EP0444371B1 - Supporting and load distributing element for roof covered with flat tiles, and roof including that element - Google Patents

Abstract

A supporting and load-distributing element (3) is disposed between a roof decking (under-roofing) (2) made from corrugated panels and roofing battens (5,9) which are perpendicular to it and which are capable of permitting the fastening of flat tiles. This element (3) consists of a tubular spacer disposed in a concave corrugation (2a) of the roof decking (under-roofing) (2), in contact on the one hand with a roofing batten (5,9) and on the other hand with the bottom of the said concave corrugation (2a). In addition, one end (3a) of the said spacer (3) comprises a retention lug (12) extending radially in order to butt up against a roofing batten (5,9) in an introduction direction (F) directed downwards from the slope of the roof. Application to the production of roofs made from flat tiles. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a support element and load distribution for flat tiled roof.

There are known sub-roofs made of profiled materials with or without alternating waves and flat areas according to repeated patterns, for example that described in patent FR-2,496,551 and marketed under the name "Flexoutuile - Onduline".

Corrugated sheets of the "Flexoutuile" type are particularly intended for the roofing of roofs with channel tiles. The use of this material to constitute the under-roofing of canal tile roofs receives a double application. On the one hand, it is possible to use the roofing in a traditional way with current tiles plus cover tiles; on the other hand, it is possible to avoid the use of current tiles by simply placing on the convex corrugations of the roofing (seen from the outside) only roof tiles. In this case, the roof is almost halved and savings are made on the tiles.

The sub-roofs made with such materials have great qualities: on the one hand, they make the roof waterproof, and on the other hand, they guarantee a natural ventilation of it.

It is therefore desirable to use this type of material to make sub-roofs intended for flat tile roofs.

The use of flat tiles requires the fixing of battens on the sub-roof in order to be able to hang these tiles on them. This therefore leads to the fixing of battens on a roofing made of corrugated materials.

However, the fixing of battens on the corrugated plates has many disadvantages. Due to the corrugated shape of the roofing, the weight of the battens and tiles is carried almost entirely by the top of the convex undulations (seen from the outside of the roof) which then tend to deform. As a result, the sub-roof is weakened and in addition, the deformation of the corrugated plate can prevent proper ventilation of the roof as well as the flow of water possibly infiltrated through a defective tile.

To overcome these drawbacks, it has already been proposed in French patent application No. 88 13 445, a support element and load distribution for flat tiled roof consisting of a corrugated roofing whose corrugations are arranged substantially in the direction of the roof slope, and on which are fixed battens substantially perpendicular to the direction of said roof slope, capable of receiving the tiles after interposition of support elements and load distribution between the battens and the under -Roof at determined intervals.

This type of known element being each placed in contact on the one hand with a batten, at the level of at least one convex undulation of the roofing (seen from the outside), and on the other hand with at least one concave undulation of the roofing.

Each of these known elements is placed in contact with a single batten, at the level of a single convex undulation of the sub-roof, and with each of the two concave undulations of the sub-roof which are adjacent to said convex undulation and share and other of the latter.

Such elements, although giving valid technical results, nevertheless have some drawbacks.

First of all, due to their U-shaped stirrup design comprising a substantially flat area and two branches curved outwards, they must have a concavity corresponding to that of the undulations of said corrugated plates.

These conformations are always of a high cost price.

But above all, the disadvantage of this type of support element and load distribution essentially lies in its implementation.

In fact, said elements and the battens are fixed to the corrugated sub-roofing, or even also to the load-bearing structure of the roof (frame, concrete slabs, etc.), by the same fixing means. However, this has proven to be inconvenient for the installer, who must control the position of several parts at the same time, while performing the fixing operation by nailing, screwing, etc.

The object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback, and for this purpose relates to a method for producing a flat-tiled roof according to which a support structure is laid,
a corrugated sheet sub-roof, the corrugations of which are arranged substantially in the direction of the slope of the roof, battens are fixed to said sub-roof, substantially perpendicular to the direction of said slope of the roof, said battens being capable of receiving the tiles, and support and load distribution elements are placed between the battens and the sub-roof at determined intervals, characterized in that each support and load distribution element, consisting of a tubular spacer is disposed in a concave corrugation of the roofing, in contact on the one hand with a batten and on the other hand with the bottom of said concave corrugation. The use of a tubular spacer to produce the support and load distribution element used in the method according to the invention, in addition to allowing the loads to be distributed well over the bottom of the concave undulations of the roofing , also has the advantage of not preventing the passage of ventilation air from the roof.

Preferably, the intervals between said support and load distribution elements are determined so as to appropriately distribute the load of battens and tiles on the sub-roof.

The invention also relates to a support element for implementing the method of the invention characterized in that it consists of a tubular spacer which is a portion of cylinder of which one of its ends comprises a retaining heel s 'extending substantially radially outward from said cylinder, and capable of coming into abutment with a batten, in a direction of introduction directed down the slope of the roof.

Preferably, the retaining heel of the spacer is a tab arranged in a sailie on the cylinder portion, and whose lateral edges merge with two parallel tangents of said cylinder portion.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the spacer comprises, at its lower part opposite the retaining heel, an external longitudinal groove capable of constituting, with the bottom of a concave corrugation, a water evacuation conduit.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the external diameter of the spacer is at least equal to the distance between the bottom of a concave corrugation and the lower face of a strip opposite said corrugation.

Preferably, the external diameter of the spacer is greater than the distance between the bottom of a concave corrugation and the underside of a strip opposite said corrugation.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spacer is obtained in a single piece by injection molding of a thermoplastic material capable of giving it a power of radial elastic deformation in compression.

Advantageously, the external radius of the cylinder portion constituting the spacer is substantially identical to the radius of a concave undulation which it marries by contact at its lower part.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the portion of cylinder constituting the spacer comprises, in its part opposite the heel, a longitudinal draft external able to facilitate its introduction between a strip and a concave undulation, with or without the help of a hammer.

According to an alternative embodiment, the bore of the cylinder portion constituting the spacer comprises a rib, preferably of cross-shaped section, the center of which merges with the axis of said cylinder. Such a reinforcement rib in the shape of a cross prevents, without interfering with the ventilation of the roof, the penetration of small animals, such as rodents, under the tiles of the roof, which is another advantage of the invention. It should be noted that the branches of the cross-shaped rib may be, one vertical, and the other horizontal, if the element is intended for a roof having to withstand an overload, for example of snow. On the other hand, for a roof without overloading, it is possible to use elements according to the invention provided with an internal reinforcing rib in the form of a cross with branches inclined by about 45 ° on the vertical.

The invention also relates to a flat tiled roof consisting of a sub-roof placed on a load-bearing structure and made of corrugated sheets on which are fixed battens receiving tiles and between the battens the sub-roof of which are interposed elements of support and load distribution for implementing the method according to the invention.

• Figure 1 représente une vue partielle en coupe selon la pente du toit réalisé selon l'invention,
• Figure 2 est une vue en coupe partielle suivant la ligne II-II de la Figure 1 selon une direction perpendiculaire à la pente du toit,
• Figure 3 est une vue schématique en perspective montrant un élément de support et de répartition de charges selon l'invention, avant et après sa mise en place,
• Figures 4 et 5 représentent respectivement des vues en élévation latérale et en bout d'un élément suivant l'invention.

The invention will be further illustrated without being in any way limited, by the following description based on the appended drawings in which:

• FIG. 1 represents a partial sectional view along the slope of the roof produced according to the invention,
• Figure 2 is a partial sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1 in a direction perpendicular to the slope of the roof,
• Figure 3 is a schematic perspective view showing a support element and load distribution according to the invention, before and after its installation,
• Figures 4 and 5 respectively show side elevation and end views of an element according to the invention.

With reference to the figures, it can be seen that the roof firstly comprises a supporting structure 1. This supporting structure can for example be a concrete or composite material slab, or even a wooden frame.

Corrugated plates 2 are placed on this supporting structure 1. These plates 2 are fixed according to a method known to those skilled in the art, so as to produce a waterproof under-roof.

It is clear that, to allow the flow of any infiltrated water, the corrugations of the corrugated sheets are placed substantially in the direction of the roof slope.

The roof further comprises battens 5 which are arranged substantially perpendicular to the slope of the roof. These battens can for example be made of wood. They ensure the positioning of the tiles on the roofing and above all they prevent the tiles from sliding on it. The intervals between the battens are determined by the geometry of the tiles used.

When using flat tiles, having at one end a recess and at the opposite end of the asperities, the recess 7 of a first tile 6 is placed upstream and rests on a first batten 5. On a second batten 9 adjacent and downstream, the step 10 of a second tile 11 is placed. The part 8 comprising asperities of the first tile 6 rests on the upstream part of the second tile 11, which itself rests on the second strip 9.

As can be seen more precisely in FIG. 2, between the battens and the sub-roof are placed support and load distribution elements 3.

Each element 3 consists of a tubular spacer placed in a concave corrugation 2 a of the under-roof 2, in contact on the one hand with a batten 9 or 5 and on the other hand with the bottom of said concave corrugation 2 a on a relatively large surface on either side of the axis XX ′ thereof.

Element 3 has a shape adapted to the profile of the sheets of the roofing. In the present example, these are plates with curved undulations, but the invention could of course be applied to plates forming slots of quadrangular profile, in particular polygonal.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention applicable to corrugated roofing, the spacer 3 is produced in a portion of a hollow cylinder, this so as not to oppose the runoff of water in the corrugations, nor the passage of ventilation air from the roof.

The dimensions of the spacer 3 are such as to allow its introduction into a concave corrugation 2 a , after laying of the battens 5 placed at determined intervals on the sub-roof 2 in corrugated sheets.

The battens 5 are fixed by screws or nails 4 on the single sub-roof 2, substantially at the level of the convex vertices 2b , or else passing through it to be fixed on the supporting structure 1, thus immobilizing the battens 5 and the sub-roof 2 relative to the latter.

The external diameter "D" of the portion of cylinder constituting the spacer 3 is at least equal to the distance "d" between the interior bottom of a concave corrugation 2 a and the underside 5 a of a facing strip 5 of said corrugation, so that the spacer 3 marries by contact said bottom of the concave corrugation 2 has to form a symmetrically distributed contact area.

Preferably, the diameter "D" is greater than the distance "d", because the aim is to prevent the weight of the battens 5, 9, etc ... and the tiles 6, 11, etc ... constituting the roof from being directly transmitted over the small area of the peaks convex waves 2 b of corrugated plates 2, so as to transmit and distribute substantially all this weight on the bearing structure 1 by means of spacers 3 bearing by larger surfaces on the concave waves 2 a , themselves resting on the supporting structure 1.

Thus, any critical deformation of the corrugated plates 2 due to the weight of the battens and the tiles is practically avoided thanks to the difference "e" between the diameter "D" of the spacer 3 and the distance "d" between the bottom of the concave ripple 2 a and strip 5.

Advantageously, the spacer is made of a synthetic material such as polyethylene so as to allow its compression by a value equal to the difference "e", by radial elastic deformation, in particular for roofs without overloading. However, for overloaded roofs, it may be necessary to reduce the element's deformation capacity so that it withstands, without exceeding the elastic limit, a high load of up to 80 daN per element.

The spacer 3 comprises, at one of its ends, a retaining heel 12 extending radially towards the outside of the cylinder and capable of coming into abutment with a batten 5, 9, in a direction F of introduction directed towards the down the slope of the roof. Thus, the spacers 3 can be arranged by tight fitting under the battens 5, 9, without any fixing means and completely independently of the fixing of said battens.

According to the present exemplary embodiment, the retaining heel 12 of the spacer 3 is a lug projecting from the cylinder portion at one of its ends 3 a , and whose lateral edges 12 a and 12 b coincide with two parallel tangents of said cylinder constituting the spacer 3.

The spacer 3 has at its lower part 3b , opposite the retaining heel 12, an external longitudinal groove 13 parallel to the axis YY 'of the spacer 3, capable of constituting with the bottom of a concave corrugation 2 a , on which rests the spacer 3, a water discharge conduit. This is to prevent, during small runoffs due for example to condensation and gathering in the undulations, that water accumulations occur behind the threshold 14 formed by the very thickness of the cylindrical wall of the spacer 3.

In order to facilitate the introduction of the spacer 3 under the battens 5, 9, between the latter and the concave undulations of the roofing, the introduction part 3 c opposite the heel 12, comprises a longitudinal relief 15 forming a chamfer , able to allow its easy introduction between the battens 5, 9 and a concave corrugation 2 a , with or without the aid of a hammer or mallet.

In the present example, the draft 15 is double and is constituted by two inclined planes 15 a and 15 b respectively formed at an upper part 3 d and lower 3 b of the spacer 3.

The introduction can thus be done manually and possibly be completed by a few hammer blows applied to the opposite part of the spacer 3 at the heel 12 which then constitutes a reinforcement of this part.

In addition to the shape conditions which element 3 must fulfill in order to allow a good adequacy to the sub-roof used, it must have sufficient strength to support without permanent deformation the weight of the battens and tiles as well as the possible overload due to snow and wind. Adequate resistance can be given to the elements 3 by giving them a relatively large thickness or by giving them a thickness less important but a complex form.

To this end, an alternative embodiment (Figure 5) of the bore 3 e of the cylinder portion constituting the spacer 3 comprises a reinforcing rib 16 of cross-shaped section whose center O is located on the axis YY 'of said cylinder.

For a roof without overload, built for example in a geographical area where the risks of snow overload do not exist, the rib 16 is preferably a cross of Saint Andrew, whose branches 16 a are inclined substantially at 45 ° to the vertical, so that the branches 16 a constituting it are not likely to constitute an obstacle to the runoff of water. In addition, this gives said spacer 3 a reinforcement which does not oppose the radial deformation of said spacer 3 in compression under the weight of the cleats 5, 9 and the tiles 6, 11 that beyond a useful deformation to its implementation. On the other hand, for overloaded roofs, in particular with snow, or on which each element must bear a high load, the cross rib is made on a vertical branch and the other horizontal, as shown in phantom in 16 b on the Figures 4 and 5, for reasons of resistance. This embodiment reduces the element's deformation capacity, but is necessary to resist, without exceeding the elastic limit, a load of around 80 daN per element. Note that, in this case, the vertical branch 16 b is of a thickness (for example around 3 mm) preferably greater than that of the horizontal branch 16 b (for example around 1 mm). In addition, and as also shown in phantom in Figures 4 and 5, the 12 locking stub may be partially hollowed out 17 a and 17 b, in its face on the side opposite the tubular portion, and between marginal rib and a vertical rib 18 and central 19 which have substantially the same thickness as the vertical leg 16 b of the reinforcing rib internal cross-shaped. In both cases, the internal cross-shaped rib prevents small animals from entering under the tiles without hampering ventilation.

Finally, advantageously, the support and load distribution element constituted by the spacer 3 is obtained in a single piece by injection molding.

It is of course necessary to choose the number of support and load distribution elements as well as their position in order to distribute the weight of the roof adequately on the sub-roof. It is generally considered that the stress exerted by the weight of the roof on the sub-roof should not exceed 0.2 MPa.

It is noted that the invention makes it possible to use, for producing flat tiled roofs, materials which are specially designed for roofs with canal tiles while retaining the properties which these sub-roofs present in the context of roofs with canal tiles .

The reference signs inserted after the technical characteristics set out in the claims, have the sole purpose of facilitating the understanding of the latter and can in no way have the effect of limiting the invention to the particular embodiment of the invention which comes to be described.

Claims (12)

1. Method of making a flat tile roof comprising laying on a supporting structure an under-roofing (2) having corrugated plates the corrugations of which are provided essentially in the direction of the roof slope, fixing on said under-roofing rods (5,9) essentially normal to the direction of said roof slope, said rods being liable to receive the tiles (6,11) and introducing supporting and load repartition components (3) between the rods (5,9) and the under-roofing (2) at predeterminated intervals, characterized in that each supporting and load repartition component (3) comprising a tubular cross-piece is provided in a concave corrugation (2a) of the under-roofing (2) in contact,on the one hand, with a rod (5,9) and, on the other hand, with the bottom of said concave corrugation (2a).
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the intervals between said supporting and load repartition components (3) are determinated in order to suitably distribute the load of the rods (5,9) and the tiles (6,11) on the under-roofing.
3. Supporting component to carry out the method according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in that it comprises a tubular cross-piece (3) which is a part of a cylinder an end of which (3a) having a retaining heel (12) extending essentially radially outwardly of said cylinder and liable to about again a rod (5,9) in the introduction direction (F) directed toward the under part of the roof slope.
4. Component according to claim 3, characterized in that the retaining heel (12) of the cross-piece (3) is a protruding tab on the part of a cylinder, the lateral edges (12a,12b) of which are intermingled with two parallel tangents of said part of a cylinder.
5. Component according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the cross-piece (3) comprises at the lower part (3b) thereof opposed to the retaining heel (12), an external longitudinal groove (13) liable to make with the bottom of a concave corrugation (2a) a water evacuation conduit.
6. Component according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the external diameter (D) of the cross-piece (3) is at least equal to the distance (d) between the bottom of a concave corrugation (2a) and the lower face (5a) of a rod (5) facing said corrugation (2a).
7. Component according to claim 6, characterized in that the diameter (D) of the cross-piece (3) is more than the distance (d) between the bottom of a concave corrugation (2a) and the lower face (5a) of a rod (5) facing said corrugation (2a)
8. Component according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the cross-piece (3) is obtained as a mono-element by injection molding of a thermoplastic material liable to impart in compression a radial elastic deformation property.
9. Component according to one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that the external radius of the part of a cylinder constituting the cross-piece (3) is essentially identical to the radius of a concave corrugation (2a) being in contact at the lower part (3b).
10. Component according to one of claims 3 to 9, characterized in that the part of a cylinder constituting the cross-piece (3) comprises in its opposed part (3c) to the heel (12) an external longitudinal tapering (15a,15b) liable to facilitate the introduction thereof between a rod (5,9) and a concave corrugation (2a) with the use or without the use of a hammer.
11. Component according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the bore (3e) of the part of a cylinder constituting the cross-piece (3) comprises a ridge (16) having preferably a cross section the centre (0) of which is on the axis (YY') of said cylinder.
12. Roof with flat tiles comprising an under-roofing (2) laid on a supporting structure and made with corrugated plates on which are fixed rods (5,9) receiving tiles (6,11) and between the rods and the under-roofing are provided supporting and load repartition components (3), characterized in that said components (3) are cross-pieces according to one of claims 3 to 11.

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