galvanizing steel components, wherein a flux is applied to the surface of the steel components, wherein a preheating of the components takes place in a non-reducing atmosphere for drying the flux and for introducing additional heat energy.
  • the concerns US 2003/219543 A1 a flux and a flux bath for hot-dip galvanizing and a process and a hot-dip galvanizing bath for hot-dip galvanizing an iron or steel product, wherein the flux composition comprises 60 to 80% by weight zinc chloride, 7 to 20% by weight ammonium chloride, 2 to 20% by weight a flux modifier comprising at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal and 0.1 to 5% by weight of at least one compound of NiCl 2 , CoCl 2 and MnCl 2 , and 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of at least one compound from PbCl 2 , SnCl 2 , BiCl 3 and SbCl 3 .
  • the problem underlying the present invention is therefore to provide a system or a method for piece galvanizing iron-based or iron-containing components, in particular steel-based or steel-containing components (steel components) by means of hot dip galvanizing (hot dip galvanizing) in a zinc / aluminum melt (ie a liquid zinc / aluminum bath), preferably for high-volume hot-dip galvanizing of a large number of identical or similar components (eg motor vehicle components), the disadvantages of the prior art described above being at least largely avoided or at least mitigated.
  • such a system or such a method should be provided, which (s) compared to conventional hot-dip galvanizing plants or processes allow an improved process economy and a more efficient, in particular more flexible process flow.
  • the present invention proposes - according to a first aspect of the present invention - a hot-dip galvanizing plant according to claim 1; Further, in particular special and / or advantageous embodiments of the system according to the invention are the subject of the relevant sub-systems.
  • present invention according to a second aspect of the present invention - a method for hot dip galvanizing according to the independent method claim before; Further, in particular special and / or advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are the subject of the related sub-claims.
  • the present invention - according to a third aspect of the present invention - relates to the use of the installation according to the invention and / or the method according to the invention according to the independent use claim.
  • the invention relates to a system for hot-dip galvanizing components for large-series hot-dip galvanizing a plurality of identical or similar components with a conveyor with at least one goods carrier for grouped promotion of a plurality of components to be fastened to the goods carrier, a degreasing device for degreasing the components, a surface treatment device for chemical and / or or mechanical surface treatment of the components, a flux application device for flux application to the surface of the components and a hot-dip galvanizing device for hot-dip galvanizing the components with a galvanized zinc / aluminum alloy galvanizing bath, wherein a separating device is provided for feeding, immersing and dehumidifying a component separated from the goods carrier into the galvanizing bath of the hot-dip galvanizing device, wherein the separating device has at least one separating means, in the singling each component can be precisely manipulated and treated by special turning and steering movements when pulling out of the melt and wherein the separating means is designed such that all isolated from the goods carrier components are
  • the invention relates to a process for hot dip galvanizing of components using a molten zinc / aluminum alloy, preferably for high volume hot dip galvanizing a plurality of identical or similar components, especially in discontinuous operation, preferably for piece galvanizing.
  • the components are attached to a goods carrier for grouped promotion before hot dip galvanizing.
  • the components of a surface treatment preferably a chemical, in particular wet-chemical, and / or mechanical surface treatment, in particular a pickling subjected.
  • the components are flux-coated on their surface and then the components provided with the flux on their surface are subjected to hot-dip galvanizing in a galvanized zinc / aluminum alloy galvanizing bath.
  • the components are separated from the product carrier and / or fed in the singulated state, preferably automatically, to the galvanizing bath, immersed therein and subsequently emptied therefrom.
  • the invention differs from the prior art in that the components are separated from the originally grouped state and supplied in the singulated state to the galvanizing bath of the zinc / aluminum alloy.
  • This, at first glance, uneconomical and process-delaying measure has surprisingly been found to be particularly preferred, especially with regard to the production of high-precision hot-dip galvanized components.
  • the solution according to the invention has initially been omitted since in the case of the piece galvanizing process known from the prior art, depending on the size and weight, in some cases several hundred components are attached to a product carrier and at the same time galvanized together. A separation of the components from the goods carrier before galvanizing and galvanizing in the isolated state thus initially increases the time of the pure galvanizing process considerably.
  • each component in the separation according to the invention each component can be precisely manipulated and treated, for example, by special rotational and steering movements of the component when pulling out of the melt.
  • the Nachbearbeitungsaufwand significantly reduced to the part can be completely avoided.
  • the invention offers the possibility that zinc ash adhesions can be significantly reduced and sometimes even avoided. This is possible since the process according to the invention can be controlled such that a component to be galvanized in the singulated state moves away from the immersion site after immersion and is moved to a location remote from the immersion site. This is followed by dipping. While the zinc ash rises in the area of the immersion site and is located on the surface of the immersion site, there are few or no zinc ash residues at the place of immersion. Thanks to this special technique, zinc ash adhesions can be significantly reduced or avoided.
  • Another advantage of an individual galvanizing plant is that no wider and deeper, but only a narrow galvanizing boiler is necessary. This reduces the surface of the galvanizing bath, which can be better shielded in this way, so that the radiation losses can be significantly reduced.
  • the invention with the occasional galvanizing components with higher quality and cleanliness at the surface, the components have been exposed as such in each case identical process conditions and thus have the same component characteristics. Also in economic terms, the invention offers economic advantages over the prior art, since the production time can be reduced by up to 20% taking into account the no longer necessary or sometimes very limited post-processing.
  • the separation after the surface treatment or after the flux application is made.
  • the separation of the components from the goods carrier via the singling device is then provided following the degreasing or following the surface treatment, in particular pickling, or following the flux application.
  • the singulator is thus located between the hot-dip galvanizing and the flux application device.
  • the degreasing, the surface treatment and the flux application takes place in the grouped state of the components, while only the galvanizing is performed in the isolated state.
  • the separating device has at least one separating means arranged between the flux application device and the hot-dip galvanizing device.
  • This separating means is then preferably designed so that it removes one of the components from the group of components and then supplies it to the hot-dip galvanizing device for hot-dip galvanizing.
  • the separating means can remove or remove the component directly from the product carrier or remove the component from the component group that has already been parked by the product carrier.
  • the separating means is indeed designed such that it removes one of the components from the group of components, but that the removed component does not feed directly to the galvanizing.
  • the separating means can take the component removed from the group of components, for example, to a conveyor system belonging to the separating device, for example a conveyor belt. As a goods carrier or a monorail train passed, over which the isolated component is then galvanized in the isolated state.
  • the separating means comprises at least two separating means, namely a first separating means which performs the separation of the components from the group of components, and at least a second separating means, for example in the manner of a conveyor system, then the isolated component through the galvanizing bath.
  • the separating means is designed such that a separated component is immersed in a dip area of the bath, then moved from the immersion area to an adjacent immersion area and subsequently immersed in the replacement area.
  • zinc ash is produced on the surface of the immersion area as a reaction product of the flux with the molten zinc. Due to the movement of the component immersed in the molten zinc from the immersion area to the immersion area, there is no or hardly any zinc ash at the surface of the immersion area. In this way, the surface of the immersed galvanized component remains free or at least substantially free of zinc ash adhesions.
  • the immersion region is adjacent to the exchange region, so it is spatially spaced apart and in particular not overlapping areas of the galvanizing bath.
  • the component remains after immersion at least as long in the immersion region of the galvanizing bath until the reaction time between the component surface and the zinc / aluminum alloy of the galvanizing completed. In this way it is ensured that the zinc ash, which moves upwards within the melt, spreads only on the surface of the immersion area. Subsequently, the component can then be moved into the immersion region, which is essentially free of zinc ash, and dipped out there.
  • the component remains between 20% to 80%, preferably at least 50%, of the galvanizing time in the region of the immersion region and only then moves into the immersion region becomes.
  • the separating means is designed in such a way that all components separated from the product carrier are identically arranged, in particular with identical movement, and / or or with identical time, passed through the galvanizing bath. This can ultimately be realized without further ado by a corresponding control of the separating device or of the at least one associated separating means. Due to the identical handling identical components, ie components that consist of the same material and each have the same shape, each have identical product properties. These include not only identical zinc layer thicknesses but also identical characteristics of the galvanized components, since these have each been passed through the galvanizing bath in an identical manner.
  • the invention provides system and process according to the separation advantage that zinc noses can be easily avoided.
  • a stripping device is provided following the immersion region, wherein in a preferred embodiment of this inventive idea the separating means is designed such that all isolated from the goods carrier components are passed after emptying of the stripping means for stripping liquid zinc in an identical manner.
  • all components separated from the product carrier are moved in an identical manner after emptying in such a way that dripping noses of liquid zinc are removed, in particular drip off and / or uniformly be distributed to the component surfaces.
  • the invention makes it possible to guide each individual component not only through the galvanizing bath, but also either in a specific positioning, for example an inclination of the component, and move past one or more scrapers and / or the component by special Rotary and / or steering movements to move after the immersion so that zinc noses are at least substantially avoided.
  • the system according to the invention preferably has a plurality of flushing devices, optionally with a plurality of flushing stages.
  • a rinsing device is preferably provided after the degreasing device and / or after the surface treatment device. The individual flushing devices ultimately ensure that the degreasing agents used in the degreasing device or the surface treatment agents used in the surface treatment device are not introduced into the next process step.
  • the system according to the invention preferably has a drying device following the flux application device, so that the flux is dried after application to the surface of the components. In this way it is prevented that a liquid entry from the flux solution takes place in the galvanizing bath.
  • a cooling device in particular a quenching device, is provided following the hot-dip galvanizing device, at which the component is cooled or quenched after the hot-dip galvanizing.
  • an after-treatment device can be provided in particular following the cooling device.
  • the aftertreatment device is used in particular for a passivation, sealing or coloring of the galvanized components.
  • the post-treatment stage may also include, for example, the post-processing, in particular the removal of impurities and / or the removal of zinc noses. As has been stated above, however, the post-processing step in the invention is considerably reduced and sometimes even unnecessary in comparison with the method known in the prior art.
  • the flux application device in particular the Flußstoffbad the flux application device containing flux in preferably aqueous solution, in particular in amounts and / or concentrations of the flux in the range of 200 to 700 g / l, in particular 350 to 550 g / l , preferably 500 to 550 g / l, and / or that the flux is used as a preferably aqueous solution, in particular with amounts and / or concentrations of the flux in the range of 200 to 700 g / l, in particular 350 to 550 g / l, preferably 500 to 550 g / l.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a plant as defined above and / or the process as defined above for large-scale hot-dip galvanizing of a plurality of identical or similar components. It is particularly preferred if the large-scale hot-dip galvanizing in discontinuous operation, preferably in the form of a piece galvanizing, is performed.
  • Fig. 1 a sequence of the method according to the invention in a system 1 according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • the flowchart shown is a method which is possible according to the invention, but individual method steps may also be omitted or provided in a different order than shown and described below. Also, further method steps may be provided.
  • the level A refers to the delivery and the placement of parts to be galvanized 2 at a junction.
  • the components 2 are already mechanically surface-treated in the present example, in particular sandblasted. This may or may not be foreseen.
  • stage B the components 2 are connected to a goods carrier 7 of a conveyor 3 to form a group of components 2.
  • the components 2 are also connected to each other and thus only indirectly with the goods carrier 7.
  • the goods carrier 7 has a basket, a frame or the like, in which or in which the components 2 are inserted.
  • stage C the components 2 are degreased.
  • alkaline or acid degreasing agents 11 are used to remove residues of fats and oils on the components 2.
  • stage D a rinse, in particular with water, of the degreased components 2 is provided.
  • the residues of degreasing agent 11 are rinsed off from the components 2.
  • a pickling of the surfaces of the components 2, so a wet-chemical surface treatment is usually carried out in dilute hydrochloric acid.
  • Stage E is followed by stage F, which in turn is a rinse, in particular with water, in order to prevent the pickling agent from being carried over into the subsequent process stages.
  • stage F which in turn is a rinse, in particular with water, in order to prevent the pickling agent from being carried over into the subsequent process stages.
  • the correspondingly cleaned and pickled, to be galvanized components 2 are then, still grouped together as a group on the product carrier 4, floated, namely subjected to a flux treatment.
  • the flux treatment in stage H is likewise carried out in an aqueous flux solution.
  • the product carrier 7 with the components 2 in stage I is subjected to drying in order to produce a solid flux film on the surface of the components 2 and to remove adhering water.
  • the components 2 previously combined as a group are singulated, ie removed from the group, and subsequently further treated in the singulated state.
  • the separation can take place in that the components 2 are removed individually from the product carrier 7 or also in that the product carrier 7 first deposits the group of components 2 and the components 2 are then removed individually from the group.
  • the components 2 are now hot-dip galvanized in the stage K.
  • the components 2 are each immersed in a galvanizing bath 28 and dipped again after a predetermined residence time.
  • the galvanizing in method step K is followed by dripping of the still liquid zinc in stage L.
  • the dripping takes place, for example, by traversing the galvanized in isolated state component 2 on one or more scrapers of a stripping or by predetermined pivoting and rotational movements of the component 2, which leads either to drip or even distribution of the zinc on the component surface.
  • step M the galvanized component is quenched in step M.
  • the quenching in method step M is followed by a post-treatment in stage N, which may be, for example, a passivation, sealing or organic or inorganic coating of the galvanized component 2.
  • a post-treatment in stage N which may be, for example, a passivation, sealing or organic or inorganic coating of the galvanized component 2.
  • the aftertreatment also includes a possible post-processing of the component 2 which may be required.
  • FIG. 2 to 4 an embodiment of a system 1 according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • Fig. 2 to 4 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a system 1 according to the invention for hot or hot dip galvanizing of components 2 shown.
  • the plant 1 is provided for hot dip galvanizing a plurality of identical components 2 in the discontinuous operation, the so-called piece galvanizing.
  • the plant 1 is designed and suitable for hot dip galvanizing of components 2 in large series.
  • the large-scale galvanizing refers to galvanizing, in which successively more than 100, in particular more than 1000 and preferably more than 10,000 identical components 2 are galvanized, without in between components 2 of different shape and size are galvanized.
  • the system 1 has a conveyor 3 for conveying or for the simultaneous transport of a plurality of components 2, which are combined to form a group.
  • the conveyor device 3 is a crane track with a rail guide 4, on which a trolley 5 with a lifting mechanism can be moved.
  • a goods carrier 7 is connected to the trolley 5.
  • the goods carrier 7 is used to hold and secure the components 2.
  • the connection of the components 2 with the goods carrier 7 is usually carried out at a connection point 8 of the system, to which the components 2 are grouped for connection to the goods carrier 7.
  • a degreasing device 9 connects.
  • the degreasing device 9 has a degreasing basin 10 in which a degreasing agent 11 is located.
  • the degreasing agent 11 may be acidic or basic.
  • the degreasing device 9 is adjoined by a flushing device 12, which has a sink 13 with flushing agent 14 located therein.
  • the rinsing agent 14 in the present case is water.
  • Downstream of the rinsing device 12, that is to say in the process direction, is a surface treatment device designed as a pickling device 15 for wet-chemical surface treatment of the components 2.
  • the pickling device 15 has a pickling tank 16 with a pickling means 17 located therein.
  • the mordant 17 in the present case is dilute hydrochloric acid.
  • a rinsing device 18 with a rinsing basin 19 and rinsing agent 20 located therein is again provided.
  • the rinsing agent 20 is again water.
  • a flux applicator 21 In the process direction behind the rinsing device 18 is a flux applicator 21 with a flux pool 22 and therein flux 23.
  • the flux contains in a preferred embodiment, zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) in an amount of 58 to 80 wt .-% and ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl ) in the amount of 7 to 42% by weight.
  • ZnCl 2 zinc chloride
  • NH 4 Cl ammonium chloride
  • a small amount of alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal salts and, if appropriate, a further heavy metal chloride are provided in a further reduced amount.
  • a wetting agent is also provided in small quantities.
  • the above weight data are based on the flux 23 and make up in the sum of all components of the composition 100 wt .-%.
  • the flux 23 is in aqueous solution, in a concentration in the range of 500 to 550 g / l.
  • the aforementioned devices 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 can each basically have a plurality of cymbals. These individual basins, but also the basins described above, are arranged in cascade behind one another.
  • the flux applicator 21 is followed by a drying device 24 to remove adhering water from the flux film, which is located on the surface of the components 2.
  • the system 1 has a hot-dip galvanizing device 25, in which the components 2 are hot-dip galvanized.
  • the hot-dip galvanizing device 25 has a galvanizing tank 26, optionally with a housing 27 provided on the upper side.
  • a galvanizing bath 28 which contains a zinc / aluminum alloy.
  • the galvanizing bath has 60 to 98% by weight of zinc and 2 to 40% by weight of aluminum.
  • small amounts of silicon and optionally in further reduced proportions a small amount of alkali and / or alkaline earth metals and heavy metals are provided. It is understood that the aforementioned weights are based on the galvanizing 28 and make up in the sum of all components of the composition 100 wt .-%.
  • a cooling device 29 In the process direction after the hot-dip galvanizing device 25 is a cooling device 29, which is provided for quenching of the components 2 after hot-dip galvanizing. Finally, after the cooling device 29 is an aftertreatment device 30 provided, in which the hot-dip galvanized components 2 can be post-treated and / or reworked.
  • a separating device 31 which is provided for automated feeding, immersing and dehumidifying a separated from the goods carrier 7 component 2 in the galvanizing 28 of the hot-dip galvanizing device 25.
  • the separating device 31 has in the illustrated embodiment, a separating means 32 for handling the components 2, namely for removal of a component 2 from the group of components 2 and to remove the grouped components 2 from the goods carrier 7 and for feeding, dipping and Ausflect of isolated component 2 is provided in the galvanizing bath 28.
  • a transfer point 33 at which the components 2 are either stored or in particular in the hanging state of the goods carrier 7 and thus removed from the group or can be singled.
  • the separating means 32 is preferably designed such that it is movable in the direction of the transfer point 33 and away from it and / or is movable in the direction of the galvanizing device 25 and away from it.
  • the separating means 32 is designed in such a way that it moves a component 2 immersed in the galvanizing bath 28 occasionally from the immersion region to an adjacent immersion region and then emerges in the region of exchange.
  • the immersion area and the immersion area are spaced apart from each other, so do not correspond to each other. In particular, the two areas do not overlap. In this case, the movement from the immersion region to the immersion region does not take place until a predetermined period of time has elapsed, namely after completion of the reaction time of the flux 23 with the surface of the respective components 2 to be galvanized.
  • the separating device 31 has centrally and / or the separating means 32 locally via a control device, according to which the movement of the separating means 32 takes place in such a way that all components 2 separated from the goods carrier 7 move with identical movement, in identical arrangement and with identical time through the galvanizing bath 28 be guided.
  • separating means 32 can also be controlled via the associated control device so that an already galvanized component 2 is still moved within the housing 27, for example by corresponding rotational movements such that excess zinc drips and / or alternatively is evenly distributed on the component surface.
  • Fig. 2 shows a state in which at the junction 8 a plurality of components to be galvanized 2 are stored. Above the group of components 2 is the goods carrier 7. After lowering the goods carrier 7, the components 2 are attached to the goods carrier 7. In the illustrated embodiment, the components 2 are arranged in layers. In this case, all components 7 can each be connected to the goods carrier 7. But it is also possible that only the upper layer of components 2 is connected to the goods carrier 7, while the following position is connected to the respective overlying layer. It is also possible that the group of components 2 is arranged in a basket-like frame or the like.
  • Fig. 3 is the group of components 2 above the pickling means 15.
  • Fig. 4 the group of components 2 has been deposited at the transfer point 33.
  • the trolley 5 is on the way back to the connection point 8, at which are already new to be galvanized components 2 as a group. From the deposited at the transfer point 33 group of components 2 has already been removed via the separating means 32, a component 2, which is just before feeding into the hot-dip galvanizing 25.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
EP17701042.8A 2016-03-09 2017-01-09 Anlage zur feuerverzinkung, feuerverzinkungsverfahren und verwendung derselben Active EP3400318B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201730143T SI3400318T1 (sl) 2016-03-09 2017-01-09 Postroj za plamensko pocinkanje, postopek plamenskega pocinkanja in uporaba le-tega
PL17701042T PL3400318T3 (pl) 2016-03-09 2017-01-09 Instalacja do cynkowania ogniowego, sposób cynkowania ogniowego oraz ich zastosowanie

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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DE102016002782 2016-03-09
DE102016104854 2016-03-16
DE102016106660.5A DE102016106660A1 (de) 2016-03-09 2016-04-12 Anlage zur Feuerverzinkung und Feuerverzinkungsverfahren
PCT/EP2017/050307 WO2017153062A1 (de) 2016-03-09 2017-01-09 Anlage zur feuerverzinkung und feuerverzinkungsverfahren

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EP3400318A1 EP3400318A1 (de) 2018-11-14
EP3400318B1 true EP3400318B1 (de) 2019-10-02

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US (1) US11549166B2 (zh)
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CN (1) CN108884543B (zh)
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CA (1) CA3015539C (zh)
DE (1) DE102016106660A1 (zh)
DK (1) DK3400318T3 (zh)
ES (1) ES2758519T3 (zh)
HU (1) HUE047635T2 (zh)
MX (1) MX2018010835A (zh)
PL (1) PL3400318T3 (zh)
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DE102016106617A1 (de) * 2016-03-21 2017-09-21 Fontaine Holdings Nv Feuerverzinkungsanlage sowie Feuerverzinkungsverfahren
DE102017220102A1 (de) * 2017-11-10 2019-05-16 Wiegel Verwaltung Gmbh & Co Kg Anlage und Verfahren zum Feuerverzinken von Halbzeugen
CN107761031B (zh) * 2017-12-06 2023-11-03 唐山东冶实业有限公司 热浸镀锌设备
DE102019108033A1 (de) * 2019-02-25 2020-08-27 Fontaine Holdings Nv Verfahren zur Verzinkung, insbesondere Feuerverzinkung, von Eisen- und Stahlerzeugnissen
CN113637935B (zh) * 2021-07-30 2023-03-21 舟山市驰宇机械制造有限公司 一种主轴镀层加工装置

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US2940870A (en) * 1959-02-19 1960-06-14 Hanson Van Winkle Munning Co Method of hot dip galvanizing a ferrous metal
US3639142A (en) * 1968-06-10 1972-02-01 Bethlehem Steel Corp Method of galvanizing
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DE19537664A1 (de) * 1995-10-10 1997-04-17 Miele & Cie Warenträger für eine Beschichtungsanlage
US6277443B1 (en) * 1998-06-30 2001-08-21 John Maneely Company Low lead or no lead batch galvanization process
EP1209245A1 (en) 2000-11-23 2002-05-29 Galvapower Group N.V. Flux and its use in hot dip galvanization process
IT1391905B1 (it) * 2008-10-28 2012-02-02 Zimetal S R L Perfezionamento nella preparazione della superficie di componentistica in acciaio da zincare a caldo
GB2507310B (en) * 2012-10-25 2018-08-29 Fontaine Holdings Nv Flux compositions for hot dip galvanization

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ES2758519T3 (es) 2020-05-05
DE102016106660A1 (de) 2017-09-14
CN108884543B (zh) 2020-06-30
DK3400318T3 (da) 2020-01-13
US11549166B2 (en) 2023-01-10
SI3400318T1 (sl) 2020-02-28
HUE047635T2 (hu) 2020-05-28
BR112018068229A2 (pt) 2019-01-29
US20190048452A1 (en) 2019-02-14
WO2017153062A1 (de) 2017-09-14
CN108884543A (zh) 2018-11-23
BR112018068229B1 (pt) 2023-01-24
PL3400318T3 (pl) 2020-04-30
MX2018010835A (es) 2019-02-07
CA3015539A1 (en) 2017-09-14
EP3400318A1 (de) 2018-11-14
CA3015539C (en) 2020-03-24

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