EP3366858B1 - Flat tile for a building roof having a reinforced seal - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates exclusively to flat tiles for a building roofing, as well as to a building roofing comprising such flat tiles.

Buildings for residential use, or for professional use, in particular for tertiary activities, may have tile roofing resting on a frame. The tiles are often made of terracotta, but also of concrete, or a synthetic material such as a resin. The tiles meet different aesthetic criteria depending on the region. By their shapes, colors and sizes, tiles help to form a style and identity for the homes of a region. Generally, battens fixed to the frame are installed transversely to the slope of the roof, spaced evenly apart, each receiving a row of tiles.

Flat tiles are plain square tiles with a visible exterior face called a gauge. Flat tiles are conventionally devoid of interlocking members, which requires laying with a double overlap in the length (because of the absence of interlocking), that is to say that the top of the tile is covered by the upper row and again that of the top so as to always have 3 layers superimposed. Advantageously, the installation pitch along the length of the roof (gauge) is variable to match a multiple of whole tiles. Flat tiles are for example known from FR 2,562,589 A3 .

Generally, the flat tiles are designed to be juxtaposed by row, each row being offset from the previous one by half the width of the tile.

In addition, these tiles are generally rectangular in shape but the lower part of the tiles can be formed at will: straight or in shell or spearhead, etc. A flat tile can conventionally include channels or recesses intended to promote water flow or to save material.

One known type of flat tile has a generally flat shape, having a height disposed in the longitudinal direction of the slope, equal to about 1.5 times the width. By convention, such a tile is considered to have two faces, a so-called external face directed towards the sky, and a so-called internal face directed towards the building, therefore not visible once the tile is on the roof. The outer and inner faces are generally smooth, with no particular sealing device on the contours, and more specifically without a lateral interlocking device. The internal face has in the upper part tenons arranged transversely, designed to hang on the battens.

These flat tiles have in the longitudinal direction a slightly curved shape having a convexity facing outwards. Some models likewise have in the transverse direction a slightly curved shape having a convexity facing outwards. This gable makes it possible to separate the surfaces of the tiles for three reasons: it allows the drying of the humidity which can come from precipitation and penetrate between the tiles or come from the house itself and accumulate under the face of the tile ; this makes it possible to prevent water from rising by capillarity between the surface of a tile and the underside of that which covers it and this makes it possible to tolerate deviations in the geometry of the frame and the battens. If the tiles were in theoretical contact, an upstream batten placed lower (or a downstream one higher ...) would have the effect of raising the nose of the upstream tile, with consequences in water / wind penetration.

In each transverse row, the flat tiles are aligned and juxtaposed. Each upper row N is offset by half a tile relative to the previous row N-1 placed just below, so as to have the lateral junction of two tiles in the middle of the lower tile to ensure waterproofing.

Each row N covers the previous row N-1 on approximately the top two thirds of this one, and also covers the previous row N-2 of the row N-1, on its highest third. In the event of a strong wind tending to bring up rainwater, the covering of the tile of row N on the upper third of the tile of row N-2 ensures a certain seal.

The curvature in the longitudinal direction of the tiles allows the tiles of one row to rest on the tiles of the previous row only by the edge at the bottom of the internal face. In this case, a contact is obtained on a transverse line. Such curved tiles are known for example from US 2000 392 A .

In addition, for the tiles having a curve in the transverse direction, a contact is obtained on the tile of the lower row which is punctual, on each side of the edge at the bottom of the internal face.

A problem that arises with this type of tile is that the weak contact of the tiles of one row with those of its previous row, formed by a single ridge, or by two lateral contact points of this ridge in the event of a transverse curve, facilitates the infiltration of water which rises pushed by strong winds.

If this water rises on the outer face of the tile, all the way to the top, it can pass over this tile and flow under the roof, causing leaks. To limit this problem, the high rate of overlap between rows on the others is essential, which represents a significant weight weighing on the frame, and high costs.

In addition, this type of tile requires a fairly significant slope of the roof to prevent water rising, this minimum slope limits the market for these tiles.

In addition, it is known to add flat tiles to the covered surface of the top, which is hidden by the tiles of the upper row, ribs or transverse channels.

In particular the ribs or transverse channels may have a chevron shape arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal median axis, comprising the point facing upwards, intended to slow the rise of water on the surface of the tile under the wind pressure, and to capture this water by returning it down on each side of the tile. The descent of water on the sides of the tile is not controlled, which can cause leakage problems on the sides of tiles from previous rows.

Certain tiles additionally include at the top of the external face, a transverse rib provided to limit the upwelling of water beyond this rib. However, the transverse rib can touch the internal face of the tiles of the upper row, favoring a rise of water by capillary action.

The object of the present invention is in particular to avoid these drawbacks of the prior art.

It provides for this purpose a flat tile for a building roofing, according to claim 1, where the tile is among other things intended to be laterally juxtaposed with other similar tiles without a lateral sealing system forming a row, this tile having on its external face a visible lower part, and above a surface intended to be covered by tiles of the upper row, being remarkable in that it comprises in a central part of the covered surface grooves or transverse ribs, opening out on each side on longitudinal grooves or longitudinal ribs, and in that it comprises on its external face an intermediate part arranged just above the visible part, and on its internal face a lower part, these intermediate and lower parts each having a flat sealing surface continuous over the entire width of the tile, these two flat surfaces being generally parallel.

An advantage of this tile is that the grooves or ribs form on the central part of the covered surface obstacles limiting the upwelling of water on this central part, and returning water which could rise towards the longitudinal grooves or ribs on the sides. .

The longitudinal grooves or ribs are in turn arranged to let the water down by directing it out of the lateral junction of the tiles of the lower row. In this way, the waterproofing of the roofs is improved in the event of a strong wind which would cause water to rise on the surfaces covered with the tiles.

In addition, the lower part of the internal face of a row and the intermediate part of the external face of the previous row each presenting a flat sealing surface which is continuous over the entire width of the tiles, they overlap and cooperate to form an effective barrier. against rising water and wind.

The tile according to the invention can also include one or more of the following advantageous characteristics, which can be combined with one another.

Advantageously, the grooves of the median part have a chevron shape arranged symmetrically with respect to the median axis of the tile, having the point turned upwards.

In this case, the tile advantageously comprises at least one transverse rib disposed above the chevron grooves. These transverse ribs constitute a final obstacle preventing water from rising above the chevron grooves.

In addition, the tile may comprise on each side of the chevron grooves, several longitudinal grooves arranged in parallel. In this way the water flow capacity is multiplied.

In the tile according to the invention, the longitudinal grooves have a depth which increases starting towards the top of the tile. In this way, there is an increasing section of the water passage, which decreases the air pressure of the wind rising on this tile.

According to the invention, the tile has an upper transverse groove which joins all the upper ends of the longitudinal grooves. This transverse groove constitutes a channel which can redistribute the water flows over the various longitudinal grooves.

Advantageously, on the bottom of the external face, the visible part comprises on the sides a surface convex in the transverse direction, descending towards the outside, which joins the flat continuous sealing surface located just above.

In this case advantageously the lower part of the internal face has a progressive and symmetrical disbursement in the width giving a constant visual thickness to the tile.

According to one characteristic of the invention, the flat tile comprises a first zone formed by the surface intended to be covered by a tile of a higher rank.

According to one characteristic of the invention, the flat tile comprises a second zone formed on the internal face, and configured to be in contact with the first zone of a tile of higher rank, said second zone being substantially parallel to the first zone of 'a higher rank tile.

According to one characteristic of the invention, the flat tile comprises a third zone formed by a recessed surface so that the latter has no contact with the first zone of a tile of higher rank.

The invention also relates to a roofing of a building comprising tiles as claimed.

• les figures 1 et 2 sont des vues respectivement des faces externe et interne d'une tuile selon l'invention ;
• la figure 3 présente en vue de côté des tuiles selon l'art antérieur assemblées sur une couverture, présentant un galbe dans la direction longitudinale. ; et
• les figures 4 et 5 présentent respectivement en vue de côté et en vue de dessus l'assemblage de deux tuiles selon l'invention.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the following description, given solely by way of example, with reference to the following appended figures:

• the figures 1 and 2 are views respectively of the external and internal faces of a tile according to the invention;
• the figure 3 shows in side view tiles according to the prior art assembled on a roof, having a curve in the longitudinal direction. ; and
• the figures 4 and 5 show respectively in side view and in top view the assembly of two tiles according to the invention.

For greater clarity, identical or similar elements are identified by identical reference signs in all of the figures.

The figure 1 presents the outer face of a molded tile 2 comprising in the longitudinal direction starting from the bottom, a visible surface forming a lower part 10, and then a covered surface having a flat upper shape, forming an intermediate part 12 then an upper part 14 .

The lower part of the outer face 10 has in the center a flat surface 18, which tapers downward to form a curved surface 16 on the sides in the transverse direction, which descends outwards.

The intermediate part of the external face 12 comprises, starting from the bottom, a flat sealing surface 20 continuous over the entire width of the tile 2, receiving the support of the lower part of the internal face of the tiles of the upper row in order to ensure a seal, then on each side of the primers of two longitudinal grooves 22 having a shallow depth.

The upper part of the external face 14 comprises in a transverse zone around the median longitudinal axis A three grooves forming chevrons 24 arranged symmetrically with the point at the top, each side of which opens onto the first longitudinal groove 22. A central transverse rib 26 disposed above the chevron grooves 24, extends on each side into the first longitudinal grooves 22.

The longitudinal grooves 22 having a depth which increases as they rise upwards, terminate a little before the upper end of the upper part 14, forming an upper transverse groove 28 disposed above the central transverse rib 26, which joins the different longitudinal ribs.

The figure 2 presents the internal face of the tile 2 comprising, starting from the bottom, a lower part 40, an intermediate part 44 then an upper part 46.

The lower part of the internal face 40 comprises a recess 42 in the thickness of the visible edge of the tile 2, which gives this tile a visually constant thickness.

The intermediate part of the internal face 44 has a flat sealing surface continuous over the width of the tile, which bears on the flat sealing surface 20 of the intermediate part 12 of the external face of the tile of the lower row. , in order to ensure a contact surface over the entire width of the tile, and over a longitudinal distance guaranteeing good sealing.

The upper part of the internal face 46 comprises longitudinal ribs 48 arranged below the longitudinal grooves of the external face 22, so as to ensure good rigidity to the tile by giving this tile a substantially constant thickness. The longitudinal ribs 48 comprise a succession of recesses 50 which make it possible to reduce the quantity of material of the tile 2 a little.

Several transverse tenons 6 are placed at the head of the upper part 46 in order to hook onto a batten of the frame.

In figure 1 , is illustrated a first zone S1 constituted by the surface intended to be covered by a tile of higher rank. In figure 2 , is illustrated a second zone S2 formed on the internal face, and configured to be in contact with the first zone S1 of a tile of higher rank, said second zone being substantially parallel to the first zone of a tile of higher rank. In figure 2 , is illustrated a third area S3 formed by a recessed surface so that the latter has no contact with the first area S1 of a tile of higher rank.

The figures 3 and 4 have rows of tiles, each hung on a batten 4 of the building frame.

The figure 3 presents each tile 2 comprising in the longitudinal direction a slightly convex shape, which is intentionally exaggerated in this figure. Each tile 2 rests on an intermediate part of the tiles of the lower row only by its lower edge, which ensures a weak seal.

The figure 4 present for the tiles according to the invention, each tile 2 resting on the flat intermediate part 12 of the tiles of the lower row, by its intermediate part of its internal face 44 also flat, and which is parallel to it.

In this way, a contact of two flat surfaces extending over the entire width of the tiles is obtained, which in the longitudinal direction has a sufficiently large height to form a continuous barrier allowing very little air to pass, and making it difficult to lift upwards. 'water.

The figure 5 presents by arrows a flow of water upward on the middle part of the covered surface of the upper tile, which flows in the rafter grooves 24, or if it is too great which is stopped by the central transverse rib 26 arranged at the top of these rafters, so as to be directed towards the longitudinal grooves 22 located on the sides.

Arrived at the bottom of the longitudinal grooves 22, the water flows on the sides of the outer lower part 10 thanks to its slightly convex transverse shape, to descend onto the tile below at the level of its median axis A.

If the wind is strong enough to keep the water up, it is again stopped by the chevron grooves 24 of the tile below, and starts the same cycle again until the bottom of the cover arrives.

In the event of a significant water flow and strong enough wind, the water rising in the first longitudinal groove 22 closest to the median axis A, can reach the upper transverse groove 28 to pass into the second longitudinal groove arranged towards the outside of the tile following arrow 60.

It will be noted that the longitudinal grooves 22 being deeper and deeper on the way up, the passage section of the wind increases, and the air pressure due to this wind then becomes weaker and weaker, which is less and less opposed. to the descent and evacuation of the water.

The two longitudinal grooves 22 arranged on each side of the tiles in parallel are thus doubled the capacity for water to descend along the surfaces covered with these tiles.

In general, the tiles according to the invention make it possible, for the same level of waterproofing, to reduce the slope of the roof, which gives additional architectural freedoms.

Claims (7)

1. A flat tile (2) for a building roofing, intended to be laterally juxtaposed with other similar flat tiles without a lateral sealing system by forming a row, this flat tile (2) having on an outer face a visible bottom portion (10), and above the visible bottom portion (10) a surface intended to be covered by tiles of the upper row, said flat tile (2) being such that it includes, in a central portion of the covered surface, transverse grooves (24) leading on each side to longitudinal grooves (22) which have a depth that increases upwards, and such that it includes, on its outer face, an intermediate portion (12) disposed immediately above the visible bottom portion (10), and, on its inner face, a bottom portion (44), each of these intermediate (12) and bottom (44) portions having a continuous planar sealing surface over the entire width of the flat tile (2), these two planar surfaces being generally parallel, such that the longitudinal grooves (22) being increasingly deeper upwards, the section of passage of wind increases, and the air pressure due to this wind then becomes increasingly smaller, which decreasingly opposes the descent and the draining of the water, said flat tile being characterized in that the longitudinal grooves (22) terminate, slightly before the upper end of the top portion (14), by forming an upper transverse groove (28) which joins all of the different longitudinal grooves (22).
2. The flat tile according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse grooves (24) of the central portion of the covered surface of the flat tile (2) include a herringbone shape disposed symmetrically with respect to the median axis (A) of the flat tile (2), having the tip facing upwards.
3. The flat tile according to claim 2, characterized in that it includes at least one transverse rib (26) disposed above the herringbone grooves (24).
4. The flat tile according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that it has on each side of the herringbone grooves (24), several longitudinal grooves (22) disposed in parallel.
5. The flat tile according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the bottom of the outer face, the visible portion (10) includes on the sides a cambered surface (16) cambered in the transverse direction, descending outwards, which joins the continuous planar sealing surface (20) located immediately above.
6. The flat tile according to claim 5, characterized in that the bottom portion (44) of the inner face has a progressive and symmetrical clearance in the width conferring a constant visual thickness on the tile.
7. A roofing of a building including flat tiles (2), characterized in that these flat tiles (2) are according to any one of the preceding claims.

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