EP3384095B1 - Perforated structure mountable onto a seabed - Google Patents

Perforated structure mountable onto a seabed Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3384095B1
EP3384095B1 EP16870131.6A EP16870131A EP3384095B1 EP 3384095 B1 EP3384095 B1 EP 3384095B1 EP 16870131 A EP16870131 A EP 16870131A EP 3384095 B1 EP3384095 B1 EP 3384095B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
perforated
cavity
connector
corner portions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP16870131.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3384095A4 (en
EP3384095A1 (en
Inventor
Kobi Birnhack
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ocean Brick System OBS Ltd
Original Assignee
Ocean Brick System OBS Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US14/957,639 external-priority patent/US9683346B2/en
Application filed by Ocean Brick System OBS Ltd filed Critical Ocean Brick System OBS Ltd
Publication of EP3384095A1 publication Critical patent/EP3384095A1/en
Publication of EP3384095A4 publication Critical patent/EP3384095A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3384095B1 publication Critical patent/EP3384095B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/0029—Moulds or moulding surfaces not covered by B28B7/0058 - B28B7/36 and B28B7/40 - B28B7/465, e.g. moulds assembled from several parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/16—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes
    • B28B7/18—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes the holes passing completely through the article
    • B28B7/183—Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes the holes passing completely through the article for building blocks or similar block-shaped objects
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/20—Equipment for shipping on coasts, in harbours or on other fixed marine structures, e.g. bollards
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/16—Arrangement or construction of joints in foundation structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
    • E04C5/162—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements
    • E04C5/166—Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements the reinforcements running in different directions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B17/02—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor placed by lowering the supporting construction to the bottom, e.g. with subsequent fixing thereto
    • E02B17/025—Reinforced concrete structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/129—Polyhedrons, tetrapods or similar bodies, whether or not threaded on strings

Definitions

  • This invention relates to offshore structures and methods for their construction and more particularly to modular constructions useful for deep-water ports and artificial islands.
  • a second obstacle is the lack of sufficiently deep water near the coast and the massive expense that additional dredging and construction of retaining walls entails. For example, between 2000 and 2005, the Kill van Kull channel (New York/New Jersey) was deepened from 35 feet to 45 feet at a cost of $360 million, and the project currently underway to dredge the channel to the 50 foot depth required for 7000 - 8000 TEU capacity ships will add more than $900 million to the overall cost.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,234,714 discloses a pier with a nominally integrated breakwater.
  • the breakwater and pier are in fact independent structures, in which the breakwater comprises a mound of sand, gravel, rocks, and/or rubble piled up against the seaward side of the pier, upon which a plurality of caisson-like structures are placed.
  • this design also suffers from the problems that the breakwater cannot be constructed without extensive dredging operations and that the breakwater and the pier are not a single modular structure.
  • the present invention provides a solution to the problems described above and an answer to the need for a new way of thinking about port design. It is one object of the present invention, as defined by claim 1, to provide perforated structure mountable onto a seabed for establishing a deep-water port or an artificial island.
  • the aforesaid structure comprises: (a) a plurality of prefabricated perforated modules integratable into said structure; (b) at least one connector interconnecting corner portions of said prefabricated perforated modules.
  • each prefabricated perforated module has a corner portion comprising a concave surface such that said corner portions being integrated together into said structure form a cavity to be filled with a concrete.
  • the connector comprises a crosspiece having three arms orthogonal to each other; each arm has a cross-like cross section.
  • the crosspiece has reinforcing members distributed within said concrete.
  • the aforesaid method comprises the steps of (a) providing a plurality of prefabricated perforated modules integratable into said structure; each prefabricated perforated module has a corner portion comprising a concave surface such that said corner portions being integrated together into said structure form a cavity to be filled with a concrete; (b) providing at least one connector; (c) positioning corner portions of said prefabricated perforated modules such that a cavity surrounding said corner portions is formed; (d) mounting said connector comprising crosspiece having three arms orthogonal to each other within formed cavity; each arm has a cross-like cross section; said crosspiece has reinforcing members; and (e) filling said cavity with concrete such that said reinforcing members distributed within said concrete.
  • a perforated modular marine structure unit 10 is shown with a shape constituting a rectangular parallelepiped 12 defined by six planar faces with lower base vertices ABCD and upper base vertices EFGH.
  • the parallelepiped is a geometrical cube with sides about 10 m long.
  • Four non-adjacent corners of the cube, in this case, B, D, E, and G, are cut out, leaving surfaces S B , S D (not seen in the view illustrated in FIG. 1 ), S E , and S G .
  • FIG. 1 In the particular embodiment shown in FIG.
  • S B , S D , S E , and S G have the shape of part of the surface of a sphere centered at the nearest corner, but they can have any shape bulging toward the cube's center (e.g. an ellipsoid or a more complex shape).
  • Four tunnels T B , T D , T E , and T G are formed and converge in the cube's center to form a tetrapod-like passage interconnecting the cut-out surfaces.
  • the tunnels are shown as having a cylindrical cross-section, but they may be of other shapes.
  • the six planar surfaces left from the faces of the original cube e.g. surface 14, remaining from side EFGH) are base planes by which the perforated modular marine structure contacts other modules. These surfaces must be large enough to ensure stable positioning of the module on a substantially horizontal foundation during the assembly process.
  • the perforated modular marine structures are formed with reinforcing diagonal beams (RDBs) 30 extending along the six diagonals on the planar surfaces remaining from the faces of the original cube.
  • the RDBs may comprise reinforcing elements, for example, steel rods 32, and material embedding the reinforcing elements, e.g. concrete.
  • Recesses 42 are formed on the cube's surface at the corners of the module. When two to eight modular marine structure units 10 are arranged about a common corner, these recesses form cavities that serve as a mold for casting concrete or injecting grout to create corner joints. Similar recesses 52 may be formed along the diagonals, as shown in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 shows one example of the design of a perforated modular marine unit, but the construction of the underdeck 2 is not restricted to this specific design for the modular units 10.
  • FIGS. 2-4 various stages in the construction of the underdeck 2 and integrated port 100 are shown.
  • FIG. 5 a detail of a section of the completed underdeck 2 is shown.
  • the means by which the individual perforated modular marine units are interconnected, described above, is shown graphically in the figure.
  • an integrated deepwater offshore port 100 which comprises an upper pier deck 1 and an under-deck 2.
  • the upper pier deck is constructed of materials appropriate for use in salt water. It is designed for mooring of mega-ships, as a base for heavy cranes and other equipment used for on-loading and off-loading of cargo to and from the ships, and as a temporary location for cargo to be loaded onto the container ships or to be transferred to the container terminal.
  • the embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 shows the upper deck as having a rectangular profile, but due to the modular nature of the port's construction, the exact dimensions and shape of the upper deck will necessarily vary from embodiment to embodiment according to the specific needs of the port itself. Similarly, the exact dimensions and shape of the under-deck will be chosen in order to provide support for the upper deck, and will thus vary depending on the needs of the specific port being constructed.
  • the under-deck 2 is constructed from a plurality of perforated modular marine structure units 10.
  • the perforated modular marine structure units are prefabricated and designed such that they are capable of interconnection, and are constructed from material that is compatible with long-term immersion in salt water.
  • FIG. 1 One embodiment of said perforated modular marine structure unit is presented in FIG. 1 .
  • This embodiment illustrates the essential qualities of the unit, in particular, its modularity (i.e. construction of the under-deck 2 is done by interconnecting a plurality of identical elements as illustrated in FIG. 5 ), its interconnectability, and its ability to allow water to pass through it. In this particular embodiment, water flows through cut out portions of the structure.
  • the unit may contain passages or be itself constructed from smaller sub-units in order to allow passage of water.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is provided to illustrate the construction of the integrated dock, and is not intended to limit its construction to use of the specific embodiment shown in the figure.
  • the under-deck sits directly on the natural sea floor and is constructed from prefabricated modular marine units 10 which are constructed on-shore, and the upper deck sits atop the mega-structure.
  • the elements are interconnected (cf. FIG. 5 ) in dry dock. After the modular marine units are interconnected, a platform of at least one level is built. It is possible to build further structures atop the platform, with the platform itself serving as a foundation for the structures. After the work is completed in dry dock, the dry dock is filled with water to float the platform and everything on top of it. The platform is then towed (afloat) to its ultimate location in deep water, at which point water is allowed to enter the cavities within the modular marine units, causing them to sink to the sea floor, thus creating the breakwater port. Alternatively, the elements may be interconnected in wet dock and the port then towed to its ultimate location.
  • the under-deck is constructed from perforated units, it acts naturally as an efficient breakwater, providing still water on its landward side, and thus enabling the upper deck to act as a pier or wharf for cargo ships without the need for construction of a separate dedicated breakwater.
  • the perforated units additionally can serve as a habitat for underwater flora and fauna, and hence, the under-deck as constructed can also serve as the basis of a man-made reef.
  • An artificial island 100 comprises integrally configured an underwater portion 20, an above-water platform 30, and accommodation facilities 40.
  • the underwater portion 20 further comprises at least one open-ended passageway and sits directly on a surface of a seabed 10.
  • the underwater portion 20 is assembled from perforated modular units 25.
  • the above-water platform 30 being mechanically fixated to the underwater portion 20 carries the accommodation facilities 40 on upper surface of the aforesaid platform 30.
  • marine fauna 60 and a scuba diver 50 are indicated in sea water.
  • the underwater portion 20 is furnished with means for forming artificial reefs.
  • the aforesaid means constitutes special metal, plastic or any other additional members mechanically connected to perforated modular units 25 to increase an area of contacting sea water to the underwater portion 20.
  • Connector 300 comprises a crosspiece having three arms 110, 120 and 130 orthogonal to each other. Each of arms 110, 120 and 130 has a cross-like cross section. Connector 300 is provided with reinforcing members 150, 160, and 170 which are in planes defined by 120-130 (X-Y), 110-130 (Y-Z) and 110-120 (X-Z). Additionally, reinforcing members exemplarily indicated as 140 and welded to arms 110, 120 and 130 are connectable to the corner portions of units 25.
  • FIGs 13a to 13f illustrating stages of establishing a structure mountable on a seabed.
  • Numeral 210 refers to the corner portions of units 25. Corner portion 210 of each unit 25 is provided with concave surface 220 such that when units 25 are assembled into a structure to be established, these concave surfaces 220 forms a cavity to be fill with concrete (described below).
  • Connector 300 is mechanically connected to corner portions 210 of units 25 by reinforcing members 140.
  • Connector 300 is mounted within cavity 230 which is filled with concrete after mounting all units 25 forming cavity 230. Filling with concrete is performed via channel 240.
  • units 25 are mounted such that surfaces 220 at corner portions 210 form cavity 230. Then, connector 300 is mounted into cavity 230. Thereat members 140 are mechanically connected to corner portions 210. Thereafter, cavity 230 is filled with concrete via channel 240.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
EP16870131.6A 2015-12-03 2016-12-01 Perforated structure mountable onto a seabed Active EP3384095B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/957,639 US9683346B2 (en) 2009-01-15 2015-12-03 Perforated structure mountable onto a seabed
PCT/IL2016/051289 WO2017094013A1 (en) 2015-12-03 2016-12-01 Perforated structure mountable onto a seabed

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3384095A1 EP3384095A1 (en) 2018-10-10
EP3384095A4 EP3384095A4 (en) 2019-07-17
EP3384095B1 true EP3384095B1 (en) 2020-07-29

Family

ID=58796470

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16870131.6A Active EP3384095B1 (en) 2015-12-03 2016-12-01 Perforated structure mountable onto a seabed

Country Status (9)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3384095B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP6778759B2 (ja)
BR (1) BR112018011257A2 (ja)
DK (1) DK3384095T3 (ja)
ES (1) ES2830323T3 (ja)
IL (1) IL259757B (ja)
PT (1) PT3384095T (ja)
SG (1) SG11201804634RA (ja)
WO (1) WO2017094013A1 (ja)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113463571A (zh) * 2021-07-31 2021-10-01 周张宁 一种带流水孔的钢筋混凝土挡块

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2942745B2 (ja) * 1997-07-17 1999-08-30 株式会社リタ総合企画 ブロック用接手及びこれを用いたブロック構造体
JP2001182171A (ja) * 1999-12-22 2001-07-03 Taiyo Gijutsu Kaihatsu Kk コンクリート構造体の結合方法
ES2286261T3 (es) * 2001-06-28 2007-12-01 TAMNOR MANAGEMENT & CONSULTING LTD. Estructuras marinas modulares.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2830323T3 (es) 2021-06-03
EP3384095A4 (en) 2019-07-17
DK3384095T3 (da) 2020-11-02
EP3384095A1 (en) 2018-10-10
SG11201804634RA (en) 2018-06-28
JP2018536787A (ja) 2018-12-13
JP6778759B2 (ja) 2020-11-04
PT3384095T (pt) 2020-11-20
BR112018011257A2 (pt) 2018-11-21
IL259757A (en) 2018-07-31
WO2017094013A1 (en) 2017-06-08
IL259757B (en) 2021-12-01

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