Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
  • B05D3/0209—Multistage baking
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
  • B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
  • B05D3/065—After-treatment
  • B05D3/067—Curing or cross-linking the coating
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
  • B05D5/06—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain multicolour or other optical effects
  • B05D5/061—Special surface effect
  • B05D5/062—Wrinkled, cracked or ancient-looking effect
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
  • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
  • B41J11/00—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form
  • B41J11/0015—Devices or arrangements  of selective printing mechanisms, e.g. ink-jet printers or thermal printers, for supporting or handling copy material in sheet or web form for treating before, during or after printing or for uniform coating or laminating the copy material before or after printing
  • B41J11/002—Curing or drying the ink on the copy materials, e.g. by heating or irradiating
  • B41J11/0021—Curing or drying the ink on the copy materials, e.g. by heating or irradiating using irradiation
  • B41J11/00214—Curing or drying the ink on the copy materials, e.g. by heating or irradiating using irradiation using UV radiation
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
  • B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
  • B05D3/0486—Operating the coating or treatment in a controlled atmosphere
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
  • B05D5/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures to obtain a matt or rough surface

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for producing surface effects, in particular in UV-curable layers, by means of microfiltration, as well as to a device for producing such layers and to an article obtained according to the invention.
• Another aspect of the invention relates to the provision of high energy
• Particle radiation for example UV radiation
• curable coating fluids which are processable by the method according to the invention.
• a matte surface has less than 20 GE. Difficulties arise, however, when using a coating system both matt and shiny areas are to be generated simultaneously, for example, to identify specific functional areas of a surface. It is also known to produce surfaces which have certain structures or a specific feel, that is to say a special tactile sensory impression. Even with these effects, however, the simultaneous production of areas with different visual or structural expression with one and the same coating system is currently only possible with a high expenditure on equipment.
• haptic and / or visual properties such as matt / gloss effects
• a simple possibility consists in the coating on a partially differently pretreated substrate.
• An example of this is the UV coating of a substrate previously pretreated with a poorly wettable oil pressure varnish or a special printing ink.
• the subsequent coating produces in this case on the pretreated areas a repulsion of the coating and thus a matte finish.
• a similar effect can also be produced in a still liquid coating before hardening, if the (partial) generation of a roughness succeeds with the help of high-energy radiation.
• German Patent Application DE 10 2006 042 063 A1 describes a method for adjusting the degree of gloss of surfaces which have been obtained by coating with UV or electron beam-curable coatings.
• initially short-wave monochromatic UV radiation acts on a coating applied to a substrate, so that polymerization and crosslinking occur only in the surface layer of the coating.
• electromagnetic radiation of a different, higher wavelength acts on the coating, with the result that crosslinking occurs over the entire thickness of the applied coating and the layer cures accordingly.
• a micro-folding which is fixed by the subsequent curing of the entire layer.
• the term "microfolding" is understood to mean the following phenomenon: the surface layer of a coating fluid applied in a first step becomes a skin-like layer, this means a layer with a
• Coating surface is a local change in the coating thickness, so that the thickness variations are at least in the single-digit micrometer range.
• the surface layer may be present folded.
• the applied coating fluid is cured over the entire volume.
• monochromatic radiation which is able to cause the microstructure by crosslinking of the surface layer, find it excimer radiators use.
• monochromatic radiation of the wavelengths 172 or 222 nm is used.
• the beam sources are designed so that a stable inert gas atmosphere is ensured and the inert gas is used simultaneously for cooling the radiator, so that the life of the excimer lamps is extended.
• the mechanism of the microplating described in the abovementioned industrial property applications is based on the combination of a low penetration depth of the radiation and thus a near-surface action with the property of the free-radically curable system to undergo a curing shrinkage in the polymerization reaction. Through these two effects a film floating on still liquid coating material is produced, which folds through the hardening shrinkage. In the case subsequently carried out second
• the still liquid intermediate region is also cured and combines with the substrate and the folded surface film.
• Required light source which is also different from the second light source, which is necessary for complete curing of the coating. This is due to the fact that the excimer radiation is strongly absorbed in coating solutions or paints, so that it comes only to the curing of a thin film, for example, only a few micrometers in thickness. If the paint layer is thicker than the depth of penetration of the total
• Laser radiation corresponds, is therefore for the curing of the paint layer over the entire thickness of the use of a second radiator with a different wavelength for this
• the object of the invention is to provide a method for simplified, low-cost matting of paint surfaces by micro-mingling, in particular a method with which only partial areas of a surface selectively matted or optical or tactile sensory Properties can be provided.
• different surface effects in different areas of a coating can be addressed, wherein the layer thickness of the coating between the individual areas can be different.
• the invention is solved in a surprisingly simple manner by a method according to claim 1, devices according to independent claims 19 and 23, and a coating fluid according to claim 24.
• Another aspect relates to products with micro-folded surfaces according to claim 29 produced in this way. Preferred embodiments can be found in the respective subclaims.
• the method for producing surface effects in a coating which is curable by high-energy particle radiation, in particular by UV radiation comprises the following steps:
• a coating fluid for example a lacquer which is free-radically curable, in particular UV-curable
• the coating fluid is designed so that the reactivity at the surface of the applied coating film is specifically different from the reactivity in the volume of the applied coating film.
• the irradiation of the coating takes place, wherein preferably UV-C radiation having a wavelength of 240 nm and more is introduced into the surface layer of the coating.
• the method is thus based on the same principle of microfolding, as well as by excimer radiation and subsequent post-curing by longer-wave UV radiation or Electron radiation is achieved.
• the advantage of the method according to the invention is that the surface reactivity is deliberately set differently to the volume reactivity. In this way it is possible, with longer-wave UV radiation than the above-mentioned excimer radiation, for example UV-C radiation of a commercially available medium-pressure mercury radiator, to produce a microfilling on the surface.
• Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the curing reaction of the surface and the volume is initiated with the usual in the industry mercury medium-pressure lamps. As a result, the user does not have to make additional investments or make modifications to his system.
• the effect according to the process is based on adapting the composition of the coating fluid such that the reactivity on the surface of the applied coating film differs specifically from the reactivity in the interior of the applied coating film. This is achieved by adding to the coating fluid two different photoinitiators which act differently, in particular in the form that a
• Coating film hardens less than its volume and corresponding to the surface the lacquer layer has only a low hardness or possibly is still completely liquid.
• the near-surface zone and the interior of the applied lacquer layer are substantially uniformly cured, ie the near-surface zone has almost the same degree of crosslinking as in the interior of the lacquer layer.
• a stronger and earlier crosslinking of the near-surface zone compared to the interior of the lacquer layer, which causes a microfolding is not possible with the abovementioned solutions.
• the surface layer comprises thicknesses between 10 nm and 1 ⁇ m
• the irradiation is carried out in two steps in the form that in the first step a smaller UV dose is irradiated, the micro-generation generates, and in a second step, the film is completely through-hardened, for both curing steps longer-wave UV radiation, for example that of a medium pressure UV radiator is used.
• both the micro-aging and the curing of the film it is also possible for both the micro-aging and the curing of the film to be achieved in an irradiation step.
• the coating material is designed accordingly, in particular by the absorption of UV radiation over the layer thickness of the coating agent varies.
• both the generation of the micro-cladding in the surface layer and the irradiation for curing the coating are effected in each case by means of a medium-pressure mercury radiator.
• a, preferably the same, medium pressure mercury radiator is used both for the irradiation of the surface layer and for the curing of the coating.
• the adjustment of the dose of UV radiation by adjusting the power of the medium-pressure mercury radiator takes place.
• the coating can be carried out in the form that a coating film is obtained, which has different layer thicknesses in certain areas. In these areas, each with different layer thickness different effects can be obtained.
• the application of the coating takes place only on parts of the substrate, so that at least one area of the substrate is uncoated and at least one other area of the substrate is coated.
• the application of the coating takes place over the entire surface of the substrate, wherein furthermore the layer thickness can be different in different areas.
• the irradiation of the surface layer preferably takes place over the entire surface.
• the irradiation takes place in at least one subarea in such a way that only in this subarea treated in this way are surface effects due to
• the only local irradiation of the surface layer for microfilling takes place in at least one subregion through a mask or stencil which shades regions of the emitter, or by means of a spatially resolved scanning of the coating surface.
• the scanning is carried out by scanning the surface line by line and further the line is divided into individual pixels or pixels and each line is associated with each feed of the scan head.
• the irradiation is preferably carried out by UV radiation under an inert gas atmosphere, preferably a nitrogen atmosphere.
• the residual oxygen content is preferably less than 5000 ppm, particularly preferably less than 1000 ppm or very particularly preferably less than 500 ppm.
• the application of the coating fluid by means of a printing process, for example by gravure, flexographic printing, screen printing, pad printing or inkjet printing, or by rolling, flooding, knife coating, casting, such as curtain or slot casting, dipping spraying and / or spin.
• the coating agent inkjet technology is made. With this method, it is particularly easy to different layer thickness of
• Coating material in different areas on the surface in one pass too produce.
• a coating order with matte surface In areas with layer thicknesses in which the drops combine to form a film but the layer thickness is below a critical threshold, the surface appears shiny and in areas above this critical threshold a matte effect is again achieved by the microstructure.
• all these three different areas have a different feel.
• the haptic is not only differentiated by the different layer thicknesses (relief effect, Braille structures, replacement of blind embossing by coating application), but also by a changed frictional resistance of the different areas.
• Micro-folded areas are characterized, for example, by a very small amount
• Friction resistance whereas very smooth areas can be almost sticky when passing by hand.
• very thin matte structures in turn, have a low frictional resistance, but, in contrast to the areas with a microplate, are rather rough, whereas microfolded areas feel very smooth and soft.
• the degree of gloss of the coating at a viewing angle according to DIN EN ISO 2813 in the areas in which exposure of the surface layer for microplating takes place after hardening of the entire layer is between 0.1 GE and 80 GE.
• the degree of gloss is preferably between 0.1 GE and 50 GE, more preferably between 0.1 GE and 20 GE and most preferably between 0.1 GE and 10 GE, this gloss level being determined in accordance with DIN EN ISO 2813.
• the invention further relates to a device for curing coating fluids, for example paints, which are curable by high-energy particle radiation, in particular by UV radiation.
• the curing takes place in two steps and, furthermore, the power introduced into the coating by means of the curing device is adjusted so that in a first step only the surface layer of the coating is treated, and in a second step the coating can be cured over the entire layer is.
• the curing device comprises a medium pressure mercury radiator.
• a possible embodiment of the invention includes the design of the curing device so that the curing by means of excimer emitters under the curing
• the inert gas is preferably nitrogen.
• the inert gas atmosphere may help to aid in less well suited coating solutions since the abovementioned oxygen inhibition, even with appropriate formulation, interferes with the reaction at the surface. If this impairment is reduced under inert gas, the surface reaction can proceed more efficiently and thus the micro-folding can be supported.
• the device for curing the layer is formed such that initially only in a partial region of the coating
• the apparatus comprises a computerized means for controlling the curing of the coating.
• the informatic means is designed to determine the performance, dose and / or location of the cure.
• Yet another aspect of the invention relates to an apparatus for generating
• the device comprises:
• a device for receiving the base Preferably a device for receiving the base,
• a device for applying the coating fluid to the substrate wherein the device may be designed in such a way that the coating fluid is applied over the entire area of the surface of the substrate or only over a partial area thereof, -
• a device (6) for curing the coating wherein the curing takes place in two steps and the introduced by means of the curing device in the coating power is preferably adjustable so that in a first step, only the surface layer of the coating is treated the surface layer preferably has a thickness between 10 nm and 1 ⁇ m, and in a second step the coating can be cured over the entire thickness,
• a device for removing the pad Preferably, a device for removing the pad, as well
• a system control for example in the form of an informational means such as a computer, for controlling the operations of the system, which controls the parameters on all process steps and their
• the plant controller also preferably includes means to read out parameters in an informational format commonly used in the printing industry, for example JDF (Job Definition Format), and to translate them into process steps.
• a means may comprise a parameterization file stored in a memory.
• the device comprises at least one sensor as well as an encoder and actuators in order to detect the respective method steps by sensors and to implement them in a controlled manner by the computer by means of corresponding actuators.
• Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a coating fluid suitable for carrying out the method according to the invention. This is a
• Coating fluid which curable by high-energy particle radiation, in particular by UV radiation, in particular by free-radical polymerization, and a
• Micro-folding process is accessible.
• the microfolding is carried out by irradiation of the surface layer of an applied coating, for example by irradiation with UV-C radiation having a wavelength of more than 240 nm.
• a coating fluid suitable for carrying out the process of the present invention comprises a composition in which 100 parts of a liquid binder comes to 13 parts of a mixture of photoinitiators and / or crosslinking agents and / or activators for curing.
• photoinitiators are substances which decompose by absorption of light, in particular UV light, and thus form reactive species, for example radicals or cations. According to one embodiment of the invention, photoinitiators are used which form radicals.
• Crosslinking agents and / or activators are understood in the context of the present invention to be substances which make polymerization reactions particularly efficient.
• the activator is also a synergist in each case and can also be referred to as such.
• at least one tertiary amine is used as crosslinking agent or activator. This is preferably done according to another
• Embodiment of the invention when a so-called type II photoinitiator is used as the photoinitiator.
• a type II photoinitiator radicals are formed by the photoinitiator, for example benzophenone, an adjacent molecule
• the coating fluid has the following
• TMPTA trimethylolpropane triacrylate
• a type I photoinitiator here 1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1.
• a photoinitiator type II here benzophenone
• an activator here N-methyldiethanolamine
• the coating fluid has the following composition:
• TMPTA trimethylolpropane triacrylate
• Reactivity specifically differentiated in the volume of the applied coating film is thus achieved in that 1 part of a photoinitiator of type I, here 1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propanone, 6 parts of a photoinitiator type II, here benzophenone , and 6 parts of an activator, here N-methyldiethanolamine, are used per 100 parts of a liquid binder mixture (here comprising HDDA and TMPTA) and in contrast to the previous example, a more reactive binder mixture is used.
• a photoinitiator of type I here 1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propanone
• 6 parts of a photoinitiator type II here benzophenone
• 6 parts of an activator here N-methyldiethanolamine
• Type I photoinitiators relative to the proportions of the type II photoinitiator may further target the reactivity at the surface of the coated photoinitiator
• Coating film can be achieved by the reactivity in the volume of the applied coating film.
• the reactivity at the surface of the coated coating film specifically differs from the reactivity in the volume of the applied coating film achieved in that 1 part of a photoinitiator of type I, here 1-phenyl-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-propanone, 6 parts of a photoinitiator type II, here benzophenone, and 6 parts of an activator, here N-methyldiethanolamine , to 100 parts of a liquid binder (here comprising DPGDA) can be used.
• the DPGDA used as difunctional binder forms a relatively soft film.
• the volume shrinkage is compared with TMPTA-containing
• Formulations less pronounced By varying the proportions of the Type I photoinitiator relative to the proportions of the Type II photoinitiator, further targeted discrimination of the reactivity at the surface of the coated coating film can be achieved from the reactivity in the volume of coating film applied.
• the microfolding succeeds in only one curing step.
• the coating formulation for example, elastic aliphatic
• Activator here N-methyldiethanolamine
• a liquid binder mixture here comprising DPGDA and Ebecryl 4491
• Coating film can be achieved by the reactivity in the volume of the applied coating film. Even with AC Resin 250 from BASF similar effects can be achieved.
• Processing viscosity (from 70 - 120 s in the DIN 2 flow cup), which allows their use in inkjet printheads.
• a method can be used which allows the simultaneous generation of areas of greatly varying layer thicknesses.
• Concentrations of photoinitiators for volume hardening are added (eg> 2% Irgacure 1173 with otherwise equal concentrations of photoinitiators and coinitiators in the formulation can prevent the effect). The same applies if, for volume hardening, photoinitiators with a higher absorption wavelength are used in suitable concentrations. Thus, by adding 1% TPO (triphenylphosphine oxide) in the above-mentioned formulations, the micro-folding can be prevented. The percentages in each case relate to percent by weight.
• Yet another aspect of the invention relates to a product which consists of a backing and a coating applied thereto. This shows the coating at least in a partial area on a surface layer with a microcold on and the coating is formed from
• Suitable substrate materials for backing the coating may be conventional materials used in the graphic arts industry, such as paper, paperboard, laminated paper or laminated paperboard, plastic films, and corrugated board substrates. Polyolefin films but also PET, acetate and similar films are preferably used for the lamination.
• Friction resistance for aviation but also for watercraft The adhesion of dirt, lime and bacteria on such surfaces is reduced compared to smooth surfaces.
• micro-folding in combination with specially flexible or even elastic binders can be used for the production of so-called soft-touch paint surfaces.
• the degree of gloss in the at least one region which has a microfolding is between 0.1 and 80 GE, preferably between 0.1 GE and 50 GE, more preferably between 0.1 GE and 20 GE, and very particularly preferably between 0 , 1 GE and 10 GE, at a viewing angle according to DIN EN ISO 2813.
• Fig. 6 shows a process according to the product
• photons show increasing particulate character.
• FIG. 1 shows an example of a photographic image of a sample in which a coating agent which is accessible to the microstructure was applied only with a layer thickness of 10 ⁇ m. It can be seen that the microfolding is only irregular. Thus, in the left-hand section of the figure, a microfolding is clearly recognizable, whereas this microfolding in the right-hand region of the sample is only slightly or not at all pronounced.
• Fig. 2 shows an example of a photographic representation of the surface of a sample, which was obtained by the method according to the invention.
• the layer thickness is here 30 ⁇
• the micro-mapping is very pronounced here.
• FIG. 3 shows a strong enlargement of a surface area of the sample from FIG. 2.
• the structures produced by microfolding are very clearly recognizable.
• FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of an embodiment of a device 1 for producing surface effects on at least one subregion of a with a
• Coating which is curable by high-energy particle radiation, in particular by UV radiation, coated underlay
• the device comprising: It can be seen in Fig. 4, a means for transporting the pad 3 between the individual workstations.
• This means of transport is exemplified in the apparatus 1 by the parts 21, 22 and 23 and comprises a first roller or roller 21 on which a substrate 3, for example formed from paper, cardboard, laminated paper or laminated cardboard , Plastic films and Wellpappesubstraten, or polyolefin film or PET or acetate film, is rolled up.
• the base 3 is moved in the direction of the arrow 25, the transport direction, through the device 1, wherein the surface 31 of the printing material or the substrate or the base 3, which is to be printed, is directed in Fig. 4 upwards.
• the roller 22 is another part of the means of transport.
• the device 1 comprises a device 4 for applying the coating fluid to the substrate 3.
• a device for applying coating fluid is described, for example, in WO 2009/012996, the disclosure content of which is also the subject of the present disclosure by incorporation, as the coating unit
• the device described in the present invention is advantageously usable for smoothing the film applied to the substrate surface by means of the coating unit, it represents an optional unit which does not necessarily have to be used for carrying out the invention.
• the device 4 can be configured such that the coating fluid is applied over the entire area of the surface 31 of the substrate 3 or only over a partial area thereof.
• a job over the entire area of the surface 31 of the substrate 3 is advantageous when a coating fluid is applied, which also performs a protective function in the cured state, for example having scratch-resistant properties.
• only a partial application that is to say an application of the coating fluid over only a partial area of the surface 31 of the base 3 is advantageous in order, for example, to highlight or mark specific areas of the base in a targeted manner. In this way it is also possible to generate images, for example in the form of images or texts.
• the device 1 further comprises a device 7 for curing the coating. The curing of the coating takes place in two steps.
• the power introduced into the coating by means of the curing device 7 is preferably adjustable so that in a first step only the surface layer of the coating is treated.
• the surface layer preferably has a thickness of between 10 nm and 1 ⁇ m.
• the coating is curable over the entire thickness.
• the surface layer preferably has a thickness of between 10 nm and 1 ⁇ m.
• Device 7 a computerized means for controlling the curing of the coating.
• the informatic means is designed to determine the performance, dose and / or location of the cure
• a device 6 for drying the coating is shown in FIG.
• the device 1 may comprise a device 8 for cooling the coated base after curing.
• the device 1 may further comprise, according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a plant controller 5, for example in the form of an informational means such as a computer, for controlling the operations of the plant, which preferably sensory collects the relevant parameters in all process steps and preferably with respective associated actuators controls and thus ensures their interaction.
• a plant controller 5 for example in the form of an informational means such as a computer, for controlling the operations of the plant, which preferably sensory collects the relevant parameters in all process steps and preferably with respective associated actuators controls and thus ensures their interaction.
• the system controller 5 preferably also comprises a means for setting parameters in one
• the device 1 generally, without being limited to the embodiment shown here, comprises a plurality of system controls, which selectively control individual devices.
• the device comprises at least one sensor as well as an encoder and actuators in order to detect the respective method steps by sensors and to implement them in a controlled manner by the computer by means of corresponding actuators.
• the system controller 5 is preferably suitable according to one embodiment
• Interfaces for example, the interfaces 54, 55, 56, 57 with devices, which are covered by the device 1, for example, the devices 4, 5, 6, 7, connected.
• FIG. 5 shows a further schematic representation of a device 1 according to a further preferred embodiment.
• the device 1 in this case comprises a device for receiving the pad 301, in which various documents 3, which are not all designated for better clarity, are included.
• individual documents 3 which may comprise, for example, paper, cardboard, laminated paper or laminated cardboard, plastic films and corrugated cardboard substrates, or polyolefin or PET or acetate, by means of the means for transporting the pad 3 between the individual workstations moved through the device 1.
• the means for transporting the underlay 3 comprises a first roll 21, a second roll 23 and additionally a further roll 22, wherein various other rolls 22 may be included in the means for transport.
• the means for transport comprises a conveyor belt 24, which connects the two rollers 21 and 23 with each other, so that by the rotation of at least one of the rollers 21, 23, a movement of the documents 3 takes place through the device 1 in the direction of the arrow 25.
• the device 1 comprises the device 4 for applying the coating fluid to the substrate 3 and a device for curing the coating 7. Furthermore, the devices 6 and 8 are shown, which is the drying of the coating fluid
• Coating fluids or a cooling of the printed substrate can serve after curing and in the present case are only optional.
• the devices 4, 5, 6, 7 can each be connected via an interface 54, 55, 56, 57 with a system controller 5.
• Such a system controller 5 with the corresponding interfaces is also only optionally included in the device 1.
• the device 1 of this embodiment comprises a device 302 for removing the pad 3.
• FIG. 6 schematically and not to scale shows two products 300, each of which comprises a base 3, on whose surface 31 (not labeled) a coating 32 has been applied.
• the coating 32 has at least one partial area
• a product 300 is depicted, which comprises a full-area coating 32 on the (not designated) surface 31.
• the coating 32 is applied only to partial areas of the (not designated) surface 31 of the base 3.
• the invention thus relates to a method for producing surface effects in a coating which is curable by high-energy particle radiation, in particular by UV radiation, the method comprising the following steps: application of a
• Coating fluids such as a paint which is free-radically curable, in particular UV-curable, on a substrate, wherein the coating fluid is designed so that the reactivity at the surface of the applied coating film is specifically different from the reactivity in the volume of the applied coating film,
• Fig. 7 shows a photographic representation of coatings according to embodiments of the invention. These are a total of eight coatings, which were applied to a black base. The individual coatings differ from one another with regard to the exact formulation of the coating fluid and / or the layer thickness. While matt coatings are obtained in the upper area of FIG. 7, ie coatings with a rather low degree of gloss, in the lower part of FIG. 7
• Coatings shown which have a rather high gloss level.
• the degree of gloss is a function of the microfolding, so that, for example, in a very strong
• Microplating in a given viewing angle may result in a rather dull appearance.
• FIGS. 8 to 13 each show photographs of individual coated samples.
• FIG. 8 shows a coating in which the microplating results in a structure of a larger surface area, comparable to what are known as "dry cracks" which form, for example, during the drying of originally moist soils.
• the coating has a relatively high gloss in addition to the described structuring.
• FIG. 9 shows a coating in which the microfolding results in finer structures and overall results in a rather dull appearance.
• FIG. 10 shows a further coating according to yet another embodiment of the invention. Again, a dull appearance has been obtained, in which case the coating appears even more dull than the coating of FIG. 9.
• FIG. 11 a coating can be seen in FIG. 11, which has a very high degree of gloss, that is to say only a very low degree of microfolding has been obtained.

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