EP3400317B1 - Anlage zur feuerverzinkung und feuerverzinkungsverfahren für die grossserienproduktion - Google Patents

Anlage zur feuerverzinkung und feuerverzinkungsverfahren für die grossserienproduktion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3400317B1
EP3400317B1 EP17700503.0A EP17700503A EP3400317B1 EP 3400317 B1 EP3400317 B1 EP 3400317B1 EP 17700503 A EP17700503 A EP 17700503A EP 3400317 B1 EP3400317 B1 EP 3400317B1
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Prior art keywords
hot
components
zinc
automotive
automotive components
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3400317A1 (de
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Thomas PINGER
Lars Baumgürtel
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Fontaine Holdings NV
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Fontaine Holdings NV
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Priority to SI201730150T priority Critical patent/SI3400317T1/sl
Priority to PL17700503T priority patent/PL3400317T3/pl
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/003—Apparatus
    • C23C2/0035—Means for continuously moving substrate through, into or out of the bath
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C23C2/024—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by cleaning or etching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/30—Fluxes or coverings on molten baths
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
    • C23C2/36—Elongated material
    • C23C2/38—Wires; Tubes
    • C23C2/385—Tubes of specific length

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of galvanizing iron-based or iron-containing components, in particular steel-based or steel-containing components (steel components), for the automotive or automotive industry, by means of hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing).
  • the present invention relates to a system and a method for hot-dip galvanizing of automotive components (ie iron-based or ferrous vehicle components steel-based or steel-containing automotive components (steel components), for large-scale hot-dip galvanizing a plurality of identical or similar motor vehicle Components in discontinuous operation (so-called piece galvanizing).
  • automotive components ie iron-based or ferrous vehicle components steel-based or steel-containing automotive components (steel components)
  • piece galvanizing for large-scale hot-dip galvanizing a plurality of identical or similar motor vehicle Components in discontinuous operation.
  • components made of steel for motor vehicles such.
  • motor vehicles motor vehicles
  • galvanizing galvanizing
  • the steel is provided with a generally thin layer of zinc to protect the steel from corrosion.
  • Various galvanizing can be used to galvanize steel components, ie to coat with a metallic coating of zinc, in particular the hot dip galvanizing (synonymously also referred to as hot dip galvanizing), the spray galvanizing (flame spraying with zinc wire), the diffusion galvanizing (Sherard galvanizing ), galvanizing (electrolytic galvanizing), non-electrolytic galvanizing by means of zinc flake coatings and mechanical galvanizing.
  • hot dip galvanizing spray galvanizing
  • Sherard galvanizing diffusion galvanizing
  • galvanizing electrolytic galvanizing
  • non-electrolytic galvanizing non-electrolytic galvanizing by means of zinc flake coatings and mechanical galvanizing.
  • hot dip galvanizing steel is continuously immersed (eg strip and wire) or piecewise (eg components) at temperatures of about 450 ° C to 600 ° C in a heated vessel with molten zinc (melting point of zinc: 419.5 ° C), so that forms on the steel surface, a resistant alloy layer of iron and zinc and above a very firmly adhering pure zinc layer.
  • strip-galvanized steel is a preliminary or intermediate product (semifinished product), which is further processed after galvanizing, in particular by forming, stamping, cutting, etc., whereas components to be protected by piece galvanizing are first completely manufactured and then hot-dip galvanized (whereby the components all around protected against corrosion).
  • Piece galvanizing and strip galvanizing also differ in terms of zinc layer thickness, resulting in different periods of protection.
  • the zinc layer thickness of strip-galvanized sheets is usually at most 20 to 25 micrometers, whereas the zinc layer thicknesses of piece-galvanized steel parts are usually in the range of 50 to 200 micrometers and even more.
  • Hot dip galvanizing provides both active and passive corrosion protection. Passive protection is provided by the barrier effect of the zinc coating. The active corrosion protection is due to the cathodic effect of the zinc coating. Compared to nobler metals of the electrochemical series, such. As iron, zinc serves as a sacrificial anode, which protects the underlying iron from corrosion until it is completely corroded itself.
  • hot-dip galvanizing is carried out on mostly larger steel components and constructions.
  • steel-based blanks or finished workpieces (components) are immersed in the molten zinc bath after pretreatment.
  • inner surfaces, weld seams and hard-to-reach areas of the workpieces or components to be galvanized can be easily achieved by diving.
  • the conventional hot-dip galvanizing is based in particular on the immersion of iron or steel components in a molten zinc to form a zinc coating or a zinc coating on the surface of the components.
  • a thorough surface preparation of the components to be galvanized is generally required beforehand, which usually involves degreasing with subsequent rinsing, subsequent acid pickling followed by rinsing and finally fluxing (ie, so-called fluxing ) with subsequent drying process.
  • the typical process sequence in conventional piece galvanizing by means of hot-dip galvanizing is usually as follows.
  • identical or similar components eg mass production of motor vehicle components
  • a common product carrier designed as a crossbeam or frame, for example
  • a common holding or fastening device for a plurality of identical or similar components.
  • a plurality of components on the goods carrier via holding means, such.
  • slings, Anbindehähte or the like attached.
  • the components are supplied in the grouped state on the goods carrier the subsequent treatment steps or stages.
  • the component surfaces of the grouped components are subjected to degreasing in order to remove residues of fats and oils, wherein the degreasing agents used are usually aqueous alkaline or acid degreasing agents.
  • the degreasing agents used are usually aqueous alkaline or acid degreasing agents.
  • a rinsing typically by immersion in a water bath to avoid carry-over of degreasers with the galvanizing in the subsequent process step of pickling, this being particularly in a change from alkaline degreasing to an acidic pickling of high importance.
  • pickling which in particular for the removal of inherent impurities such.
  • the pickling is usually carried out in dilute hydrochloric acid, wherein the duration of the pickling process, among other things, the impurity state (eg, degree of rusting) of the zinc and the acid concentration and Temperature of the pickling bath is dependent.
  • a rinsing process usually takes place after the pickling treatment.
  • the so-called fluxing wherein the previously degreased and pickled steel surface with a so-called flux, which typically comprises an aqueous solution of inorganic chlorides, most often with a mixture of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl) comprises ,
  • a so-called flux typically comprises an aqueous solution of inorganic chlorides, most often with a mixture of zinc chloride (ZnCl2) and ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl)
  • the flux increases the wettability between the steel surface and the molten zinc.
  • drying is usually carried out to produce a solid flux film on the steel surface and to remove adhering water so as to subsequently avoid undesirable reactions (especially the formation of water vapor) in the liquid zinc immersion bath.
  • the pre-treated in the above manner components are then hot dip galvanized by immersion in the liquid zinc melt.
  • the zinc content of the melt in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1461 is at least 98.0% by weight.
  • the galvanizing in the molten zinc this remains for a sufficient period of time in the molten zinc bath, in particular until the galvanizing has assumed its temperature and is coated with a zinc layer.
  • the surface of the molten zinc is in particular cleaned of oxides, zinc ash, flux residues and the like, before the galvanized material is then withdrawn from the molten zinc.
  • the hot dip galvanized component is then subjected to a cooling process (eg in the air or in a water bath).
  • the holding means for the component such. As slings, Anbindehähte or the like, away. Following the galvanizing process, a sometimes complicated post-processing or aftertreatment usually takes place. In this case, excess Zinkbad Wegwarpole, in particular so-called drip lugs of the solidifying at the edges of zinc and oxide or ash residues that adhere to the component, as far as possible.
  • a criterion for the quality of a hot-dip galvanizing is the thickness of the zinc coating in microns (microns).
  • the standard DIN EN ISO 1461 specifies the minimum values of the required coating thicknesses, which, depending on the material thickness, are to be supplied in the case of hot-dip galvanizing. In practice, the layer thicknesses are significantly higher than the minimum layer thicknesses specified in DIN EN ISO 1461. In general, zinc plated zinc plating has a thickness in the range of 50 to 200 microns and even more.
  • the zinc melt or the liquid zinc bath additionally add aluminum.
  • the zinc melt or the liquid zinc bath additionally add aluminum.
  • a zinc / aluminum alloy having a lower melting temperature than pure zinc is produced.
  • Hot-dip galvanized components can therefore be easily formed with a zinc / aluminum melt, but nevertheless have improved corrosion protection properties despite the significantly lower layer thickness in comparison with conventional hot-dip galvanizing with a virtually aluminum-free molten zinc melt.
  • a zinc / aluminum alloy used in the hot-dip galvanizing bath has improved fluidity properties compared to pure zinc.
  • zinc coatings produced by hot dip galvanizing performed using such zinc / aluminum alloys have greater corrosion resistance (which is two to six times better than Reinzink's), improved formability, and better paintability than zinc coatings formed from pure zinc.
  • this technology can also produce lead-free zinc coatings.
  • Such a galvanizing process using a zinc / aluminum melt or using a zinc / aluminum hot-dip galvanizing bath is known for example from WO 2002/042512 A1 and the related references to this patent family (e.g. EP 1 352 100 B1 . DE 601 24 767 T2 and US 2003/0219543 A1 ). It also discloses suitable fluxes for hot dip galvanizing by means of zinc / aluminum molten baths, since flux compositions for zinc / aluminum hot dip galvanizing baths are different from those for conventional hot dip galvanizing.
  • corrosion protection coatings can be produced with very low layer thicknesses (generally well below 50 microns and typically in the range of 2 to 20 microns) and with very low weight with high cost efficiency, which is why the process described therein commercially under the name microZINQ ® method is applied.
  • the known piece of fire galvanizing has several disadvantages.
  • the components or component regions inevitably do not remain in the molten zinc for the same length. This results in different reaction times between the material of the components and the molten zinc and thus different zinc layer thicknesses on the components.
  • high temperature sensitive components especially in high and ultra high strength steels such.
  • spring steel, chassis and body components and press-hardened metal parts different residence times in the molten zinc on the mechanical characteristics of the steel.
  • the observance of defined process parameters is inevitably required for each individual component.
  • the WO 95/04607 A1 relates to a process for hot-dip galvanizing steel components, wherein a flux is applied to the surface of the steel components, wherein a preheating of the components takes place in a non-reducing atmosphere for drying the flux and for introducing additional heat energy.
  • the concerns US 2003/219543 A1 a flux and a flux bath for hot-dip galvanizing and a process and a hot-dip galvanizing bath for hot-dip galvanizing an iron or steel product, wherein the flux composition comprises 60 to 80% by weight zinc chloride, 7 to 20% by weight ammonium chloride, 2 to 20% by weight a flux modifier comprising at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal; and 0.1 to 5% by weight of at least one compound of NiCl 2 , CoCl 2 and MnCl 2 , and 0.1 to 1.5% by weight of at least one compound of PbCl 2 2 , SnCl 2 , BiCl 3 and SbCl 3 .
  • the problem underlying the present invention is therefore to provide a system or a method for piece galvanizing iron-based or iron-containing motor vehicle components, in particular steel-based or steel-containing automotive components (steel components) by means of hot-dip galvanizing (hot-dip galvanizing) in a zinc / aluminum Melt (ie in a liquid zinc / aluminum bath) for large-scale hot-dip galvanizing a plurality of identical or similar automotive components, the previously described disadvantages of the prior art should be at least largely avoided or at least mitigated.
  • such a plant or such a process is to be provided, which (s) enable an improved process economy and a more efficient, in particular more flexible process sequence compared to conventional hot-dip galvanizing plants or processes.
  • the present invention proposes - according to a first aspect of the present invention - a hot-dip galvanizing plant according to claim 1; Further, in particular special and / or advantageous embodiments of the system according to the invention are the subject of the relevant sub-systems.
  • present invention according to a second aspect of the present invention - a method for hot dip galvanizing according to the independent method claim before; Further, in particular special and / or advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are the subject of the related sub-claims.
  • the invention relates to a system for hot-dip galvanizing of automotive components for large-series hot-dip galvanizing a plurality of identical or similar automotive components with a hot-dip galvanizing for hot-dip galvanizing the automotive components and with a molten zinc / aluminum alloy having galvanizing, wherein a conveying device is provided with at least one goods carrier for conveying a group of motor vehicle components to be fastened to the goods carrier, a flux application device being provided for applying flux to the surface of the motor vehicle components, wherein a handling device for supplying, immersing and dehumidifying a separated automotive component in the molten zinc / aluminum alloy having zinc plating of the hot-dip galvanizing is provided and wherein the handling device has at least one handling means arranged between the flux application device and the hot-dip galvanizing device, wherein the handling means is designed such that it removes one of the automotive components of the group of vehicle components and then it supplies the hot-dip galvanizing device for single-fire galvanizing and wherein the handling means is
  • the invention accordingly relates to a process for hot-dip galvanizing automotive components using a molten zinc / aluminum alloy for high-volume hot-dip galvanizing of a large number of identical or similar vehicle components, wherein the vehicle components are fastened in the grouped state together with a plurality of further motor vehicle components to a product carrier of a conveyor, wherein the motor vehicle components are provided with a flux on their surface, wherein the motor vehicle components are subjected to hot-dip galvanizing in a galvanizing bath comprising the molten zinc / aluminum alloy, wherein the hot-dip galvanizing the automotive components supplied in the isolated state of the galvanizing bath, dipped therein and then be flushed out of it, wherein the hot-dip galvanizing is performed in the isolated state of the vehicle component and wherein a vehicle component dipped in a dipped state in a dip area of the galvanizing bath, then moved from the immersion area to an adjacent immersion area and is subsequently dipped in the exchange area.
  • the invention differs from the state of the art in that in the context of a large-scale hot-dip galvanizing galvanized automotive components are supplied in the isolated state of the galvanizing zinc / aluminum alloy.
  • This at first glance in a mass production uneconomical and process-delaying measure compared to a grouped or simultaneous galvanizing a plurality of automotive components has surprisingly been found in view of the production of high-precision hot-galvanized automotive components particularly preferred.
  • the solution according to the invention has initially been omitted, since in the case of the piece-galvanizing process known from the prior art, depending on the size and weight, in some cases several hundred vehicle components are attached to a goods carrier and at the same time galvanized together. A separation of the vehicle components from the goods carrier before galvanizing and galvanizing in the isolated state thus increases the time of the pure galvanizing process considerably.
  • each vehicle component in the separation according to the invention can be precisely manipulated and treated, for example by special rotational and steering movements of the vehicle component when pulling out of the melt.
  • the Nachbearbeitungsaufwand significantly reduced to the part can be completely avoided.
  • the invention offers the possibility that zinc ash adhesions can be significantly reduced and sometimes even avoided.
  • the process according to the invention can be controlled such that a vehicle component to be galvanized in the isolated state is moved away from the immersion site after immersion and is moved to a location remote from the immersion site. This is followed by dipping. While the zinc ash rises in the area of the immersion site and is located on the surface of the immersion site, there are few or no zinc ash residues at the place of immersion. Thanks to this special technique, zinc ash adhesions can be significantly reduced or avoided.
  • Another advantage of an individual galvanizing plant is that no wider and deeper, but only a narrow galvanizing boiler is necessary. This reduces the surface of the galvanizing bath, which can be better shielded in this way, so that the radiation losses can be significantly reduced.
  • the invention offers economic advantages over the prior art, since the production time can be reduced by up to 20% taking into account the no longer necessary or sometimes very limited post-processing.
  • the plant according to the invention has, in addition to the hot-dip galvanizing device and the handling device, a number of further devices which are upstream and / or downstream of the actual hot-dip galvanizing or hot-dip galvanizing device.
  • the plant according to the invention has a conveying device and a flux application device and optionally also a degreasing device and / or a surface treatment device and / or at least one purging device and / or a drying device and / or a quenching device and / or an aftertreatment device.
  • the conveying device has at least one goods carrier for conveying or for transporting a vehicle component to be fastened to the goods carrier or a group of vehicle components to be fastened to the goods carrier.
  • the conveyor may also have a plurality of funding with identical or differently designed goods carriers, to each of which either an isolated vehicle component or a group of vehicle components are fastened.
  • the conveyor is thus to promote a scattered automotive component and / or a group of motor vehicle components to the individual aforementioned devices, in particular the degreasing device and / or surface treatment device, in particular pickling device, and / or the flux application device and / or the drying device.
  • the conveying device can also be provided and designed for conveying or transporting vehicle components in isolated or grouped state to the cooling device and / or aftertreatment device.
  • the system according to the invention preferably has a degreasing device for degreasing the vehicle components.
  • the degreasing device can basically be provided in a decentralized manner, ie does not necessarily have to be in the same room or building as the other, aforementioned devices. Nevertheless, a decentralized degreasing device is also part of the system according to the invention.
  • the vehicle components can be degreased as a group, ie in the grouped state, or even in the isolated state.
  • the transport of the vehicle components to the degreasing device and away from it preferably takes place via the aforementioned conveying device.
  • the system according to the invention preferably has a surface treatment device for the chemical, in particular wet-chemical and / or mechanical surface treatment of the motor vehicle components.
  • the surface treatment device is designed as a pickling device for pickling the surfaces of the vehicle components.
  • the pickling of the vehicle components can take place in isolated or grouped state.
  • the transport of the vehicle components in isolated or grouped state to the surface treatment device and away from this preferably takes place via the aforementioned conveyor.
  • the system according to the invention has a flux application device for flux application to the surface of the vehicle components.
  • the flux application to the vehicle components can be performed simultaneously in the isolated state of the vehicle components or in the grouped state with a plurality of other automotive components.
  • the transport or promotion of the vehicle components, either in isolated or grouped state, to the flux application device and from this away preferably takes place via the conveyor, the automotive components then - isolated or grouped - are attached to the product carrier of the conveyor ,
  • the system according to the invention preferably has a drying device following the flux application device, so that the flux is dried after application to the surface of the motor vehicle components. In this way it is prevented that a liquid entry from the flux solution takes place in the galvanizing bath.
  • the separation of the components from the goods carrier via the handling device is then provided following the degreasing or following the surface treatment, in particular pickling, or following the flux application.
  • the handling device has at least one handling means arranged between the flux application device and the hot-dip galvanizing device.
  • This handling means is designed such that it removes one of the motor vehicle components from the group of motor vehicle components and then supplies it to the hot galvanizing device for single-fire galvanizing.
  • the handling means can thereby remove or remove the motor vehicle component directly from the goods carrier or remove the motor vehicle component from the motor vehicle component group which has already been parked by the goods carrier.
  • the handling means is indeed designed such that it removes one of the motor vehicle components from the group of motor vehicle components, but does not supply the removed motor vehicle component directly to the galvanizing.
  • the handling means may be removed from the group of automotive components automotive component, for example, to a handling device belonging to the conveyor system, for. As a goods carrier or a monorail train passed, over which the isolated vehicle component is then galvanized in the isolated state.
  • the handling device has at least two handling means, namely a first handling means, which performs the separation of the automotive components from the group of automotive components, and at least a second handling means, for example in the manner of a conveyor system, the Then the isolated vehicle component leads through the galvanizing bath.
  • the handling means is designed in such a way that a separated motor vehicle component dips into an immersion region of the bath, then moves from the immersion region to an adjacent immersion region and is subsequently immersed in the exchange region.
  • zinc ash is produced on the surface of the immersion area as a reaction product of the flux with the molten zinc.
  • the immersion region is adjacent to the exchange region, so it is spatially spaced apart and in particular not overlapping areas of the galvanizing bath.
  • the vehicle component remains after immersion at least as long in the immersion region of the galvanizing bath until the reaction time between the vehicle component surface and the zinc / aluminum alloy of the galvanizing bath is completed. In this way it is ensured that the zinc ash, which moves upwards within the melt, spreads only on the surface of the immersion area. Subsequently, the vehicle component can then be moved into the immersion area, which is essentially free of zinc ash, and left there.
  • the motor vehicle component In experiments that have been carried out in connection with the invention, it has been found that it is expedient for the motor vehicle component to remain between 20% to 80%, preferably at least 50%, of the galvanizing time in the region of the immersion region and only subsequently into the immersion region Immersion area is moved.
  • the handling means or the handling device is designed in such a way that all vehicle components in an isolated state are identically, in particular with identical movement, in an identical arrangement and / or with identical time, are passed through the galvanizing bath. Ultimately, this can easily be achieved by a corresponding control of the handling device or of the at least one associated handling means. Due to the identical handling identical vehicle components, ie automotive components, each consisting of the same material and each have the same shape, each identical product properties. This includes not only identical zinc layer thicknesses but also identical characteristics of the galvanized vehicle components, since these have each been guided in an identical manner through the galvanizing bath.
  • the invention provides system and process according to the separation advantage that zinc noses can be easily avoided.
  • a stripping device is provided following the immersion region, wherein in a preferred embodiment of this inventive concept, the handling means or the handling device is designed such that all automotive components in the isolated state after emptying of the stripping device for stripping liquid zinc in an identical manner be passed.
  • the handling means or the handling device is designed such that all automotive components in the isolated state after emptying of the stripping device for stripping liquid zinc in an identical manner be passed.
  • all automotive components are moved in the isolated state in an identical manner after emptying so that dripping noses of liquid zinc are removed, in particular drip and / or evenly distributed on the vehicle component surfaces.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to guide each individual vehicle component not only through the galvanizing bath, but also either in a specific positioning, for example an inclination of the motor vehicle component, and move past one or more scrapers and / or To move the vehicle component by special turning and / or steering movements after the immersion so that zinc lugs are at least substantially avoided.
  • the system according to the invention preferably has a plurality of flushing devices, optionally with a plurality of flushing stages.
  • a rinsing device is preferably provided after the degreasing device and / or after the surface treatment device. The individual flushing devices ultimately ensure that the degreasing agents used in the degreasing device or the surface treatment agents used in the surface treatment device are not introduced into the next process step.
  • a cooling device in particular a quenching device, is provided following the hot galvanizing device, at which the motor vehicle component is cooled or quenched after hot dip galvanizing.
  • an after-treatment device can be provided in particular following the cooling device.
  • the aftertreatment device is used in particular for a passivation, sealing or coloring of the galvanized Motor vehicle components.
  • the post-treatment stage may also include, for example, the post-processing, in particular the removal of impurities and / or the removal of zinc noses. As has been stated above, however, the post-processing step in the invention is considerably reduced and sometimes even unnecessary in comparison with the method known in the prior art.
  • the flux application device in particular the Flußstoffbad the flux application device containing flux in preferably aqueous solution, in particular in amounts and / or concentrations of the flux in the range of 200 to 700 g / l, in particular 350 to 550 g / l , preferably 500 to 550 g / l, and / or that the flux is used as a preferably aqueous solution, in particular with amounts and / or concentrations of the flux in the range of 200 to 700 g / l, in particular 350 to 550 g / l, preferably 500 to 550 g / l.
  • Fig. 1 a sequence of the method according to the invention in a system 1 according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • the flowchart shown is a method which is possible according to the invention, but individual method steps may also be omitted or provided in a different order than shown and described below. Also, further method steps may be provided.
  • FIG. 1 illustrated flowchart designates the level A, the delivery and the deposit of galvanized automotive components 2 at a junction.
  • the automotive components 2 are already mechanically surface-treated in the present example, in particular sandblasted. This may or may not be foreseen.
  • stage B the motor vehicle components 2 are connected to a goods carrier 7 of a conveyor 3 to form a group of motor vehicle components 2.
  • the vehicle components 2 are also connected to each other and thus only indirectly with the goods carrier 7.
  • the goods carrier 7 has a basket, a frame or the like, in or in which the motor vehicle components 2 are inserted.
  • stage C degreasing of the vehicle components 2 takes place.
  • alkaline or acid degreasing agents 11 are used to remove residues of fats and oils on the components 2.
  • stage D a rinse, in particular with water, of the degreased motor vehicle components 2 is provided.
  • the residues of degreasing agent 11 are rinsed off the motor vehicle components 2.
  • Stage E is followed by stage F, which in turn is a rinse, in particular with water, in order to prevent the pickling agent from being carried over into the subsequent process stages.
  • stage F which in turn is a rinse, in particular with water, in order to prevent the pickling agent from being carried over into the subsequent process stages.
  • the correspondingly cleaned and pickled, to be galvanized motor vehicle components 2 are then, still grouped together as a group on the goods carrier 4, floated, namely subjected to a flux treatment.
  • the flux treatment in stage H is likewise carried out in an aqueous flux solution.
  • the product carrier 7 with the motor vehicle components 2 in stage I is subjected to drying in order to produce a solid flux film on the surface of the motor vehicle components 2 and to remove adhering water.
  • step J the vehicle components 2 previously combined as a group are singulated, ie removed from the group, and subsequently further treated in the singulated state.
  • the separation can take place in that the motor vehicle components 2 are removed individually from the goods carrier 7 or also in that the goods carrier 7 first deposits the group of motor vehicle components 2 and the motor vehicle components 2 are then removed individually from the group.
  • the vehicle components 2 are now hot-dip galvanized in stage K.
  • the motor vehicle components 2 are each immersed in a galvanizing bath 28 and dipped again after a predetermined dwell time.
  • the galvanizing in method step K is followed by dripping of the still liquid zinc in stage L.
  • the dripping takes place, for example, by traveling along the zinced in the isolated state vehicle component 2 on one or more scrapers Abstreif worn or by predetermined pivoting and rotational movements of the vehicle component 2, which either for dripping or for even distribution of the zinc on the car Component surface leads.
  • step M the galvanized vehicle component is quenched in step M.
  • the quenching in method step M is followed by a post-treatment in stage N, which may be, for example, a passivation, sealing or organic or inorganic coating of the galvanized motor vehicle component 2.
  • a post-treatment in stage N may be, for example, a passivation, sealing or organic or inorganic coating of the galvanized motor vehicle component 2.
  • the aftertreatment also includes a post-processing of the vehicle component 2 that may possibly be carried out.
  • a group of vehicle components 2 is transported via the conveyor 3 and separated after degreasing and associated flushing and / or surface treatment and associated flushing and then the automotive components 2 in the isolated state then be guided through the further process at least until hot dip galvanizing inclusive. Subsequently, the then galvanized vehicle component 2 can be further processed in the isolated state or grouped again and further processed in the grouped state.
  • FIG. 2 to 4 an embodiment of a system 1 according to the invention is shown schematically.
  • Fig. 2 to 4 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a system 1 according to the invention for hot or hot dip galvanizing of automotive components 2 is shown.
  • the plant 1 is provided for hot dip galvanizing a plurality of identical motor vehicle components 2 in the discontinuous operation, the so-called piece galvanizing.
  • the plant 1 is designed and suitable for hot dip galvanizing of motor vehicle components 2 in large series.
  • the large-scale galvanizing refers to a galvanizing, in which successively more than 100, in particular more than 1000 and preferably more than 10,000 identical motor vehicle components 2 are galvanized, without in between automotive components 2 of different shape and size are galvanized.
  • the system 1 has a conveying device 3 for conveying or for the simultaneous transport of a plurality of motor vehicle components 2, which are combined to form a group.
  • the conveyor device 3 is a crane track with a rail guide 4, on which a trolley 5 with a lifting mechanism can be moved.
  • a goods carrier 7 is connected to the trolley 5.
  • the goods carrier 7 is used to hold and secure the vehicle components 2.
  • the connection of the vehicle components 2 with the goods carrier 7 is usually carried out at a connection point 8 of the system to which the vehicle components 2 are grouped for connection to the goods carrier 7.
  • a degreasing device 9 connects.
  • the degreasing device 9 has a degreasing basin 10 in which a degreasing agent 11 is located.
  • the degreasing agent 11 may be acidic or basic.
  • the degreasing device 9 is adjoined by a flushing device 12, which has a sink 13 with flushing agent 14 located therein.
  • the rinsing agent 14 in the present case is water.
  • Downstream of the rinsing device 12, that is to say in the process direction, is a surface treatment device designed as a pickling device 15 for wet-chemical surface treatment of the vehicle components 2.
  • the pickling device 15 has a pickling tank 16 with a pickling agent 17 located therein.
  • the mordant 17 in the present case is dilute hydrochloric acid.
  • a rinsing device 18 with a rinsing basin 19 and rinsing agent 20 located therein is again provided.
  • the rinsing agent 20 is again water.
  • a flux applicator 21 In the process direction behind the rinsing device 18 is a flux applicator 21 with a flux pool 22 and therein flux 23.
  • the flux contains in a preferred embodiment, zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) in an amount of 58 to 80 wt .-% and ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl ) in the amount of 7 to 42% by weight. Furthermore, optionally in a small amount of alkali metal and / or alkaline earth metal salts and optionally in the opposite of a further reduced amount of a heavy metal chloride are provided. Furthermore, if necessary, a wetting agent is also provided in small quantities. It is understood that the above weight data are based on the flux 23 and make up in the sum of all components of the composition 100 wt .-%. Incidentally, the flux 23 is in aqueous solution, in a concentration in the range of 500 to 550 g / l.
  • the aforementioned devices 9, 12, 15, 18 and 21 can each basically have a plurality of cymbals. These individual basins, but also the basins described above, are arranged in cascade behind one another.
  • a drying device 24 adjoins to remove adhering water from the flux film, which is located on the surface of the motor vehicle components 2.
  • the system 1 has a hot-dip galvanizing device 25, in which the motor vehicle components 2 are hot-dip galvanized.
  • the hot-dip galvanizing device 25 has a galvanizing tank 26, optionally with a housing 27 provided on the upper side.
  • a galvanizing bath 28 which contains a zinc / aluminum alloy.
  • the galvanizing bath has 60 to 98% by weight of zinc and 2 to 40% by weight of aluminum.
  • small amounts of silicon and optionally in further reduced proportions a small amount of alkali and / or alkaline earth metals and heavy metals are provided. It is understood that the aforementioned weights are based on the galvanizing 28 and make up in the sum of all components of the composition 100 wt .-%.
  • a cooling device 29 In the process direction after the hot-dip galvanizing device 25 is a cooling device 29, which is provided for quenching the motor vehicle components 2 after the hot-dip galvanizing. Finally, after the cooling device 29, an aftertreatment device 30 is provided, in which the hot-dip galvanized motor vehicle components 2 can be post-treated and / or reworked.
  • the handling device 31 is provided for automated feeding, immersing and dehumidifying a separated from the goods carrier 7 automotive component 2 in the galvanizing 28 of the hot-dip galvanizing device 25.
  • the handling device 31 has in the illustrated embodiment, a handling means 32 for handling the motor vehicle components 2, namely for removing a motor vehicle component 2 from the group of automotive components 2 and to remove the grouped automotive components 2 from the product carrier. 7 and for supplying, immersing and dehumidifying the isolated automotive component 2 is provided in the galvanizing 28.
  • a transfer point 33 to which the vehicle components 2 are either stored or in particular in the hanging state from the product carrier 7 and thus removed from the group or singled.
  • the handling means 32 is preferably designed such that it is movable in the direction of the transfer point 33 and away from it and / or is movable in the direction of the galvanizing device 25 and away from it.
  • the handling means 32 is designed such that it moves a submerged in the galvanizing bath 28 automotive component 2 from the immersion region to an adjacent immersion region and then emerges in the exchange area.
  • the immersion area and the immersion area are spaced apart from each other, so do not correspond to each other. In particular, the two areas do not overlap. In this case, the movement from the immersion region to the immersion region does not take place until a predetermined period of time has elapsed, namely after completion of the reaction time of the flux 23 with the surface of the vehicle components 2 to be galvanized in each case.
  • the handling device 31 has centrally and / or the handling means 32 locally via a control device, according to which the movement of the handling means 32 takes place in such a way that all are separated from the goods carrier 7 Automotive components 2 with identical movement, are performed in an identical arrangement and with identical time by the galvanizing 28.
  • the handling means 32 may also be controlled via the associated control device such that an already galvanized motor vehicle component 2 is still moved within the housing 27, for example by corresponding rotational movements, such that excess zinc drips off and / or alternatively evenly on the motor vehicle. Component surface is distributed.
  • Fig. 2 shows a state in which at the junction 8 a plurality of galvanized automotive components 2 are stored. Above the group of motor vehicle components 2 is the goods carrier 7. After lowering the goods carrier 7, the motor vehicle components 2 are fastened to the goods carrier 7. In the illustrated embodiment, the automotive components 2 are arranged in layers. In this case, all vehicle components 7 can each be connected to the goods carrier 7. But it is also possible that only the upper layer of motor vehicle components 2 is connected to the goods carrier 7, while the following position is connected to the respective overlying layer. It is also possible for the group of motor vehicle components 2 to be arranged in a basket-like frame or the like.
  • Fig. 3 is the group of automotive components 2 above the pickling device 15.
  • Fig. 4 the group of automotive components 2 has been stored at the transfer point 33.
  • the trolley 5 is on the way back to the junction 8 at which are already new to be galvanized automotive components 2 as a group. From the deposited at the transfer point 33 group of automotive components 2 has already been removed via the handling means 32, a motor vehicle component 2, which is just before feeding into the hot-dip galvanizing 25.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)
EP17700503.0A 2016-03-09 2017-01-09 Anlage zur feuerverzinkung und feuerverzinkungsverfahren für die grossserienproduktion Active EP3400317B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI201730150T SI3400317T1 (sl) 2016-03-09 2017-01-09 Postroj za plamensko pocinkanje in postopek plamenskega pocinkanja za velikoserijsko proizvodnjo
PL17700503T PL3400317T3 (pl) 2016-03-09 2017-01-09 Instalacja do cynkowania ogniowego oraz sposób cynkowania ogniowego do produkcji wielkoseryjnej

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DE102016002783 2016-03-09
DE102016104855 2016-03-16
DE102016106662.1A DE102016106662A1 (de) 2016-03-09 2016-04-12 Anlage zur Feuerverzinkung und Feuerverzinkungsverfahren, insbesondere für die Großserienproduktion
PCT/EP2017/050308 WO2017153063A1 (de) 2016-03-09 2017-01-09 ANLAGE ZUR FEUERVERZINKUNG UND FEUERVERZINKUNGSVERFAHREN, INSBESONDERE FÜR DIE GROßSERIENPRODUKTION

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CN (1) CN108884544B (zh)
BR (1) BR112018068234B1 (zh)
CA (1) CA3015540C (zh)
DE (1) DE102016106662A1 (zh)
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ES (1) ES2763115T3 (zh)
HU (1) HUE046693T2 (zh)
MX (1) MX2018010831A (zh)
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DE102016106617A1 (de) * 2016-03-21 2017-09-21 Fontaine Holdings Nv Feuerverzinkungsanlage sowie Feuerverzinkungsverfahren
CN111118428B (zh) * 2019-12-28 2022-02-18 天津市工大镀锌设备有限公司 一种批量环保热镀高性能合金方法及设备
CN111155042A (zh) * 2020-01-21 2020-05-15 绍兴市上虞区敏敏汽车配件有限公司 一种汽车油箱开关加工用镀锌装置
DE102020127784A1 (de) 2020-10-22 2022-04-28 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung eines Bauteils sowie Kraftfahrzeug
CN113637939B (zh) * 2021-08-23 2023-03-21 南京科赫科技有限公司 一种碟簧加工后处理装置
CN117467918A (zh) * 2023-05-10 2024-01-30 徐州瑞马科宝金属制品有限公司 一种热浸镀锌铝镁助镀剂及镀锌工艺

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PL3400317T3 (pl) 2020-04-30
BR112018068234A2 (pt) 2019-01-15
MX2018010831A (es) 2019-02-07
US11525176B2 (en) 2022-12-13
DE102016106662A1 (de) 2017-09-14
CN108884544B (zh) 2020-06-30
HUE046693T2 (hu) 2020-03-30
US20190338407A1 (en) 2019-11-07
BR112018068234B1 (pt) 2023-02-07
CN108884544A (zh) 2018-11-23
US10982308B2 (en) 2021-04-20
EP3400317A1 (de) 2018-11-14
ES2763115T3 (es) 2020-05-27
US20190078187A1 (en) 2019-03-14
DK3400317T3 (da) 2019-12-16
CA3015540C (en) 2021-01-26
WO2017153063A1 (de) 2017-09-14
CA3015540A1 (en) 2017-09-14
SI3400317T1 (sl) 2020-01-31

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