EP1411295B1 - Furnace or small combustion equipment - Google Patents

Furnace or small combustion equipment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1411295B1
EP1411295B1 EP02023420A EP02023420A EP1411295B1 EP 1411295 B1 EP1411295 B1 EP 1411295B1 EP 02023420 A EP02023420 A EP 02023420A EP 02023420 A EP02023420 A EP 02023420A EP 1411295 B1 EP1411295 B1 EP 1411295B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
furnace
combustion chamber
combustion equipment
equipment according
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP02023420A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1411295A1 (en
Inventor
Dierk Dipl.-Ing. Astfalk (Tu)
Hannes Dr.-Ing. Kneissl
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Wodtke GmbH
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Wodtke GmbH
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Priority to DE50209442T priority Critical patent/DE50209442D1/en
Priority to AT02023420T priority patent/ATE353423T1/en
Priority to EP02023420A priority patent/EP1411295B1/en
Publication of EP1411295A1 publication Critical patent/EP1411295A1/en
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Publication of EP1411295B1 publication Critical patent/EP1411295B1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/12—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel being fed to the combustion zone by free fall or by sliding along inclined surfaces, e.g. from a conveyor terminating above the fuel bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K3/00—Feeding or distributing of lump or pulverulent fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L17/00—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues
    • F23L17/005—Inducing draught; Tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts; Terminals for flues using fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
    • F23G2205/121—Screw conveyor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/101—Arrangement of sensing devices for temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2207/00—Control
    • F23G2207/10—Arrangement of sensing devices
    • F23G2207/113—Arrangement of sensing devices for oxidant supply flowrate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2209/00—Specific waste
    • F23G2209/26—Biowaste
    • F23G2209/261—Woodwaste
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2231/00—Fail safe
    • F23N2231/16—Fail safe using melting materials or shape memory alloys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an oven or a small combustion plant with an automatic feeder for solid, free-flowing fuels to a combustion chamber.
  • a method for the reduction of nitrogen oxides is known.
  • the amount of oxygen is locally varied by the combustion air supplied along the combustion route such that at no point on the route does the combustion temperature substantially exceed a maximum value at which the formation of nitrogen oxides begins.
  • the method is particularly applicable to a waste incineration plant.
  • a pellet stove is known in which pellets are fed via a screw to a burner. Combustion air is supplied to the furnace through two hollow sections at the front of the furnace, on which a viewing window is also arranged. The combustion air is split into a primary and a secondary air flow. For discharging the exhaust gases of the draft of the fireplace is used.
  • US 6,145,453 discloses a method of controlling the combustion rate and a corresponding apparatus therefor.
  • combustion air is supplied via an air duct.
  • an air flow sensor is provided in this channel.
  • a cooking and / or baking oven for operation with a pellet heat source.
  • This stove has a combustion chamber with a combustion chamber arranged in the receiving tray for the combustion of pellets, a fuel delivery device between a reservoir for the pellets and the combustion chamber, a subsequent to the combustion chamber flue, which is coupled to a vent fan for the combustion of the pellets resulting flue gases , and a supply of combustion air, which opens in the region of the receiving tray in the combustion chamber, on.
  • pellet stove From “Small combustion plants for wood”, BWK fuel heat Kraft, VDI Verlag GmbH, Dusseldorf, Germany is the construction of a pellet stove known. This pellet stove has circulating air grids which are arranged at the front of the furnace, with the result that combustion air from the space in which the combustion chamber is arranged, is sucked. Exhaust gases are discharged via an exhaust fan.
  • DE 197 37 938 A1 discloses a method for combusting fuels on a combustion grate where primary air is supplied to the furnace through the grate, secondary air at the end of the primary combustion zone and further air to achieve low NOx air staged combustion, and solid combustion products are passed through an annealing zone become. Behind the primary combustion zone with respect to the fuel flow direction, further air is impulsively supplied in such a way that a jacket air layer covering the primary combustion zone over its entire width propagates.
  • the present invention proposes an oven or a small combustion plant with the features of claim 1. As a result, it can no longer come to a pressure gradient between the combustion chamber and the installation space even with heavily soiled combustion chamber and thereby causing collapse of the negative pressure in the combustion chamber, since the Installation room through the stove or the small combustion system no more air is withdrawn.
  • the central air supply with preferably integrated air quantity sensors which allows air via lines outside the installation space of the furnace or the small combustion system, also allows a completely airtight structure of the furnace, so even at a negative pressure in the installation room no dangerous operating condition can arise.
  • the elimination of leakage flows also allows a more accurate metering of air volumes and thus the quality of combustion. By eliminating air openings to the combustion chamber and the noise of the furnace is minimized. The flames and any odors caused by flue gases now no longer reach the outside.
  • the air supply has an air duct, which opens into the combustion chamber and with at least one air branch is provided.
  • the proportion of air flowing to the combustion chamber is the combustion air, while the branched air can be used for other purposes, for example for cooling individual furnace areas.
  • air quantity sensors are provided in the air duct and / or in the air branch or branches. This makes it possible to control one or more fans of the air supply and / or valve devices at the branches as a function of the sensor signals in order to always be able to ensure optimum operating conditions.
  • one of the air branches may be routed to and cool the fuel delivery device, thereby minimizing the risk of burnback into a fuel storage reservoir. It is also possible to provide an air branch to an ignition device for the fuels. In addition, an air branch can lead to a window of the combustion chamber, so that it can be rinsed by the air.
  • the combustion chamber is surrounded on at least three sides by an air chamber which is connected to the air duct.
  • This air chamber isolates the combustion chamber to the outside. This achieves stable flame kinematics and a constant combustion process.
  • a fuel chute of the fuel feeder may be passed under isolation therefrom. For a thermal decoupling of the feeder is guaranteed.
  • Another measure for preventing a burn-back in a reservoir for the fuels can be achieved that in a connection region between the fuel chute and a connected to a fuel storage conveyor of the feeding device for the fuels are a temperature sensor connected to the drive device of the conveyor and / or an exchangeable safety section which is provided with a fire protection laminate which blocks the fuel supply in the event of overheating.
  • the temperature sensor can trigger a shutdown of the fuel delivery device or a safety device, for example a sprinkler system. Additionally or alternatively, the fire protection laminate may block the further fuel supply. This is absolutely certain that flames or hot hot gases can not get from the combustion chamber in the reservoir or the conveying device for the fuels.
  • the stove can provide space heating solely by radiated heat. However, it is also possible to operate it as a boiler of a central heating and to provide him with a water heat exchanger.
  • a pivotable fire grate above an ash collecting container, wherein upon pivoting of the fire grate located on it ash or slag is stripped from a fixed scraper.
  • the pivoting movement of the fire grate can be done automatically, so that even by this measure a malfunction can be avoided by increasing clogging of the grate.
  • the furnace 10 of FIG. 1 which heats the surrounding space by waste heat, has a combustion chamber 11, an overlying heat exchanger region 12 of the hot gases with the ambient air, a reservoir 13 for fuels, especially for wood pellets, and a conveyor 14 for the fuels ,
  • a central air supply 15 is arranged, with the air outside of the installation space of the furnace 10 can be sucked.
  • the central air supply 15 has an air duct 16 which is connected to the combustion chamber 11 and thus this combustion air feeds.
  • an air flow sensor 17 is arranged, via which a suction fan 18 can be controlled.
  • the combustion chamber 11 is surrounded by an air chamber 19, which is connected to the air duct 16.
  • an air branch 21 is also arranged, which branches off the air for cooling a fuel chute 22 of the automatic fuel supply device 14 from the air flow. By this air cooling, the risk of burnback of the combustion chamber 11 is reduced in the feeder 14 or even in the reservoir 13 for the fuels.
  • Another safety precaution against burnback is between the fuel chute 22 and a screw conveyor for the fuels arranged a safety distance 24 in which a temperature sensor 25 is arranged. When a limit temperature is exceeded, this temperature sensor 25 switches off the screw conveyor 23.
  • the safety section 24 is also lined with a fire protection laminate 26, which blocks the passage through the safety route 24 after exceeding a limit temperature.
  • the fuel tank 13 is spatially relatively separated from the combustion chamber 11 so that the furnace 10 has a total of multiple backup against a burn-back in the fuel tank 13.
  • a grate 28 is arranged, which can be pivoted by means of a motor 29. During the pivoting movement, ash, slag and fuel residues lying on the grate 28 are stripped off the grate 28 by a scraper, not shown here, and conveyed into the ash collecting container 27.
  • the furnace 30 shown in Fig. 2 corresponds in its essential components to the furnace 10 of FIG. 1.
  • a central air supply 35 is provided, with which a combustion chamber 31 is supplied with combustion air.
  • the combustion chamber 31 is also surrounded by a cooling air chamber 39.
  • the flue gas leading portion 32 is provided, which is now surrounded by a jacket 40 leading to water.
  • the jacket 40 encloses the area 32 on the back, on both sides and from above.
  • the oven 30 can thus be used as a boiler for hot water heating.
  • the path of the sucked air is indicated by arrows 44. After splitting, a first partial flow of the air 44.1 reaches the fuel chute, a second partial region via the air chamber 39 from above into the combustion chamber 31 and a third partial flow 44.3 from below through the grate 48 in the combustion chamber 31st
  • Fig. 3 illustrates that the furnace 30 except the outer water jacket 40 still has an inner water jacket 41 and 42 on both sides of the flue gas leading portion 32.
  • the hot flue gases are thereby passed along the arrows 43 between the two water jackets 40 and 41 and 42, whereby an optimal utilization of the heat capacity of the flue gases is ensured.
  • a manually or automatically operated cleaning device 45 is provided for cleaning the heat exchanger surfaces.
  • the sectional view according to FIG. 4 again illustrates in plan view the central air feed 35 and the air path 44 through the branch 44.1 through to the fuel chute 32.
  • the grate 48 can be seen, which can be swiveled by a motor and thereby cleaned.

Abstract

The solid fuel stove or oven has an automatic feed for solid fuel (14) to a combustion chamber (11). The feed has a central air feed (15) to extract air from the oven chamber (10). The central air duct can have a pipe (16) connected to the combustion chamber (11) and with an air mixture sensor.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Ofen oder eine Kleinfeuerungsanlage mit einer automatischen Zuführvorrichtung für feste, rieselfähige Brennstoffe zu einer Brennkammer.The invention relates to an oven or a small combustion plant with an automatic feeder for solid, free-flowing fuels to a combustion chamber.

Diese Art von Öfen oder Kleinfeuerungsanlagen erfreuen sich aufgrund des vollautomatischen Betriebes zunehmender Beliebtheit. Insbesondere Öfen und Kleinfeuerungsanlagen zur Verbrennung von Holzpellets sind gefragt. Alle bekannten Öfen und Kleinfeuerungsanlagen dieser Art arbeiten jedoch mit Raumluft, das heißt die Verbrennungsluft wird aus dem Aufstellungsraum des Ofens oder der Kleinfeuerungsanlage gewonnen. In der Brennkammer dieser Öfen herrscht normalerweise ein durch einen Schornstein erzeugter Unterdruck. Werden die Brennräume jedoch nicht regelmäßig gereinigt, so kann durch Schlackenbildung oder dergleichen ein Abzug der Abgase durch den Schornstein derart behindert werden, dass der Unterdruck in der Brennkammer zusammenfällt. Gleichzeitig kann bei schlecht belüfteten Räumen durch das Ansaugen von Verbrennungsluft durch den Ofen im Aufstellungsraum ein Druckabfall entstehen, sodass sogar ein Überdruck der Brennkammer gegenüber dem Druck im Aufstellungsraum entstehen kann. Dadurch entsteht ein gefährlicher Betriebszustand, in dem die Rauchgase zum Beispiel über Undichtigkeiten des Ofens oder über gewollte Verbrennungsluftöffnungen am Ofen durch den Unterdruck im Aufstellungsraum in diesen gesogen werden. In einem solchen Fall entstehen Gefahren durch CO und andere für Mensch und Tier schädliche Verbrennungsgase. Außerdem besteht die Gefahr, dass Flammen und Heizgase in den Vorratsbehälter der Brennstoffe gezogen werden, wodurch es zu einem Rückbrand in den Vorratsbehälter kommen kann.These types of stoves or small combustion plants enjoy increasing popularity due to the fully automatic operation. In particular, stoves and small combustion plants for burning wood pellets are in demand. However, all known ovens and small combustion systems of this type work with indoor air, that is, the combustion air is recovered from the installation space of the furnace or the small combustion plant. In the combustion chamber of these ovens, there is normally a negative pressure created by a chimney. However, if the combustion chambers are not cleaned on a regular basis, slag formation or the like can hinder exhaust of the exhaust gases through the chimney in such a way that the negative pressure in the combustion chamber coincides. At the same time in poorly ventilated rooms by the intake of combustion air through the furnace in the installation space, a pressure drop may occur, so that even an overpressure of the combustion chamber compared to the pressure in the installation room can arise. This creates a dangerous operating condition in which the flue gases, for example, through leaks in the furnace or intentional combustion air openings be sucked into the oven by the negative pressure in the installation room. In such a case, hazards arise from CO and other harmful to humans and animals combustion gases. There is also the risk that flames and hot gases are drawn into the reservoir of fuels, which can lead to a burn-back in the reservoir.

Aus der DE 39 15 992 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Reduktion von Stickstoffoxiden bekannt. Dabei wird die Sauerstoffmenge durch die entlang der Verbrennungsstrecke zugeführte Verbrennungsluft örtlich derart variiert, dass an keiner Stelle der Strecke die Verbrennungstemperatur im Wesentlichen einen Maximalwert übersteigt, bei welchem die Bildung von Stickstoffoxiden einsetzt. Das Verfahren ist insbesondere anzuwenden bei einer Müllverbrennungsanlage.From DE 39 15 992 A1 a method for the reduction of nitrogen oxides is known. In this case, the amount of oxygen is locally varied by the combustion air supplied along the combustion route such that at no point on the route does the combustion temperature substantially exceed a maximum value at which the formation of nitrogen oxides begins. The method is particularly applicable to a waste incineration plant.

Aus der WO 99/15833 A1 ist ein Pelletofen bekannt, bei dem Pellets über eine Schnecke einer Brennstelle zugeführt werden. Verbrennungsluft wird dem Ofen durch zwei Hohlprofile an der Vorderseite des Ofens, an der auch eine Sichtscheibe angeordnet ist, zugeführt. Die Verbrennungsluft wird in einen primären und einen sekundären Luftstrom aufgeteilt. Zum Abführen der Abgase wird der Luftzug des Kamins genutzt.From WO 99/15833 A1 a pellet stove is known in which pellets are fed via a screw to a burner. Combustion air is supplied to the furnace through two hollow sections at the front of the furnace, on which a viewing window is also arranged. The combustion air is split into a primary and a secondary air flow. For discharging the exhaust gases of the draft of the fireplace is used.

Aus der US 6,223,737 B1 ist ein Grill bekannt, der über Pellets beheizt wird. Dieser Grill weist ein Frischluftgebläse auf. Dieses Frischluftgebläse ist jedoch unmittelbar mit dem Grill verbunden. Dieses Frischluftgebläse wird somit immer in demselben Raum angeordnet sein wie die Brennkammer, beziehungsweise beide zusammen werden im Freien verwendet werden.From US 6,223,737 B1 a grill is known, which is heated by pellets. This grill has a fresh air blower. However, this fresh air blower is connected directly to the grill. This fresh air blower will thus always be arranged in the same room as the combustion chamber, or both together will be used outdoors.

Die US 6,145,453 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Steuerung der Verbrennungsrate und eine entsprechende Vorrichtung dazu. Bei dieser Vorrichtung wird Verbrennungsluft über einen Luftführungskanal zugeführt. In diesem Kanal ist auch ein Luftmengensensor vorgesehen.US 6,145,453 discloses a method of controlling the combustion rate and a corresponding apparatus therefor. In this device, combustion air is supplied via an air duct. In this channel also an air flow sensor is provided.

Aus der EP 1 022 512 A1 ist ein Koch- und/oder Backherd für den Betrieb mit einer Pelletswärmequelle bekannt. Dieser Herd weist einen Brennraum mit einer im Brennraum angeordneten Aufnahmeschale zur Verbrennung von Pellets, eine Brennmaterialfördereinrichtung zwischen einem Vorratsbehälter für die Pellets und dem Brennraum, einen an den Brennraum anschließenden Rauchgaszug, welcher mit einem Abzugsgebläse für die bei der Verbrennung der Pellets entstehenden Rauchgase gekoppelt ist, und eine Zuführung von Verbrennungsluft, die im Bereich der Aufnahmeschale in dem Brennraum mündet, auf.From EP 1 022 512 A1, a cooking and / or baking oven is known for operation with a pellet heat source. This stove has a combustion chamber with a combustion chamber arranged in the receiving tray for the combustion of pellets, a fuel delivery device between a reservoir for the pellets and the combustion chamber, a subsequent to the combustion chamber flue, which is coupled to a vent fan for the combustion of the pellets resulting flue gases , and a supply of combustion air, which opens in the region of the receiving tray in the combustion chamber, on.

Aus "Kleinfeuerungsanlagen für Holz", BWK Brennstoff Wärme Kraft, VDI Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf, Deutschland ist der Aufbau eines Pelletofens bekannt. Dieser Pelletofen weist Umluftgitter auf, die an der Vorderseite des Ofens angeordnet sind, woraus sich ergibt, dass Verbrennungsluft aus dem Raum, in dem die Brennkammer angeordnet ist, angesaugt wird. Abgase werden über ein Abgasgebläse abgeleitet.From "Small combustion plants for wood", BWK fuel heat Kraft, VDI Verlag GmbH, Dusseldorf, Germany is the construction of a pellet stove known. This pellet stove has circulating air grids which are arranged at the front of the furnace, with the result that combustion air from the space in which the combustion chamber is arranged, is sucked. Exhaust gases are discharged via an exhaust fan.

Die DE 197 37 938 A1 offenbart ein Verfahren zur Verbrennung von Brennstoffen auf einem Verbrennungsrost, bei dem zur Erzielung einer NOxarmen luftgestuften Verbrennung Primärluft über den Rost, Sekundärluft am Ende der primären Verbrennungszone und weitere Luft dem Feuerraum zugeführt wird und feste Verbrennungsprodukte durch eine Ausglühzone geführt werden. Hinter der primären Verbrennungszone bezogen auf die Brennstofffließrichtung wird weitere Luft derart impulsartig zugeführt, dass sich eine die primäre Verbrennungszone in ihrer gesamten Breite überdeckende Mantelluftschicht ausbreitet.DE 197 37 938 A1 discloses a method for combusting fuels on a combustion grate where primary air is supplied to the furnace through the grate, secondary air at the end of the primary combustion zone and further air to achieve low NOx air staged combustion, and solid combustion products are passed through an annealing zone become. Behind the primary combustion zone with respect to the fuel flow direction, further air is impulsively supplied in such a way that a jacket air layer covering the primary combustion zone over its entire width propagates.

Die vorliegende Erfindung schlägt einen Ofen oder eine Kleinfeuerungsanlage mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 vor. Dadurch kann es auch bei stark verschmutzter Brennkammer und einem dadurch verursachten Zusammenbrechen des Unterdrucks in der Brennkammer nicht mehr zu einem Druckgefälle zwischen Brennkammer und Aufstellungsraum kommen, da dem Aufstellungsraum durch den Ofen oder die Kleinfeuerungsanlage keine Luft mehr entzogen wird.The present invention proposes an oven or a small combustion plant with the features of claim 1. As a result, it can no longer come to a pressure gradient between the combustion chamber and the installation space even with heavily soiled combustion chamber and thereby causing collapse of the negative pressure in the combustion chamber, since the Installation room through the stove or the small combustion system no more air is withdrawn.

Die zentrale Luftzuführung mit vorzugsweise integrierten Luftmengensensoren, die über Leitungen eine Luftzuführung außerhalb des Aufstellungsraumes des Ofens oder der Kleinfeuerungsanlage erlaubt, ermöglicht außerdem einen vollständig luftdichten Aufbau des Ofens, sodass selbst bei einem Unterdruck im Aufstellungsraum kein gefährlicher Betriebszustand mehr entstehen kann. Das Entfallen von Leckageströmen ermöglicht zudem eine genauere Dosierung der Luftmengen und somit der Verbrennungsqualität. Durch den Verzicht auf Luftöffnungen zur Brennkammer wird auch die Geräuschbildung des Ofens minimiert. Die Flammgeräusche und eventuelle Geruchsbelästigungen durch Rauchgase gelangen jetzt nicht mehr nach außen.The central air supply with preferably integrated air quantity sensors, which allows air via lines outside the installation space of the furnace or the small combustion system, also allows a completely airtight structure of the furnace, so even at a negative pressure in the installation room no dangerous operating condition can arise. The elimination of leakage flows also allows a more accurate metering of air volumes and thus the quality of combustion. By eliminating air openings to the combustion chamber and the noise of the furnace is minimized. The flames and any odors caused by flue gases now no longer reach the outside.

Die Luftzuführung weist einen Luftführungskanal auf, der in die Brennkammer mündet und mit mindestens einer Luftabzweigung versehen ist. Der zur Brennkammer strömende Luftanteil ist die Verbrennungsluft, während die abgezweigte Luft zu anderen Zwecken, beispielsweise zur Kühlung einzelner Ofenbereiche, verwendet werden kann. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn in dem Luftführungskanal und/oder in der oder den Luftabzweigungen Luftmengensensoren vorgesehen sind. Damit ist es möglich, ein oder mehrere Gebläse der Luftzuführung und/oder Ventileinrichtungen an den Abzweigungen in Abhängigkeit von den Sensorsignalen anzusteuern, um stets optimale Betriebsbedingungen gewährleisten zu können.The air supply has an air duct, which opens into the combustion chamber and with at least one air branch is provided. The proportion of air flowing to the combustion chamber is the combustion air, while the branched air can be used for other purposes, for example for cooling individual furnace areas. It is advantageous if air quantity sensors are provided in the air duct and / or in the air branch or branches. This makes it possible to control one or more fans of the air supply and / or valve devices at the branches as a function of the sensor signals in order to always be able to ensure optimum operating conditions.

Eine der Luftabzweigungen kann beispielsweise zur Zuführvorrichtung für die Brennstoffe geführt sein und diese kühlen, wodurch die Gefahr eines Rückbrandes in einen Vorratsbehälter für die Brennstoffe minimiert wird. Es ist auch möglich, eine Luftabzweigung zu einer Zündvorrichtung für die Brennstoffe vorzusehen. Außerdem lässt sich eine Luftabzweigung zu einer Sichtscheibe der Brennkammer führen, sodass diese durch die Luft gespült werden kann.For example, one of the air branches may be routed to and cool the fuel delivery device, thereby minimizing the risk of burnback into a fuel storage reservoir. It is also possible to provide an air branch to an ignition device for the fuels. In addition, an air branch can lead to a window of the combustion chamber, so that it can be rinsed by the air.

Weitere Vorteile ergeben sich, wenn der Brennraum an mindestens drei Seiten von einer Luftkammer umgeben ist, die mit dem Luftführungskanal verbunden ist. Diese Luftkammer isoliert die Brennkammer nach außen hin. Dadurch wird eine stabile Flammkinematik und ein konstanter Verbrennungsprozess erreicht. Durch die Luftkammer hindurch kann eine Brennstoffrutsche der Zuführvorrichtung für die Brennstoffe unter Isolation gegenüber dieser hindurchgeführt sein. Damit ist eine thermische Entkopplung der Zuführvorrichtung gewährleistet.Further advantages arise when the combustion chamber is surrounded on at least three sides by an air chamber which is connected to the air duct. This air chamber isolates the combustion chamber to the outside. This achieves stable flame kinematics and a constant combustion process. Through the air chamber, a fuel chute of the fuel feeder may be passed under isolation therefrom. For a thermal decoupling of the feeder is guaranteed.

Eine weitere Maßnahme zur Verhinderung eines Rückbrandes in einen Vorratsbehälter für die Brennstoffe kann dadurch erreicht werden, dass in einem Verbindungsbereich zwischen der Brennstoffrutsche und einer mit einem Brennstoffvorratsbehälter verbundenen Fördereinrichtung der Zuführvorrichtung für die Brennstoffe ein mit der Antriebsvorrichtung der Fördereinrichtung verbundener Temperaturfühler und/oder eine austauschbare Sicherheitsstrecke, die mit einem Brandschutzlaminat versehen ist, das bei Überhitzung die Brennstoffzufuhr blockiert, vorgesehen sind.Another measure for preventing a burn-back in a reservoir for the fuels can be achieved that in a connection region between the fuel chute and a connected to a fuel storage conveyor of the feeding device for the fuels are a temperature sensor connected to the drive device of the conveyor and / or an exchangeable safety section which is provided with a fire protection laminate which blocks the fuel supply in the event of overheating.

Bei einer Überhitzung dieses Verbindungsbereichs kann der Temperaturfühler ein Abschalten der Fördervorrichtung für die Brennstoffe oder eine Sicherheitseinrichtung, beispielsweise eine Sprinkleranlage, auslösen. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann das Brandschutzlaminat die weitere Brennstoffzufuhr blockieren. Damit ist absolut sichergestellt, dass Flammen oder heiße Heizgase nicht von der Brennkammer in den Vorratsbehälter oder die Fördervorrichtung für die Brennstoffe gelangen können.In the event of overheating of this connection region, the temperature sensor can trigger a shutdown of the fuel delivery device or a safety device, for example a sprinkler system. Additionally or alternatively, the fire protection laminate may block the further fuel supply. This is absolutely certain that flames or hot hot gases can not get from the combustion chamber in the reservoir or the conveying device for the fuels.

Der Ofen kann eine Raumbeheizung allein durch Abstrahlwärme leisten. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, ihn als Kessel einer Zentralheizung zu betreiben und ihn dazu mit einem Wasserwärmetauscher zu versehen.The stove can provide space heating solely by radiated heat. However, it is also possible to operate it as a boiler of a central heating and to provide him with a water heat exchanger.

Unterhalb der Brennkammer kann außerdem ein verschwenkbarer Feuerrost oberhalb eines Aschesammelbehälters angeordnet sein, wobei beim Verschwenken des Feuerrostes auf ihm befindliche Asche oder Schlacke von einem feststehenden Abstreifer abgestreift wird. Die Schwenkbewegung des Feuerrostes kann dabei automatisch erfolgen, sodass auch durch diese Maßnahme eine Betriebsstörung durch ein zunehmendes Zusetzen des Feuerrostes vermieden werden kann.Below the combustion chamber can also be arranged a pivotable fire grate above an ash collecting container, wherein upon pivoting of the fire grate located on it ash or slag is stripped from a fixed scraper. The pivoting movement of the fire grate can be done automatically, so that even by this measure a malfunction can be avoided by increasing clogging of the grate.

Nachfolgend wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Ofens anhand der Zeichnung näher beschrieben.Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a furnace according to the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawing.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Längsschnitt durch einen ersten Ofen;
Fig. 2
einen Längsschnitt durch einen als Kessel ausgebildeten zweiten Ofen;
Fig. 3
eine Frontansicht des Ofens aus Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
einem Querschnitt durch den Ofen aus Fig. 2.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a longitudinal section through a first furnace;
Fig. 2
a longitudinal section through a second furnace designed as a boiler;
Fig. 3
a front view of the furnace of Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
a cross section through the furnace of FIG. 2.

Der Ofen 10 aus Fig. 1, der den umgebenden Raum durch Abwärme heizt, weist eine Brennkammer 11, einen darüber angeordneten Wärmetauscherbereich 12 der Heizgase mit der Umgebungsluft, einen Vorratsbehälter 13 für Brennstoffe, insbesondere für Holzpellets, sowie eine Fördereinrichtung 14 für die Brennstoffe auf. Auf der Rückseite des Ofens 10 ist eine zentrale Luftzuführung 15 angeordnet, mit der Luft außerhalb des Aufstellungsraumes des Ofens 10 angesaugt werden kann. Die zentrale Luftzuführung 15 weist einen Luftführungskanal 16 auf, der mit der Brennkammer 11 verbunden ist und dieser somit Verbrennungsluft zuleitet. Im Luftführungskanal 16 ist ein Luftmengensensor 17 angeordnet, über den ein Absauggebläse 18 angesteuert werden kann. Die Brennkammer 11 ist von einer Luftkammer 19 umgeben, die mit dem Luftführungskanal 16 verbunden ist. Dadurch ist es möglich, einen Teil der durch den Luftführungskanal 16 strömenden Luft zum Spülen einer Sichtscheibe 20 zu verwenden. Im Luftführungskanal 16 ist außerdem eine Luftabzweigung 21 angeordnet, die Luft zur Kühlung einer Brennstoffrutsche 22 der automatischen Brennstoffzuführvorrichtung 14 aus dem Luftstrom abzweigt. Durch diese Luftkühlung wird die Gefahr eines Rückbrandes von der Brennkammer 11 in die Zuführvorrichtung 14 oder gar in den Vorratsbehälter 13 für die Brennstoffe reduziert. Als weitere Sicherheitsvorkehrung gegen einen Rückbrand ist zwischen der Brennstoffrutsche 22 und einer Förderschnecke für die Brennstoffe eine Sicherheitsstrecke 24 angeordnet, in der ein Temperaturfühler 25 angeordnet ist. Bei Überschreiten einer Grenztemperatur schaltet dieser Temperaturfühler 25 die Förderschnecke 23 ab. Die Sicherheitsstrecke 24 ist außerdem mit einem Brandschutzlaminat 26 ausgekleidet, das nach Überschreiten einer Grenztemperatur den Durchgang durch die Sicherheitsstrecke 24 blockiert. Außerdem ist der Brennstoffbehälter 13 räumlich relativ weit von der Brennkammer 11 getrennt, sodass der Ofen 10 insgesamt eine mehrfache Sicherung gegen einen Rückbrand in den Brennstoffvorratsbehälter 13 aufweist.The furnace 10 of FIG. 1, which heats the surrounding space by waste heat, has a combustion chamber 11, an overlying heat exchanger region 12 of the hot gases with the ambient air, a reservoir 13 for fuels, especially for wood pellets, and a conveyor 14 for the fuels , On the back of the furnace 10, a central air supply 15 is arranged, with the air outside of the installation space of the furnace 10 can be sucked. The central air supply 15 has an air duct 16 which is connected to the combustion chamber 11 and thus this combustion air feeds. In the air duct 16, an air flow sensor 17 is arranged, via which a suction fan 18 can be controlled. The combustion chamber 11 is surrounded by an air chamber 19, which is connected to the air duct 16. This makes it possible to use part of the air flowing through the air duct 16 for flushing a lens 20. In the air duct 16, an air branch 21 is also arranged, which branches off the air for cooling a fuel chute 22 of the automatic fuel supply device 14 from the air flow. By this air cooling, the risk of burnback of the combustion chamber 11 is reduced in the feeder 14 or even in the reservoir 13 for the fuels. Another safety precaution against burnback is between the fuel chute 22 and a screw conveyor for the fuels arranged a safety distance 24 in which a temperature sensor 25 is arranged. When a limit temperature is exceeded, this temperature sensor 25 switches off the screw conveyor 23. The safety section 24 is also lined with a fire protection laminate 26, which blocks the passage through the safety route 24 after exceeding a limit temperature. In addition, the fuel tank 13 is spatially relatively separated from the combustion chamber 11 so that the furnace 10 has a total of multiple backup against a burn-back in the fuel tank 13.

Zwischen der Brennkammer 11 und einem darunter angeordneten Aschesammelbehälter 27 ist ein Rost 28 angeordnet, der mittels eines Motors 29 verschwenkbar ist. Bei der Schwenkbewegung werden auf dem Rost 28 liegende Asche, Schlacke und Brennstoffreste von einem hier nicht näher dargestellten Abstreifer vom Rost 28 abgestreift und in den Aschesammelbehälter 27 befördert.Between the combustion chamber 11 and an ash collecting container 27 arranged underneath, a grate 28 is arranged, which can be pivoted by means of a motor 29. During the pivoting movement, ash, slag and fuel residues lying on the grate 28 are stripped off the grate 28 by a scraper, not shown here, and conveyed into the ash collecting container 27.

Der in Fig. 2 gezeigte Ofen 30 entspricht in den wesentlichen Bestandteilen dem Ofen 10 aus Fig. 1. Auch hier ist wieder eine zentrale Luftzuführung 35 vorgesehen, mit der eine Brennkammer 31 mit Verbrennungsluft versorgt wird. Die Brennkammer 31 ist ebenfalls von einer kühlenden Luftkammer 39 umgeben. Oberhalb der Brennkammer 31 ist der Rauchgas führende Bereich 32 vorgesehen, der jetzt jedoch von einem Wasser führenden Mantel 40 umgeben ist. Der Mantel 40 umschließt dabei den Bereich 32 auf der Rückseite, an beiden Seiten und von oben. Der Ofen 30 kann somit als Kessel für eine Warmwasserheizung eingesetzt werden. In Fig. 2 ist außerdem der Weg der angesaugten Luft durch Pfeile 44 gekennzeichnet. Nach Aufspaltung gelangt ein erster Teilstrom der Luft 44.1 zur Brennstoffrutsche, ein zweiter Teilbereich über die Luftkammer 39 von oben in die Brennkammer 31 und ein dritter Teilstrom 44.3 von unten durch den Rost 48 in die Brennkammer 31.The furnace 30 shown in Fig. 2 corresponds in its essential components to the furnace 10 of FIG. 1. Again, a central air supply 35 is provided, with which a combustion chamber 31 is supplied with combustion air. The combustion chamber 31 is also surrounded by a cooling air chamber 39. Above the combustion chamber 31, the flue gas leading portion 32 is provided, which is now surrounded by a jacket 40 leading to water. The jacket 40 encloses the area 32 on the back, on both sides and from above. The oven 30 can thus be used as a boiler for hot water heating. In Fig. 2 also the path of the sucked air is indicated by arrows 44. After splitting, a first partial flow of the air 44.1 reaches the fuel chute, a second partial region via the air chamber 39 from above into the combustion chamber 31 and a third partial flow 44.3 from below through the grate 48 in the combustion chamber 31st

Fig. 3 verdeutlicht, dass der Ofen 30 außer dem äußeren Wassermantel 40 noch einen inneren Wassermantel 41 und 42 zu beiden Seiten des Rauchgas führenden Bereichs 32 aufweist. Die heißen Rauchgase werden dabei entlang der Pfeile 43 zwischen den beiden Wassermänteln 40 und 41 bzw. 42 hindurchgeleitet, wodurch eine optimale Ausnutzung der Wärmekapazität der Rauchgase gewährleistet ist. Zur Reinigung der Wärmetauscheroberflächen ist eine manuell oder automatisch zu betätigende Reinigungsvorrichtung 45 vorgesehen.Fig. 3 illustrates that the furnace 30 except the outer water jacket 40 still has an inner water jacket 41 and 42 on both sides of the flue gas leading portion 32. The hot flue gases are thereby passed along the arrows 43 between the two water jackets 40 and 41 and 42, whereby an optimal utilization of the heat capacity of the flue gases is ensured. For cleaning the heat exchanger surfaces, a manually or automatically operated cleaning device 45 is provided.

Die Schnittdarstellung gemäß Fig. 4 verdeutlicht noch einmal in der Draufsicht die zentrale Luftzuführung 35 und den Luftweg 44 durch die Abzweigung 44.1 hindurch zur Brennstoffrutsche 32. Außerdem ist der Rost 48 zu sehen, der motorisch verschwenkt und dabei gereinigt werden kann.The sectional view according to FIG. 4 again illustrates in plan view the central air feed 35 and the air path 44 through the branch 44.1 through to the fuel chute 32. In addition, the grate 48 can be seen, which can be swiveled by a motor and thereby cleaned.

Claims (10)

  1. Furnace or small combustion equipment with an automatic feeding device (14) for solid pourable fuels to a combustion chamber (11, 31) arranged in an installation space of the furnace or the small combustion equipment, wherein a central air feed (15, 35) draws in air outside the installation space of the furnace (10, 30) and the central air feed (15, 35) has an air feed channel (16) which is connected to the combustion chamber (11, 31) and is provided with at least one air branchway (21, 44.1), characterised in that arranged in the air feed channel (16) is at least one air quantity sensor (17) and/or that in the air branchway(s) (21; 44.1, 44.2, 44.3) are air quantity sensors, that the air feed (15, 35) is connected via the combustion chamber (11, 31) and the heating gas flues to at least one extraction fan (18) which can be controlled depending on the signals of the air quantity sensor(s) (17), and/or valve equipment at the branches can be controlled depending on the sensor signals.
  2. Furnace or small combustion equipment according to claim 1, characterised in that an air branchway (21, 44.1) is provided which leads to the feeding device (14) for the fuels.
  3. Furnace or small combustion equipment according to one of the claims 1 or 2, characterised in that an air branchway to an ignition device for the fuels is provided.
  4. Furnace or small combustion equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that an air branchway to an inspection pane (20) at the combustion chamber (11, 31) is provided.
  5. Furnace or small combustion equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the combustion chamber (11, 31) is surrounded on at least three sides by an air chamber (19, 39), which is connected to the air feed channel (16).
  6. Furnace according to claim 5, characterised in that a fuel slide (22) of the feeding device (14) for the fuels is fed through the air chamber (19) and is insulated from it.
  7. Furnace or small combustion equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterised in that in a connecting region (24) between the fuel slide (22) and a conveying apparatus (23) of the feeding device (14) connected to a fuel supply container (13) for the fuels, a temperature sensor (25) connected to the drive device of the conveying apparatus (23) and/or an interchangeable safety path (24) which is provided with a fireproof laminate (26) which on overheating blocks the fuel supply, are provided.
  8. Furnace or small combustion equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 7, characterised in that it has a water heat-exchanger or an air heat-exchanger.
  9. Furnace or small combustion equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised in that beneath the combustion chamber (11, 31) a pivotable grate (28, 48) is arranged above an ash collecting container (27), wherein on pivoting the grate (28, 48), ash or slag situated thereon is swept off by a fixed wiper.
  10. Furnace or small combustion equipment according to one of the claims 1 to 9, characterised in that cleaning apparatus (45) for the heat exchanger surfaces are arranged in the region of the heating gas flues.
EP02023420A 2002-10-19 2002-10-19 Furnace or small combustion equipment Expired - Lifetime EP1411295B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE50209442T DE50209442D1 (en) 2002-10-19 2002-10-19 Oven or small furnace
AT02023420T ATE353423T1 (en) 2002-10-19 2002-10-19 OVEN OR SMALL FIREPLACE SYSTEM
EP02023420A EP1411295B1 (en) 2002-10-19 2002-10-19 Furnace or small combustion equipment

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02023420A EP1411295B1 (en) 2002-10-19 2002-10-19 Furnace or small combustion equipment

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EP1411295A1 EP1411295A1 (en) 2004-04-21
EP1411295B1 true EP1411295B1 (en) 2007-02-07

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AT501343B1 (en) * 2005-02-02 2007-03-15 Calimax Entwicklungs & Vertrie HEATING DEVICE FOR PIECE FUELS
DK200501516A (en) * 2005-11-02 2007-05-03 Hollensen Energy As A biomass transport system, a biofuel firing plant, a method of biofuel feeding, a method of back-fire protection and the use of a biomass transport system
DE102010032090B4 (en) * 2010-07-23 2012-09-06 Karl Stefan Riener Control device for a biomass combustion device and method for controlling a biomass combustion device
ITPS20120021A1 (en) * 2012-09-10 2014-03-11 Corrado Baldelli PELLET BURNER AND HEATING DEVICE INCORPORATING A BURNER, PARTICULARLY SUITABLE FOR APARTMENTS.
FR2994728B1 (en) * 2013-09-09 2016-11-18 Christian Schulhof PELLET STOVE
CN104566438A (en) * 2014-12-19 2015-04-29 江苏太湖锅炉股份有限公司 Combined type adjustable air distribution device
FR3063622B1 (en) * 2017-03-07 2021-05-21 Inovalp COOKING APPLIANCE WITH SUPPLY RAMP
CN107726299A (en) * 2017-11-14 2018-02-23 章丘市宇龙机械有限公司 A kind of wood chip combustor

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GB2109918A (en) * 1981-09-14 1983-06-08 Kendrick Harry Mcintire Wood burning stove with safety shutdown mechanism
DE3915992A1 (en) * 1988-05-19 1989-11-23 Theodor Koch Process for the reduction of nitrogen oxides
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DK9700348U3 (en) * 1997-09-23 1997-12-29 Greenfire Aps Stoker stove for wood pellets
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EP1411295A1 (en) 2004-04-21
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