EP3382277A1 - Détection d'une bâche - Google Patents

Détection d'une bâche Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3382277A1
EP3382277A1 EP18159377.3A EP18159377A EP3382277A1 EP 3382277 A1 EP3382277 A1 EP 3382277A1 EP 18159377 A EP18159377 A EP 18159377A EP 3382277 A1 EP3382277 A1 EP 3382277A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
control device
control
setpoint
value
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18159377.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3382277B1 (fr
Inventor
Bernd Schmiederer
Holger HOLFELDER
Rainer Lochschmied
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Priority to PL18159377T priority Critical patent/PL3382277T3/pl
Publication of EP3382277A1 publication Critical patent/EP3382277A1/fr
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Publication of EP3382277B1 publication Critical patent/EP3382277B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/02—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply
    • F23N1/022—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with air supply using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/24—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements
    • F23N5/242—Preventing development of abnormal or undesired conditions, i.e. safety arrangements using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/26—Details
    • F23N5/265—Details using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2208/00—Control devices associated with burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2211/00—Flue gas duct systems
    • F23J2211/10—Balanced flues (combining air supply and flue gas exhaust)
    • F23J2211/101—Balanced flues (combining air supply and flue gas exhaust) with coaxial duct arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2213/00—Chimneys or flues
    • F23J2213/70—Safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/18—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel
    • F23N2005/185—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of air or fuel using detectors sensitive to rate of flow of fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity
    • F23N2225/30—Measuring humidity measuring lambda
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
    • F23N2900/05001—Measuring CO content in flue gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for controlling combustion
    • F23N2900/05005—Mounting arrangements for sensing, detecting or measuring devices

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is concerned with the detection of a blockage in the supply air duct or exhaust duct of a burner device.
  • the present disclosure is concerned with blockages in the form of covers and with fossil fuel burning combustors.
  • the air ratio during combustion can be determined and / or adjusted by means of an ionization current through an ionization electrode.
  • An alternating voltage is first applied to the ionization electrode. Due to the rectifier effect of a flame, an ionization current flows as a direct current in only one direction.
  • the setpoint value for the ionization current detected at the ionization electrode is plotted against the speed of the fan of a gas burner.
  • the ionization current is typically measured in microamps.
  • the speed of the fan of a gas burner is typically measured in revolutions per minute.
  • the speed of the fan of a gas burner is also a measure of the air volume flow and the performance of the burner system, that is, for a quantity of heat per time.
  • the speed detection detects the change in the flow due to the Zu povertykanal- / exhaust duct change practically not. Therefore, if there is no further indicator of the air flow rate, the ionization current setpoint will not be adjusted due to the functional relationship between ionization current setpoint and fan speed. This is controlled with respect to the actual air flow with a wrong ionisationsstrom setpoint.
  • the drift can occur by bending the ionization electrode and / or deposit formation and / or damaging the ionization electrode. Tests that correct for this drift usually need to be done at specific, fixed speed points. If these points are not achieved because, for example, the heat can not be dissipated, the burner system would have to be switched off and / or locked. Because without shutdown and / or locking is not guaranteed that no critical emissions occur.
  • EP3045816A1 Burner System Control System
  • EP3045816A1 discloses and claims a device for controlling a burner system, which allows the estimation of an ionization current even if a measurement thereof fails. For this purpose, an estimation of the ionization current to an air volume flow, which belongs to a burner power, at which under certain circumstances no measurement was possible made.
  • EP2466204B1 discloses and claims a control device for a burner system.
  • a control device carries out a test procedure in several steps.
  • EP1293727B1 Control device for a burner and setting procedure, issued on 23 November 2005.
  • EP1293727B1 describes how the ionization current setpoint is increased in the closed loop.
  • the change in the gas valve position or an equivalent such as a coulter parameter is measured.
  • this method can only be used at defined burner power points.
  • the specimen scattering of the valves significantly affects the result. This limits the applicability of the method described there.
  • EP0806610A2 The European patent application EP0806610A2 , Method and apparatus for operating a gas burner, was filed on April 9, 1997 and published on November 12, 1997.
  • EP0806610A2 deals with the shutdown of a gas burner, if an ionisation signal leaves a permissible control range for more than a predetermined period of time.
  • the permissible control range comprises an upper maximum value of the ionization signal and a lower limit value.
  • the lower limit is above a threshold at which combustion is no longer low in emissions.
  • the subject of the present disclosure is a method and / or a controller for detecting blockages in the supply air duct and / or exhaust duct, whereby the aforementioned disadvantages are at least partially overcome.
  • a further subject matter of the present disclosure is a method and / or a controller for detecting drift of the ionization signal due to deposit formation and / or bending of the ionization electrode without having to achieve specific, defined rotational speeds within a predetermined period of time.
  • the present disclosure teaches a method and / or a control device for a burner device with the goal of detecting covers and / or blockages. This is accompanied by the avoidance of unwanted emissions of carbon monoxide (CO emissions).
  • the method is based on a technical study of the control limits of an ionization current control loop after the ionization current setpoint has been changed from the normal control operation. From a cover and / or blocking of the supply air duct and / or exhaust duct of a burner device is assumed, if the control circuit operates outside its control limits.
  • the present disclosure teaches a method of detecting unwanted emissions by drift due to deposit formation and / or bending of the ionization electrode.
  • the method can be carried out at each speed point, without special characteristics for individual speed points must be stored.
  • the speed of a fan in the supply air duct and / or in the exhaust duct of a burner device is first determined. From the rotational speed of the blower, a desired value of an ionization current of an ionization electrode is preferably determined by using a characteristic curve. The determined ionization current setpoint is then increased by one increment. An attempt is then made to control the fuel actuator of the combustor at a constant fan speed using the increased ionization current. If the control loop fails in this test, combustion is inferred with and / or near undesirable emissions. Such combustion is caused for example due to covering and / or blocking and / or due to deposit formation and / or bending. Accordingly, an error is issued.
  • the method described here will be referred to testing for steady state control with increased ionization current setpoint and / or test for steady state control.
  • the burner device is switched off and / or locked by closing a fuel actuator.
  • the current position of a fuel actuator and a speed of the blower are determined. From the speed of the fan, a low calorie position of the fuel actuator is determined using a low calorie characteristic, which belongs to the low calorie characteristic. From the speed of the fan, a high-calorific position of the fuel actuator is further determined using a high-caloric characteristic, which belongs to the high-caloric characteristic.
  • the current position is compared with the low calorie position and the high calorific position of the fuel actuator.
  • a relative position, preferably in percent, is determined, which indicates the position of the current position relative to the low calorie and the high caloric position of the fuel actuator.
  • temporal fluctuation of the relative position is averaged on the basis of a second low-pass filter having a second time constant to a second mean value.
  • the first and the second mean become one with each other compared. If the first and the second mean value deviate from one another by a predetermined threshold value, the setpoint value of the ionization current is increased by a predetermined increment.
  • the system for detecting a cover and / or blocking need not be taken out of service.
  • the present disclosure teaches a method and / or apparatus for a combustor wherein the controller divides the adjustable speed range into individual bands, wherein a steady state control with increased ionization current at any speed within a band is representative of steady state speed tests at any speed within the band is.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a burner system consisting of burner 1 and a combustion chamber 2 with heat exchanger.
  • a motor-driven fan 3 promotes the Verbrennungszu Kunststoff 4 to the burner 1 out.
  • the fuel 6 preferably a fuel gas
  • the amount of the mixed fuel 6 is adjusted via a motor-adjustable fuel valve 5.
  • the amount of fuel is transmitted via the control signal 13 from the control, control and / or monitoring unit 10 to the fuel valve 5. This can be done with an analog signal, as a pulse width modulated signal or but also done digitally, for example via a bus system.
  • the amount of air is transmitted via the signal 11 from the control, control and / or monitoring unit 10 to the blower 3.
  • the value 11 can equally be transmitted as an analog signal, as a pulse-width-modulated signal or else digitally, for example via a bus system.
  • the blower then adjusts the amount of air according to the transmitted signal.
  • the reason for this is that the blower does not react sufficiently reproducibly to the control signal 11, for example because of the friction of the bearing from the fan due to different operating conditions such as temperature and / or starting behavior. Therefore, the amount of air can be adjusted only via the speed 12 of the control, control and / or monitoring unit 10, for example via a closed speed control loop (reproducible).
  • an ionization electrode 7 is not only monitored whether a flame is present on the burner 1 or not. It is also possible on the basis of the ionization signal 14, which is read by means of the electrode 7 in the control, control and / or monitoring unit 10, the fuel-air ratio can be determined. This happens because an alternating voltage is applied to the ionization electrode 7. In this case, the mean DC component of the current through the ionization electrode 7 is measured.
  • An ionization electrode 7 detects an ionization current.
  • the ionization electrode 7 is typically an AC voltage in the range 110 V ... 240 V at. Due to the diode effect of the flame in the current between the ionization electrode 7 and the counter electrode, usually the burner 1, flows through the ionization a direct current superimposed with an alternating current. This DC increases with increasing ionization of the gas in the flame area. On the other hand, the direct current decreases with increasing excess air of combustion.
  • the occurring direct current is typically in the range of less than 150 microamps, often even significantly below this value.
  • a device for separating direct current and alternating current of an ionization electrode is, for example, in EP1154203B1 .
  • FIG. 1 shown and explained inter alia in section 12 of the description. On the relevant parts of the disclosure of EP1154203B1 is referred to here.
  • Ionization electrodes 7 as used herein are commercially available.
  • the material of the ionization electrodes 7 is often KANTHAL®, e.g. APM® or A-1®.
  • Nikrothal® electrodes are also contemplated by those skilled in the art.
  • the generated by the combustion process and cooled in the heat exchanger 2 exhaust 9 is passed through an exhaust duct 8 to the outside, the length of which may vary from plant to plant.
  • the exhaust duct 8 may further be completely or partially closed and / or blocked by external influences.
  • a partial closure and / or a partial blockage of the exhaust duct 8 is a first section of the exhaust passage 8 open and a second portion of the exhaust passage 8 closed and / or blocked.
  • Such external influences are, for example, a faulty narrowing and / or covering of the exhaust path 8 by craftsmen, by malfunction of an exhaust gas flap and / or icing of the exhaust gas path 8 in winter. Due to the same reasons, the cross-section for the air supply 4 can be narrowed erroneously.
  • the supply air duct 4 is thus assigned to the exhaust duct 8 in effect. Due to the constriction in Zu Kunststoff- or exhaust path 8, the measured speed signal 12 is assigned to a different air flow 4, as in the adjustment of the characteristic after FIG. 2 the case was.
  • the measured speed 12 is assigned a ionisationsstrom-desired value 15 via a characteristic curve 16.
  • the speed 12 corresponds to an air flow rate 4 corresponding to the flow resistance of the supply / exhaust path 8 as in the recording of the characteristic curve 16. Changes in the length, in cross section, bends, etc. of the supply air exhaust path 8 within a predetermined tolerance of the flow resistance only affect slightly on the assignment of speed 12 to air flow 4 off. Thus, an air flow rate 4 is set sufficiently accurately over a predetermined speed 12.
  • Characteristic curve 16 sets an ionization current desired value.
  • the amount of fuel 6 is controlled via a closed loop so that the measured ionization current 14 is equal to the predetermined value from the characteristic curve 16. So within the given tolerances, the amount of air is allocated to the fuel quantity.
  • characteristic curve 16 of the ionisationsstrom-desired value 15 above the measured fan speed 12 is obtained via the closed loop, a dependence of the fuel flow rate 6 over the speed 12.
  • the closed loop controls the amount of fuel 6 such that the ionization current value 14 is equal to the target value 15 .
  • the fuel throughput 6 is represented by the fuel valve driver 13, since control 13 and fuel flow rate 6 can be reversibly unambiguously assigned to each other. This is at least as long as that the amount of air is kept constant.
  • the fuel flow rate 6 could be determined directly, for example by a flow measuring device.
  • the dependence of the fuel-actuator control 13 as a measure of the fuel flow rate 6 of the fan speed 12 as a measure of the air flow rate 4 is in FIG. 3 recorded. Since the characteristic in addition to the valve characteristics of external conditions such as fuel and / or fuel inlet pressure depends, two characteristics 17 and 18 are initially stored in the burner control 10. The two characteristics 17 and 18 correspond to fixed, but different external conditions. Thus, the characteristic curve 17 was determined, for example, with a low-calorie fuel and / or a low fuel input pressure. Characteristic 18, however, was determined with a high calorific fuel and / or a high fuel input pressure. The currently valid characteristic curve 19 is determined from the determined by the control device 10 current, stationary fuel position 13 for equality of setpoint 15 and 14 actual value of the ionization.
  • All other characteristic points of the characteristic 19 are then determined from this point and the two characteristic curves 17 and 18 as weighted by a factor R (geometric and / or arithmetic) mean.
  • R can be determined from the position point 13 of the fuel valve at a given speed 12 and the two lying on the curves 17 and 18 points to the same speed 12.
  • the ratio of the distance between the characteristic curves 19 and 17 to the distance between the characteristic curves 19 and 18 is the same.
  • the weighting factor R is averaged in two ways.
  • the weighting factor R is averaged over a period of, for example, 10 seconds, 15 seconds or 20 seconds.
  • the weighting factor R is averaged over a longer time of, for example, 30 seconds, 45 seconds or 60 seconds.
  • the averaging makes it possible to even better dampen fluctuations in the system. For example, moving average filters and / or low-pass filters are used as averaging.
  • the threshold for the normalized difference may be 5% of the lower value, or 20% of the lower value, or even 100% of the lower value.
  • the test procedure for coverage is through FIG. 4 clarified.
  • the ionisationsstrom-desired value 15 is shown on the air ratio ⁇ 20.
  • the rotational speed 12 For each power, represented by the rotational speed 12, there results a characteristic curve 21 which is determined by the burner electrode system 1, 7 and the supply air / exhaust gas path 8. If you are In normal operation, so the setpoint current 22 from the characteristic curve 16 in.
  • the currently specified speed 12 FIG. 2 determined.
  • the measured ionization current 14 is then regulated equal to the desired value 15 via the closed ionization control loop.
  • the desired value 15 is identical to the reference current 22 for this rotational speed.
  • the desired ⁇ value 23 for the current rotational speed value 12 is obtained via the characteristic curve 21.
  • the current rotational speed 12 is recorded. It is checked whether speed 12 and ionization current 14 are stationary at the desired set point, so that the generation of a test request for steady-state control is not corrupted by the influence of rapid changes in the output of the burner device.
  • no sampled measured value may be outside the band.
  • rotational speed measured values 12 are compared with one another at regular intervals.
  • a stationary condition also prevails here when the last measured speed 12 deviates by less than 1 percent, less than 10 percent, or further by less than 50 percent from the previously measured speed value 12.
  • Typical regular intervals for comparison are speed values 12 of at least 2 seconds, at least 10 seconds or at least 20 seconds.
  • the next test step is initiated, in which the ionisationsstrom setpoint 15 is increased to a value 24 with the closed loop.
  • increasing the loop closed loop ionization current setpoint to a value 24 is an increase of 5 percent, 20 percent, or 100 percent measured from the previously adjusted ionization current set point.
  • the speed 12 is kept constant.
  • the characteristic curve 21 is not changed, because there is no cover, the actual value 14 is likewise regulated to the desired value 24 after a short time.
  • the short time is, for example, 3 seconds or 10 seconds or 20 seconds.
  • the ⁇ value is 25.
  • the ionization current control loop delivers a stable result. How to get in FIG. 4 In this case, value 23 is still sufficiently far away from the critical ⁇ range 26 in which CO emissions occur.
  • the critical ⁇ range includes, for example, air ratios ⁇ less than 1.15, in particular less than 1.10, less than 1.05 or even less than 1.00.
  • the setpoint is reset to the operating value 22.
  • the freezing of the speed 12 is released.
  • the short waiting time until the control loop settles is, for example, 1 second or 5 seconds or 10 seconds.
  • the speed specification and thus the power setting can again be made by higher-level units, for example a temperature control.
  • test is passed as in the case presented, further tests can be carried out at short intervals of, for example, more than one minute. Further tests continue until a specified number of tests, for example 5 tests or 10 tests or 15 tests, have been passed. Furthermore, a test can also be requested and / or carried out after a power change, that is to say after a burner modulation, and / or after a burner start.
  • test request For example, a test for a speed change may be requested by a certain amount when the speed 12 is sufficiently stable at a condition. A test can also be requested cyclically at certain specified time intervals. In another case, a test request is cyclically and / or after speed changes after predetermined time intervals. The possibilities mentioned are useful if, for example, another control algorithm without a weighting factor is used.
  • FIG. 5 the behavior of the test procedure is shown when a cover and / or blocking is present so that just no critical combustion values occur in normal operation.
  • the characteristic curve 21 dependent on the burner system is changed and shows a course as represented by characteristic curve 27.
  • the state with CO emissions preferably lasts less than 15 seconds, more preferably less than 10 seconds, more preferably less than 5 seconds.
  • FIG. 6 the behavior of the test procedure is shown when there is coverage and / or jamming that produces critical combustion values.
  • the value 22 of the ionization current setpoint is again determined by characteristic curve 16 at a stable speed 12.
  • a ⁇ value 31 results for the operating case.
  • the ⁇ value 31 is already in the critical combustion range with too high CO emissions. If the test sequence described above is now carried out, no point on the characteristic curve 30 can be found for the set ionization current desired value 24.
  • the ionisationsstrom-control circuit seeks a corresponding value by ⁇ by ever increasing the amount of fuel, in particular the amount of gas reduced.
  • the control loop breaks. By the decrease of the ionization current with the air ratio ⁇ 20 in characteristic curve 30 for ⁇ ⁇ 1, the effect even increases.
  • the fuel valve 5 comes to its maximum possible open position. It drives to the stop or it is already before a flame break.
  • the control circuit outputs a signal to a fuel valve taking into account a set value of the ionization current.
  • the ionization current control loop for a given ionization current setpoint thus no longer has a suitable air ratio ⁇ and no suitable stationary position of the fuel valve. Consequently, at least one nominal value of the ionization current exists in the critical combustion region, for which a stationary mathematical transfer function does not remain finite.
  • the mathematical transfer function describes the output of the control loop to the fuel valve in response to a finite measurement of the ionization current. In particular, the mathematical transfer function describes the output of the control loop without consideration of technical limits for the output signal of an electrical control loop.
  • Stationary control means that with constant (changes in) the input quantities (in) of the transfer function after finite time and after settling of transients no change of the output quantity to the fuel actuator occurs any more.
  • Input variables in this context are, for example, the ionization current setpoint and / or external disturbances.
  • ionization current setpoint and / or disturbances all system variables are at a fixed, unchanged value. This applies in particular to the output size of the control loop to the fuel valve. Accordingly, this also applies to the actuating signal 13 to the fuel valve 5.
  • the transfer function is the transfer function of the closed loop including the transfer function of the control and measurement path (as sub-functions).
  • the measured variable actual ionization current, but also the valve control to the controlled system, are internal system variables for the transfer function of the control loop.
  • Further control loop functions are the setpoint-actual value comparison and the controller as well as possible drivers for the valve control.
  • the control loop is, for example, a proportional / integral control loop and / or a proportional / integral / derivative control loop.
  • the breaking of the control loop is detected when the drive signal 13 has exceeded the value for the maximum possible open position of the fuel valve 5. In some cases, the maximum possible control 13 of the fuel valve is limited and / or the stroke of the maximum opening of the fuel valve 5 is measured. A break-up of the control loop is then detected when a predetermined period of time is exceeded in which the fuel valve 5 is in its maximum position.
  • a third possibility of detecting a broken loop is to detect the exceeding of a time duration in which the ionization current actual signal 14 during the test phase with increased ionization current setpoint 24 outside of a defined in the control, control and / or monitoring unit 10 band to the ionization current setpoint 24 is located. According to another possibility for detecting the breaking of the control loop, the flame separation during the test is to be regarded as break-up of the control loop.
  • the difference between the ionisationsstrom setpoint in the operating case 22 and the ionization current setpoint in test case 24 determines the point by which the critical region 26 is defined. This difference determines the maximum CO value without safety shutdown including a possible safety distance. In a particularly preferred embodiment, only one difference is defined for all speed values 12 in the control, control and / or monitoring unit 10. Then, the difference is to be chosen so that of all possible fan speeds 12, for a cover with an associated change of the curve 21, the highest value must be selected. The blower speeds 12 corresponding to all possible burner powers with associated critical areas 26.
  • the significant speed values include the maximum and minimum modulation depth of the plant. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the significant speed values are not limited to the maximum and minimum modulation levels.
  • the system may continue operating with or without safety shutdown, with multiple tests being repeated shortly after the failed test. Only after a predetermined number of failed tests and / or after a given relative frequency of failed tests then takes place an imposition.
  • This approach has the advantage that short-term covers and / or very strong influences that simulate a cover of the supply air / exhaust system 8, do not bring the system out of action. High availability is guaranteed. As short-term covers and / or very strong influences come, for example, strong wind into consideration.
  • reaction Another possibility of the reaction is the displacement of the ionisation current desired value 14 by a predetermined increment until the test repeated at short intervals is passed successfully.
  • this increased availability is offset by a period of operation during the test sequence where the device can produce critical emissions.
  • this reaction is therefore less preferred.
  • a very large (significant) correction can be selected. It is also possible to accurately correct the characteristic 16 via other known drift corrections at the corresponding speed points.
  • the test is representative of a particular speed band of speed 12. Such a validation band is typically ⁇ 300 revolutions per minute, ⁇ 400 revolutions per minute or ⁇ 800 revolutions per minute depending on the blower type. Therefore, once a test is requested, another test must be performed after each adjustment of the power (modulation) over the fan speed 12, which is greater than the specified band. Equally, a new test is then requested after each startup. Tests are carried out after changing the speed 12 (power adjustment) and / or after each start-up until a specified number of tests have been passed. According to a specific embodiment tests are carried out until a predetermined percentage of tests is passed. Preferably, at least 50 percent, more preferably at least 80 percent, more preferably at least 95 percent of the tests are passed.
  • the bands 32 are thus advantageous if a test has been requested and passed. It can thus be ensured that follow-up tests are actually only carried out at another rotational speed 12 from another band 32. The test sequence will be terminated if the tests were successful at sufficiently wide rotational speeds 12.
  • Typical bandwidths are typically ⁇ 300 revolutions per minute, ⁇ 400 revolutions per minute or ⁇ 800 revolutions per minute depending on the blower type.
  • the person skilled in the art recognizes that the bands 32 can also overlap so that a test can be assigned to two bands 32. You could as well instead set less bands and a higher bandwidth. This measure can reduce the number of tests. The distance between the rotational speeds 12 for follow-up tests is thus increased.
  • the drift of a burner-electrode system must be determined by deposits and / or by bending the ionization electrode at regular time intervals at specific rotational speed points. For execution, the respective specified speed point must be reached for the drift test. The heat must be dissipated there for a short while. Especially at very low speeds corresponding to small burner performance such tests are difficult to perform due to wind influences. If the drift test points at higher speeds can not be achieved because the heat can not be dissipated, the system must shut down before the drift test point is reached. The drift test can not be performed.
  • a test disclosed herein is then requested and executed when the predefined time period for drift correction has expired and drift correction could not be performed.
  • All speed bands 32 are initially marked as not tested. In the band 32, in which currently the speed 12 is sufficiently stationary, then the test is performed. This tape 32 is marked as tested if the test was successful. Upon reaching another belt 32 with sufficient stationary speed 12, a test is then performed in this other belt 32. This other band 32 is also marked as tested in the case of a successful test procedure. In all bands 32 marked as tested, a test is no longer performed when the rotational speed 12 reaches one of those bands 32 again. In bands 32 marked as untested, the test is performed. The respective speed band 32 is marked after successful completion of the test as tested.
  • the alternative tests are performed including resetting the band marks until a speed of 12 is reached, and there drift correction has been successfully performed according to a known method.
  • a safety shutdown with fault occurs only if a test is not passed, ie a critical condition has occurred and / or threatens to occur.
  • the respective speed band 32 remain marked as untested. The tests can be repeated several times until a fault is generated after the number of failed tests. This further improves availability.
  • a fault occurs when no test has been carried out during the predetermined time, that is to say that no steady-state condition is reached even for a short time. For this very unlikely case, a safety shutdown with fault position is recommended, as the burner output is unstable over a longer period of time.
  • the above-described measure can significantly increase the availability of the burner system.
  • an increase in the availability of non-feasible drift tests and a recognition of spontaneous coverage and / or spontaneous blocking can be combined with one another.
  • the neural network has a series of input neurons, which together form the input layer.
  • the input neurons are set with input data such as fuel valve position 13, ionization current 14, fan speed 12.
  • the input data is normalized before the input neurons are set.
  • the neural network also has at least one output neuron.
  • the entirety of the output neurons forms the output layer.
  • the at least one output neuron outputs a number between 0 and 1, or between 0% and 100%, indicating the degree of coverage and / or blocking.
  • the output neuron of the particular embodiment can be implemented, for example, by a sigmoid or tan hyperbolic (tanh) activation function.
  • the at least one output neuron outputs a number, such as 0 or 1, which in the case of 0 indicates that there is no coverage and / or blocking. In the case of an output of 1, however, there is a cover and / or blocking.
  • the output neuron The simplified embodiment can be realized for example by means of a step function.
  • the neural network has at least two output neurons.
  • a first output neuron corresponds to the specific embodiment from above, that is, a coverage degree is output.
  • a second output neuron corresponds to the aforementioned simplified embodiment. So there is 0 or 1 corresponding to no coverage or existing coverage.
  • the neural network also has at least one hidden layer of neurons.
  • the at least one hidden layer of neurons has 7, 8 or 9 neurons.
  • the at least one hidden layer of neurons has 3, 4 or 5 neurons.
  • the hidden layer neurons are typically perceptron neurons that operate according to a sigmoid or a tangent hyperbolic (tanh) activation function.
  • each neuron of the at least one hidden layer is associated with each neuron of the input layer.
  • each neuron of the at least one hidden layer is connected to each neuron of the output layer.
  • each neuron may have a distortion connection and / or a distortion parameter which determines the activation function of the respective neuron.
  • the connections of the neural network have weights which are determined by training the neural network.
  • the neural network is trained via error feedback. For this purpose, a set of input and output values determined under test conditions is used. At the same time an error function is defined. The error function is then minimized using a method such as error feedback under the given input and output values.
  • an evolutionary algorithm such as a genetic algorithm, is used to minimize the error function.
  • the learning methods for minimizing the error function can be combined with each other. For example, using a genetic algorithm, a set of weights can be determined that is close to the global minimum. Subsequently, the global minimum of the error function is determined via error feedback and / or via a gradient descent method.
  • the combined use of learning methods has the advantage that it is more likely that a global minimum and not just a local minimum of the error function will be determined.
  • the neural network can be trained so that covers and / or blocks are detected with high probability. At the same time there is the possibility of a false report of a cover and / or blocking in this case.
  • the neural network can be selected by choosing a Error function are trained so that an interruption-free operation is largely guaranteed. In that case, it may happen that a cover and / or blocking is not recognized. It is also possible for this case that a cover and / or blocking is not recognized until it has progressed far.
  • the neural network disclosed here can also be used to detect the drift of an ionization electrode and / or other states of a burner system.
  • the neural network can be practically implemented on the control device 10 by the structure of the network is stored in the control device 10.
  • the structure of the network includes, for example, the number and type of neurons per layer and the connections between the neurons.
  • an optimal set of weightings of the connections is deposited.
  • the control device loads to evaluate a present situation of the neural network according to the deposited structure.
  • the weightings of the connections are set according to the stored record.
  • the input parameters such as fuel supply 13, fan speed 12 and signal of the ionization electrode 14 are possibly normalized and set as input values.
  • the neural network By activating the neural network, it generates one or more output values that indicate coverage and / or blocking and / or the degree thereof.
  • the output value or the output values are processed as usual. For example, interlocks and / or error messages can be initiated by the output values.
  • a cover and / or blocking is output by the neural network, a previously described test is carried out by the control device 10 for steady-state operation.
  • Portions of a controller or method according to the present disclosure may be implemented as hardware, as a software module executed by a computing unit, or a cloud computer, or as a combination of the foregoing.
  • the software may include firmware, a hardware driver running within an operating system, or an application program.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a computer program product that incorporates the features of this disclosure or performs the necessary steps.
  • the functions described may be stored as one or more instructions on a computer-readable medium.
  • RAM random access memory
  • MRAM magnetic random access memory
  • ROM read only memory
  • EPROM electronically programmable ROM
  • EEPROM electronically programmable and erasable ROM
  • register Hard disk a removable storage device
  • optical storage any suitable medium that can be accessed by a computer or other IT devices and applications.
  • the present disclosure teaches a control device for controlling combustion through a burner system as a function of a setpoint ionization current value, the burner system comprising a flame region (2) and at least one ionization electrode (7) arranged in a flame region (2) of the burner system an air actuator (3) configured to influence a supply amount of air in response to an air adjusting signal (11); and a fuel actuator (5) configured to supply a supply amount of fuel depending on one To influence fuel control signal (13), wherein the control device (10) is designed to receive signals (14) from the at least one ionization electrode (7) and process them to actual values of an ionization current, wherein the control device (10) is adapted to generate a first air control signal (11) and to output to the air actuator (3) and by controlling the actual values of the ionization current to the ionisationsstrom setpoint a fuel control signal (13) to generate and output to the fuel actuator (5), to generate from the ionisationsstrom setpoint increased by a predetermined amount setpoint (24) and at
  • the control device (10) is preferably designed to generate a fuel control signal (13) by controlling the actual values of the ionization current to the increased desired value, wherein the control comprises comparing the actual values of the ionization current with the increased desired value, the generating an error signal from the comparing and generating a fuel control signal (13) from the error signal.
  • the generated, modified fuel control signal (13) is also output to the fuel actuator (5).
  • the air actuator (3) is preferably designed to influence a supply amount of air to the flame region (2) in response to an air-control signal (11).
  • the fuel actuator (5) is preferably designed to influence a supply amount of fuel to the flame region (2) in dependence on a fuel control signal (13).
  • the increased set point (24) is preferably an increased one ionization current setpoint (24).
  • the predetermined amount is preferably stored in (a memory) of the control device.
  • the first air control signal (11) is preferably constant over time.
  • the first air control signal (11) is preferably unaffected by the control to the increased set point (24).
  • the air actuator (3) is adapted to influence supply amounts of air in response to air control signals (11) and to report an air quantity signal (12) to the control device (10).
  • the transients preferably preferably decay within no more than 5 seconds, no more than 15 seconds, no more than 60 seconds, or no more than 5 minutes.
  • the control device (10) is preferably designed to generate a modified fuel control signal (13) in the first air control signal (11) by regulating the actual values of the ionization current to the increased setpoint value (24), the control comprising a comparison the actual values of the ionization current with the increased setpoint value (24), the generation of an error signal from the comparison, and the generation of an altered fuel adjustment signal (13) from the error signal.
  • the predetermined amount is at least 5 percent, at least 20 percent, or even at least 100 percent of the ionization current setpoint.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is designed to evaluate the air control signal (11) and / or the actual values of the ionization current (14) and to check for the presence of a steady state a stationary state is present when the air control signal (11) and / or the actual values of the ionization current (14) fluctuate within respectively predetermined bands.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the air actuator (3) is adapted to influence supply quantities of air in dependence on air control signals (11) and an air quantity signal (12) to the control device (10) report, and wherein the control device (10) is adapted to evaluate the air control signal (11) and / or the reported air flow signal (12) and / or the actual values of the ionization current (14) and the presence of a steady state wherein a stationary state is present when the air control signal (11) and / or the reported air flow signal (12) and / or the actual values of the ionization flow (14) fluctuate within respectively predetermined bands.
  • the generated air control signals (11) and the actual values of the ionization flow preferably fluctuate within respective given bands by deviations of at most ⁇ 1 percent, of at most ⁇ 10 percent or even of at most ⁇ 50 percent about the respective mean values.
  • arithmetic or geometric mean values are possible as average values.
  • these may be adaptively formed mean values.
  • the control device (10) comprises an (adaptive) low-pass filter which performs the formation of average values. The averages are averaged, for example, for at least 2 seconds, at least 10 seconds or at least 20 seconds.
  • the distances between the respective maximum and minimum values from the mean value are provided as a measure of the deviations. Furthermore, deviations from the standard deviation of the mean and its multiples as well as the variance come into consideration.
  • the generated air control signals (11) and / or rotational speed signals (12) are compared with each other at regular intervals.
  • a steady state also prevails here when the last generated air control signal (11) and / or speed signal (12) by less than 1 percent, less than 10 percent, or further by less than 50 percent of the previously used Beerstellsignal (11) and / or speed signal (12) deviates.
  • Typical regular intervals for the comparison of the aerial control signals (11) and / or rotational speed signals (12) are at least 2 seconds, at least 10 seconds or at least 20 seconds.
  • the processing of the signals (14) from the at least one ionization electrode (7) to actual values of the ionization current preferably comprises processing in an analog-to-digital converter.
  • the control device (10) comprises the analog-to-digital converter.
  • the person skilled in the art selects an analog-to-digital converter with suitable resolution and speed.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is formed, depending on a processed to an actual value of the ionization current signal (14) of the at least one ionization electrode (7) and in dependence on the ionization current setpoint to generate a steady state fuel actuation signal (13) which, within a steady state control range, allows stationary control of combustion by the combustor and to output the steady state fuel actuation signal (13) thus generated to the fuel actuator (5).
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is designed based on the evaluation to determine that the control device (10) using the elevated setpoint (24) outside the control range for a stationary control of combustion by the Burner system controls, if the basis of the increased setpoint (24) generated fuel control signal (13) exceeds a predetermined maximum value.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is designed based on the evaluation to determine that the control device (10) using the elevated setpoint (24) outside the control range for a stationary control of combustion by the Burner system controls, if the fuel control signal (13) generated based on the increased setpoint (24) exceeds a predetermined maximum value during a predetermined period of time.
  • the predetermined maximum value is preferably stored as a value (matched to the burner system) in the control device (10).
  • the predetermined period of time is preferably stored as a value (matched to the burner system) in the control device (10).
  • the predetermined period of time is less than 1 second, less than 10 seconds or less than 60 seconds according to a particular embodiment.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the predetermined maximum value corresponds to a maximum open position of the fuel actuator (5).
  • the maximum opening position of the fuel actuator (5) is preferably stored (as a value) in (a memory) of the control direction.
  • the fuel actuator (5) is adjustable and / or in the maximum open position of the fuel actuator (5), the throughput (6) of fuel can not be increased by adjusting the fuel actuator (5).
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is formed, depending on a processed to an actual value of the ionization current signal (14) of the at least one ionization electrode (7) and in dependence on the ionization current setpoint generate steady state fuel actuation signal (13) which, within a steady state control range, allows stationary control of combustion by the combustor and to store the steady state fuel actuation signal (13) thus generated; wherein the control device (10) is designed to form a difference from the fuel control signal (13) generated on the basis of the increased setpoint value and the stored stationary fuel control signal (13).
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is designed to determine, by evaluating the fuel control signal (13) generated from the increased setpoint, that the control device (10) is operated using the increased setpoint (24). controls outside of a control range for a stationary control of combustion by the burner system, if the difference formed exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is designed to be a value as a function of a difference, which is determined from the basis of increased setpoint generated fuel actuating signal (13) and the stored stationary fuel control signal (13) was formed, wherein the control device (10) is designed to determine, by evaluating the fuel control signal (13) generated on the basis of the increased setpoint value, that the control device (10) uses the increased setpoint value (24) outside of a control range for stationary control of combustion the burner system controls, if the value generated as a function of the difference exceeds a predetermined threshold.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is formed, depending on a processed to an actual value of the ionization current signal (14) of the at least one ionization electrode (7) and in dependence on the ionization current setpoint generate stationary fuel control signal (13), which allows within a control range for a stationary control to control stationary combustion by the burner system, and the stationary fuel actuating signal (13) thus generated is stored, wherein the regulating device (10) is designed to generate an amount of a difference from the fuel actuating signal (13) generated on the basis of the increased setpoint (24) and the stored stationary fuel actuating signal ( 13) to form, and determine on the basis of the evaluation that the control device (10) regulates using the increased setpoint value (24) outside the control range for stationary control of the combustion by the burner system, if the amount formed exceeds a predetermined threshold value over an entire predetermined period of time (continuous and / or continuous).
  • the entire predetermined period of time is less than 1 second, less than 10 seconds or less than 60 seconds.
  • the above-mentioned function is the identity function or the magnitude function.
  • the function is a time derivative.
  • the function is a quotient of difference and time or a quotient of the amount of difference and time. For example, the time span between two actual values of the ionization current processed directly one after the other is considered as time. Furthermore, the period of time between two immediately successively received signals (14) of the ionization electrode (7), for example, comes into consideration.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is formed, depending on a processed to an actual value of the ionization current signal (14) of the at least one ionization electrode (7) and in dependence on the ionization current setpoint stationary fuel control signal (13) to produce, which within a Steady state control range allows stationary control of combustion by the burner plant, and the stationary fuel actuating signal (13) thus generated is stored, wherein the regulating device (10) is designed to generate an amount of a difference from the fuel actuating signal (13) generated on the basis of the increased setpoint (24) and the stored stationary fuel actuating signal ( 13) to form, and determine on the basis of the evaluation that the control device (10) regulates using the increased setpoint value (24) outside the control range for stationary control of the combustion by the burner system, If the amount formed continues to exceed a predetermined threshold after a predetermined period of time.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) has a communication interface for sending error messages and is designed to generate an error message if it is determined based on the evaluation that the control device (10) using the increased Set point (24) outside a control range for a stationary control of combustion by the burner system, wherein the control device (10) is designed to send the generated error message based on the communication interface.
  • the communication interface is a wireless interface and / or an interface of a CAN bus according to ISO 11898-1: 2015.
  • the interface is preferably compatible with a protocol, preferably a protocol of a CAN bus according to ISO 11898-1: 2015.
  • the error message is preferably sent using the protocol.
  • the error message is sent using the communication interface, for example, to a user interface such as a graphical user interface.
  • the sending of the error message on the basis of the communication interface can continue, for example, to a further unit such as a further control device (10) and / or a mobile terminal.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is adapted to generate a shutdown fuel control signal (13) for reducing the supply amount of fuel to zero and output to the fuel actuator (5), if based is determined on the evaluation that the control device (10) using the increased set point (24) outside a control range for a steady-state control of combustion by the burner system controls.
  • the fuel actuator (5) is lockable.
  • the output of the shutdown fuel control signal (13) to the fuel actuator (5) causes a locking of the Fuel actuator (5).
  • no fuel (6) can flow through the fuel actuator (5).
  • the burner system is in a safe condition during combustion without combustion.
  • the burner system and / or the fuel actuator (5) can go into faulty position.
  • the abovementioned output of the switching-off fuel actuating signal (13) takes place to the burner system, in particular to the fuel actuator (5). It causes a fault position of the burner system and / or the fuel actuator (5).
  • the fuel actuator (5) In fault position, the fuel actuator (5) is permanently locked. The fault position and thus the permanent locking is (exclusively) via a manual intervention, in particular a manual input, cancels.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device is designed to generate, store and output an air control signal (11) to the air actuator (3), wherein the control device (10) is adapted to generate from the ionisationsstrom setpoint increased by a predetermined amount setpoint and by regulation to the increased setpoint to generate a fuel control signal (13) and output to the fuel actuator (5) and simultaneously or substantially simultaneously, the stored air control signal (11) to the air actuator (3) output.
  • the generated and stored air control signal (11) enables a stationary control of the combustion by the burner system.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is designed to generate a further desired value (24) following the evaluation, by controlling the actual values of the ionization current to the further setpoint (24) to produce a further, modified fuel control signal (13), which allows within a control range for a stationary control, stationary control of combustion by the burner system, and to issue the further modified fuel control signal (13) to the fuel actuator (5).
  • the control device (10) is designed to generate a further desired value (24) following the evaluation, by controlling the actual values of the ionization current to the further setpoint (24) to produce a further, modified fuel control signal (13), which allows within a control range for a stationary control, stationary control of combustion by the burner system, and to issue the further modified fuel control signal (13) to the fuel actuator (5).
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) has a settable register value for initiating a check for steady-state control using the increased setpoint (24) and is designed to form pairs of an air control signal (11 ) and to generate a fuel actuating signal (13), wherein the control device (10) is adapted to calculate a characteristic value (19) from the fuel control signal (13) and the air control signal (11) from each of the pairs generated, so that for each pair generated a calculated characteristic value (19) is present wherein the control device (10) is designed to average the calculated characteristic values (19) to a first mean value based on a first predetermined time constant, wherein the control device (10) is designed to average the calculated characteristic values (19) based on a second predetermined time constant to a second average value, wherein the controller (10) is adapted to calculate a difference between the first average and the second average and to compare the calculated difference with a predetermined threshold, and set the register value to initiate a steady state check using the increased setpoint (24) if the
  • control device (10) is designed to calculate from each of the generated pairs a characteristic value (19) as a function of the fuel control signal (13), stored characteristic values (17, 18) and the air control signal (11) such that a calculated characteristic value (19) is present for each pair produced.
  • the control device (10) is formed from each of the generated pairs a characteristic value (19) as a quotient of the difference between the fuel control signal (13) and a determined using the air control signal (11) value of a characteristic (17 ) or (18) and the difference of values of the two characteristic curves (17) and (18) determined with the aid of the air adjusting signal (11) such that a calculated characteristic value (19) is present for each pair produced.
  • control device comprises one or more low-pass filters for performing the averaging on the first and / or the second mean value.
  • the first and / or the second mean value are geometric and / or arithmetic mean values.
  • the threshold for a (normalized) difference of the two means is 5 percent, 20 percent or even 100 percent.
  • the threshold value is preferably stored in the control device (10) (value matched to the burner system).
  • the first time constant is 10, 15 or 20 seconds.
  • the second time constant is different from the first time constant and 30, 45 or 60 seconds.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the air actuator (3) is adapted to influence a supply amount of air in response to an air control signal (11) by setting a rotational speed (12) within an adjustable rotational speed range, wherein the control device (10) is designed to subdivide the adjustable speed range into at least two speed bands (32), select one of the at least two speed bands (32), to generate within the selected speed band (32) a second air control signal (11), to generate a desired value (24) increased by a predetermined amount from the ionization current desired value, in the second air control signal (11) by controlling the actual values of the ionization current to the increased set point (24) to produce a modified fuel control signal (13), to evaluate the changed fuel control signal (13) generated from the increased setpoint (24) to determine whether the controller (10) controls using the increased setpoint (24) outside a control range for stationary control of combustion by the burner plant, wherein the controller (10) has settable register values for each of the at least two speed bands (32) and is configured to set the register value
  • the second air control signal (11) is preferably constant over time.
  • the second air control signal (11) is preferably unaffected by the control to the increased set point (24).
  • the second air control signal (11) is equal to the first air control signal (11).
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the controller (10) divides the adjustable speed range of the speed (12) into individual speed bands (32), and wherein a steady state control with increased ionization current setpoint at a speed within a speed range (32) provides a representative result for all other speeds (12) in relation to whether the current air ratio in operation ⁇ (20) is within or outside a ⁇ range (26).
  • control device (10) is designed to re-regulate the actual values of the ionization current for air control signals (11) within a speed band (32) for which the settable register value is set to the increased set point (24).
  • the ⁇ region (26) is defined by increased or critical emissions occurring during operation within the ⁇ region (26).
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the register values that can be set for each of the at least two speed bands (32) are erasable and the control device (10) is designed to erase all of the register values that can be set for each of the at least two speed bands (32).
  • the present disclosure further teaches the aforesaid control device having the speed range of the speed (12) divided into markable speed bands (32), the control means being arranged to cancel and / or undo the marks for each speed band (32) after a predetermined period of time and / or reset.
  • the control device is designed, as a result of the canceled and / or reversed and / or reset markings for each speed band (32) within each speed band (32) with canceled and / or undone and / or reset mark testing for stationary behavior under increased ionisationsstrom Setpoint. Typical values of the given period of time are 10 hours or 30 hours or 100 hours.
  • the present disclosure further teaches the above-mentioned controller with the speed range (12) divided into speed bands (32). wherein the control device is designed to carry out other monitoring and / or correction mechanisms effectively, wherein the control device is designed to perform a test on stationary behavior under increased ionisationsstrom setpoint when a stored in the control device (10) predetermined time threshold value is exceeded since the effective implementation of other monitoring and / or correction mechanisms, and to prevent a test for steady-state behavior under increased ionization current setpoint, if the other monitoring and / or correction mechanisms can be effectively performed.
  • the present disclosure further teaches a burner assembly comprising a flame section (2) and at least one ionization electrode (7) disposed in the flame section (2) of the burner system and an air actuator (3) which supplies a supply of air in response to an air control signal (11), and a fuel actuator (5) which influences a supply amount of fuel in response to a fuel adjusting signal (13), the burner system additionally comprising one of the aforementioned control devices (10), wherein the control device (10) communicatively (11-14) is connected to the at least one ionization electrode (7), the air actuator (3) and the fuel actuator (5).
  • the present disclosure further teaches a control device for controlling combustion through a burner system as a function of an ionization current setpoint, the burner system comprising a flame region (2) and at least one ionization electrode (7) arranged in the flame region (2) of the burner system and an air An actuator (3) configured to affect a supply amount of air in response to an air-adjusting signal (11), and a fuel actuator (5) configured to supply a supply of fuel in response to a fuel-adjusting signal (13) influence wherein the control device (10) is designed to receive signals (14) from the at least one ionization electrode (7) and process them to actual values of an ionization current, wherein the control device (10) is designed to generate a first air control signal (11) and to output it to the air actuator (3) and to regulate the actual values of the ionization current to the ionization current desired value, a fuel control signal (13).
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is designed to evaluate the air control signal (11) and / or the actual values of the ionization current (14) and to check for a lack of blocking Blocking is missing when the air control signal (11) and / or the actual values of the ionization current (14) fluctuate within respectively predetermined bands.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the combustor includes an exhaust path, preferably an exhaust path in (direct) fluid communication with the flame section (2) of the combustor, and the blockage is blockage of the exhaust path.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is formed, wherein the control device (10) is designed to detect the blockage based on the evaluation if the fuel control signal generated based on the increased setpoint (24) (13) exceeds the predetermined maximum value during a predetermined period of time.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the predetermined maximum value corresponds to a maximum open position of the fuel actuator (5).
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is formed, depending on a processed to an actual value of the ionization current signal (14) of the at least one ionization electrode (7) and in dependence on the ionization current setpoint generate stationary fuel control signal (13), which allows, within a control range for a steady-state control, stable combustion, that is to say stationary, regulation by the burner system, and to store the stationary fuel control signal (13) thus generated, wherein the control device (10) is adapted to form a difference from the fuel control signal (13) generated on the basis of the increased setpoint (24) and the stored stationary fuel control signal (13), and wherein the control device (10) is designed to detect the blockage based on the evaluation of the fuel control signal (13) generated on the basis of the increased setpoint value (24), if the difference formed or a value generated as a function of the difference formed exceeds a predetermined threshold value.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is formed, depending on a processed to an actual value of the ionization current signal (14) of the at least one ionization electrode (7) and in dependence on the ionization current setpoint generate stationary fuel control signal (13), which allows, within a control range for a steady-state control, stable combustion, that is to say stationary, regulation by the burner system, and to store the stationary fuel control signal (13) thus generated, wherein the control device (10) is adapted to form an amount of a difference from the fuel control signal (13) and the stored stationary fuel control signal (13) generated from the increased setpoint (24), and wherein the control device (10) is designed to detect the blockage based on the evaluation of the fuel control signal (13) generated on the basis of the increased setpoint value (24), if the amount formed exceeds a predetermined threshold over a whole predetermined time period.
  • control device (10) has a communication interface for sending error messages and is designed to generate an error message if, based on the evaluation, the blocking is detected, wherein the control device (10) is designed to send the generated error message based on the communication interface.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is adapted to generate a shutdown fuel control signal (13) for reducing the supply amount of fuel to zero and output to the fuel actuator (5), if based on the evaluation the blocking is detected.
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) is designed to generate a further desired value (24) following the evaluation, by controlling the actual values of the ionization current to the further setpoint (24) to produce a further, modified fuel control signal (13), which allows within a control range for a stationary control to stably control a combustion by the burner system, and to issue the further modified fuel control signal (13) to the fuel actuator (5).
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the control device (10) has a settable register value for causing a check for the presence of the blockage using the increased setpoint value (24) and is designed to form pairs of an air control signal ( 11) and to generate a respective fuel actuating signal (13), wherein the control device (10) is adapted to calculate a characteristic value (19) from the fuel control signal (13) and the air control signal (11) from each of the pairs generated, so that for each pair generated a calculated characteristic value (19) is present wherein the control device (10) is designed to average the calculated characteristic values (19) to a first mean value based on a first predetermined time constant, wherein the control device (10) is designed to average the calculated characteristic values (19) based on a second predetermined time constant to a second average value, wherein the controller (10) is adapted to calculate a difference between the first average and the second average and to compare the calculated difference with a predetermined threshold, and set the register value to cause a check for the presence of the lock using the increased
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the air actuator (3) is adapted to influence a supply amount of air in response to an air control signal (11) by setting a rotational speed (12) within an adjustable rotational speed range.
  • the control device (10) is designed to subdivide the adjustable speed range into at least two speed bands (32), select one of the at least two speed bands (32), to generate within the selected speed band (32) a second air control signal (11), to generate a desired value (24) increased by a predetermined amount from the ionization current desired value,
  • the controller (10) has settable register values for each of the at least two speed bands (32) and is configured to set the register value for the selected speed band (32) based on the detected stall.
  • control device (10) is designed to re-regulate the actual values of the ionization current for air control signals (11) within a speed band (32) for which the settable register value is set to the increased set point (24).
  • the present disclosure further teaches one of the aforementioned control devices, wherein the register values that can be set for each of the at least two speed bands (32) are erasable and the control device (10) is designed to erase all of the register values that can be set for each of the at least two speed bands (32).
  • the present disclosure further teaches a burner assembly comprising a flame section (2) and at least one ionization electrode (7) disposed in a flame section (2) of the burner system and an air actuator (3) which supplies a supply of air in response to an air control signal (11), and a fuel actuator (5) which influences a supply amount of fuel in response to a fuel adjusting signal (13), the burner system additionally comprising one of the aforementioned control devices (10), wherein the control device (10) communicatively (11-14) is connected to the at least one ionization electrode (7), the air actuator (3) and the fuel actuator (5).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP18159377.3A 2017-03-27 2018-03-01 Détection d'un blocage Active EP3382277B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL18159377T PL3382277T3 (pl) 2017-03-27 2018-03-01 Rozpoznawanie zablokowania

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17163123 2017-03-27

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3382277A1 true EP3382277A1 (fr) 2018-10-03
EP3382277B1 EP3382277B1 (fr) 2021-09-29

Family

ID=58428207

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18159377.3A Active EP3382277B1 (fr) 2017-03-27 2018-03-01 Détection d'un blocage

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11231174B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3382277B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2902010T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUE057172T2 (fr)
PL (1) PL3382277T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101601709B1 (ko) * 2014-04-22 2016-03-10 주식회사 경동나비엔 가스 보일러의 배기 연도 폐쇄 감지 방법
US11428407B2 (en) 2018-09-26 2022-08-30 Cowles Operating Company Combustion air proving apparatus with burner cut-off capability and method of performing the same
DE102019208786A1 (de) * 2019-06-17 2020-12-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Fehlerdetektion in einer Fluidführungsvorrichtung

Citations (9)

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GB2286038A (en) * 1994-01-08 1995-08-02 Carver & Co Burner control apparatus
EP0770824A2 (fr) 1995-10-25 1997-05-02 STIEBEL ELTRON GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et circuit pour commander un brûleur à gaz
EP0806610A2 (fr) 1996-05-09 1997-11-12 STIEBEL ELTRON GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et dispositif pour le fonctionnement d'un brûleur à gaz
EP1293727B1 (fr) 2001-09-13 2005-11-23 Siemens Schweiz AG Appareil de commande d'un brûleur et méthode de réglage
EP1154203B1 (fr) 2000-05-12 2006-08-23 Siemens Schweiz AG Dispositif de mesure pour une flamme
EP1701096A1 (fr) * 2005-03-10 2006-09-13 Vaillant GmbH Procédé pour adapter la puissance de chauffage d'un appareil de chauffage à ventilation forcée aux pertes de pression individuelles d'une conduite d'amenée d'air frais et d'évacuation de gaz d'échappement
EP1750058A2 (fr) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-07 MERLONI TERMOSANITARI S.p.A. Procédé de régulation de combustion avec recherche guidée d'une valeur de consigne
EP2466204B1 (fr) 2010-12-16 2013-11-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de réglage pour une installation de brûleur
EP3045816A1 (fr) 2015-01-19 2016-07-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de réglage d'une installation de brûleur

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US4703306A (en) * 1986-09-26 1987-10-27 The Maytag Company Appliance system
US5632614A (en) * 1995-07-07 1997-05-27 Atwood Industries , Inc. Gas fired appliance igntion and combustion monitoring system
US7255285B2 (en) * 2003-10-31 2007-08-14 Honeywell International Inc. Blocked flue detection methods and systems
KR101601709B1 (ko) * 2014-04-22 2016-03-10 주식회사 경동나비엔 가스 보일러의 배기 연도 폐쇄 감지 방법

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2286038A (en) * 1994-01-08 1995-08-02 Carver & Co Burner control apparatus
EP0770824A2 (fr) 1995-10-25 1997-05-02 STIEBEL ELTRON GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et circuit pour commander un brûleur à gaz
EP0806610A2 (fr) 1996-05-09 1997-11-12 STIEBEL ELTRON GmbH & Co. KG Procédé et dispositif pour le fonctionnement d'un brûleur à gaz
EP1154203B1 (fr) 2000-05-12 2006-08-23 Siemens Schweiz AG Dispositif de mesure pour une flamme
EP1293727B1 (fr) 2001-09-13 2005-11-23 Siemens Schweiz AG Appareil de commande d'un brûleur et méthode de réglage
EP1701096A1 (fr) * 2005-03-10 2006-09-13 Vaillant GmbH Procédé pour adapter la puissance de chauffage d'un appareil de chauffage à ventilation forcée aux pertes de pression individuelles d'une conduite d'amenée d'air frais et d'évacuation de gaz d'échappement
EP1750058A2 (fr) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-07 MERLONI TERMOSANITARI S.p.A. Procédé de régulation de combustion avec recherche guidée d'une valeur de consigne
EP2466204B1 (fr) 2010-12-16 2013-11-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de réglage pour une installation de brûleur
EP3045816A1 (fr) 2015-01-19 2016-07-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif de réglage d'une installation de brûleur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11231174B2 (en) 2022-01-25
EP3382277B1 (fr) 2021-09-29
US20180274782A1 (en) 2018-09-27
PL3382277T3 (pl) 2022-03-07
ES2902010T3 (es) 2022-03-24
HUE057172T2 (hu) 2022-04-28

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