EP3387188B1 - Cruciform paving stone - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a cross-shaped paving stone with two opposite projecting stone sections with mutually perpendicular, each two side surfaces and a front surface comprising vertical boundary surfaces.

Such paving stones are well known. They have a walkable or passable top and an opposite bottom and a plurality of vertically arranged side surfaces and front surfaces. Through the cross shape can be made of such paving stones plaster bandages that have no continuous joints and thus have a good gearing effect. In particular, such paving stones are therefore suitable for heavy duty paving.

For areas subject to particularly high loads, such as port facilities, container warehouses and special industrial areas, a so-called heavy duty pavement is often desired, which gives the impression of high load-bearing capacity even on the outside. larger Stone thicknesses as well as special stone floor plans play a decisive role. Known here is the so-called TRILOC plaster, in which the individual paving stones have an approximately triangular plan, and the so-called UNI Optiloc plaster, come in the angular paving stones are used.

However, the well-known paving stones for heavy duty pavement still leaves desires in terms of load capacity and design options open. In particular, an asymmetrical distribution of the attacking horizontal loads takes place in angular paving stones, which lead to tendencies of rotation in the laid stones. The embodiments with special triangular floor plans leave something to be desired in terms of the design quality of the stones, since they are not suitable for any environment.

From the DE 10 2010 005 018 A1 H-shaped paving stones are known, which provide in the plaster bandage for a good gearing effect. However, these paving stones have a relatively complicated basic shape and also leave open design wishes.

It is known to provide paving stones in a rectangular shape on their side surfaces with strip-shaped protruding composite sections, in order to achieve in this way a displacement protection between laid in the plaster bandage adjacent paving stones. These composite sections can contact the flat side surfaces of the adjacent paving stone. In general, however, such a contact is undesirable because it thereby unbuffered Transfer of horizontal loads occurs between the stones causing cracks and breaks. Preference is therefore given to a laying in which the composite sections do not contact the neighboring stone, but merely extend into the joint. When filled gap therefore a corresponding displacement protection is formed.

In order to maintain a corresponding joint spacing between the bricks when laying such rectangular bricks with composite sections, it is already known to provide slightly protruding areas, for example as a base, between such composite sections. When laying, therefore, a composite portion of the one stone abuts against the slightly protruding portion of the other stone. In this way, the corresponding joint width is automatically maintained and the contact between adjacent stones is kept to a minimum.

Such composite systems are used in "normal" rectangular bricks.

Also in the known H-shaped paving stone described above, it is known to provide strip-shaped composite sections on the side surfaces of the stone. These composite sections act together in the plaster bandage with corresponding composite sections of a neighboring stone. In order that the composite sections intermesh, they are arranged offset on opposite side surfaces of the stone to each other.

From the DE 102 05 135 A1 is a cross-shaped paving stone with two opposite projecting stone sections with mutually perpendicular, each having two side surfaces and a front surface comprehensive, vertical boundary surfaces known. In this known paving stone projecting composite sections are arranged on all side surfaces and front surfaces of the protruding stone sections, but the composite sections of two opposing projecting stone sections are not arranged in an identical position.

The GB 2 306 524 A describes a cross-shaped paving stone with two opposite projecting stone sections. On the side surfaces of two opposing protruding stone sections are arranged in an identical position, a protruding composite portion and a recessed composite portion.

Also the FR 2 358 510 A1 describes a cross-shaped paving stone with two oppositely arranged projecting stone sections, wherein also here on the side surfaces of two opposing projecting stone sections in an identical position a projecting and a recessed composite section are arranged.

The present invention has for its object to provide a paving stone of the type described above, with a particularly well-toothed plaster bandage can be reached.

This object is achieved in a paving stone of the specified type in that on the side surfaces of two opposing protruding stone sections in an identical position each a protruding first composite portion is arranged at the towards the throat formed with the adjacent protruding stone portion at least one just as long, from a composite portion free side surface portion connects, and that are on other side surfaces and / or front surfaces projecting second composite sections, in cooperation with second composite sections of a neighboring stone for the production of a plaster bandage displacement of a first composite portion of the neighboring stone perpendicular to the corresponding side surface in the Allow final composite position with the first composite portion of the paving stone.

The paving stone according to the invention, which is particularly suitable for a heavy duty pavement and can absorb high loads, is cross-shaped in plan view and provided on its side surfaces and front surfaces with a special system of strip-shaped, vertically extending composite sections. The paving stone formed according to the invention therefore has a double composite system, which is formed on the one hand by the cross shape and on the other hand by the special composite sections. It is understood that already by the cross shape, a corresponding toothing effect is achieved and that the provided composite sections provide an additional toothing effect.

With the paving stone formed according to the invention, a particularly well-toothed plaster bandage can thus be produced. In other words, several paving stones can be pushed together on a production board so that the composite sections of adjacent stones engage each other and the stones can be clipped accordingly. Both in terms of the laid plaster and in relation to the arrangement on the production board, the special arrangement of the composite sections ensures that the stones must be placed in a special way and can not be separated easily by simple movement processes again.

Thus, a special zigzag-shaped movement is required for assembling or juxtaposing and separating the stones, which is composed, for example, of two movement processes in the x-direction (horizontal in the drawing) and an intermediate movement in the y-direction (vertically in the drawing).

In the laid or clamped state, the plaster formed is well secured by the circulating composite system of cross-shaped stones in the x and y direction against train. As already mentioned, the bricks on the production board can not easily be pushed together, since the composite system engages after being pushed together in the first direction (x-direction) and thereby no longer permits a collapse in the second direction (y-direction).

It is essential that the first composite sections are arranged in an identical position on the side surfaces of two opposite projecting stone sections are arranged. When the stones are pushed together in the first direction (x-direction), therefore, the first composite sections abut each other, so that closing the composite system in this direction is not possible. Then, the stones in the second direction (y-direction) are pushed together in this direction until closing of the composite system. The first composite sections, which collided during the first displacement, are laterally shifted so that they can now grip.

In order for this to be possible, the second composite sections closing in the second displacement process must be positioned with sufficient lateral distances such that a further displacement in the first direction (x direction) is also possible in this direction until the connection system is closed.

The pushing together thus takes place in three steps z-shaped and closes the whole system so that a pulling apart of the stones neither in the x-direction nor in y-direction is readily possible since the attacking horizontal forces act only in one direction and such Z Movement can not understand.

In the stone according to the invention thus ensures the special arrangement of the composite sections at right angles to each other both the anti-displacement in the joint direction and the Zugsicherung perpendicular to the joint direction, which ensures that joints at corresponding horizontal impact can not open in either x or y direction.

Accordingly, the stones can therefore not be pushed together on the production board or on the construction site in the usual way, since the composite system, for example, pushed together in the x-direction, so closes that pushing together in the y-direction is no longer possible. The stones are therefore pushed together so that in a first displacement process in the x direction, the first composite sections collide, but due to their width, the intervention of the composite sections is prevented. Then, in a second displacement process, the stones are pushed together in the y-direction until the second composite sections whose lateral distance from one another is dimensioned such that in a third displacement again in the x-direction in the second displacement relative to each other shifted first composite sections until now possible Intervention can be pushed together. The same Z-shaped movement is required to separate the stones or to open the joints.

Since the required for opening the joints Z-movement occurs in any occurring under traffic load horizontal, always only rectilinear Lasteinwirkungsfällen, in this way, in addition to the displacement protection in the direction of joint protection against opening of the joints is achieved perpendicular to the joint direction.

In the case of the paving stone formed according to the invention, the first composite sections are preferably wider than the second composite sections. In particular, the first composite sections have an end face extending parallel to the corresponding side face. When placing the paving stones, therefore, the neighboring stone can be pushed so far to the existing stone until a first composite portion of this stone abuts with its end face against the end face of a first composite portion of the existing stone. This movement is defined here as the first movement in the x-direction. Both stones are then shifted in y-direction against each other until the first two composite sections of both stones come to rest next to each other. There is then a further shift in the x-direction until the final composite position is reached.

This movement is possible only because the second composite sections allow the mentioned second shift in the x direction. Preferably, therefore, the second composite sections are arranged at such a distance from each other that a side / front surface parallel displacement of cooperating second composite sections of adjacent stones against each other is possible.

Preferably, the paving stone formed according to the invention has a uniform base, from which several stone heads separated by dummy joints emanate. Any design options in relation to the stone heads are possible. For example, a subdivision into three, four or more stone heads can be made. Of course you can the base also be provided with a single stone head without dummy joints.

In a further development of the present invention formed paving stone adjacent to or between projecting composite sections small projecting areas are provided, which are contacted in the preparation of a plaster bandage of the above composite sections of a neighboring stone and ensure a minimum joint spacing. The arrangement of such small protruding areas is known per se in rectangular bricks with corresponding composite systems. The protruding areas can be formed, for example, as a horizontally extending base.

In general, the composite sections are formed in the paving stone according to the invention as vertical strips, which strips do not have to extend beyond the full height of the stone. In horizontal section, the strip-shaped composite sections preferably have a triangular shape, a trapezoidal shape or a semicircular shape. In the case of the paving stone formed according to the invention, the first composite sections are preferably trapezoidal in horizontal section, while the second composite sections are preferably approximately triangular in horizontal section.

In the case of the paving stone formed according to the invention, the second composite sections are arranged offset from one another on corresponding opposite front surfaces or side surfaces. As mentioned, in contrast, the first Composite sections on opposite side surfaces not offset from each other. The offset of the second composite sections or their distances or gaps are, as mentioned, formed so that a corresponding displacement in the side / front surface parallel direction is possible so that the first composite sections can be brought into their final composite position.

In a specific embodiment, two pairs of second composite sections are respectively arranged on the front surfaces of the protruding stone sections. When the stones are put together, these composite sections interact with corresponding composite sections of the neighboring stone. In another specific embodiment, two composite sections are arranged on one side surface on opposite side surfaces, on which no first composite sections are arranged, and one composite section on the opposite side surface. These composite sections also interact with the adjoining stones with corresponding composite sections of neighboring stones.

As far as the cross shape of the paving stone formed according to the invention is concerned, any desired configurations are possible. In a preferred embodiment, all four projecting stone sections are of equal size, so that arise symmetrical conditions. In another embodiment, two opposite projecting stone sections are the same size. Also opposing protruding stone sections can be designed unequal size, or it can, for example of the four protruding stone sections all sections have different sizes.

The above-described paving stone according to the invention described above is preferably made of concrete in the usual way. The production takes place in special forms. After the stones have been formed, they are placed on a production board, pushed together and clamped in the manner described above. The corresponding bracketed units are then machine-laying.

The present invention further relates to a plaster dressing made from a plurality of such paving stones.

Figur 1

eine Draufsicht auf mehrere kreuzförmig ausgebildete Pflastersteine in einem ersten Verlegestadium zur Ausbildung eines Pflasterverbandes;

Figur 2

die Pflastersteine der Figur 1 in einem zweiten Verlegestadium;

Figur 3

die Pflastersteine der Figuren 1 und 2 in einem dritten Verlegestadium;

Figur 4

die Pflastersteine der Figuren 1 bis 3 in einem vierten Verlegestadium, das das Endstadium der Ausbildung des Pflasterverbandes bildet; und

Figur 5

Draufsichten auf eine Vielzahl von Ausführungsformen von kreuzförmig ausgebildeten Pflastersteinen, wobei hier der Einfachheit halber die entsprechenden Verbundabschriitte weggelassen worden sind.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments in conjunction with the drawing. Show it:

FIG. 1

a plan view of several cross-shaped paving stones in a first laying stage to form a plaster bandage;

FIG. 2

the paving stones of the FIG. 1 in a second laying stage;

FIG. 3

the paving stones of the FIGS. 1 and 2 in a third laying stage;

FIG. 4

the paving stones of the FIGS. 1 to 3 in a fourth stage of laying, which forms the final stage of the formation of the plaster bandage; and

FIG. 5

Top views of a variety of embodiments of cross-shaped paving stones, here for the sake of simplicity, the corresponding Verbundabschriitte have been omitted.

The cross-shaped paving stones 1 shown in the figures are each provided with two opposing projecting stone sections 2 and 3, which have mutually perpendicular boundary surfaces, each comprising two side surfaces 6 and 9 and a respective front surface 7 and 8.

On the side surfaces 6 of two opposing projecting stone sections 2, a projecting first composite section 5 is arranged in an identical position, followed by an at least as long, free of a composite portion side surface portion in the direction of the formed with the adjacent projecting stone section 3 throat. These first composite sections are vertically arranged strip-shaped, protruding composite sections, which are approximately trapezoidal in horizontal section.

The front surfaces 7 of these projecting stone sections 2 are each in the embodiment shown here with two pairs of two juxtaposed second composite sections 14 are provided, wherein the composite portions of a pair are arranged at a certain distance from each other. The front surfaces 8 of the other two projecting stone sections 3 likewise each have two pairs of two projecting second composite sections 10. These composite sections are arranged in a certain section from each other. Finally, the side surfaces 9 of the projecting stone portions 3 have a protruding composite portion 12 from one surface and two spaced-apart composite portions 11 on the opposite surface.

The cross-shaped paving stone 1 shown here has two dummy joints 4, so that in the plan view three stone heads are formed. The two dummy joints 4 in this case run parallel to the front surfaces 7 of the two protruding stone sections 2.

FIG. 1 shows the paving stones in a first stage to form a plaster bandage. At this stage, two adjacent stones are arranged so that the first composite sections of two projecting stone sections 2 of adjacent stones are spaced apart. The corresponding stones are then pushed against each other as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 1 is indicated.

FIG. 2 shows the state in which the corresponding first composite sections 5 abut each other with their end faces. When this condition is reached, the stones are shifted in y-direction against each other and reach the in FIG. 3 shown location. The stones can then be moved again in the x-direction against each other, as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 3 is indicated. Finally, the in FIG. 4 shown end position reached, in which the two composite sections 5 of the neighboring stones abut each other.

On the side surfaces and front surfaces of the stones adjacent to the respective composite portions, a plurality of small projecting portions 13 are arranged in the form of horizontally extending pedestals against which the final-stage composite portions abut. This prevents that the faces of the composite sections meet the respective side surfaces or front surfaces of the neighboring stone.

In the FIG. 3 shown end movement of the first composite sections 5 in the x direction is only possible because the intended second composite sections allow a relative movement to each other in the x direction. FIG. 3 shows that, for example, the second composite portion 12 between the two second composite portions 14 in the figure is moved to the left, so that the first composite sections 5 can be moved to its final position. The second composite sections are therefore arranged at a distance from each other so that this movement is possible.

The corresponding paving stones can therefore already be assembled on the production board or in the final laying of the patch in the manner described above in a bandage. To achieve this is the above described z-shaped movement in the x-direction, y-direction and again in the x-direction required. A moving apart of the stones is possible only by a corresponding backward movement, so that the stones form an excellent association with each other.

FIG. 5 shows a plurality of such cross-shaped paving stones in a schematic plan view, wherein the corresponding composite sections have been omitted. The stone forms are indicated with corresponding dummy joints 4. The stones have a common base from which corresponding, separated by dummy joints stone heads extend upwards.

Claims (11)

1. A cruciform paving stone comprising two pairs of opposing projecting stone sections with vertical delimiting surfaces extending perpendicularly with respect to one another and including two lateral surfaces and one front surface, respectively, characterized in that a respective projecting first joining portion (5) is arranged on the lateral surfaces (6) of two oppositely arranged projecting stone sections (2) in identical position which is joined by a lateral surface section with at least identical length and free of a joining portion in the direction to the valley formed with the adjacent projecting stone section (3), and in that projecting second joining portions (10, 11, 12, 14) are located on further lateral surfaces (9) and/or front surfaces (7, 8) which, in cooperation with two joining portions of a neighbour stone, allow a displacement of a first joining portion (5) of the neighbour stone perpendicularly with respect to the corresponding lateral surface (6) into the final joining position with the first joining portion (5) of the paving stone for the production of a pavement structure.
2. The paving stone according to claim 1, characterized in that the first joining portions (5) are broader than the second joining portions (10, 11, 12, 14).
3. The paving stone according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first joining portions (5) have a front surface extending in parallel to the corresponding lateral surface (6).
4. The paving stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second joining portions (10 11, 12, 14) are arranged with such a distance from one another that a displacement in parallel to the sidewall/front wall of cooperating second joining portions of adjacent stones with respect to one another is possible.
5. The paving stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a uniform base from which several stone heads emanate separated by dummy joints (4).
6. The paving stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that small projecting portions (13) are provided adjacent to or between projecting joining portions (5, 10, 11, 12, 14) which are contacted by the projecting joining portions of a neighbour stone and secure a minimum joint distance when a pavement structure is made.
7. The paving stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two pairs of second joining portions (10, 14) are arranged on the front surfaces (7, 8) of the projecting stone sections (2, 3), respectively.
8. The paving stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, on opposite lateral surfaces (9) on which no first joining portions (5) are arranged, two joining portions (12) are arranged on one lateral surface (11) and on the opposite lateral surface one joining portion (12) is arranged.
9. The paving stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two opposite stone sections (2, 3) have the same largeness, respectively.
10. The paving stone according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all the four projecting stone sections have an identical largeness.
11. A pavement structure made by a plurality of paving stones according to the claims 1 to 10.

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