EP3361152B1 - Biomass furnace - Google Patents

Biomass furnace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3361152B1
EP3361152B1 EP18155845.3A EP18155845A EP3361152B1 EP 3361152 B1 EP3361152 B1 EP 3361152B1 EP 18155845 A EP18155845 A EP 18155845A EP 3361152 B1 EP3361152 B1 EP 3361152B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flue gas
combustion chamber
biomass furnace
biomass
flap
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EP18155845.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3361152A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Stefan Riener
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Individual
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23BMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F23B80/04Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel by means for guiding the flow of flue gases, e.g. baffles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/189Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by air-handling means, i.e. of combustion-air, heated-air, or flue-gases, e.g. draught control dampers 
    • F24B1/1895Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by air-handling means, i.e. of combustion-air, heated-air, or flue-gases, e.g. draught control dampers  flue-gas control dampers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24BDOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B7/00Stoves, ranges or flue-gas ducts, with additional provisions for convection heating 
    • F24B7/005Flue-gas ducts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a biomass furnace.
  • heating devices e.g. B. furnaces (biomass furnaces), which use biomass as fuel, e.g. (Log) wood, wood chips, pellets and the like.
  • biomass e.g. (Log) wood, wood chips, pellets and the like.
  • Such heating devices in particular log stoves, have a combustion chamber which is accessible via a combustion chamber door and through which fuel is poured into the combustion chamber.
  • flue gas can escape from the combustion chamber if, for example, the combustion chamber door is opened to refill fuel.
  • stoves typically have a viewing window in the firebox door, whereas the rest of the firebox is opaque. As a result, a view of a fire in the combustion chamber is limited and not possible from all directions.
  • WO 2010/053359 A2 discloses a wood-burning stove according to the preamble of independent claim 1.
  • the known wood-burning stove contains several air supply openings which are arranged laterally in the bottom area of the combustion chamber and which suck in the combustion air laterally and feed it into the combustion chamber.
  • a flue gas collecting area is arranged above the combustion chamber and communicates via a flap with a flue gas nozzle for discharging the flue gases. When the flap is closed, the flue gases are led down a short distance on the outer wall of the combustion chamber and, after a change of direction, up into the flue gas collection area.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an improved biomass furnace.
  • the present invention provides a biomass furnace according to the subject matter of independent claim 1.
  • FIG. 1 an embodiment of a biomass furnace 1 according to the present invention is illustrated. Before a detailed description, general explanations of the exemplary embodiments follow.
  • biomass stoves are typically set up permanently so that the fire can only be seen through the combustion chamber door from a fixed position or direction.
  • the exemplary embodiments relate to a biomass furnace, in particular a pellet stove, log stove or pellet / log combination stove, which comprises a combustion chamber with a bottom, an air supply which is arranged in the floor area of the combustion chamber, a flue gas collecting area which is arranged above the combustion chamber and a flue gas duct, the flue gas from the combustion chamber downwards and after a change of direction leads up into the flue gas collection area.
  • a biomass furnace in particular a pellet stove, log stove or pellet / log combination stove, which comprises a combustion chamber with a bottom, an air supply which is arranged in the floor area of the combustion chamber, a flue gas collecting area which is arranged above the combustion chamber and a flue gas duct, the flue gas from the combustion chamber downwards and after a change of direction leads up into the flue gas collection area.
  • the biomass furnace is designed for the combustion of (solid) biomass, such as, for example, logs or pellets, but also wood chips and the like.
  • the biomass stove can be designed as a log stove, fireplace, pellet stove, wood boiler, a combination or the like.
  • the biomass furnace can comprise a combustion chamber door through which the combustion chamber is filled with solid biomass and / or through which the combustion chamber is cleaned.
  • the biomass furnace also has an automatic fuel supply and the combustion chamber door is only opened, for example, for cleaning for maintenance and / or for lighting fuel.
  • the pellet stove can comprise a pellet container, which can also be integrated directly into the biomass stove.
  • the air supply can direct primary air into the combustion chamber.
  • the floor area of the firebox can comprise the floor itself, but also sections of the side walls which are arranged in the vicinity of the floor.
  • the bottom area of the combustion chamber is limited at the top, for example by a grate or the like, on which a fuel (logs, pellets, etc.) or a brazier is arranged.
  • the air supply can also be arranged directly on the floor (or its underside) of the combustion chamber and can, for example, have a flange or the like which is attached directly to the floor of the combustion chamber.
  • the air supply can also be provided indirectly on the floor or in the floor area of the furnace, for example in a housing section or the like of the biomass furnace.
  • the flue gas collection area can be a pipe section, a chamber or the like be executed.
  • the flue gas collection area can be arranged directly on the furnace, or above it at a certain distance from the furnace.
  • the flue gas collection area can also be provided with heat conducting plates, ribs or the like in order to provide a (large) surface for radiating heat.
  • the flue gas collection area is coupled to the chimney so that flue gas can flow from the flue gas collection area into the chimney.
  • the flue gas can be collected in the flue gas collection area so that it can give off heat and oxidize further.
  • the flue gas duct guides or guides flue gas from the combustion chamber downwards and, after a change of direction, upwards into the flue gas collection area.
  • the flue gas On the way of the flue gas downwards, i.e. in the direction of gravity, the flue gas is directed against the convection direction, which typically runs from bottom to top.
  • a long path can be provided for the flue gas so that the flue gas has sufficient time to give off heat and to oxidize. Consequently, in some exemplary embodiments, heat conducting plates, ribs or the like are also provided on the flue gas duct in order to enlarge the heat radiation area.
  • the flue gas duct can be arranged directly on the combustion chamber or also remotely from the combustion chamber.
  • the flue gas duct and / or the flue gas collection area are thermally removed from a fuel container, e.g. Pellet container, decoupled. This can counteract excessive heating of the fuel.
  • a fuel container e.g. Pellet container
  • the biomass furnace comprises a flue gas bypass that couples the flue gas collecting area and the furnace.
  • the flue gas bypass can consequently, bypassing the flue gas duct, direct flue gas that is produced during combustion in the combustion chamber directly through the flue gas bypass into the flue gas collection area. This can be useful if, for example, the combustion chamber door is opened in order to refill fuel, for example.
  • the chimney draft required because the flue gas is directed against the convection direction is not sufficient to bring the flue gas into the flue gas collection area respectively.
  • a flue gas fan can be provided to generate the negative pressure.
  • flue gas can collect in the combustion chamber and thus, for example, make an ignition process more difficult or it can escape to the outside when the combustion chamber door is open.
  • the flue gas bypass is open, the natural chimney draft acts in the combustion chamber and, due to the resulting convection, the flue gas can flow through the flue gas bypass (e.g. directly) into the flue gas collection area and from there into the chimney.
  • an open flue gas bypass makes it possible to operate the biomass furnace without electricity.
  • the biomass furnace comprises an interruption device which is set up to optionally guide flue gas through the flue gas duct or the flue gas bypass.
  • the interruption device consequently has at least two states, namely one in which it enables the flue gas bypass and one in which it blocks the flue gas bypass for flue gas.
  • the interruption device can have a flue gas flap and the interruption device can be configured to automatically guide the flue gas either through the flue gas duct or the flue gas bypass.
  • the flue gas flap can be designed as a refueling and / or heating flap which (automatically) guides the flue gas (directly) into the flue gas collection area when heating or adding fuel, in order to prevent flue gas from escaping when the combustion chamber door is opened.
  • the flue gas flap can, for example, be mounted on a rotatable shaft or the like and held by a holding device of the interruption device.
  • the interruption device can be designed so that the holding device holds the flue gas flap in a closed operating position, e.g. B.
  • the holding device can release the flue gas flap so that the flue gas flap, for. B. is moved into an open operating position due to gravity.
  • the flue gas bypass is blocked in the closed operating position, whereas the flue gas bypass is continuous in the open operating position. If the flue gas flap is held in the closed position against gravity, the flue gas flap can automatically fall into the open operating position in some exemplary embodiments due to the force of gravity, which can also happen, for example, in the event of a power failure or a defect, for example a component of the biomass furnace.
  • the interruption device can be designed so that flue gas (directly) is routed into the flue gas collection area if there is a power failure or a defect.
  • the flue gas flap is moved (exclusively) mechanically and / or manually, for example by means of a crank or a lever, from the open to the closed operating position.
  • the flue gas flap in some embodiments falls from the closed operating position into the open operating position due to its own weight or the force of gravity acting on it, a quick and easy opening of the flue gas flap is possible and no separate mechanism is required to actively remove the flue gas flap the closed to the open operating position.
  • the opening can, for example, also be supported by a spring force.
  • the holding device can be designed so that it can be triggered mechanically and / or electrically in order to release the flue gas flap.
  • the release of the holding device can also be coupled with the opening of a combustion chamber door of the biomass furnace.
  • the holding device can have an electromagnet.
  • the electromagnet generates a magnetic field which is designed in such a way that it holds the flue gas flap in the closed operating position.
  • the flue gas flap can have a metallic or magnetic section which is in contact with the electromagnet when the flue gas flap is in the closed operating position. If the electromagnet is de-energized, the holding device releases the flue gas flap so that it falls from the closed operating position into the open operating position. In this way, even in the event of a power failure (no flue gas blower support), a safe burn-up in the biomass furnace is guaranteed, since the flue gas extraction is significantly improved in the open operating position.
  • the holding device can have a spring-preloaded lock.
  • the flue gas flap can then be designed accordingly to intervene in the spring-preloaded lock, for example by means of a hook or bolt, in the closed operating position.
  • the holding device can release the flue gas flap by the lock releases the hook, the bolt or the like.
  • the interruption device further comprises a drive which is set up to move the flue gas flap from the open operating position into the closed operating position.
  • the drive can be designed mechanically and can be actuated, for example, by a lever or a crank or the like.
  • the drive can also be designed to be electrically operated and z. B. comprise an electric motor.
  • the drive can be coupled to the rotatable shaft via a mechanical coupling.
  • the drive itself can have a drive shaft so that the mechanical coupling couples the drive shaft and the rotatable shaft to one another.
  • the drive or the drive shaft is not rigidly coupled to the rotatable shaft in some exemplary embodiments.
  • the mechanical coupling can be designed to decouple the drive from the rotatable shaft when the flue gas flap is in the closed operating position. As a result, the drive can be moved back into a starting position so that it is ready for operation again. The flue gas flap can move again from the closed operating position to the open operating position and then be moved again with the aid of the drive from the open to the closed operating position.
  • the drive can be designed so that it can only be rotated in one direction and consequently only drives the rotatable shaft in one direction.
  • the mechanical coupling is then designed in such a way that it couples the drive to the rotatable shaft until the flue gas flap is moved from its open operating position to the closed operating position. Then the mechanical coupling decouples the rotatable shaft from the drive or from its drive shaft and the drive can continue to be rotated in its specified direction of rotation until it is back in its starting position in which the mechanical coupling again connects the drive or its drive shaft with the rotatable Shaft couples.
  • the drive can be designed to be rotatable in two directions.
  • the drive or a control that operates the drive detects that the flue gas damper is in the closed operating position and stops the drive. Then the drive is moved back to its starting position, in which it is able to move the flue gas flap again from the open to the closed operating position.
  • the mechanical coupling can decouple the drive or its drive shaft from the rotatable shaft until the drive is again in the starting position.
  • the holding device retains it, as described above, e.g. the electromagnet is operated, a hook, bolt or the like engages in the spring-loaded lock or another locking means that holds the flue gas flap in place.
  • the biomass furnace comprises a control which is set up to control the interruption device after a predetermined period of time in such a way that it moves the flue gas flap from the open operating position into the closed operating position.
  • the controller can have a microprocessor which is set up to carry out the steps described herein and which also has a volatile and / or read-only memory for storing data, such as the predetermined period of time.
  • control activates the interruption device after the predetermined period of time to move the flue gas flap from the open operating position to the closed operating position, it is not possible to forget to close the flue gas flap again.
  • the flue gas flap can have a filter insert which is designed to filter pollutants from flue gas flowing through it and / or to oxidize them catalytically. Flue gas flows through the filter insert when the flue gas flap is in the closed operating position.
  • the air supply is rotatably coupled to the combustion chamber.
  • the combustion chamber can be rotated.
  • the entire biomass furnace can also be rotated, including the combustion chamber, flue gas collection area and flue gas duct.
  • the air supply can have a two-part section, the first part with is rotatably coupled to the second part of the two-part section.
  • the first or second part can be firmly connected to the firebox in the floor area, for example to the floor of the firebox.
  • the other part can, for example, be firmly connected to the floor of the installation site so that the furnace or the biomass furnace is rotatably mounted. Accordingly, a user can turn the furnace or the entire biomass furnace into a desired position.
  • the air supply is arranged centered on the floor of the furnace.
  • the air supply can, however, also be arranged at another point at which, for example, an axis of symmetry or the center of gravity of the furnace or the biomass furnace runs, in order to achieve, for example, a uniform weight distribution.
  • the biomass furnace further comprises a two-part flue gas connector, the first part being rotatably coupled to the second part of the two-part flue gas connector.
  • the smoke gas nozzle or the first or second part of the two-part smoke gas nozzle can be arranged on the smoke gas collecting area. This allows the combustion chamber with the flue gas collection area to be rotated with the flue gas duct.
  • the air supply and the flue gas nozzle lie on a common axis, which then also forms an axis of rotation for the combustion chamber or the biomass furnace.
  • the axis of rotation can be arranged on an axis of symmetry or the center of gravity of the combustion chamber or the bio-mass oven.
  • the two-part section of the air supply and / or the two-part flue gas nozzle can be made of cast iron or the like, for example, and each have a flat surface on which the first and second part of the section of the air supply or the smoke gas nozzle slide and can thus be rotated against each other.
  • a ball bearing, ball ring or other type of mounting is provided between the first and second part of the section of the air supply or of the flue gas connector in order to effect the rotatability with respect to one another.
  • a corresponding sealing material, a circumferential sealing collar or the like can be provided for sealing between the first and second part of the section of the air supply or the flue gas connector. A design without additional sealing material is also possible.
  • Fig. 1 is there a first embodiment of a biomass furnace, shown schematically, wherein the biomass furnace can specifically be designed as a pellet furnace, logs, pellet-log combination furnace or the like.
  • the biomass furnace 1 has a combustion chamber 2, with an air inlet connection 3 on the floor for the air supply and a flue gas duct 4, which opens into a flue gas collecting area 5 above the combustion chamber 2.
  • the flue gas duct 4 is connected to the interior of the combustion chamber 2 via a connection 6 in an upper region of the combustion chamber 2, so that the flue gas from the interior of the combustion chamber 2 enters the flue gas duct 4.
  • the flue gas duct 4 extends parallel to and at a distance from a side wall of the combustion chamber 2 over the entire height of the combustion chamber 2, i. H. up to the flue gas collection area 5 and down to the floor of the furnace 2.
  • the flue gas duct 4 has a partition 4a in the middle which divides the flue gas duct 4 into two channels 4b, c, a first channel 4b being connected to the connection 6 and the other, second channel 4c being connected to the flue gas collecting area 5.
  • the flue gas that enters the first channel 4b of the flue gas duct 4 through the connection 6 is initially directed downwards against the direction of convection, is deflected by 180 ° at the lower end, enters the second channel 4c and flows in the direction of the convection direction above in the flue gas collecting area 5 (see also arrows and dashed line).
  • the flue gas collecting area 5 has a flue gas connector 7 which is arranged on an axis common to the supply air connector 3.
  • the supply air connection 3 and the flue gas connection 7 can, as also stated above, be designed in two parts.
  • the supply air connection 3 has a first part 3a, which is connected to the floor of the furnace 2, and a second part 3b which is rotatably mounted to the first part 3a and which can be fixed to the floor at an installation site of the biomass furnace 1.
  • the flue gas nozzle 7 has a first part 7a which is connected to an upper side of the flue gas collecting area 5 and a second part 7b which is rotatably connected to the first part 7a.
  • the second part 7b can be attached to a chimney pipe or a chimney connection, for example.
  • the rotatable mounting between the parts 3a and 3b or 7a and 7b can, as stated above, be provided by flat surfaces, ball bearings or the like, the sealing from the outside, e.g. by a sealing collar or the like in the joint area of the parts 3a and 3b or 7a and 7b can be effected.
  • the entire biomass furnace 1 can be rotated into a desired position about a vertical axis of rotation.
  • the air inlet connector 3 can be designed in such a way that it bears the total weight of the biomass furnace 2.
  • Figure 2 shows cross-sections of four different biomass stoves, in each of which the supply air / flue gas nozzle is located at a different point, namely centered or off-center, with the supply air and flue gas nozzle lying on a common axis around which the biomass stove can then be rotated (the axis goes in each case vertically through the paper plane of the figures, in each case through the middle of the small circles that mark the supply air / flue gas nozzle positions).
  • the cross-sections illustrate that the biomass furnace is not limited to a particular shape.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a second embodiment of a biomass furnace, for example a biomass furnace 11, which is very similar to the biomass furnace 1 of FIG Fig. 1 and differs essentially only in the flue gas flow.
  • the biomass furnace 11 has a combustion chamber 12 with an air inlet connection 13 on the floor for the air supply and a flue gas duct 14 which opens into a flue gas collecting area 15 above the combustion chamber 12.
  • the flue gas duct 14 is connected to the interior of the combustion chamber 12 via a connection 16 in an upper region of the combustion chamber 12, so that the flue gas from the interior of the combustion chamber 12 enters the flue gas duct 14.
  • the flue gas duct 14 extends partially around the in this embodiment Firebox 12 around (see also arrows and dotted line, which symbolizes the flue gas path).
  • the flue gas duct 14 extends in a section 14a parallel and at a distance from a side wall beyond the floor of the furnace 2, with flue gas from the furnace 12 in the section 14a being directed downwards against the convection direction.
  • the flue gas duct 14 runs parallel and at a distance from the floor of the furnace 12, in order then to extend in a further section 14c parallel and at a distance from the opposite side wall up to the flue gas collecting area 15.
  • the flue gas is accordingly guided in section 14b parallel to the floor of the furnace 12 and then in section 14c in the convection direction as far as the flue gas collecting area 15.
  • the flue gas collecting area 15 has a flue gas connector 17 which is arranged on an axis common to the supply air connector 13.
  • the supply air connection 13 and the flue gas connection 17 can, as also above, in particular in connection with Fig. 1 executed, be designed in two parts, so that the biomass furnace 11 can be rotated.
  • a biomass furnace namely a pellet / log combination furnace 21, shown schematically, which is essentially the biomass furnace of Fig. 1 corresponds with the main difference that an interruption device in the form of a flue gas flap 29 and a flue gas bypass 28 are provided.
  • the pellet / log combination stove 21 has a combustion chamber 22, with an air inlet connection 23 on the floor for the air supply and a flue gas duct 24 which opens into a flue gas collecting area 25 above the combustion chamber 22.
  • the flue gas duct 24 is connected to the interior of the combustion chamber 22 via a connection 26 in an upper region of the combustion chamber 22, so that the flue gas from the interior of the combustion chamber 22 reaches the flue gas duct 24.
  • the flue gas duct 24 extends parallel to a side wall of the combustion chamber 22 over the entire height of the combustion chamber 22, ie up to the flue gas collecting area 25 and down to the floor of the combustion chamber 22.
  • the flue gas duct 24 has a partition wall 24a in the middle, which divides the flue gas duct 24 into two channels, a first duct being connected to the connection 26 and the other, second duct being connected to the flue gas collecting area 25.
  • the flue gas that enters the first channel of the flue gas duct 24 through the connection 26 is initially directed downwards against the convection direction, is deflected by 180 ° at the lower end, enters the second channel and flows upwards in the direction of the convection direction the flue gas collection area 25 (see also arrows and dashed line).
  • the flue gas collecting area 25 has a flue gas connector 27 which is arranged on an axis common to the supply air connector 23.
  • the supply air connection 23 and the smoke gas connection 27 can, as also stated above, be designed in two parts.
  • a flue gas bypass 28 is provided between the top of the furnace 22 and the bottom of the flue gas collecting area 25, which can be closed by an interruption device 29, which is designed as a flue gas flap.
  • the flue gas bypass connects the interior of the furnace 22 with the flue gas collecting area 25.
  • the flue gas flap 29 is rotatably mounted at one end and can swing downward in the direction of gravity, so that it releases the flue gas bypass 28 in this state.
  • the flue gas from the combustion chamber 22 takes the route described above through the flue gas duct 24.
  • the direct route through the flue gas bypass 28 into the flue gas collection area 25 is enabled, and the flue gas can consequently without having to take the path through the flue gas duct 24, flow directly into the flue gas collecting area 25.
  • the supply air connection 23 and the flue gas connection 27 can, as above in connection with Fig. 1 described, be made in two parts, so that the pellet / log combination stove 21 can also be rotated.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates an example of an automatic interruption device 30 that can be used in the biomass furnace described herein.
  • the interruption device 30 has a control 31, which can also be part of a control of the biomass furnace.
  • the controller 31 has a microprocessor and a memory in which the operating parameters are stored.
  • the controller 31 is equipped with a drive 32, with a holding device 33 which, for example, holds a flue gas flap (e.g. like the flue gas flap 29 in FIG Fig. 4 ), a control element 34 and a door switch 35 coupled.
  • a flue gas flap e.g. like the flue gas flap 29 in FIG Fig. 4
  • a control element 34 e.g. like the flue gas flap 29 in FIG Fig. 4
  • a door switch 35 e.g. like the flue gas flap 29 in FIG Fig. 4
  • the operating element 34 is designed as an actuation button and it sends a corresponding actuation signal to the controller 31 when it is actuated by a user.
  • the door switch 35 is arranged in such a way that it transmits a corresponding opening signal to the controller 31 when the combustion chamber door of the combustion chamber of the biomass furnace is open.
  • the controller 31 controls the holding device 33 so that the holding device 33 holds the flue gas flap in the closed operating position, for example by applying current to an electromagnet that holds the flue gas flap.
  • controller 31 If the controller 31 receives the actuation signal of the operating element 34, it controls the holding device 33 to release the flue gas flap by switching the electromagnet to a currentless state.
  • the controller 31 activates the drive 32 (e.g. an electric motor) so that it moves the flue gas flap back into the closed operating state and controls the holding device 33, the flue gas flap in the closed operating state again To maintain operating condition. If the controller 31 receives an opening signal from the door switch 35, it controls the holding device 33 to release the flue gas flap so that it moves into the open operating position.
  • the door switch 35 is designed here in such a way that it transmits the opening signal to the controller 31 until the combustion chamber door is closed again. When the controller 31 determines that it no longer receives an opening signal, it controls the drive 32 and the holding device 33 to move the flue gas flap back into the closed operating position and to hold it there.
  • the door switch 35 sends only a brief opening signal when the combustion chamber door is opened.
  • the controller 31 controls after a predetermined period of time, e.g. 60 seconds, the drive 32 and the holding device 33 to move the flue gas flap back into the closed operating position and to hold it there.
  • the period of time can be chosen so that a typical filling process of the combustion chamber with fuel is completed after its expiry.
  • the controller 31 is also designed so that it recognizes when the flue gas flap is in the closed operating state. This can be done by a switch or sensor that is integrated in the holding device 33, for example, and is triggered and transmits a corresponding signal to the controller 31 when the flue gas flap hits the holding device 33.
  • control 31 or the holding device 33 If the control 31 or the holding device 33 is de-energized, e.g. in the event of a power failure, the holding device 33 automatically releases the flue gas flap, since the electromagnet is no longer supplied with power.
  • the flue gas flap can also be brought back into operating position manually (instead of a drive).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Description

GEBIET DER ERFINDUNGFIELD OF THE INVENTION

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich allgemein auf einen Biomasseofen.The present invention relates generally to a biomass furnace.

HINTERGRUND DER ERFINDUNGBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Allgemein sind Heizeinrichtungen, z. B. Öfen (Biomasseöfen), bekannt, die als Brennstoff Biomasse verwenden, wie z.B. (Scheitz-)Holz, Hackschnitzelgut, Pellets und dergleichen. Solche Heizeinrichtungen, insbesondere Scheitholzöfen, haben einen Feuerraum, der über eine Feuerraumtür zugänglich ist und durch welche Brennstoff in den Feuerraum eingefüllt wird.In general, heating devices, e.g. B. furnaces (biomass furnaces), which use biomass as fuel, e.g. (Log) wood, wood chips, pellets and the like. Such heating devices, in particular log stoves, have a combustion chamber which is accessible via a combustion chamber door and through which fuel is poured into the combustion chamber.

Bei einem schlechtem Kaminzug, ungünstigen Wetterverhältnissen, die ebenfalls zu einem ungünstigen Kaminzug führen können, langem bzw. ungünstigem Rauchgasweg in der Heizeinrichtung und dergleichen kann Rauchgas aus dem Feuerraum austreten, wenn zum Beispiel zum Nachfüllen von Brennstoff die Feuerraumtüre geöffnet wird.In the event of a bad chimney draft, unfavorable weather conditions, which can also lead to an unfavorable chimney draft, a long or unfavorable flue gas path in the heating device and the like, flue gas can escape from the combustion chamber if, for example, the combustion chamber door is opened to refill fuel.

Außerdem verfügen Öfen typischerweise über eine Sichtscheibe in der Feuerraumtüre, wohingegen der Rest des Feuerraums undurchsichtig ist. Dadurch ist ein Blick auf ein Feuer im Feuerraum nur eingeschränkt und nicht von allen Richtungen möglich.In addition, stoves typically have a viewing window in the firebox door, whereas the rest of the firebox is opaque. As a result, a view of a fire in the combustion chamber is limited and not possible from all directions.

WO 2010/053359 A2 offenbart einen Kaminofen nach dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1. Der bekannte Kaminofen enthält mehrere Luftzufuhröffnungen, die seitlich im Bodenbereich des Feuerraumes angeordnet sind und die Verbrennungsluft seitlich ansaugen und in den Feuerraum hinein zuführen. Oberhalb des Feuerraumes ist ein Rauchgassammelbereich angeordnet, der über eine Klappe mit einem Rauchgasstutzen zum Abführen der Rauchgase kommuniziert. Bei geschlossener Klappe werden die Rauchgase an der Feuerraumaußenwand eine kurze Strecke nach unten und nach einem Richtungswechsel nach oben in den Rauchgassammelbereich geführt. WO 2010/053359 A2 discloses a wood-burning stove according to the preamble of independent claim 1. The known wood-burning stove contains several air supply openings which are arranged laterally in the bottom area of the combustion chamber and which suck in the combustion air laterally and feed it into the combustion chamber. A flue gas collecting area is arranged above the combustion chamber and communicates via a flap with a flue gas nozzle for discharging the flue gases. When the flap is closed, the flue gases are led down a short distance on the outer wall of the combustion chamber and, after a change of direction, up into the flue gas collection area.

Weitere Arten von Biomasseöfen, bei denen Rauchgas mit einer Führung umgelenkt wird, sind aus den Dokumenten EP 1 983 263 A1 , DE 35 25 112 A1 , EP 1 985 929 A1 , DE 100 22 877 A1 und DE 10 2013 019 954 A1 bekannt.Further types of biomass stoves in which flue gas is diverted with a guide are from the documents EP 1 983 263 A1 , DE 35 25 112 A1 , EP 1 985 929 A1 , DE 100 22 877 A1 and DE 10 2013 019 954 A1 known.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, einen verbesserten Biomasseofen bereitzustellen.The object of the present invention is to provide an improved biomass furnace.

Nach einem ersten Aspekt stellt die vorliegende Erfindung einen Biomasseofen nach dem Gegenstand des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 bereit.According to a first aspect, the present invention provides a biomass furnace according to the subject matter of independent claim 1.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den abhängigen Ansprüchen, der beigefügten Zeichnungen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele.Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims, the attached drawings and the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments.

KURZBESCHREIBUNG DER ZEICHNUNGBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nun beispielhaft und unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügte Zeichnung beschrieben, in der:

  • Fig. 1 ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines drehbaren Biomasseofens veranschaulicht;
  • Fig. 2 Querschnitte verschiedenere Biomasseöfen und zugehöriger Positionen von Zuluft- und Rauchgasstutzen veranschaulicht;
  • Fig. 3 ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines drehbaren Biomasseofens mit im Gegensatz zum ersten Ausführungsbeispiel anderer Rauchgasführung veranschaulicht;
  • Fig. 4 ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Biomasseofens mit Unterbrechungseinrichtung und Rauchgasumgehung veranschaulicht; und
  • Fig. 5 ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer automatischen Unterbrechungseinrichtung veranschaulicht.
Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which:
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a rotatable biomass furnace;
  • Fig. 2 Illustrates cross-sections of various biomass ovens and associated positions of supply air and flue gas nozzles;
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a second embodiment of a rotatable biomass furnace with, in contrast to the first embodiment, a different flue gas guide;
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a third embodiment of a biomass furnace with interruption device and flue gas bypass; and
  • Fig. 5 illustrates an embodiment of an automatic interrupt device.

BESCHREIBUNG DER BEVORZUGTEN AUSFÜHRUNGSBEISPIELEDESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In Fig. 1 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Biomasseofens 1 gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung veranschaulicht. Vor einer detaillierten Beschreibung folgen zunächst allgemeine Erläuterungen zu den Ausführungsbeispielen.In Fig. 1 an embodiment of a biomass furnace 1 according to the present invention is illustrated. Before a detailed description, general explanations of the exemplary embodiments follow.

Wie eingangs ausgeführt, besteht die Gefahr, dass beim Öffnen einer Feuerraumtür eines Feuerraums eines Biomasseofens Rauchgas durch die geöffnete Feuerraumtür nach außen gelangt.As stated at the beginning, there is a risk that when a combustion chamber door of a combustion chamber of a biomass furnace is opened, flue gas will escape through the opened combustion chamber door.

Außerdem kann eine übermäßige Rauchgasentwicklung beim Anheizen entstehen, die durch einen kalten Kamin, einen geringen Kaminzug, höhere Druckverluste aufgrund eines Filter-/Katalysatoreinsatzes durch den das Rauchgas aus dem Feuerraum strömt und dergleichen auftreten kann.In addition, excessive flue gas development can occur when heating up, which can occur due to a cold chimney, a low chimney draft, higher pressure losses due to a filter / catalyst insert through which the flue gas flows from the furnace and the like.

Daneben sind typischerweise Biomasseöfen fest aufgestellt, sodass das Feuer durch die Feuerraumtüre nur von einer festen Position bzw. Richtung aus zu sehen ist.In addition, biomass stoves are typically set up permanently so that the fire can only be seen through the combustion chamber door from a fixed position or direction.

Dementsprechend betreffen die Ausführungsbeispiele einen Biomasseofen, insbesondere einen Pelletofen, Scheitholzofen oder Pellet-/Scheitholz Kombinationsofen, der einen Feuerraum mit Boden umfasst, eine Luftzufuhr, die in dem Bodenbereich des Feuerraums angeordnet ist, einen Rauchgassammelbereich, der oberhalb des Feuerraums angeordnet ist und eine Rauchgasführung, die Rauchgas aus dem Feuerraum nach unten und nach einem Richtungswechsel nach oben in den Rauchgassammelbereich führt.Accordingly, the exemplary embodiments relate to a biomass furnace, in particular a pellet stove, log stove or pellet / log combination stove, which comprises a combustion chamber with a bottom, an air supply which is arranged in the floor area of the combustion chamber, a flue gas collecting area which is arranged above the combustion chamber and a flue gas duct, the flue gas from the combustion chamber downwards and after a change of direction leads up into the flue gas collection area.

Der Biomasseofen ist für die Verbrennung von (fester) Biomasse ausgestaltet, wie bspw. Scheitholz oder Pellets, aber auch Hackschnitzelgut und dergleichen. Dementsprechend kann der Biomasseofen als Scheitholzofen, Kaminofen, Pelletofen, Holzheizkessel, einer Kombination oder dergleichen ausgestaltet sein. Der Biomasseofen kann eine Feuerraumtür umfassen, durch die der Feuerraum mit fester Biomasse gefüllt wird und/oder durch die der Feuerraum gereinigt wird. Bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen hat der Biomasseofen auch eine automatische Brennstoffzufuhr und die Feuerraumtür wird bspw. nur zum Reinigen für die Wartung und/oder zum Anzünden von Brennstoff geöffnet.The biomass furnace is designed for the combustion of (solid) biomass, such as, for example, logs or pellets, but also wood chips and the like. Accordingly, the biomass stove can be designed as a log stove, fireplace, pellet stove, wood boiler, a combination or the like. The biomass furnace can comprise a combustion chamber door through which the combustion chamber is filled with solid biomass and / or through which the combustion chamber is cleaned. In some exemplary embodiments, the biomass furnace also has an automatic fuel supply and the combustion chamber door is only opened, for example, for cleaning for maintenance and / or for lighting fuel.

Bei den Ausführungsbeispielen, bei denen der Biomasseofen als Pelletofen ausgestaltet ist, kann der Pelletofen einen Pelletbehälter umfassen, der auch direkt in den Biomasseofen integriert sein kann.In the exemplary embodiments in which the biomass stove is designed as a pellet stove, the pellet stove can comprise a pellet container, which can also be integrated directly into the biomass stove.

Die Luftzufuhr kann Primärluft in den Feuerraum leiten. Der Bodenbereich des Feuerraums kann den Boden selbst umfassen, aber auch Abschnitte der Seitenwände, die in der Nähe des Bodens angeordnet sind. Bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen ist der Bodenbereich des Feuerraums nach oben hin bspw. durch einen Rost oder dergleichen begrenzt, auf dem ein Brennmittel (Scheitholz, Pellets, etc.) oder eine Brennschale angeordnet ist.The air supply can direct primary air into the combustion chamber. The floor area of the firebox can comprise the floor itself, but also sections of the side walls which are arranged in the vicinity of the floor. In some exemplary embodiments, the bottom area of the combustion chamber is limited at the top, for example by a grate or the like, on which a fuel (logs, pellets, etc.) or a brazier is arranged.

Die Luftzufuhr kann auch direkt an dem Boden (bzw. seiner Unterseite) des Feuerraums angeordnet sein und kann bspw. einen Flansch oder dergleichen aufweisen, der direkt an dem Boden des Feuerraums angebracht ist. Die Luftzufuhr kann auch indirekt an dem Boden bzw. in dem Bodenbereich des Feuerraums vorgesehen sein, bspw. in einem Gehäuseabschnitt oder dergleichen des Biomasseofens.The air supply can also be arranged directly on the floor (or its underside) of the combustion chamber and can, for example, have a flange or the like which is attached directly to the floor of the combustion chamber. The air supply can also be provided indirectly on the floor or in the floor area of the furnace, for example in a housing section or the like of the biomass furnace.

Der Rauchgassammelbereich kann als Rohrabschnitt, als Kammer oder dergleichen ausgeführt sein. Außerdem kann der Rauchgassammelbereich direkt an dem Feuerraum angeordnet sein, oder oberhalb mit einem gewissen Abstand zum Feuerraum. Der Rauchgassammelbereich kann auch mit Wärmeleitblechen, Rippen oder dergleichen versehen sein, um eine (große) Fläche zum Abstrahlen von Wärme bereitzustellen. Der Rauchgassammelbereich ist mit dem Kamin gekoppelt, sodass Rauchgas aus dem Rauchgassammelbereich in den Kamin strömen kann. In dem Rauchgassammelbereich kann das Rauchgas gesammelt werden, sodass es Wärme abgeben und weiter oxidieren kann.The flue gas collection area can be a pipe section, a chamber or the like be executed. In addition, the flue gas collection area can be arranged directly on the furnace, or above it at a certain distance from the furnace. The flue gas collection area can also be provided with heat conducting plates, ribs or the like in order to provide a (large) surface for radiating heat. The flue gas collection area is coupled to the chimney so that flue gas can flow from the flue gas collection area into the chimney. The flue gas can be collected in the flue gas collection area so that it can give off heat and oxidize further.

Die Rauchgasführung leitet bzw. führt Rauchgas aus dem Feuerraum nach unten und nach einem Richtungswechsel nach oben in den Rauchgassammelbereich. Auf dem Weg des Rauchgases nach unten, also in Richtung der Schwerkraft, wird das Rauchgas gegen die Konvektionsrichtung geleitet, die typischerweise von unten nach oben verläuft. Durch diese Art der Rauchgasführung kann ein langer Weg für das Rauchgas vorgesehen werden, sodass das Rauchgas ausreichend Zeit hat, Wärme abzugeben und zu oxidieren. Folglich sind bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen auch Wärmeleitbleche, Rippen oder dergleichen an der Rauchgasführung vorgesehen, um die Wärmeabstrahlungsfläche zu vergrößern.The flue gas duct guides or guides flue gas from the combustion chamber downwards and, after a change of direction, upwards into the flue gas collection area. On the way of the flue gas downwards, i.e. in the direction of gravity, the flue gas is directed against the convection direction, which typically runs from bottom to top. With this type of flue gas guidance, a long path can be provided for the flue gas so that the flue gas has sufficient time to give off heat and to oxidize. Consequently, in some exemplary embodiments, heat conducting plates, ribs or the like are also provided on the flue gas duct in order to enlarge the heat radiation area.

Die Rauchgasführung kann direkt an dem Feuerraum angeordnet sein oder aber auch entfernt vom Feuerraum.The flue gas duct can be arranged directly on the combustion chamber or also remotely from the combustion chamber.

Bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen sind die Rauchgasführung und/oder der Rauchgassammelbereich thermisch von einem Brennmittelbehälter, z.B. Pelletbehälter, entkoppelt. Dadurch kann einer Übermäßigen Erhitzung des Brennmittels entgegengewirkt werden.In some embodiments, the flue gas duct and / or the flue gas collection area are thermally removed from a fuel container, e.g. Pellet container, decoupled. This can counteract excessive heating of the fuel.

Bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen umfasst der Biomasseofen eine Rauchgasumgehung, die den Rauchgassammelbereich und den Feuerraum koppelt. Die Rauchgasumgehung kann folglich unter Umgehung der Rauchgasführung, Rauchgas, das bei der Verbrennung im Feuerraum entsteht, direkt durch die Rauchgasumgehung in den Rauchgassammelbereich leiten. Dies kann sinnvoll sein, wenn bspw. die Feuerraumtür geöffnet wird, um bspw. Brennmaterial nachzufüllen. Bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen ist der aufgrund der Führung des Rauchgases gegen die Konvektionsrichtung benötigte Kaminzug nicht ausreichend, um das Rauchgas in den Rauchgassammelbereich zu führen. Zur Erzeugung des Unterdrucks kann ein Rauchgasgebläse vorgesehen sein. Bei zu geringem Unterdruck, kann sich Rauchgas im Feuerraum sammeln und so bspw. einen Anzündvorgang erschweren oder bei geöffneter Feuerraumtüre nach außen gelangen. Ist hingegen die Rauchgasumgehung geöffnet, so wirkt der natürliche Kaminzug im Feuerraum und das Rauchgas kann aufgrund der entstehenden Konvektion durch die Rauchgasumgehung (z.B. direkt) in den Rauchgassammelbereich strömen und von dort in den Kamin. Außerdem kann durch eine offene Rauchgasumgehung ein stromloser Betrieb des Biomasseofens möglich sein.In some exemplary embodiments, the biomass furnace comprises a flue gas bypass that couples the flue gas collecting area and the furnace. The flue gas bypass can consequently, bypassing the flue gas duct, direct flue gas that is produced during combustion in the combustion chamber directly through the flue gas bypass into the flue gas collection area. This can be useful if, for example, the combustion chamber door is opened in order to refill fuel, for example. In some exemplary embodiments, the chimney draft required because the flue gas is directed against the convection direction is not sufficient to bring the flue gas into the flue gas collection area respectively. A flue gas fan can be provided to generate the negative pressure. If the negative pressure is too low, flue gas can collect in the combustion chamber and thus, for example, make an ignition process more difficult or it can escape to the outside when the combustion chamber door is open. If, on the other hand, the flue gas bypass is open, the natural chimney draft acts in the combustion chamber and, due to the resulting convection, the flue gas can flow through the flue gas bypass (e.g. directly) into the flue gas collection area and from there into the chimney. In addition, an open flue gas bypass makes it possible to operate the biomass furnace without electricity.

Der Biomasseofen umfasst bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen eine Unterbrechungseinrichtung die dazu eingerichtet ist, wahlweise Rauchgas durch die Rauchgasführung oder die Rauchgasumgehung zu leiten. Die Unterbrechungseinrichtung hatfolglich mindestens zwei Zustände, nämlich einen, in dem sie die Rauchgasumgehung freigibt und einen, in dem sie die Rauchgasumgehung für Rauchgas sperrt.In some exemplary embodiments, the biomass furnace comprises an interruption device which is set up to optionally guide flue gas through the flue gas duct or the flue gas bypass. The interruption device consequently has at least two states, namely one in which it enables the flue gas bypass and one in which it blocks the flue gas bypass for flue gas.

Die Unterbrechungseinrichtung kann eine Rauchgasklappe aufweisen und die Unterbrechungseinrichtung kann dazu eingerichtet sein, das Rauchgas automatisch wahlweise durch die Rauchgasführung oder die Rauchgasumgehung zu leiten. Die Rauchgasklappe kann als Nachlege- und/oder Anheizklappe ausgestaltet sein, die (automatisch) beim Anheizen oder Nachlegen von Brennmaterial das Rauchgas (direkt) in den Rauchgassammelbereich leitet, um Ausströmen von Rauchgas beim Öffnen der Feuerraumtüre zu vermeiden. Die Rauchgasklappe kann bspw. an einer drehbaren Welle oder dergleichen gelagert sein und von einer Halteeinrichtung der Unterbrechungseinrichtung gehalten werden. Die Unterbrechungseinrichtung kann so ausgelegt sein, dass die Halteeinrichtung die Rauchgasklappe in einer geschlossenen Betriebsstellung, z. B. gegen die Schwerkraft hält, und dass die Halteeinrichtung die Rauchgasklappe freigeben kann, sodass die Rauchgasklappe, z. B. aufgrund der Schwerkraft in eine offene Betriebsstellung bewegt wird. In der geschlossenen Betriebsstellung ist die Rauchgasumgehung gesperrt, wohingegen die Rauchgasumgehung in der offenen Betriebsstellung durchgängig ist. Wird die Rauchgasklappe gegen die Schwerkraft in der geschlossenen Stellung gehalten, kann die Rauchgasklappe bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen automatisch aufgrund der wirkenden Schwerkraft in die offene Betriebsstellung fallen, was bspw. auch bei einem Stromausfall oder Defekt, bspw. einer Komponente des Biomasseofens, geschehen kann. Generell kann bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen die Unterbrechungseinrichtung so ausgestaltet sein, dass Rauchgas (direkt) in den Rauchgassammelbereich geleitet wird, wenn ein Stromausfall oder ein Defekt vorliegt.The interruption device can have a flue gas flap and the interruption device can be configured to automatically guide the flue gas either through the flue gas duct or the flue gas bypass. The flue gas flap can be designed as a refueling and / or heating flap which (automatically) guides the flue gas (directly) into the flue gas collection area when heating or adding fuel, in order to prevent flue gas from escaping when the combustion chamber door is opened. The flue gas flap can, for example, be mounted on a rotatable shaft or the like and held by a holding device of the interruption device. The interruption device can be designed so that the holding device holds the flue gas flap in a closed operating position, e.g. B. holds against gravity, and that the holding device can release the flue gas flap so that the flue gas flap, for. B. is moved into an open operating position due to gravity. The flue gas bypass is blocked in the closed operating position, whereas the flue gas bypass is continuous in the open operating position. If the flue gas flap is held in the closed position against gravity, the flue gas flap can automatically fall into the open operating position in some exemplary embodiments due to the force of gravity, which can also happen, for example, in the event of a power failure or a defect, for example a component of the biomass furnace. In general, in some exemplary embodiments, the interruption device can be designed so that flue gas (directly) is routed into the flue gas collection area if there is a power failure or a defect.

Bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen wird die Rauchgasklappe von der offenen in die geschlossene Betriebsstellung (ausschließlich) mechanisch und/oder händisch bspw. mittels einer Kurbel oder eines Hebels bewegt.In some exemplary embodiments, the flue gas flap is moved (exclusively) mechanically and / or manually, for example by means of a crank or a lever, from the open to the closed operating position.

Dadurch dass die Rauchgasklappe bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen durch ihr Eigengewicht bzw. durch die auf sie wirkende Schwerkraft von der geschlossenen Betriebsstellung in die offene Betriebsstellung fällt, ist ein schnelles und einfaches Öffnen der Rauchgasklappe möglich und es ist kein gesonderter Mechanismus erforderlich, der die Rauchgasklappe aktiv von der geschlossenen in die offene Betriebsstellung befördert. Das Öffnen kann bspw. zusätzlich auch durch eine Federkraft unterstützt werden.Because the flue gas flap in some embodiments falls from the closed operating position into the open operating position due to its own weight or the force of gravity acting on it, a quick and easy opening of the flue gas flap is possible and no separate mechanism is required to actively remove the flue gas flap the closed to the open operating position. The opening can, for example, also be supported by a spring force.

Die Halteeinrichtung kann mechanisch und/oder elektrisch auslösbar ausgestaltet sein, um die Rauchgasklappe freizugeben. Die Auslösung der Halteeinrichtung kann außerdem auch mit dem Öffnen einer Feuerraumtür des Biomasseofens gekoppelt sein.The holding device can be designed so that it can be triggered mechanically and / or electrically in order to release the flue gas flap. The release of the holding device can also be coupled with the opening of a combustion chamber door of the biomass furnace.

Wenn die Halteeinrichtung für das elektrische Auslösen ausgestaltet ist, kann sie einen Elektromagneten aufweisen. Der Elektromagnet erzeugt während seines Betriebs ein Magnetfeld, das so ausgestaltet ist, dass es die Rauchgasklappe in der geschlossenen Betriebsstellung hält. Dafür kann die Rauchgasklappe einen metallischen bzw. magnetischen Abschnitt aufweisen, der in Kontakt mit dem Elektromagneten steht, wenn die Rauchgasklappe in der geschlossenen Betriebsstellung ist. Ist der Elektromagnet stromlos geschaltet, so gibt die Halteeinrichtung die Rauchgasklappe frei, sodass diese von der geschlossenen Betriebsstellung in die offene Betriebsstellung fällt. Dadurch ist auch bei einem Stromausfall (fehlende Rauchgasgebläseunterstützung) ein sicherer Abbrand in dem Biomasseofen gewährleistet, da in der offenen Betriebsstellung der Rauchgasabzug deutlich verbessert wird.If the holding device is designed for electrical triggering, it can have an electromagnet. During its operation, the electromagnet generates a magnetic field which is designed in such a way that it holds the flue gas flap in the closed operating position. For this purpose, the flue gas flap can have a metallic or magnetic section which is in contact with the electromagnet when the flue gas flap is in the closed operating position. If the electromagnet is de-energized, the holding device releases the flue gas flap so that it falls from the closed operating position into the open operating position. In this way, even in the event of a power failure (no flue gas blower support), a safe burn-up in the biomass furnace is guaranteed, since the flue gas extraction is significantly improved in the open operating position.

Ist die Halteeinrichtung für das mechanische Auslösen ausgestaltet, so kann sie eine federvorgespannte Verriegelung aufweisen. Die Rauchgasklappe kann dann entsprechend ausgestaltet sein, in die federvorgespannte Verriegelung, bspw. mittels eines Hakens oder Bolzens, in der geschlossenen Betriebsstellung einzugreifen. Durch Betätigen der Verriegelung kann die Halteeinrichtung die Rauchgasklappe freigeben, indem die Verriegelung den Haken, den Bolzen oder dergleichen freigibt.If the holding device is designed for mechanical release, it can have a spring-preloaded lock. The flue gas flap can then be designed accordingly to intervene in the spring-preloaded lock, for example by means of a hook or bolt, in the closed operating position. By operating the lock, the holding device can release the flue gas flap by the lock releases the hook, the bolt or the like.

Bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen umfasst die Unterbrechungseinrichtung weiter einen Antrieb, der dazu eingerichtet ist, die Rauchgasklappe von der offenen Betriebsstellung in die geschlossene Betriebsstellung zu bewegen. Der Antrieb kann mechanisch ausgestaltet sein und bspw. durch einen Hebel oder eine Kurbel oder dergleichen betätigbar sein. Der Antrieb kann aber auch elektrisch betreibbar ausgestaltet sein und z. B. einen Elektromotor umfassen.In some exemplary embodiments, the interruption device further comprises a drive which is set up to move the flue gas flap from the open operating position into the closed operating position. The drive can be designed mechanically and can be actuated, for example, by a lever or a crank or the like. The drive can also be designed to be electrically operated and z. B. comprise an electric motor.

Der Antrieb kann über eine mechanische Kopplung mit der drehbaren Welle gekoppelt sein. Der Antrieb selbst kann eine Antriebswelle aufweisen, sodass die mechanische Kopplung die Antriebswelle und die drehbare Welle miteinander koppelt. Dadurch ist der Antrieb bzw. die Antriebswelle bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen nicht starr mit der drehbaren Welle gekoppelt.The drive can be coupled to the rotatable shaft via a mechanical coupling. The drive itself can have a drive shaft so that the mechanical coupling couples the drive shaft and the rotatable shaft to one another. As a result, the drive or the drive shaft is not rigidly coupled to the rotatable shaft in some exemplary embodiments.

Die mechanische Kopplung kann dazu ausgelegt sein, den Antrieb von der drehbaren Welle zu entkoppeln, wenn die Rauchgasklappe in der geschlossenen Betriebsstellung ist. Dadurch kann der Antrieb wieder in eine Ausgangsstellung zurückbewegt werden, sodass er wieder betriebsbereit ist. Die Rauchgasklappe kann sich dadurch wieder aus der geschlossenen Betriebsstellung in die offene Betriebsstellung bewegen und danach wieder mit Hilfe des Antriebs von der offenen in die geschlossene Betriebsstellung bewegt werden.The mechanical coupling can be designed to decouple the drive from the rotatable shaft when the flue gas flap is in the closed operating position. As a result, the drive can be moved back into a starting position so that it is ready for operation again. The flue gas flap can move again from the closed operating position to the open operating position and then be moved again with the aid of the drive from the open to the closed operating position.

Der Antrieb kann dazu ausgelegt sein, dass er nur in einer Richtung drehbar ist und folglich die drehbare Welle nur in einer Richtung antreibt. Die mechanische Kopplung ist dann derart ausgestaltet, dass sie solange den Antrieb mit der drehbaren Welle koppelt, bis die Rauchgasklappe von ihrer offenen Betriebsstellung in die geschlossene Betriebsstellung bewegt ist. Dann entkoppelt die mechanische Kopplung die drehbare Welle vom Antrieb bzw. von seiner Antriebswelle und der Antrieb kann solange in seiner festgelegten Drehrichtung weitergedreht werden, bis er wieder in seiner Ausgangsstellung ist, in der die mechanische Kopplung wieder den Antrieb bzw. seine Antriebswelle mit der drehbaren Welle koppelt.The drive can be designed so that it can only be rotated in one direction and consequently only drives the rotatable shaft in one direction. The mechanical coupling is then designed in such a way that it couples the drive to the rotatable shaft until the flue gas flap is moved from its open operating position to the closed operating position. Then the mechanical coupling decouples the rotatable shaft from the drive or from its drive shaft and the drive can continue to be rotated in its specified direction of rotation until it is back in its starting position in which the mechanical coupling again connects the drive or its drive shaft with the rotatable Shaft couples.

Der Antrieb kann dazu ausgelegt sein, dass er in zwei Richtungen drehbar ist. Wenn die Rauchgasklappe von der offenen Betriebsstellung in die geschlossene Betriebsstellung bewegt wird, erkennt der Antrieb oder eine Steuerung, die den Antrieb betreibt, dass die Rauchgasklappe in der geschlossenen Betriebsstellung ist und stoppt den Antrieb. Danach wird der Antrieb wieder in seine Ausgangsstellung bewegt, in der er in der Lage ist, die Rauchgasklappe wieder von der offenen in die geschlossene Betriebsstellung zu bewegen. Auch hier kann die mechanische Kopplung den Antrieb bzw. seine Antriebswelle von der drehbaren Welle entkoppeln, bis der Antrieb wieder in der Ausgangsstellung ist.The drive can be designed to be rotatable in two directions. When the flue gas flap is moved from the open operating position to the closed operating position, the drive or a control that operates the drive detects that the flue gas damper is in the closed operating position and stops the drive. Then the drive is moved back to its starting position, in which it is able to move the flue gas flap again from the open to the closed operating position. Here, too, the mechanical coupling can decouple the drive or its drive shaft from the rotatable shaft until the drive is again in the starting position.

Sobald die Rauchgasklappe in der geschlossenen Betriebsstellung ist, hält die Halteeinrichtung sie wieder fest, wie es oben beschrieben wurde, indem z.B. der Elektromagnet betrieben wird, ein Haken, Bolzen oder dergleichen in die federvorgespannte Verriegelung eingreift oder ein anderes Arretierungsmittel, die Rauchgasklappe festhält.As soon as the flue gas damper is in the closed operating position, the holding device retains it, as described above, e.g. the electromagnet is operated, a hook, bolt or the like engages in the spring-loaded lock or another locking means that holds the flue gas flap in place.

Bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen umfasst der Biomasseofen eine Steuerung, die dazu eingerichtet ist, nach einer vorgegebenen Zeitdauer den Unterbrechungseinrichtung derart zu steuern, dass sie die Rauchgasklappe von der offenen Betriebsstellung in die geschlossene Betriebsstellung bewegt.In some exemplary embodiments, the biomass furnace comprises a control which is set up to control the interruption device after a predetermined period of time in such a way that it moves the flue gas flap from the open operating position into the closed operating position.

Die Steuerung kann einen Mikroprozessor aufweisen, der dazu eingerichtet ist, die hierin beschriebenen Schritte auszuführen und zudem einen flüchtigen und/oder FestwertSpeicher zum Speichern von Daten, wie bspw. der vorgegebenen Zeitdauer, aufweisen.The controller can have a microprocessor which is set up to carry out the steps described herein and which also has a volatile and / or read-only memory for storing data, such as the predetermined period of time.

Dadurch, dass die Steuerung nach der vorgegebenen Zeitdauer die Unterbrechungseinrichtung ansteuert, die Rauchgasklappe von der offenen Betriebsstellung in die geschlossene Betriebsstellung zu bewegen, kann nicht vergessen werden, die Rauchgasklappe wieder zu schließen.Because the control activates the interruption device after the predetermined period of time to move the flue gas flap from the open operating position to the closed operating position, it is not possible to forget to close the flue gas flap again.

Die Rauchgasklappe kann einen Filtereinsatz aufweisen, der dazu eingerichtet ist, Schadstoffe aus durch ihn strömendes Rauchgas zu filtern und/oder katalytisch zu oxidieren. Der Filtereinsatz wird von Rauchgas durchströmt, wenn die Rauchgasklappe in der geschlossenen Betriebsstellung ist.The flue gas flap can have a filter insert which is designed to filter pollutants from flue gas flowing through it and / or to oxidize them catalytically. Flue gas flows through the filter insert when the flue gas flap is in the closed operating position.

Bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen ist die Luftzufuhr drehbar mit dem Feuerraum gekoppelt. Dadurch kann bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen der Feuerraum gedreht werden. Bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen kann auch der gesamte Biomasseofen gedreht werden inklusive Feuerraum, Rauchgassammelbereich und Rauchgasführung.In some exemplary embodiments, the air supply is rotatably coupled to the combustion chamber. In this way, in some exemplary embodiments, the combustion chamber can be rotated. In some exemplary embodiments, the entire biomass furnace can also be rotated, including the combustion chamber, flue gas collection area and flue gas duct.

Die Luftzufuhr kann einen zweiteiligen Abschnitt aufweisen, wobei der erste Teil mit dem zweiten Teil des zweiteiligen Abschnitts drehbar gekoppelt ist. Der erste oder zweite Teil kann fest mit dem Feuerraum im Bodenbereich verbunden sein, bspw. mit dem Boden des Feuerraums. Der andere Teil kann bspw. fest mit dem Boden des Aufstellungsortes verbunden sein, sodass der Feuerraum bzw. der Biomasseofen drehbar gelagert ist. Dementsprechend kann ein Nutzer den Feuerraum bzw. den gesamten Biomasseofen in eine gewünschte Stellung drehen.The air supply can have a two-part section, the first part with is rotatably coupled to the second part of the two-part section. The first or second part can be firmly connected to the firebox in the floor area, for example to the floor of the firebox. The other part can, for example, be firmly connected to the floor of the installation site so that the furnace or the biomass furnace is rotatably mounted. Accordingly, a user can turn the furnace or the entire biomass furnace into a desired position.

Bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen ist die Luftzufuhr zentriert am Boden des Feuerraums angeordnet. Die Luftzufuhr kann aber auch an einer anderen Stelle angeordnet sein, an der bspw. eine Symmetrieachse oder Schwerpunktsachse des Feuerraums bzw. des Biomasseofens verläuft, um bspw. eine gleichmäßige Gewichtsverteilung zu erreichen.In some exemplary embodiments, the air supply is arranged centered on the floor of the furnace. The air supply can, however, also be arranged at another point at which, for example, an axis of symmetry or the center of gravity of the furnace or the biomass furnace runs, in order to achieve, for example, a uniform weight distribution.

Bei manchen Ausführungsbeispielen umfasst der Biomasseofen weiter einen zweiteiligen Rauchgasstutzen, wobei der erste Teil mit dem zweiten Teil des zweiteiligen Rauchgasstutzens drehbar gekoppelt ist. Der Rauchgasstutzen oder der erste oder zweite Teil des zweiteiligen Rauchgasstutzens kann an dem Rauchgassammelbereich angeordnet sein. Dadurch kann der Feuerraum mit dem Rauchgassammelbereich mit der Rauchgasführung gedreht werden.In some exemplary embodiments, the biomass furnace further comprises a two-part flue gas connector, the first part being rotatably coupled to the second part of the two-part flue gas connector. The smoke gas nozzle or the first or second part of the two-part smoke gas nozzle can be arranged on the smoke gas collecting area. This allows the combustion chamber with the flue gas collection area to be rotated with the flue gas duct.

Die Luftzufuhr und der Rauchgasstutzen liegen auf einer gemeinsamen Achse, die dann auch eine Drehachse für den Feuerraum bzw. den Biomasseofen bildet. Wie erwähnt, kann die Drehachse auf einer Symmetrieachse oder Schwerpunktsachse des Feuerraums bzw. des Biosmasseofens angeordnet sein.The air supply and the flue gas nozzle lie on a common axis, which then also forms an axis of rotation for the combustion chamber or the biomass furnace. As mentioned, the axis of rotation can be arranged on an axis of symmetry or the center of gravity of the combustion chamber or the bio-mass oven.

Der zweiteilige Abschnitt der Luftzufuhr und/oder der zweiteilige Rauchgasstutzen können bspw. aus Gusseisen oder dergleichen hergestellt sein und jeweils eine plane Fläche aufweisen, auf denen der erste und zweite Teil des Abschnitts der Luftzufuhr bzw. des Rauchgasstutzens gleiten und dadurch gegeneinander verdreht werden können. Bei anderen Ausführungsbeispielen ist ein Kugellager, Kugelkranz oder andere Art von Lagerung zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Teil des Abschnitts der Luftzufuhr bzw. des Rauchgasstutzens vorgesehen, um die Drehbarkeit zueinander zu bewirken. Zur Abdichtung zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Teil des Abschnitts der Luftzufuhr bzw. des Rauchgasstutzens kann ein entsprechendes Dichtmaterial, eine umlaufende Dichtmanschette oder dergleichen vorgesehen sein. Eine Ausführung ohne zusätzliches Dichtmaterial ist ebenfalls möglich.The two-part section of the air supply and / or the two-part flue gas nozzle can be made of cast iron or the like, for example, and each have a flat surface on which the first and second part of the section of the air supply or the smoke gas nozzle slide and can thus be rotated against each other. In other exemplary embodiments, a ball bearing, ball ring or other type of mounting is provided between the first and second part of the section of the air supply or of the flue gas connector in order to effect the rotatability with respect to one another. A corresponding sealing material, a circumferential sealing collar or the like can be provided for sealing between the first and second part of the section of the air supply or the flue gas connector. A design without additional sealing material is also possible.

Zurückkommend zu Fig. 1 ist dort ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Biomasseofens, schematisch dargestellt, wobei der Biomasseofen konkret als Pelletofen, Scheitholzen, Pellet-Scheitholzkombinationsofen der dergleichen ausgestaltet sein kann.Coming back to Fig. 1 is there a first embodiment of a biomass furnace, shown schematically, wherein the biomass furnace can specifically be designed as a pellet furnace, logs, pellet-log combination furnace or the like.

Der Biomasseofen 1 hat einen Feuerraum 2, mit einem Zuluftstutzen 3 am Boden für die Luftzufuhr und einer Rauchgasführung 4, die oberhalb des Feuerraums 2 in einem Rauchgassammelbereich 5 mündet.The biomass furnace 1 has a combustion chamber 2, with an air inlet connection 3 on the floor for the air supply and a flue gas duct 4, which opens into a flue gas collecting area 5 above the combustion chamber 2.

Die Rauchgasführung 4 ist über einen Anschluss 6 in einem oberen Bereich des Feuerraums 2 mit dem Inneren des Feuerraums 2 verbunden, sodass Rauchgas aus dem Inneren des Feuerraums 2 in die Rauchgasführung 4 gelangt.The flue gas duct 4 is connected to the interior of the combustion chamber 2 via a connection 6 in an upper region of the combustion chamber 2, so that the flue gas from the interior of the combustion chamber 2 enters the flue gas duct 4.

Die Rauchgasführung 4 erstreckt sich in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel parallel zu und beabstandet zu einer Seitenwand des Feuerraums 2 über die gesamte Höhe des Feuerraums 2, d. h. oben bis zum Rauchgassammelbereich 5 und unten bis zum Boden des Feuerraums 2.In this exemplary embodiment, the flue gas duct 4 extends parallel to and at a distance from a side wall of the combustion chamber 2 over the entire height of the combustion chamber 2, i. H. up to the flue gas collection area 5 and down to the floor of the furnace 2.

Die Rauchgasführung 4 hat in der Mitte eine Trennwand 4a, die die Rauchgasführung 4 in zwei Kanäle 4b, c aufteilt, wobei ein erster Kanal 4b mit dem Anschluss 6 verbunden ist und der andere, zweite Kanal 4c mit dem Rauchgassammelbereich 5 verbunden ist.The flue gas duct 4 has a partition 4a in the middle which divides the flue gas duct 4 into two channels 4b, c, a first channel 4b being connected to the connection 6 and the other, second channel 4c being connected to the flue gas collecting area 5.

Dadurch wird das Rauchgas, welches durch den Anschluss 6 in den ersten Kanal 4b der Rauchgasführung 4 gelangt, zunächst nach unten gegen die Konvektionsrichtung geleitet, wird am unteren Ende um 180° umgelenkt, gelangt in den zweiten Kanal 4c und strömt in Richtung der Konvektionsrichtung nach oben in den Rauchgassammelbereich 5 (siehe auch Pfeile und gestrichelte Linie).As a result, the flue gas that enters the first channel 4b of the flue gas duct 4 through the connection 6 is initially directed downwards against the direction of convection, is deflected by 180 ° at the lower end, enters the second channel 4c and flows in the direction of the convection direction above in the flue gas collecting area 5 (see also arrows and dashed line).

Der Rauchgassammelbereich 5 hat einen Rauchgasstutzen 7, der auf einer mit dem Zuluftstutzen 3 gemeinsamen Achse angeordnet ist.The flue gas collecting area 5 has a flue gas connector 7 which is arranged on an axis common to the supply air connector 3.

Der Zuluftstutzen 3 und der Rauchgasstutzen 7 können, wie auch oben ausgeführt, zweiteilig ausgestaltet sein.The supply air connection 3 and the flue gas connection 7 can, as also stated above, be designed in two parts.

Dementsprechend hat der Zuluftstutzen 3 einen ersten Teil 3a, der mit dem Boden des Feuerraums 2 verbunden ist und einen zum ersten Teil 3a drehbar gelagerten zweiten Teil 3b, der fest mit dem Boden an einem Aufstellungsort des Biomasseofens 1 anbringbar ist.Accordingly, the supply air connection 3 has a first part 3a, which is connected to the floor of the furnace 2, and a second part 3b which is rotatably mounted to the first part 3a and which can be fixed to the floor at an installation site of the biomass furnace 1.

Der Rauchgasstutzen 7 hat einen ersten Teil 7a, der mit einer Oberseite des Rauchgassammelbereiches 5 verbunden ist und einen zweiten Teil 7b, der drehbar mit dem ersten Teil 7a verbunden ist. Der zweite Teil 7b ist bspw. an ein Kaminrohr oder einen Kaminanschluss anbringbar. Die drehbare Lagerung zwischen den Teilen 3a und 3b bzw. 7a und 7b kann dabei, wie oben ausgeführt, durch plane Flächen, Kugellager oder dergleichen vorgesehen sein, wobei die Abdichtung von außen, bspw. durch eine Dichtmanschette oder dergleichen im Stoßbereich der Teile 3a und 3b bzw. 7a und 7b bewirkt werden kann.The flue gas nozzle 7 has a first part 7a which is connected to an upper side of the flue gas collecting area 5 and a second part 7b which is rotatably connected to the first part 7a. The second part 7b can be attached to a chimney pipe or a chimney connection, for example. The rotatable mounting between the parts 3a and 3b or 7a and 7b can, as stated above, be provided by flat surfaces, ball bearings or the like, the sealing from the outside, e.g. by a sealing collar or the like in the joint area of the parts 3a and 3b or 7a and 7b can be effected.

Dadurch dass der Rauchgasstutzen 7 und der Zuluftstutzen 3 auf einer gemeinsamen Drehachse liegen und jeweils drehbar ausgestaltet sind, kann der gesamte Biomasseofen 1 in eine gewünschte Position um eine vertikale Drehachse gedreht werden.Because the flue gas nozzle 7 and the supply air nozzle 3 lie on a common axis of rotation and are each designed to be rotatable, the entire biomass furnace 1 can be rotated into a desired position about a vertical axis of rotation.

Der Zuluftstutzen 3 kann dabei so ausgestaltet sein, dass er das Gesamtgewicht des Biomasseofens 2 trägt.The air inlet connector 3 can be designed in such a way that it bears the total weight of the biomass furnace 2.

Figur 2 zeigt Querschnitte von vier verschiedenen Biomasseöfen , bei denen jeweils der Zuluft-/Rauchgasstutzen an unterschiedlicher Stelle sitzt, nämlich zentriert oder außermittig, wobei jeweils der Zuluft- und Rauchgasstutzen auf einer gemeinsamen Achse liegen, um die dann der Biomasseofen drehbar ist (die Achse geht jeweils senkrecht durch die Papierebene der Figuren und zwar jeweils durch die Mitte der kleinen Kreise, die die Zuluft-/Rauchgasstutzenpositionen kennzeichnen). Die Querschnitte veranschaulicht, dass der Biomasseofen nicht auf eine besondere Form beschränkt ist. Figure 2 shows cross-sections of four different biomass stoves, in each of which the supply air / flue gas nozzle is located at a different point, namely centered or off-center, with the supply air and flue gas nozzle lying on a common axis around which the biomass stove can then be rotated (the axis goes in each case vertically through the paper plane of the figures, in each case through the middle of the small circles that mark the supply air / flue gas nozzle positions). The cross-sections illustrate that the biomass furnace is not limited to a particular shape.

Fig. 3 veranschaulicht ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Biomasseofens, beispielsweise ein Biomasseofen 11, der sehr ähnlich zum Biomasseofen 1 von Fig. 1 ist und sich im Wesentlichen nur in der Rauchgasführung unterscheidet. Fig. 3 FIG. 4 illustrates a second embodiment of a biomass furnace, for example a biomass furnace 11, which is very similar to the biomass furnace 1 of FIG Fig. 1 and differs essentially only in the flue gas flow.

Der Biomasseofen 11 hat einen Feuerraum 12, mit einem Zuluftstutzen 13 am Boden für die Luftzufuhr und eine Rauchgasführung 14, die oberhalb des Feuerraums 12 in einem Rauchgassammelbereich 15 mündet.The biomass furnace 11 has a combustion chamber 12 with an air inlet connection 13 on the floor for the air supply and a flue gas duct 14 which opens into a flue gas collecting area 15 above the combustion chamber 12.

Die Rauchgasführung 14 ist über einen Anschluss 16 in einem oberen Bereich des Feuerraums 12 mit dem Inneren des Feuerraums 12 verbunden, sodass Rauchgas aus dem Inneren des Feuerraums 12 in die Rauchgasführung 14 gelangt.The flue gas duct 14 is connected to the interior of the combustion chamber 12 via a connection 16 in an upper region of the combustion chamber 12, so that the flue gas from the interior of the combustion chamber 12 enters the flue gas duct 14.

Die Rauchgasführung 14 erstreckt sich in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel teilweise um den Feuerraum 12 herum (siehe auch Pfeile und gepunktete Linie, die den Rauchgasweg symbolisiert). Ausgehend vom Anschluss 16 erstreckt sich die Rauchgasführung 14 in einem Abschnitt 14a parallel und beabstandet zu einer Seitenwand bis über den Boden des Feuerraums 2 hinaus, wobei Rauchgas aus dem Feuerraum 12 in dem Abschnitt 14a gegen die Konvektionsrichtung nach unten geleitet wird. In einem weiteren Abschnitt 14b verläuft die Rauchgasführung 14 parallel und beabstandet zum Boden des Feuerraums 12, um sich dann in einem weiteren Abschnitt 14c parallel und beabstandet zur gegenüberliegenden Seitenwand bis hin zum Rauchgassammelbereich 15 zu erstrecken. Das Rauchgas wird dementsprechend im Abschnitt 14b parallel zum Boden des Feuerraums 12 geführt und dann im Abschnitt 14c in Konvektionsrichtung bis zum Rauchgassammelbereich 15.The flue gas duct 14 extends partially around the in this embodiment Firebox 12 around (see also arrows and dotted line, which symbolizes the flue gas path). Starting from the connection 16, the flue gas duct 14 extends in a section 14a parallel and at a distance from a side wall beyond the floor of the furnace 2, with flue gas from the furnace 12 in the section 14a being directed downwards against the convection direction. In a further section 14b, the flue gas duct 14 runs parallel and at a distance from the floor of the furnace 12, in order then to extend in a further section 14c parallel and at a distance from the opposite side wall up to the flue gas collecting area 15. The flue gas is accordingly guided in section 14b parallel to the floor of the furnace 12 and then in section 14c in the convection direction as far as the flue gas collecting area 15.

Der Rauchgassammelbereich 15 hat einen Rauchgasstutzen 17, der auf einer mit dem Zuluftstutzen 13 gemeinsamen Achse angeordnet ist.The flue gas collecting area 15 has a flue gas connector 17 which is arranged on an axis common to the supply air connector 13.

Der Zuluftstutzen 13 und der Rauchgasstutzen 17 können, wie auch oben insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 1 ausgeführt, zweiteilig ausgestaltet sein, sodass der Biomasseofen 11 drehbar sein kann.The supply air connection 13 and the flue gas connection 17 can, as also above, in particular in connection with Fig. 1 executed, be designed in two parts, so that the biomass furnace 11 can be rotated.

Zurückkommend zu Fig. 4 ist dort ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Biomasseofens, nämlich eines Pellet-/Scheitholz Kombinationsofens 21, schematisch dargestellt, der im Wesentlichen dem Biomasseofen von Fig. 1 entspricht mit dem Hauptunterschied, dass eine Unterbrechungseinrichtung in Form einer Rauchgasklappe 29 und eine Rauchgasumgehung 28 vorgesehen sind.Coming back to Fig. 4 there is a third embodiment of a biomass furnace, namely a pellet / log combination furnace 21, shown schematically, which is essentially the biomass furnace of Fig. 1 corresponds with the main difference that an interruption device in the form of a flue gas flap 29 and a flue gas bypass 28 are provided.

Der Pellet-/Scheitholz Kombinationsofen 21 hat einen Feuerraum 22, mit einem Zuluftstutzen 23 am Boden für die Luftzufuhr und einer Rauchgasführung 24, die oberhalb des Feuerraums 22 in einem Rauchgassammelbereich 25 mündet.The pellet / log combination stove 21 has a combustion chamber 22, with an air inlet connection 23 on the floor for the air supply and a flue gas duct 24 which opens into a flue gas collecting area 25 above the combustion chamber 22.

Die Rauchgasführung 24 ist über einen Anschluss 26 in einem oberen Bereich des Feuerraums 22 mit dem Inneren des Feuerraums 22 verbunden, sodass Rauchgas aus dem Inneren des Feuerraums 22 in die Rauchgasführung 24 gelangt.The flue gas duct 24 is connected to the interior of the combustion chamber 22 via a connection 26 in an upper region of the combustion chamber 22, so that the flue gas from the interior of the combustion chamber 22 reaches the flue gas duct 24.

Die Rauchgasführung 24 erstreckt sich in diesem Ausführungsbeispiel parallel zu einer Seitenwand des Feuerraums 22 über die gesamte Höhe des Feuerraums 22, d. h. oben bis zum Rauchgassammelbereich 25 und unten bis zum Boden des Feuerraums 22. Die Rauchgasführung 24 hat in der Mitte eine Trennwand 24a, die die Rauchgasführung 24 in zwei Kanäle aufteilt, wobei ein erster Kanal mit dem Anschluss 26 verbunden ist und der andere, zweite Kanal mit dem Rauchgassammelbereich 25 verbunden ist.In this exemplary embodiment, the flue gas duct 24 extends parallel to a side wall of the combustion chamber 22 over the entire height of the combustion chamber 22, ie up to the flue gas collecting area 25 and down to the floor of the combustion chamber 22. The flue gas duct 24 has a partition wall 24a in the middle, which divides the flue gas duct 24 into two channels, a first duct being connected to the connection 26 and the other, second duct being connected to the flue gas collecting area 25.

Dadurch wird das Rauchgas, welches durch den Anschluss 26 in den ersten Kanal der Rauchgasführung 24 gelangt, zunächst nach unten gegen die Konvektionsrichtung geleitet, wird am unteren Ende um 180° umgelenkt, gelangt in den zweiten Kanal und strömt in Richtung der Konvektionsrichtung nach oben in den Rauchgassammelbereich 25 (siehe auch Pfeile und gestrichelte Linie).As a result, the flue gas that enters the first channel of the flue gas duct 24 through the connection 26 is initially directed downwards against the convection direction, is deflected by 180 ° at the lower end, enters the second channel and flows upwards in the direction of the convection direction the flue gas collection area 25 (see also arrows and dashed line).

Der Rauchgassammelbereich 25 hat einen Rauchgasstutzen 27, der auf einer mit dem Zuluftstutzen 23 gemeinsamen Achse angeordnet ist.The flue gas collecting area 25 has a flue gas connector 27 which is arranged on an axis common to the supply air connector 23.

Der Zuluftstutzen 23 und der Rauchgasstutzen 27 können, wie auch oben ausgeführt, zweiteilig ausgestaltet sein.The supply air connection 23 and the smoke gas connection 27 can, as also stated above, be designed in two parts.

Außerdem ist zwischen der Oberseite des Feuerraums 22 und der Unterseite des Rauchgassammelbereiches 25 eine Rauchgasumgehung 28 vorgesehen, die von einer Unterbrechungseinrichtung 29, die als Rauchgasklappe ausgestaltet ist, verschlossen werden kann. Die Rauchgasumgehung verbindet das Innere des Feuerraums 22 mit dem Rauchgassammelbereich 25.In addition, a flue gas bypass 28 is provided between the top of the furnace 22 and the bottom of the flue gas collecting area 25, which can be closed by an interruption device 29, which is designed as a flue gas flap. The flue gas bypass connects the interior of the furnace 22 with the flue gas collecting area 25.

Die Rauchgasklappe 29 ist drehbar an einem Ende gelagert und kann in Richtung der Schwerkraft nach unten schwingen, sodass sie die Rauchgasumgehung 28 in diesem Zustand freigibt.The flue gas flap 29 is rotatably mounted at one end and can swing downward in the direction of gravity, so that it releases the flue gas bypass 28 in this state.

Wenn die Rauchgasklappe 29 geschlossen ist, so geht Rauchgas aus dem Feuerraum 22 den oben beschriebenen Weg durch die Rauchgasführung 24. Sobald aber die Rauchgasklappe 29 geöffnet ist, ist der direkte Weg durch die Rauchgasumgehung 28 in den Rauchgassammelbereich 25 freigegeben, und das Rauchgas kann folglich, ohne den Weg durch die Rauchgasführung 24 nehmen zu müssen, direkt in den Rauchgassammelbereich 25 strömen.When the flue gas flap 29 is closed, the flue gas from the combustion chamber 22 takes the route described above through the flue gas duct 24. However, as soon as the flue gas flap 29 is open, the direct route through the flue gas bypass 28 into the flue gas collection area 25 is enabled, and the flue gas can consequently without having to take the path through the flue gas duct 24, flow directly into the flue gas collecting area 25.

Dadurch kann ein Austreten von Rauchgas, bspw. beim Öffnen des Feuerraums 22, verhindert werden und es kann bspw. auch der Pellet-/Scheitholz Kombinationsofen 21 stromlos betrieben werden, wenn bspw. ein Rauchgasgebläse das, wie oben beschrieben, Unterdruck erzeugt, abgeschaltet ist.This prevents flue gas from escaping, for example when the combustion chamber 22 is opened, and the pellet / log combination furnace 21 can also be operated without electricity, for example when a flue gas fan that generates negative pressure, as described above, is switched off .

Der Zuluftstutzen 23 und der Rauchgasstutzen 27 können, wie oben im Zusammenhang mit Fig. 1 beschrieben, zweiteilig ausgeführt sein, sodass der Pellet-/Scheitholz Kombinationsofen 21 ebenfalls drehbar sein kann.The supply air connection 23 and the flue gas connection 27 can, as above in connection with Fig. 1 described, be made in two parts, so that the pellet / log combination stove 21 can also be rotated.

Fig. 5 veranschaulicht beispielhaft eine automatische Unterbrechungseinrichtung 30, die in dem hierin beschriebenen Biomasseofen zum Einsatz kommen kann. Fig. 5 illustrates an example of an automatic interruption device 30 that can be used in the biomass furnace described herein.

Die Unterbrechungseinrichtung 30 hat eine Steuerung 31, die auch Bestandsteil einer Steuerung des Biomasseofens sein kann. Die Steuerung 31 hat einen Mikroprozessor und einen Speicher, in dem Betriebsparameter abgelegt sind.The interruption device 30 has a control 31, which can also be part of a control of the biomass furnace. The controller 31 has a microprocessor and a memory in which the operating parameters are stored.

Die Steuerung 31 ist mit einem Antrieb 32, mit einer Halteeinrichtung 33, die bspw. eine Rauchgasklappe hält (z. B. wie die Rauchgasklappe 29 in Fig. 4), einem Bedienelement 34 und einem Türschalter 35 gekoppelt.The controller 31 is equipped with a drive 32, with a holding device 33 which, for example, holds a flue gas flap (e.g. like the flue gas flap 29 in FIG Fig. 4 ), a control element 34 and a door switch 35 coupled.

Das Bedienelement 34 ist als Betätigungsknopf ausgebildet und es sendet ein entsprechendes Betätigungssignal an die Steuerung 31, wenn es von einem Benutzer betätigt wird.The operating element 34 is designed as an actuation button and it sends a corresponding actuation signal to the controller 31 when it is actuated by a user.

Der Türschalter 35 ist derart angeordnet, dass er ein entsprechendes Öffnungssignal an die Steuerung 31 übermittelt, wenn die Feuerraumtür des Feuerraums des Biomasseofens geöffnet ist.The door switch 35 is arranged in such a way that it transmits a corresponding opening signal to the controller 31 when the combustion chamber door of the combustion chamber of the biomass furnace is open.

Im normalen Betriebszustand ist die Rauchgasklappe im geschlossenen Betriebszustand, sodass Rauchgas durch die Rauchgasführung strömen würde. Dementsprechend steuert die Steuerung 31 die Halteeinrichtung 33 an, sodass die Halteeinrichtung 33 die Rauchgasklappe in der geschlossenen Betriebsstellung hält, indem sie bspw. einen Elektromagneten mit Strom beaufschlägt, der die Rauchgasklappe hält.In the normal operating state, the flue gas flap is in the closed operating state, so that flue gas would flow through the flue gas duct. Accordingly, the controller 31 controls the holding device 33 so that the holding device 33 holds the flue gas flap in the closed operating position, for example by applying current to an electromagnet that holds the flue gas flap.

Empfängt die Steuerung 31 das Betätigungssignal des Bedienelements 34, so steuert sie die Halteeinrichtung 33 an, die Rauchgasklappe freizugeben, indem der Elektromagnet stromlos geschaltet wird.If the controller 31 receives the actuation signal of the operating element 34, it controls the holding device 33 to release the flue gas flap by switching the electromagnet to a currentless state.

Nach einer vorgegebenen Zeitdauer, z.B. 60 Sekunden, steuert die Steuerung 31 den Antrieb 32 (z. B. einen Elektromotor) an, sodass dieser die Rauchgasklappe wieder in den geschlossenen Betriebszustand bewegt und sie steuert die Halteeinrichtung 33 an, die Rauchgasklappe wieder in dem geschlossenen Betriebszustand zu halten. Empfängt die Steuerung 31 ein Öffnungssignal vom Türschalter 35, so steuert sie die Halteeinrichtung 33 an, die Rauchgasklappe freizugeben, sodass diese sich in die offene Betriebsstellung bewegt. Der Türschalter 35 ist hier so ausgestaltet, dass er solange das Öffnungssignal an die Steuerung 31 übermittelt, bis die Feuerraumtür wieder geschlossen ist. Wenn die Steuerung 31 feststellt, dass sie kein Öffnungssignal mehr empfängt, steuert sie den Antrieb 32 und die Halteeinrichtung 33 an, die Rauchgasklappe wieder in die geschlossene Betriebsstellung zu bewegen und dort zu halten.After a predetermined period of time, for example 60 seconds, the controller 31 activates the drive 32 (e.g. an electric motor) so that it moves the flue gas flap back into the closed operating state and controls the holding device 33, the flue gas flap in the closed operating state again To maintain operating condition. If the controller 31 receives an opening signal from the door switch 35, it controls the holding device 33 to release the flue gas flap so that it moves into the open operating position. The door switch 35 is designed here in such a way that it transmits the opening signal to the controller 31 until the combustion chamber door is closed again. When the controller 31 determines that it no longer receives an opening signal, it controls the drive 32 and the holding device 33 to move the flue gas flap back into the closed operating position and to hold it there.

Bei einem alternativen Ausführungsbeispiel sendet der Türschalter 35 nur ein kurzes Öffnungssignal beim Öffnen der Feuerraumtür. In diesem Fall steuert die Steuerung 31 nach einer vorgegebenen Zeitdauer, z.B. 60 Sekunden, den Antrieb 32 und die die Halteeinrichtung 33 an, die Rauchgasklappe wieder in die geschlossene Betriebsstellung zu bewegen und dort zu halten. Die Zeitdauer kann dabei so gewählt werden, dass nach ihrem Ablauf ein typischer Befüllvorgang des Feuerraums mit Brennstoff abgeschlossen ist.In an alternative embodiment, the door switch 35 sends only a brief opening signal when the combustion chamber door is opened. In this case, the controller 31 controls after a predetermined period of time, e.g. 60 seconds, the drive 32 and the holding device 33 to move the flue gas flap back into the closed operating position and to hold it there. The period of time can be chosen so that a typical filling process of the combustion chamber with fuel is completed after its expiry.

Die Steuerung 31 ist außerdem so ausgestaltet, dass sie erkennt, wenn die Rauchgasklappe im geschlossenen Betriebszustand ist. Dies kann durch einen Schalter oder Sensor geschehen, der bspw. in der Halteeinrichtung 33 integriert ist und ausgelöst wird und ein entsprechendes Signal an die Steuerung 31 übermittelt, wenn die Rauchgasklappe gegen die Halteeinrichtung 33 stößt.The controller 31 is also designed so that it recognizes when the flue gas flap is in the closed operating state. This can be done by a switch or sensor that is integrated in the holding device 33, for example, and is triggered and transmits a corresponding signal to the controller 31 when the flue gas flap hits the holding device 33.

Wird die Steuerung 31 bzw. die Halteeinrichtung 33 stromlos, z.B. durch einen Stromausfall, gibt die Halteeinrichtung 33 die Rauchgasklappe automatisch frei, da der Elektromagnet nicht mehr mit Strom versorgt wird.If the control 31 or the holding device 33 is de-energized, e.g. in the event of a power failure, the holding device 33 automatically releases the flue gas flap, since the electromagnet is no longer supplied with power.

Dadurch ist auch bei einem Stromausfall ein sicheres Abbrennen oder ein sicherer Betrieb gewährleistet.This guarantees safe burning down or safe operation even in the event of a power failure.

Die Rauchgasklappe kann wie oben beschrieben auch händisch wieder in Betriebsposition gebracht werden (anstelle eines Antriebs).As described above, the flue gas flap can also be brought back into operating position manually (instead of a drive).

Claims (9)

  1. Biomass furnace, comprising:
    a combustion chamber (2, 12, 22) having a floor;
    an air inlet (3, 13, 23) arranged in the floor region of the combustion chamber (2, 12, 22);
    a flue gas collecting region (5, 15, 25) which is arranged above the combustion chamber (2, 12, 22), and a flue gas nozzle (7, 17, 27) which is arranged on the flue gas collecting region (5, 15, 25); and
    a flue gas duct (4, 14, 24) which conveys flue gas downwards out of the combustion chamber (2, 12, 22) and, after a change of direction, upwards into the flue gas collecting region (5, 15, 25);
    characterised in that
    the air inlet (3, 13, 23) and the flue gas nozzle (7, 17, 27) are on a common axis which forms an axis of rotation for the combustion chamber together with the flue gas collecting region (5, 15, 25) and the flue gas duct (4, 14, 24).
  2. Biomass furnace according to claim 1, further comprising a flue gas bypass (28) which couples the flue gas collecting region (25) and the combustion chamber (22).
  3. Biomass furnace according to claim 2, further comprising an interruption device (29, 30) which is designed to selectively conduct flue gas through the flue gas duct (4, 14, 24) or the flue gas bypass (28).
  4. Biomass furnace according to claim 3, wherein the interruption device (29, 30) has a flue gas flap (29).
  5. Biomass furnace according to either claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the interruption device (30) is designed to automatically selectively conduct the flue gas through the flue gas duct (4, 14, 24) or the flue gas bypass (28).
  6. Biomass furnace according to any of claims 3 to 5, wherein the interruption device (29, 30) automatically conducts flue gas through the flue gas bypass (28) in response to a power failure or fault.
  7. Biomass furnace according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the air inlet (3, 13, 23) is rotatably coupled to the floor of the combustion chamber (2, 12, 22).
  8. Biomass furnace according to claim 7, wherein the air inlet (3) has a two-part portion, wherein the first part (3a) is rotatably coupled to the second part (3b) of the two-part portion.
  9. Biomass furnace according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the flue gas nozzle (7) is designed in two parts, wherein the first part (7a) is rotatably coupled to the second part (7b) of the two-part flue gas nozzle (7).
EP18155845.3A 2017-02-08 2018-02-08 Biomass furnace Active EP3361152B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017001172.9A DE102017001172A1 (en) 2017-02-08 2017-02-08 BIOMASS STOVE

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EP3361152A1 EP3361152A1 (en) 2018-08-15
EP3361152B1 true EP3361152B1 (en) 2020-10-21

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EP18155845.3A Active EP3361152B1 (en) 2017-02-08 2018-02-08 Biomass furnace

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DE (1) DE102017001172A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111780093A (en) * 2020-07-08 2020-10-16 唐山市丰润区神火新能源开发有限公司 Special burning basin for biomass particle furnace

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE881094C (en) 1948-10-02 1953-06-25 Friedrich Schwartzkopf Flue gas deflection device for lintels, especially for flue gas heaters
FR2461197A1 (en) 1979-07-10 1981-01-30 Serva Soc METHOD AND DEVICE FOR RECOVERING HEAT IN SMOKE
DE3525112A1 (en) * 1985-07-13 1987-01-15 Guiseppe Lucifora Stove insert housing for room heating
SI20125A (en) * 2000-03-08 2000-06-30 Vojteh Vanovšek Hot water boiler for solid types of fuel
EP1983263A1 (en) * 2007-04-18 2008-10-22 Jolly-Mec Caminetti S.p.a. Stove with automatic flue gas reversal control
DE202007006055U1 (en) * 2007-04-25 2007-12-27 Hark Gmbh & Co. Kg Kamin- Und Kachelofenbau Fireplace hearth
NL2002169C (en) * 2008-11-05 2010-05-06 Dybas Bvba FIREPLACE AND METHOD FOR COMPANIES OF SUCH FIREPLACE.
DE202011051990U1 (en) 2011-11-16 2012-01-18 Lars Betzner Stove with improved efficiency
DE102013019954A1 (en) * 2013-11-27 2015-05-28 Karl Stefan Riener Oven for heat generation

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Title
None *

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EP3361152A1 (en) 2018-08-15

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